Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Research on mammalian fossils and their burial environment in Laolongtou Cemetery, Yanyuan, Sichuan Province","authors":"Guilan Liao,&nbsp;Jian Liu,&nbsp;Ming Huang,&nbsp;Hui Ouyang,&nbsp;Zhiqing Zhou,&nbsp;Chenfeng Xu,&nbsp;Jianbo Tian","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02431-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02431-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Research on animal skeletal fossils in the Yanyuan Basin remains limited, resulting in a scarcity of faunal evidence to support studies of Quaternary stratigraphy, paleoclimate, and paleoenvironmental evolution in this region. This study provides the first taphonomic analysis of 14 mammalian fossil specimens unearthed from the Laolongtou cemetery, aiming to elucidate their depositional context. The results indicate that the fossils are highly fragmented with poor anatomical association. Analysis of bone surface modifications and fracture patterns demonstrates that the assemblage of skeletal fossils within the sedimentary layers of the Laolongtou cemetery likely represents natural deposition and is unrelated to intentional burial practices. Taphonomic observations, including scratch marks and a moderate degree of rounding on the bone surfaces, suggest potential fluvial transport after death. The sedimentary sequence indicates that the strata at the base of the tomb were likely deposited by three distinct torrential events with a north-to-south paleoflow direction. While the fossils exhibit some weathering, notable discrepancies in composition and concentration between the fossil assemblage and the enclosing sediment point to varied burial histories. Therefore, this study preliminarily concludes that the mammalian fossils are allochthonous. Their primary depositional setting is interpreted as the fan-top to fan-margin transition zone within a proluvial-alluvial facies. These findings provide significant insights for future research on Quaternary paleoclimate, micro-geomorphology, and paleoenvironmental evolution in the region.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrosion microstructure and coloration mechanism of ancient Chinese bronze mirrors","authors":"Yunpeng Wang,&nbsp;Shasha Long,&nbsp;Youzhen Cai,&nbsp;Xuening Wang,&nbsp;Zhihua Gan,&nbsp;Qinglin Ma","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02474-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02474-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ancient Chinese bronze mirrors, renowned for their artistic and cultural value, also serve as significant sources of scientific insight. Their corrosion layers present complex structures and diverse colorations, drawing interest from materials science, chemistry, and archaeology. This study analyzes twelve bronze mirrors from several museums and archaeological institutions using metallographic microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy to examine their internal corrosion structures. Analytical results indicate that the internal corrosion of bronze mirrors can be categorized into three distinct types: The first type is the most common, characterized by a smooth surface and preferential corrosion of the internal α-phase. The second type typically features a surface covered with corrosion products, exhibiting preferential corrosion of the internal δ-phase. The third type is the rarest; it also has an exceptionally smooth surface, but both the α-phase and δ-phase in the interior are completely corroded. The coloration of silvery, green, and black patinas on bronze mirrors is closely correlated with the type of corrosion and the oxidation degree of metallic soaps. When the corrosion of bronze mirrors is mild, the surface metallic soaps remain transparent, yielding silvery or green patinas. Conversely, in cases of severe corrosion, the heat generated during the corrosion process facilitates the oxidative coloration of metallic soaps, resulting in the formation of a black patina. Moreover, SnO₂ crystals appear on both the surface and the fracture sites of partially detached black patina fragments, indicating that the nanoscale SnO₂ crystals in the bronze mirrors form during natural corrosion processes. Notably, the formation mechanism of these nanoscale SnO₂ crystal films on the mirror surface strongly resembles the modern sol-gel technique used to prepare SnO₂ films.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A provenance study on indigenous and Phoenician bronzes: Insights on the Early Iron Age copper sources of the southwestern Iberian Peninsula","authors":"Susana Sousa Gomes,&nbsp;Pedro Valério,&nbsp;António M. Monge Soares,&nbsp;Maria Fátima Araújo","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02476-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02476-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The diachronic evolution of the Early Iron Age copper-based metallurgy in southern Portugal is behind the research now carried out with the aim of determining the copper provenance in bronzes from two partially coeval settlements. Castro dos Ratinhos shows a metallurgy of Late Bronze Age indigenous tradition, while Quinta do Almaraz with a strong Phoenician influence, presents a more evolved technology, apparently affiliated with regions bordering the Eastern Mediterranean. Our integrated approach crossed Pb isotopes, trace elements, archaeological and historical data. Studied artefacts comprised eight bronzes (<i>c.