Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences最新文献_第3页

Finding your strong points: exploring the design and resilience of barbed composite weapons 找到你的强项：探索带刺复合武器的设计和弹性

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02177-8

Lola Tydgadt, Veerle Rots

{"title":"Finding your strong points: exploring the design and resilience of barbed composite weapons","authors":"Lola Tydgadt, Veerle Rots","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02177-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02177-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Laterally hafted projectiles have long been of interest in archaeology. While evidence of composite tools with organic shafts and stone barbs appears in Europe as early as the Gravettian, some scholars trace their origins to the early Upper Paleolithic, particularly with Protoaurignacian bladelets. However, the identification of lateral stone elements remains methodologically challenging, and a comprehensive interpretative framework is still under development. Experiments on lateral projectiles focus on diverse research objectives and protocols vary, complicating consensus on the identification of lateral insets, especially in the absence of their organic counterparts. In most experiments, the fragility of lateral hafting systems often leads to detachment of insets upon impact, preventing the formation of characteristic wear and complicating diagnostic analysis. This paper seeks to advance the understanding of lateral hafting systems by investigating their resilience and damage patterns through experimental studies, testing different adhesives, evaluating the role of grooves, and documenting the resulting impact-related wear. The results will help ensure the success of future experimental programs tailored to specific archaeological examples and serve as an additional step in developing a robust reference framework for identifying barbs based on wear traces and macrofractures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Iron keys from the Roman Province of Iudaea/Palaestina: a typological and technological study 罗马尤代亚/巴勒斯坦省的铁钥匙：类型学和技术研究

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02227-1

Yarden Pagelson, Yoav Farhi, Dudi Mevorah, Yuval Goren

{"title":"Iron keys from the Roman Province of Iudaea/Palaestina: a typological and technological study","authors":"Yarden Pagelson, Yoav Farhi, Dudi Mevorah, Yuval Goren","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02227-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02227-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the early 1960s, Yigael Yadin excavated a number of caves at Nahal Hever in the Judean Desert, containing evidence for the final days of refugees from the Bar-Kokhba Revolt against Rome (132–136 CE). The artifacts they chose to take with them into the wilderness were fantastically preserved, including 10 iron keys, pointing to their hope to return to their homes. Since then, dozens of iron keys have been found in excavations at the region. They comprise a varied corpus of shapes and sizes, yet this diversity has gone unnoticed. In this study, we provide a typological analysis of the keys and argue that distinct types relate to chronological periods with evident diachronic changes. Moreover, we suggest that elbow keys are a local type of Roman Iudaea, with recognizable spatial boundaries, and possibly used solely by the local Jewish population. In addition, we reconstruct how the keys were produced and why, by applying X-ray radiography and metallography. The local smiths utilized easily workable soft iron, in order to fabricate the artifacts’ complex shapes. It was also less likely to break, a timeless benefit when it comes to keys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Roman pottery production in the coast of Granada (Spain) in the early Late Antiquity: a scientific analysis of ceramics from the kiln site of Los Matagallares 古代早期晚期格拉纳达（西班牙）海岸的罗马陶器生产：对洛斯马塔加拉雷斯窑址陶瓷的科学分析

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02220-8

Leandro Fantuzzi, Darío Bernal-Casasola, José L. Portillo-Sotelo, José Juan Díaz, Miguel Ángel Cau-Ontiveros, Evangelia Kiriatzi, Noémi S. Müller, Lourdes Lorenzo Martínez

