A comprehensive study on the surface chemistry of particulate matter collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

IF 3 4区地球科学 Q2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry Pub Date : 2018-07-06 DOI:10.1007/s10874-018-9376-1

Asim Jilani, Syed Zajif Hussain, Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman, Usama Zulfiqar, Muhammad Bilal Shakoor, Imran Ullah Khan, Javed Iqbal, Attieh A. Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed Alshahrie

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引用次数: 2

Abstract

In this work, the X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) technique is utilized to analyze the surface chemical composition of particulate matter (PM) which was collected from various locations at Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The main elements found on the surface of PM are carbon (C), oxygen (O) and silicon (Si) with combined percentage of 89.4–94.9 while traces of nitrogen (N), calcium (Ca), aluminum (Al), sodium (Na), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mg), and sulfur (S) were also present. The analyzed XPS chemical state of C, O and Si was further used to determine their bonding with other elements occurring over the surface of PM. Carbon was found in the form of carbides (18.86%), fluorides (2.39%) and carbonates (78.75%); oxygen was observed as oxides (21.05%) and hydroxides (73.42%) of other metals; and silicon was detected as silicones (12.16%), nitrides (82.53%) and silicates (5.25%). The particle size of a PM is also of great concern for health issues, and thus has been investigated by the Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM). The Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) was employed for cross verification of detected elements by XPS.

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从沙特阿拉伯吉达收集的颗粒物质表面化学的综合研究

在这项工作中，利用x射线光电子能谱(XPS)技术分析了从沙特阿拉伯吉达不同地点收集的颗粒物(PM)的表面化学成分。PM表面的主要元素是碳(C)、氧(O)和硅(Si)，总比例为89.4-94.9，同时还存在微量的氮(N)、钙(Ca)、铝(Al)、钠(Na)、氯(Cl)、锰(Mg)和硫(S)。分析的C, O和Si的XPS化学状态进一步用于确定它们与PM表面发生的其他元素的键合。碳以碳化物(18.86%)、氟化物(2.39%)和碳酸盐(78.75%)的形式存在;氧是其他金属的氧化物(21.05%)和氢氧化物(73.42%);硅主要为有机硅(12.16%)、氮化物(82.53%)和硅酸盐(5.25%)。PM的颗粒大小也与健康问题密切相关，因此已经通过场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)进行了研究。利用能量色散x射线能谱(EDS)对所检测元素进行XPS交叉验证。

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来源期刊

Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 地学-环境科学

CiteScore

4.60

自引率

5.00%

发文量

审稿时长

7.5 months

期刊介绍： The Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry is devoted to the study of the chemistry of the Earth''s atmosphere, the emphasis being laid on the region below about 100 km. The strongly interdisciplinary nature of atmospheric chemistry means that it embraces a great variety of sciences, but the journal concentrates on the following topics: Observational, interpretative and modelling studies of the composition of air and precipitation and the physiochemical processes in the Earth''s atmosphere, excluding air pollution problems of local importance only. The role of the atmosphere in biogeochemical cycles; the chemical interaction of the oceans, land surface and biosphere with the atmosphere. Laboratory studies of the mechanics in homogeneous and heterogeneous transformation processes in the atmosphere. Descriptions of major advances in instrumentation developed for the measurement of atmospheric composition and chemical properties.