</i> 10 wt% Sn) from Castro dos Ratinhos and ten artefacts from Quinta do Almaraz, namely three coppers and seven bronzes (<i>c.</i> 6 wt% Sn). Trace elemental profiles, performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, suggest a diversity of copper sources and differentiate these collections effectively, primarily due to higher zinc and gold contents at Quinta do Almaraz. The Pb isotope signatures, determined by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, indicate the use of distinct ore deposits by those communities. Castro dos Ratinhos shows a significant exploitation of Iberian Pyrite Belt mines, most of them located not very far from the settlement. In contrast, the evidence of Quinta do Almaraz demonstrates the existence of significant trade routes from regions outside the Iberian Peninsula, specifically Sardinia and, likely, the more distant region of Anatolia. The existence of such metal trade routes connecting the Central and Eastern Mediterranean with the Iberian Peninsula during the Early Iron Age is becoming increasingly evident as metal provenance studies are carried out.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02476-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distorted touch: clay shrinkage experiments and the challenge of fingerprint analysis","authors":"Jon Ross","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02460-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02460-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent years have seen a marked rise in fingerprint studies on ceramic artefacts, offering novel insights into the social organisation of production and the division of labour at a growing number of sites worldwide. However, methods adapted from forensic biometry and dermatoglyphics must be correctly calibrated for archaeological datasets, especially given the distorting effects of clay shrinkage on ridge breadth measurements. While clay shrinkage has long been recognised as a confounding variable, targeted experimental studies are increasingly needed to anchor biometric classifications of ‘plastic print’ impressions. This study presents the first shrinkage-controlled dataset of its kind, based on 420 experimental briquettes made from regionally relevant clays and temper types fired at successively higher temperatures. Shrinkage corrections are applied using a simple but novel ‘proportional-change formula’. The results of this study are used to calibrate a set of fingerprint impressions preserved on South Levantine Metallic Ware vessels recovered from an Early Bronze Age II complex at the Qedesh megasite in the Galilean highlands. The necessity of shrinkage-controlled reference groups for accurate biometric classification is demonstrated. The results underline the need for calibrations anchored in the physical properties of local raw materials, rather than generic predetermined rates, or statistical adjustments divorced from measured clay behaviour. By modelling the shrinkage limits of different clay bodies, this study also reconsiders fingerprint evidence from other major Early Bronze Age sites in the Levant.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02460-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancient Indian metallurgy: Scientific insights from classical texts and archaeological evidence","authors":"Harendra Dudi,&nbsp;Mohit Gour,&nbsp;Pranjal Shukla,&nbsp;Govind Maurya","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02446-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02446-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explores the evolution of India's metallurgical knowledge, which may open promising avenues. Beginning with the Indus Valley Civilisation, the archaeological evidence and classical Indian texts are explored and analysed in a modern purview. Indian artisans exhibited remarkable expertise in metallurgy and achieved significant advancements in metal extraction, purification, smelting, annealing, casting, alloying, etc. They established fundamental concepts that are still relevant in contemporary scientific and industrial frameworks. Notable metallurgical achievements—such as the production of copper idols, zinc alloys, Wootz steel, and corrosion-resistant iron—demonstrate the artisans' sophisticated command over materials and processes. The research highlights how these innovations were integrated into the broader technological and cultural development of India.