Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Influence of pacific decadal oscillation on decadal precipitation variation over the Yellow River Basin","authors":"Tingting Ma,&nbsp;Xiaodan Guan,&nbsp;Xiang Zuo,&nbsp;Shi Jin,&nbsp;Pengbo Da","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108521","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108521","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precipitation in the Yellow River Basin (YRB) shows contrasting decadal changes from 1961 to 2022, with the northern part becoming drier and the southern part becoming wetter. Based on ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method, this study finds that the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) is a key moderator of the decadal variability of precipitation across the YRB. Specifically, precipitation decreases significantly over most parts of the YRB during positive PDO phase, while it increases during negative phase. Further studies revealed that this distribution is closely related to water vapor transport and atmospheric circulation. During the positive PDO phase, the core of the westerly jet (20°N-60°N, 80°E-160°E) is located over the northwest of the YRB, generating a cyclonic circulation at its southeastern periphery. Meanwhile, the water vapor is dominated by divergence, resulting in insufficient water vapor conditions. This configuration inhibits upward movement and suppresses precipitation in the basin. In contrast, during the negative phase of the PDO, the westerly jet receded to the west and weakened, resulting in increased transport of warm moist air from the ocean to the YRB. Multi-model simulation results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) show that the decadal trends of precipitation in the YRB show opposite patterns during the positive and negative phases of the PDO. The YRB precipitation phase reverses under the SSP585 scenario with respect to the historical period, the SSP126, and SSP245 scenarios, which has a profound impact on the future socio-economic development of the YRB. This study provides new insights into the physical drivers of decadal precipitation variability over the YRB, offering a valuable reference for improving future climate projections and regional water resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108521"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term trends in global land aerosol optical depth and teleconnection with sea surface temperature during 2000–2023","authors":"Yu Ding ,&nbsp;Jiaxin Dong ,&nbsp;Shiyao Meng ,&nbsp;Mengfan Teng ,&nbsp;Jie Yang ,&nbsp;Siwei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108496","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108496","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the variability of global land aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its teleconnection with sea surface temperature (SST) is essential for assessing aerosol–climate interactions. This study developed a high-resolution (0.05°), gap-free daily AOD dataset for 2000–2023 by integrating MAIAC AOD retrievals with meteorological, reanalysis, and geographical predictors using a CatBoost model. Validation against independent AERONET observations shows good agreement (R² = 0.72, RMSE = 0.09), with significantly improved spatial completeness compared to reanalysis products. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis indicates that the leading mode exhibits predominantly positive loadings over most global land areas, with the strongest signals in Northern Hemisphere mid- and high latitudes. The associated temporal evolution shows a shift from above-average AOD in the early 2000s to below-average levels after the mid-2010s, consistent with widespread AOD declines reported since the early 2000s and most pronounced in high-loading regions. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) analysis between monthly land AOD and SST reveals that the leading coupled mode (36.28 % covariance) is characterized by persistent SST warming and a marked reduction in AOD over major emission regions since the early 2010s, while subsequent modes capture interannual signals related to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) as well as decadal-scale patterns. These findings provide new evidence of large-scale SST–AOD covariability and offer a basis for exploring potential physical linkages, contributing to improved representation of aerosol–climate interactions in coupled models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108496"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of tall building top geometry effects on the lightning leader attachment process","authors":"Feng Jianwei ,&nbsp;Zhao Yubin ,&nbsp;Wu Bin ,&nbsp;Guo Xiufeng ,&nbsp;Gao Yue ,&nbsp;Zhao Nian ,&nbsp;Zheng Yuhang ,&nbsp;Zhang He ,&nbsp;Wang Zhaoxia ,&nbsp;Zhang Ling","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The geometric configuration of building rooftops considerably influences the lightning leader attachment process. However, observational and modeling studies on how rooftop geometries affect this process remain limited, particularly regarding the combined impacts of building height and lightning peak current on striking distances across diverse rooftop designs. To address this gap, a physics-based lightning strike model for tall buildings was developed based on an established three-dimensional variable grid upward leader initiation model. The model incorporated the attachment process between upward and downward leaders. Four representative rooftop geometries were systematically analyzed: flat-top, sloped roof, cuboid-tower, and cylindrical-tower configurations. The results revealed two critical trends: <span><span>Qie et al. (2024)</span></span> (1) Striking distances decrease as rooftop geometries approximate flat-top profiles, whereas rod-like configurations exhibit increased striking