{"title":"Roman pottery production in the coast of Granada (Spain) in the early Late Antiquity: a scientific analysis of ceramics from the kiln site of Los Matagallares","authors":"Leandro Fantuzzi, Darío Bernal-Casasola, José L. Portillo-Sotelo, José Juan Díaz, Miguel Ángel Cau-Ontiveros, Evangelia Kiriatzi, Noémi S. Müller, Lourdes Lorenzo Martínez","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02220-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02220-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The kiln site of Los Matagallares (Salobreña, Granada, Spain) is one of the most important pottery production sites of the Roman period in southern Iberia, particularly for the third century AD. The workshop produced a wide variety of ceramics, but focused on the manufacture of amphorae for the long-distance trade of local/regional fish products, wine, and other foodstuffs, and thus played an important role in the economy of Roman <i>Baetica</i> during the transition to the Late Roman Empire. A combined petrographic, mineralogical, and elemental analysis of amphorae and other ceramics from the site, using a multi-technique approach (thin-section petrography, X-ray diffraction and wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence), allowed for compositional characterisation of materials from this workshop, as well as for gaining new insights into technological aspects of pottery production at the site. The characterisation of ceramics from Los Matagallares enabled us to identify a similar amphora in a consumption context in the Catalan coastal city of Mataró. More generally, the characterisation of ceramics from this prolific kiln site will be an invaluable tool for future studies, as it will allow for the identification of similar products in consumption contexts all over the Roman world, and will aid towards a better understanding of the trade connections between production areas and consumption sites in Antiquity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02220-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The human entry in Sicily: new archaeological and paleoenvironmental evidence from San Teodoro cave (Acquedolci, Messina) 人类进入西西里岛：来自圣特奥多罗洞穴（墨西拿Acquedolci）的新考古和古环境证据

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-24 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02223-5

Vincenza Forgia, Claudia Speciale, Marie-Estelle Ölz, Arianna Romano, Francesco Savarino, Rosaria Natoli, Luca Sineo

{"title":"The human entry in Sicily: new archaeological and paleoenvironmental evidence from San Teodoro cave (Acquedolci, Messina)","authors":"Vincenza Forgia, Claudia Speciale, Marie-Estelle Ölz, Arianna Romano, Francesco Savarino, Rosaria Natoli, Luca Sineo","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02223-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02223-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The timing of the earliest peopling of Sicily and, to a wider level, of human mobility in the Mediterranean basin after the Last Glacial Maximum is enriched by the recent discovery of an archaeological record dated back to 16,5 ka cal BP from San Teodoro cave (Acquedolci, Messina). We present the results of a new archaeological campaign inside the grotto, where we were able to identify a layer related to the initial stage of human occupation. The excavation yielded lithic and faunal remains and the first systematic collection of wood charcoal for the archaeobotanical analysis. The new data offer a snapshot on the site and on the daily activities of the hunter-gatherers in their palaeoenvironmental context. The peri-coastal area surrounding San Teodoro appears to have played a role as a glacial refuge, allowing for the development and survival of temperate tree species. New evidence also gives an overview on the initial stages of the peopling of Sicily. The chronology of the layer is not only the oldest from the cave, but also from the region. The new radiocarbon dates, coupled with the chronological framework reconstructed so far, allows a parsimonious recognition of a westward movement of human populations (from the eastern Messina province to the Egadi, on the west). The time of the first spread of human groups on Sicily has to be considered as a consequence of the rapid demographic increase that has been registered in Southern Italy, since the early stages of the Late Epigravettian, and can be related to the amelioration of local environmental conditions in both areas.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02223-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The evolution of European cranial morphology: From the Upper Paleolithic to the Late Eneolithic steppe invasions 欧洲人颅骨形态的演变：从旧石器时代晚期到新石器时代晚期的草原入侵

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-22 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02207-5

Pavel Grasgruber

{"title":"The evolution of European cranial morphology: From the Upper Paleolithic to the Late Eneolithic steppe invasions","authors":"Pavel Grasgruber","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02207-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02207-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The purpose of this work was a comprehensive overview of the development of cranial morphology in prehistoric Europe, spanning the period from the Upper Paleolithic to the genetic turnovers associated with the Indo-European migrations from the East European steppes (~ 2000 cal. BC). A total of 103 prehistoric samples with > 3900 male skulls were divided into six periods and statistically compared using 22 cranial values (11 raw craniometric measurements and 11 indices). This analysis shows that the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods were characterized by a predominance of robust, broad-faced morphology that was changing only slowly over time. As late as after the onset of the Neolithic (6000 cal. BC) did morphological diversity increase in the form of the more gracile, narrow-faced crania of Anatolian farmers. The sharp contrast between these two morphotypes persisted throughout the Neolithic and Eneolithic (6000–3000 cal. BC), when the autochthonous European populations were gradually pushed into the peripheral regions of Northern and Eastern Europe. The most significant changes in the European cranial form occurred between 3000–2000 cal. BC, when East European steppe pastoralists stemming from the Jamnaja culture genetically overwhelmed farming groups in the rest of the continent. As a result of subsequent admixture and strong founder events, two very distinct, morphologically antagonistic populations emerged: The ultradolichocephalic associated with the Corded Ware culture and the brachycephalic associated with the Bell Beaker culture. In general, the ancient European morphologies predating 2000 cal. BC only partially overlap with the recent populations of Europe and are more diverse, which indicates a lack of continuity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02207-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Controlling Levallois: the effect of hammer angle of blow on Levallois flake morphology and fracture trajectory 控制勒瓦鲁斯：锤击角度对勒瓦鲁斯薄片形貌和断裂轨迹的影响

