Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"On the tracks of Pulvis Puteolana: provenance and selection of Roman hydraulic materials","authors":"Martina Mercurio,&nbsp;Giovanna Montesano,&nbsp;Piergiulio Cappelletti,&nbsp;Paola Petrosino,&nbsp;Sossio Fabio Graziano,&nbsp;Assunta Campanile,&nbsp;Barbara Liguori,&nbsp;Concetta Rispoli","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02582-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02582-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phlegraean <i>pozzolana</i> played an important role in the production of Roman hydraulic mortars, capable of enhancing mechanical strength even in contact with water. For this reason, this geomaterial was widely exported along the Mediterranean coasts (ROMACONS Project).</p><p>Nowadays, the term <i>pozzolana</i> is strictly referred as the unconsolidated facies of the Neapolitan Yellow Tuff (NYT; ca. 15 ka), while the term pozzolan suits any fine-grained, mainly glassy volcanic ash as well as commercial products exhibiting pozzolanic activity.</p><p>This study characterizes <i>pozzolana stricto sensu</i> and two incoherent deposits belonging to post-NYT eruption collected from quarries from Phlegraean Fields area, historically used by the Romans and compares them with pozzolanic aggregates found in hydraulic mortars from both Campanian and extra-regional archaeological sites.</p><p>A multi-analytical approach was employed to obtain detailed minero-petrographic and chemical information with Polarized Optical Microscopy (POM), X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRPD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (FESEM-EDS). In addition, technological and physical properties were assessed through pozzolanic activity test and laser particle size analyses.</p><p>Experimental data showed that post-NYT pyroclastic deposits also exhibit pozzolanic activity and can develop hydraulic properties. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that both NYT and selected post-NYT deposits were recognized empirically by Romans as suitable raw materials for hydraulic mortars preparation for both local and distal constructions. The Fratini test is therefore used here as a modern assessment of pozzolanic reactivity, while provenance and selection hypotheses are primarily based on the combined petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical evidence. In fact, the compositional match between <i>pozzolana</i> samples analyses and literature glass data from Roman mortars, in relation to the compositional fields of known Phlegraean Fields eruptions, suggests that post-NYT deposits were also employed as <i>pulvis puteolana</i>.</p><p>This research establishes a first reference database to further the knowledge of ancient Roman construction technology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02582-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149189947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing into gender: Funerary practice of boys and girls in the Bronze Age Maros culture (2100 − 1700 BC)","authors":"Mina Amzirkov,&nbsp;Marko Porčić,&nbsp;Katharina Rebay-Salisbury,&nbsp;Fabian Kanz,&nbsp;Michael Wolf,&nbsp;Marija Krečković Gavrilović,&nbsp;Sofija Stefanović","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02578-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02578-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the relationship between biological sex and gendered funerary practices among children of the Bronze Age Maros culture in northern Serbia. Biological sex was determined for 77 non adult individuals (&lt; 18–22 years), for 76 of them using peptide based sex identification from dental enamel, and for one individual previously published aDNA results were used (Žegarac et al. 2021). The results were compared with each individual’s body orientation and position, key elements of the Maros funerary norm known to reflect binary gender differentiation among adults. Statistical analyses revealed a strong association between peptide-determined biological sex and side of the body position, as well as a correlation between biological sex and body orientation. At Mokrin, biological sex was strongly associated with orientation of the body and moderately associated with body position. At Ostojićevo, the relationship was even stronger, but in a smaller sample. These findings confirm that boys were buried according to the male (north-south orientation, positioned on their left side) and girls according to the female norm (south-north orientation, positioned on their right side), mirroring the adult burials. The consistency of these practices demonstrates that binary gender identity was socially recognized from early childhood within Maros society. Occasional deviations, representing fewer than 10% of cases, may reflect errors in documenting body orientation and position, biological sex estimation, or socially meaningful exceptions. Overall, the obtained results highlight the expression of binary gender division from the youngest age, providing one of the most comprehensive datasets for non-adult individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13653877/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149164473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometallurgical evidence from Sagzabad in regional perspective: preliminary insights into second-millennium BCE copper-based metallurgy in North-Central Iran","authors":"Omid Oudbashi,&nbsp;Mathias Mehofer,&nbsp;Nima Nezafati,&nbsp;Sepehr Bahadori,&nbsp;Javad Tayyari,&nbsp;Ahmad Aliyari","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02570-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02570-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Late Bronze Age and Iron Age I contexts at Sagzabad have yielded copper-based artefacts and metallurgical debris, but production practices and metal supply remain poorly characterised. This study analyses a selected assemblage of twelve artefacts, seven slags fragments, and one ore fragment by optical microscopy, SEM-EDS, ICP-OES, and WDXRF; Pb-isotope analysis was undertaken for the artefacts only. Eight artefacts are compositionally unalloyed copper and four are tin bronze, although the small and unevenly distributed sample does not support a site-wide diachronic trend. Metal inclusions and slag microstructures provide evidence for metallurgical and solidification processes but do not independently identify the original ore type. Micro-area analyses of slags’ glassy matrix and associated phases provide qualitative constraints on slag formation. Pb-isotope signatures of the artefacts are heterogeneous and show limited compatibility with several Iranian ore datasets, including Veshnaveh, but the absence of isotope data for the slags and ore prevents testing cogenesis or assigning a specific source. The results therefore provide preliminary evidence for alloy variation and metallurgical activity, while raw-material provenance and the route of tin alloying remain unresolved.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02570-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative identification of flaking techniques using Bulb Surface Angle (BSA) derived from 3D surface data","authors":"Kenji Nagai","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02561-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02561-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Identifying flaking techniques used in blade production is a fundamental challenge in lithic analysis because morphological attributes often overlap among different production methods, limiting the reliability of traditional classifications. This study evaluates a quantitative approach based on the bulb surface angle (BSA) and vertical interval (VI) derived from three-dimensional surface data. The analysis is based on 613 experimentally produced blades manufactured by skilled knappers using four flaking techniques: hard-hammer direct percussion, soft-hammer direct percussion, indirect percussion, and pressure flaking. BSA and VI were measured within a standardized three-dimensional coordinate system and used to examine the distributional structure of each technique. The results show that blade production techniques form distinct distributional patterns in BSA–VI space. Logistic regression analyses incorporating both BSA and VI demonstrated particularly strong discriminative performance for pressure flaking and indirect percussion, achieving balanced accuracies of 97.5% and 96.1%, respectively, whereas direct percussion exhibited substantial overlap and remained difficult to differentiate. In particular, discrimination between hard- and soft-hammer direct percussion was limited. These findings suggest that BSA captures technological variation associated with modes of force transmission and fracture propagation, rather than serving merely as a geometric descriptor of flake morphology. The combination of BSA and VI provides a reproducible framework for quantitatively evaluating variability in blade production techniques and offers a new approach for investigating technological variation in archaeological blade production.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Processed soybean remains from ancient Korean sites: archaeobotanical insights into legume storage and culinary practices","authors":"Minkoo Kim,&nbsp;Gong-Sun Song","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02580-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02580-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article investigates amorphous charcoal lumps dating to approximately AD 200–400 that were recovered from the Yongsan-dong site on the southern Korean Peninsula. Microscopic examination and stable isotope (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) analyses support the identification of the lumps as crushed soybean remains (<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.). The lumps consist exclusively of soybeans, with no evidence of other plant materials. Experimental carbonization of soybeans and soybean-based food products under controlled conditions indicates that the remains were shaped into a dough-like form before charring. The closest