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the radiocarbon dating of the prehistoric hematite mines on the Hill of Tzines (Thasos, Greece)","authors":"C. Levato,&nbsp;C. Koukouli-Chrysanthaki,&nbsp;D. Malamidou,&nbsp;M. Vaxevanopoulos,&nbsp;S. Lindauer,&nbsp;Th. Stöllner","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02486-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02486-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prehistoric hematite mines on the Hill of Tzines are located on the island of Thasos, in the administrative region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace (Greece). The site was discovered in the 1950’ during the modern open-cast exploitation, and underwent archaeological investigations in the 1980’ and beginning of the 1990’. The research revealed the occurrence of underground mines – called T1 and T2 – aimed at the extraction of hematite. Despite the efforts made, the radiocarbon dating of the osseous samples from the site was hindered by their poor collagen preservation. However, two radiocarbon dates were obtained for the mine T1. One AMS radiocarbon date (ETH-11573, 24976 − 24021 years cal BP), together with the analysis of the faunal remains, suggested an Upper Palaeolithic age of the exploitation. However, based on another radiocarbon date (HD-8528-8509, 8985 − 8402 years cal BP), the excavators did not exclude a more recent Holocene mining phase. This paper presents the results of a novel radiocarbon dating programme that was conducted between 2020 and 2021, taking into account sample selection, preparation, and analysis. Despite the lack of collagen in most of the osseous samples, it has been possible to obtain two AMS radiocarbon ages for the mine T2. A radiocarbon date (MAMS-53686, 28431 − 27804 years cal BP) places the exploitation in a middle phase of the Upper Palaeolithic, corresponding to the Gravettian. A second date (MAMS-53688, 6398 − 6302 years cal BP), although unreliable due to the low collagen yield (0.4%), may suggest a Holocene phase of exploitation of the mine. Results are discussed in the context of Upper Palaeolithic mining in Europe, Gravettian cultural framework, paleoenvironmental and faunal evidence, early ochre exploitation in the Aegean, and alternative dating approaches.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02486-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147797144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulse of the Past: a ground stone tools perspective on the significance of legumes at the Pre Pottery Neolithic site of Kharaysin (Jordan)","authors":"Andrea Zupancich,&nbsp;Emanuela Cristiani,&nbsp;Carolyne Douché,&nbsp;Andoni Mateos-Cabero,&nbsp;Josu Aranbarri,&nbsp;Amaia Arranz-Otaegui,&nbsp;Luis C. Teira,&nbsp;Juan Muñiz,&nbsp;Juan José Ibáñez","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02472-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02472-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ground stone tools are considered prime evidence for exploring significant aspects of prehistoric societies, particularly concerning plant food processing. For this reason, studying their use can reveal relevant clues concerning the modes of exploitation of specific plants and highlight local and shared culinary practices. This paper presents the first functional study of the ground stone tools from the Pre Pottery Neolithic site of Kharaysin in Jordan. Excavation at the site yielded significant information on the habits and lifestyle of the early Neolithic communities inhabiting the site between the end of the 10th millennium and the middle of the 8th millennium BC. Among this wealth of evidence, of particular interest is the relevant role suggested by the archaeobotanical record, played by legumes at Kharaysin. We further investigate this aspect through the functional analysis of ground stone tools, carried out through the combination of use-wear, residues and 3D surface texture analyses. We identified three use-wear patterns associated with the working of legumes and cereal grains, which provided detailed information on the gestures performed and the species of worked plant. The qualitative and quantitative use-wear data have been coupled with the analysis of plant micro remains identified on the analysed tools, further strengthening our functional interpretations. The results from our study further support the importance that legumes have had at Kharaysin, also shedding more light on the relevance of these plant foods in the diet and daily life of the first Neolithic farming communities in Southwest Asia.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02472-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronze Age funerary practices in the Khaybar oasis, Northwest Arabia","authors":"Modwene Poulmarc’h,&nbsp;Noisette Bec Drelon,&nbsp;Shadi Shabo,&nbsp;Guillaume Charloux,&nbsp;Munirah AlMushawh,&nbsp;Rémy Crassard","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02481-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02481-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study presents the results of a comprehensive archaeological investigation of sixty funerary structures excavated in the Khaybar oasis as part of the Khaybar <i>Longue Durée</i> Archaeological Project, conducted between 2020 and 2024, in northwestern Saudi Arabia. Adopting a multidisciplinary methodology that integrates architectural analysis, stratigraphic sequencing, biological anthropology and archaeothanatological approaches, the research aims to reconstruct burial practices and generate new insights into the population interred within these monuments. Although the preservation of human skeletal remains was generally poor, the excavations identified a number of individual primary burials. Radiocarbon dating of associated