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02222-6

Sam C. Lin, Matthew McNaughton, Amy Innes, Cecilia Barroso-Medina, Chris Clarkson

{"title":"Controlling Levallois: the effect of hammer angle of blow on Levallois flake morphology and fracture trajectory","authors":"Sam C. Lin, Matthew McNaughton, Amy Innes, Cecilia Barroso-Medina, Chris Clarkson","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02222-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02222-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Discussions of the Levallois method typically focus on the preparation of the core surface geometry as the primary factor in determining the characteristics of Levallois products. While some studies have acknowledged the role of knapping gestures, there is still limited empirical investigation into how different force application parameters influence the formation of these flakes. This study presents the results from a set of controlled experiments designed to assess the effect of hammer striking angle on the morphology and fracture trajectory of preferential Levallois flakes. By using standardised glass cores with surface morphologies that replicate those of a flintknapped Levallois core, the findings show that variations in the hammer angle of blow significantly alter the direction of fracture propagation through the core. These changes affect how fractures intersect with the core surface convexities, ultimately impacting the size and shape of the detached flakes. The results challenge existing models of conchoidal fracture and highlight the key role that force application variables play in controlling Levallois flaking outcomes. This study has important implications for interpreting the Levallois method in the archaeological record, emphasising the need for further research on the variability of hammer angle of blow in Levallois flake assemblages.</p>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-025-02222-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143852557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From shore to land: a comparative isotopic study of Neolithic dietary practices in coastal and inland Croatia 从海岸到陆地：克罗地亚沿海和内陆地区新石器时代饮食习惯的比较同位素研究

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-17 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02219-1

Valentina Martinoia, Mario Novak, Ivor Janković, Dinko Tresić Pavičić, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Darko Komšo, Dženi Los, Goran Tomac, Dragana Rajković, Siniša Radović, Michael Richards

{"title":"From shore to land: a comparative isotopic study of Neolithic dietary practices in coastal and inland Croatia","authors":"Valentina Martinoia, Mario Novak, Ivor Janković, Dinko Tresić Pavičić, Maja Krznarić Škrivanko, Darko Komšo, Dženi Los, Goran Tomac, Dragana Rajković, Siniša Radović, Michael Richards","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02219-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02219-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The territory of present-day Croatia, spanning the Western Balkans and Adriatic Sea, was a key corridor for the Neolithic spread into Europe via two main routes: a maritime path along the Adriatic coast and a continental route through the Central Balkans and Pannonian Plain. Adaptation to local climatic and cultural conditions reinforced distinct inland and coastal cultural traditions. However, to date few studies have systematically examined the dietary practices of Neolithic populations in both inland and coastal areas, leaving questions about continuity or divergence in resource use unresolved. This study offers one of the most extensive isotopic analyses of the Neolithic period in the territory of present-day Croatia, examining 78 human (adult and subadult) and 46 faunal remains from eight Early, Middle, and Middle/Late Neolithic sites in coastal (Istria) and inland (Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Syrmia counties) regions. Using δ<sup>13</sup>C, δ<sup>15</sup>N, and δ<sup>34</sup>S isotope analyses, our findings reveal no significant differences in human subsistence strategies over time or between coastal and inland sites. Diets were primarily based on C<sub>3</sub> plants and terrestrial animals. Notably, most ovicaprids from our sample exhibit higher δ<sup>15</sup>N values than other herbivores from the sample, possibly reflecting distinct feeding or husbandry practices. This study enhances understanding of Neolithic dietary patterns in Croatia, shedding light on how agricultural practices were adopted and adapted in this region and contributing to broader discussions on the spread of the Neolithic across Southeastern Europe.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Born in a brothel: new perspectives on childcare with medieval sex workers 出生在妓院：中世纪性工作者照顾孩子的新视角