modern analogue is <i>meju</i>, a traditional fermented soybean product central to Korean cuisine, although fermentation cannot be directly demonstrated in the charred remains. Extending the investigation to similar remains from four additional archaeological sites on the southern Korean Peninsula corroborates this interpretation and further suggests that the practice of processing soybeans into lumps—an intermediate step in the production of fermented soybean paste—existed as early as AD 200. Drawing on historical and ethnographic information, this study discusses the culinary and social significance of these materials, particularly in relation to food storage, flavor development, and culinary practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil chemistry and vivianite formation in archaeological contexts: evidence from the Mengxihe Palaeolithic site, China","authors":"Fengjiao Wang,&nbsp;Yali Wang,&nbsp;Lei Mou","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02577-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02577-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Vivianite, a secondary iron phosphate mineral, has increasingly been recognized as a sensitive indicator of burial environments in archaeological contexts. This study presents a systematic characterization of vivianite from the Mengxihe Paleolithic site in Ziyang, Sichuan Province, China, a rare locality preserving abundant lithic, faunal, and botanical remains. Vivianite associated with acorn shells, bone fragments, and ped surfaces was investigated using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The crystals occur as fine microcrystalline aggregates composed of irregular short prismatic to pseudocubic crystallites. EDS analyses show an elemental composition dominated by Fe and P, with minor Mn (0.3–1.4 wt%). Raman peak shifts and peak broadening, together with XRD patterns, indicate nanocrystalline vivianite formed under specific local geochemical conditions. Geochemical analyses reveal systematic contrasts between vivianite-bearing and non-vivianite-bearing zones. Sediments proximal to vivianite display higher water-soluble phosphate concentrations, substantially reduced sulfate levels, near-neutral pH, and elevated organic carbon contents relative to distal soils, while grain-size distributions remain comparable. These patterns are consistent with localized redox processes, organic matter degradation, and low sulfate availability influencing vivianite precipitation. From an archaeological perspective, the occurrence of vivianite at Mengxihe provides insights into burial diagenesis and helps explain the heterogeneous preservation of organic remains within the cultural layer. More broadly, the results highlight the potential of vivianite and its associated geochemical signatures as potential proxies for identifying zones of enhanced organic preservation and for reconstructing burial environments at Paleolithic sites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149098658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An early mesolithic osseous projectile point from the Garnys 1 site, Lithuania: interdisciplinary analysis of a rare find from the East Baltic Plain","authors":"Justyna Orłowska,&nbsp;Mariusz Bosiak,&nbsp;Gytis Piličiauskas,&nbsp;Giedrė Piličiauskienė,&nbsp;Aldas Matiukas,&nbsp;Grzegorz Osipowicz","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02576-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02576-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the results of interdisciplinary research on a unique osseous projectile point bearing visible traces of a black, pitch-like substance, discovered in 2022 during an underwater visual survey of the Žeimena River bed in eastern Lithuania. Radiocarbon dating of the adhesive residue and a suite of physicochemical analyses were applied to investigate the artefact and its hafting material. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR–FTIR) analyses support the identification of the organic substance as birch bark tar. Zooarchaeology by Mass Spectrometry (ZooMS) provided insights into the animal origin of the raw material used in the artifact’s manufacture. Detailed microscopic analysis provided insights into the final stages of manufacture and the hafting procedure. The results are discussed in relation to current knowledge of Mesolithic osseous projectile points in Europe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02576-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Periphery and core: insights from the scientific analysis of bronzes from Panlongcheng","authors":"Tianyuan Yu,&nbsp;Anchuan Fan,&nbsp;Changping Zhang,&nbsp;Fang Huang,&nbsp;Zhengyao Jin","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02568-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02568-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Panlongcheng was a pivotal military and resource hub established in the south during the Early Shang period (Erligang period). More than 500 bronze artifacts have been unearthed from the site, yet fewer than one-tenth have been subjected to