materials has made it possible to establish a refined chronological framework, placing the use of these funerary structures between the late 4th and early 2nd millennia BCE. This temporal span covers a period of considerable social and cultural changes in Northwest Arabia. The analysis reveals substantial transformations in tomb architecture, mortuary gestures, and the deposition of grave goods, particularly evident during the transition from the 3rd to the 2nd millennium BCE. Patterns of reuse were observed in several monuments, suggesting sustained engagement with burial sites over extended periods of time. Notably, the marked underrepresentation of immature individuals raises important questions about age-based social selection in funerary treatment. Beyond documenting these patterns, the study contributes to broader discussions of social organization, commemorative practices, and shifting attitudes toward death and the afterlife in Bronze Age Arabia. By situating the Khaybar data within a wider regional context, it offers a valuable comparative framework for understanding mortuary traditions in arid-zone oasis societies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02481-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining indicators of hunter-gatherer mobility in arid environments: The example of the final Middle Paleolithic site of Besor 37 (Northern Negev, Israel)","authors":"Mae Goder-Goldberger,&nbsp;Onn Crouvi,&nbsp;Elisabetta Boaretto,&nbsp;Lotan Edeltin,&nbsp;Liora Kolska Horwitz,&nbsp;Oriol López-Bultó,&nbsp;Yael Jacoby-Glass,&nbsp;Ron Lavi,&nbsp;João Marreiros,&nbsp;Eduardo Paixão,&nbsp;Naomi Porat,&nbsp;Tami Zilberman,&nbsp;Michael B. Toffolo","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02447-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02447-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Besor 37 is an open-air site in the northwestern Negev Desert (Israel). Excavations at the site in 2020 uncovered a rich, in situ Middle Paleolithic assemblage composed of flint and limestone artifacts, animal bones and charcoal. The good preservation of the site is due to its rapid burial by overbank deposition of fluvially reworked loess. Dating using both Optically Stimulated Luminescence and ¹⁴C suggests an average age of 46.6 ± 2.4 ka. Using a macro and micro-archaeological approach, we determined the technological organization and the nature of occupation with reference to spatial patterning of the assemblages. To integrate the site into a regional perspective we used comparative data from four other Late Middle Paleolithic sites, also located in the southern Levantine desert region; Far’ah II, Rosh Ein Mor, Nahal Dimona 24 and Tor Faraj. We evaluate measures of curation, artifact density and assemblage composition to define site type and mobility system. We propose that Besor 37 represents an ephemeral residential occupation, frequented repeatedly by high mobility hunter-gatherers, possibly part of a larger seasonal, perhaps circular mobility pattern.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02447-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unretouched flake production as a characteristic of the pre-Still Bay at Sibhudu Cave, South Africa","authors":"Rosa Matsileng Moll,&nbsp;Lyn Wadley","doi":"10.1007/s12520-026-02469-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-026-02469-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sibhudu is one of the most important Middle Stone Age (MSA) sites in southern Africa and it has abundant lithic assemblages dating from before 77,000 years ago to 38,000 years ago. At about 70,000 years ago, in layers RGS and RGS 2 of the Wadley excavation, the Still Bay technocomplex includes many bifacial points that are foliate or have rounded bases, as well as fragments of points and thousands of shaping flakes. In contrast, the underlying LBG layers, with ages of 73,000 and 72,000 years ago, yield numerous flakes and some denticulates, but only rare points. In this paper, we describe the technology of the lithic assemblage from square B4, layers LBG 3 to LBG 1 from the Wadley excavations and we identify flake production and core reduction methods. We did not find products such as final shaping flakes from bifacial tool thinning or resharpening and this suggests that the LBG assemblage does not fit definitions of either the iLembian or the Still Bay because both of these technocomplexes emphasise bifacial tool production. In the LBG layers, sharp, unretouched flakes were consistently produced from inclined cores. In LBG 3 there are many elongated flakes, but in LBG 1 flakes are most often short, implying some change in technological behaviour through time. Further work needs to be done to assess whether the technology observed in the LBG layers is specific to Sibhudu, or whether it represents a regional trend in the MSA of KwaZulu-Natal. One possibility is that the LBG assemblages represent short-term technological variation of the kind evident in the 58,000 year-old Sibudan.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"18 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-026-02469-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147796445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}