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02218-2

Maxime Poulain, Céline Bon, Jessica Palmer

引用次数: 0

Effects of ketogenic diet on rat bone δ13C values and their implications for dietary reconstruction studies 生酮饮食对大鼠骨δ13C值的影响及其对饮食重建研究的意义

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02212-8

Kimberly L. Robertson, John Krigbaum

{"title":"Effects of ketogenic diet on rat bone δ13C values and their implications for dietary reconstruction studies","authors":"Kimberly L. Robertson, John Krigbaum","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02212-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02212-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Few controlled feeding experiments have investigated the degree to which dietary lipids contribute carbon to structural tissues and influence isotopic signatures, and most studies have focused on soft tissues. This study utilizes a rodent model to examine the effects of a ketogenic diet (high fat, low carbohydrate) on the δ<sup>13</sup>C values derived from bone tissue (bone collagen and bone apatite). Femora were opportunistically harvested upon conclusion of an unrelated study, where adult rats had received either ketogenic diet (KD) or a micronutrient, protein, and calorie-matched standard diet (SD) for 6 months. Bone samples were prepared for stable isotope ratio analysis and δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>collagen</sub>, δ<sup>15</sup>N<sub>collagen</sub>, δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>apatite</sub>, and Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>apatite−collagen</sub> values were determined. Observed differences in δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>collagen</sub> values between KD and SD groups indicate significant assimilation of lipid-derived carbon among the KD animals. KD-fed rats recorded lower δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>apatite</sub> values and smaller Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>apatite−collagen</sub> values than those fed the SD, reflecting the respective dietary energy macronutrient profiles. Incomplete equilibration with the experimental diets precluded determination of Δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>apatite−diet</sub> values, and possible group differences in isotopic discrimination associated with the metabolic shift from glycolysis to ketosis among the KD rats could not be evaluated. Experimental outcomes highlight the influence of dietary lipids on metabolic routing and suggest that sampling bone collagen alone could lead to inaccurate dietary interpretations among past human populations where access to carbohydrates was limited and lipids supplied the majority of daily energy needs. Implications for stable isotope analysis (SIA) and dietary reconstruction studies based on archaeological and neontological materials are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The production of bronze wares of the Changsha State in the Western Han Dynasty——a case study of the Fengpengling-Taohualing Cemetery in Changsha, Hunan Province 西汉长沙国青铜器的生产——以湖南长沙丰蓬岭-桃花岭陵园为例

IF 2.1 2区地球科学

Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02211-9

Pingping Hu, Yanjie Wang, Guofeng Wei, Ze Mo, Chengguang Jiang, Fude Xia

{"title":"The production of bronze wares of the Changsha State in the Western Han Dynasty——a case study of the Fengpengling-Taohualing Cemetery in Changsha, Hunan Province","authors":"Pingping Hu, Yanjie Wang, Guofeng Wei, Ze Mo, Chengguang Jiang, Fude Xia","doi":"10.1007/s12520-025-02211-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-025-02211-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper takes the bronze wares excavated from the Fengpengling-Taohualing Cemetery in Changsha City, Hunan Province, as the research materials. Through scientific and technological analyses of their alloy composition, metallographic organization and lead isotopes, it discusses the production and mineral sources of bronze wares in the Changsha State of the Western Han Dynasty. The compositional analysis shows that the bronze wares excavated from the Changsha Fengpengling-Taohualing Cemetery are mainly lead–tin bronze and tin bronze, which are characterized by the alloy technology of high copper, low tin and low lead. All of the bronzes present cast structures, and some of the bronzes show signs of heat after casting, while no hot forged bronzes are seen. The lead isotope results show that the sources of copper ore in Changsha State in the Western Han Dynasty were diversified, with the Xiaoqinling-Yuxi being the most important source, and the Nanling and the Edong-Ganbei regions also being important supplements. After the middle and late Western Han, although the central government centralized the manufacture and distribution of bronze wares, its control over the local fiefdoms may not have been as strict as imagined. The bronze production of local feudal states should still have had a certain degree of autonomy of choice under the unified management of the central government. The Changsha State in Western Han Dynasty may have had its own independent bronze production workshops, with a wide variety of bronze wares and well-developed manufacturing techniques.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143818244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0