scientific analysis, and the analyzed samples are concentrated mainly in the later phases of the site (Panlongcheng Phases V-VII). In this study, 21 bronze samples spanning Phases III-VII were investigated using multiple analytical methods, including pXRF, metallographic microscopy, and lead isotope analysis, yielding an important new dataset. The results not only confirm the remelting of bronze tools at the site, but also show that high-lead bronzes occur more frequently at Panlongcheng than among bronzes excavated from the Zhengzhou region, where the Shang royal capital was located. Nevertheless, the bronzes from Panlongcheng and Zhengzhou share more similarities than differences in both alloy types and the provenance of metal raw materials. These findings suggest that the resource-political framework established by the early Shang polity facilitated the acquisition of bronze metal resources from peripheral regions while also contributing to the development of bronze casting technology in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149132087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urolithiasis in the early bronze age of the North Caucasus: a paleopathological case study and insights into ancient lifeways","authors":"Natalia Ya. Berezina,&nbsp;Mikhail A. Statkus,&nbsp;Aleksey A. Kalmykov,&nbsp;Irina V. Abdrashitova,&nbsp;Irina V. Kolesnik,&nbsp;Vadim B. Platonov,&nbsp;Denis A. Shashurin,&nbsp;Andrey V. Garmay,&nbsp;Victoria V. Korobkova,&nbsp;Valeriya S. Ryleeva,&nbsp;Julia Gresky","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02574-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02574-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study presents the first comprehensive, multidisciplinary analysis of a calcified concretion from a mature male (40–49 years) burial at the Ipatovo-5 site, associated with the “Steppe Maikop” horizon (final third of the 4th millennium BCE, c. 3300–3000 BCE) in the North Caucasus. An extensive analytical protocol was applied to determine the precise mineral composition and elucidate the origin of the concretion. The results conclusively identify the specimen as an urolith of infectious origin. Its defining mineralogical signature - a matrix of carbapatite/hydroxyapatite with whitlockite - is a clinical hallmark of bacterial infection. The complete absence of metabolic phases (calcium oxalate, uric acid) confirms an infectious, rather than dietary, etiology as the primary lithogenic factor. The data do not permit a definitive distinction between two equally plausible anatomical origins: a renal stone resulting from upper urinary tract infection (e.g., chronic pyelonephritis) or a prostatic calculus formed in situ due to chronic bacterial prostatitis. This urolith serves as direct physical evidence of chronic urogenital ill-health, which would have significantly impacted the individual’s quality of life. The research contributes to the understudied paleopathology of urolithiasis in prehistory and showcases the power of an integrated analytical approach in bioarchaeology.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the origins of carnelian beads from Tha Kae and Noen Din, Central Thailand","authors":"Wannaporn Rienjang,&nbsp;Fiorella Rispoli,&nbsp;Jonathan Mark Kenoyer,&nbsp;Montira Seneewong Na Ayutthaya,&nbsp;Akkaranai Kwanyou,&nbsp;Randall W. Law,&nbsp;Abhisit Salam","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02557-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02557-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In Central Thailand, as in other regions of the country, carnelian beads first appeared during the local Iron Age (c. fifth century BCE to fifth century CE). This research paper investigates the origins of carnelian beads recovered from the Iron Age layers at the sites of Tha Kae and Noen Din in Central Thailand, using Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to trace the geological provenience of these beads, and systematic documentation of bead morphology and drilling techniques to understand their production. The findings indicate that none of these beads were made from the local Lopburi carnelian, while the shapes and manufacturing techniques of all these beads are South Asian. All beads from the earlier Iron Age layers were geologically sourced from the Indian Deccan Traps. In contrast, beads from the later Iron Age, or Proto-Dvaravati, layer may have been produced from carnelian sourced outside the Deccan Traps. This paper argues that during the earlier Iron Age, the carnelian bead trade in the Lopburi region was primarily associated with interactions with South Asia. During the Proto-Dvaravati period, this trade expanded to encompass more diverse regions that may have had direct or indirect connections with South Asia. Throughout the earlier Iron Age and the Proto-Dvaravati periods, emerging local elites appear to have exerted control over the carnelian-bead trade, utilizing beads containing foreign elements, such as raw materials, technologies, and shapes, as symbols of power and status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}