distances; <span><span>Xiao et al. (2023)</span></span> (2) For sloped roofs, those with a vertex angle exceeding 45° exhibit striking distance characteristics similar to flat-top structures under varying peak currents, whereas steeper slopes behave more like rod-type roofs. Empirical correlations between striking distance (D) and peak current (<em>I</em>p) are derived for 100 m structures: <em>D</em> = 2.27 × <em>I</em>_P^0.92 (flat-top) and <em>D</em> = 4.29 × <em>I</em>_P^0.80 (rod-type). Furthermore, two universal patterns emerged: (a) Striking distances and upward leader lengths increase proportionally with building height across all geometries; (b) Rooftop geometry exerts a stronger influence on the attachment process at lower peak currents (20 kA), with diminishing effects at higher peak currents (60 kA). These findings provide quantitative guidelines for optimizing lightning protection systems in architecturally complex structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108519"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of freezing precipitation climatology in the Far East using ERA5 reanalysis","authors":"Irina Gurvich,&nbsp;Mikhail Pichugin,&nbsp;Anastasiya Baranyuk,&nbsp;Elena Khazanova","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108498","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108498","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Freezing precipitation (rain and drizzle) is a complex atmospheric phenomenon with severe impacts on transport, energy and infrastructure. This paper presents the first comprehensive study of freezing precipitation climatology in the Far East for a 30-year period (1994–2024) using the ERA5 reanalysis data set. The wide spatial coverage (25–65°N, 110–150°E) and the application of regional diagnostic algorithms for the detection of freezing precipitation provided valuable information on their frequency variability, areas of high activity, and the temporal characteristics of their distribution. It was found that: the maximum activity of freezing precipitation is observed in the southeastern China and on the northwestern coast of the Sea of Okhotsk (up to 13 h/season); freezing precipitation in the Far East is characterized by pronounced seasonal variability. In autumn, freezing precipitation is concentrated in two latitudinal zones (46–50°N and 39–44°N), in winter it prevails in China, and in spring it shifts to the northern regions and island territories (Sakhalin and Hokkaido). The key result is the detection of an autumn “southern shift” of the increased freezing precipitation activity area in the third decade (2014–2024). The composite analysis showed that this change was accompanied by a displacement of the cyclonic activity area 600–700 km to the south and a strengthening of the tropospheric circulation meridionality. The results obtained are of important practical significance for forecasting extreme weather events and assessing climate risks in the Far East. The research highlights the need for a further study of the impact of global warming on the spatial and temporal distribution of freezing precipitation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108498"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of preceding winter sea surface temperature on the spring smoke aerosol dipole over the Indochina Peninsula","authors":"Yurun Liu ,&nbsp;Ke Gui ,&nbsp;Quanliang Chen ,&nbsp;Liangliang Feng ,&nbsp;Hengheng Zhao ,&nbsp;Ruowen Yang ,&nbsp;Huizheng Che","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Smoke aerosols from biomass burning (BB) in the Indochina Peninsula (ICP) constitute a globally significant source of absorptive aerosols, substantially impacting regional climate and air quality. Over the past four decades, the second dominant mode of spring smoke aerosol distribution over the ICP has exhibited a characteristic north-south dipole pattern. To investigate its driving mechanisms, this study analyzes smoke aerosols and meteorological variables using climate statistics (1980–2024), with a focus on interactions among sea surface temperature (SST), atmospheric circulation, and smoke absorptive aerosol optical depth (SAAOD). Results demonstrate high sensitivity of the SAAOD dipole to meteorological conditions: positive SAAOD anomalies in the northern ICP correspond to decreased humidity, elevated temperatures, and reduced precipitation, while negative anomalies in the southern ICP correlate with increased humidity, enhanced upward motion, and greater precipitation. Singular value decomposition (SVD) analysis reveals a significant correlation (correlation coefficient = 0.41) between the interannual variability of the SAAOD dipole and preceding winter SST anomalies in the Arabian Sea (AS), Bay of Bengal (BOB), and South China Sea (SCS). Mechanistically, warm SST anomalies in these regions drive anomalously strong equatorial westerlies, triggering a coupled cyclone system spanning the BOB and SCS. Convergence of BOB-derived westerly moisture and SCS-derived easterly moisture over the southern ICP fuels intense convection and high precipitation, suppressing BB. Moreover, warm SST anomalies induce a meridional overturning circulation, causing downdrafts over the northern ICP. The anomalous cyclone over the SCS enhances transport of dry continental northeasterlies to the northern ICP. These winds warm the leeward slopes of the Yungui Plateau, generating localized hot, dry conditions conducive to BB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108513"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of ERA5 boundary layer height against radiosonde measurements: Regional drivers, spatiotemporal variability, and trends over the Indian Monsoon Region","authors":"Hemanth Kumar Alladi ,&nbsp;A. Sandeep ,&nbsp;Prasad P. ,&nbsp;Balasundhar Bv","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108511","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108511","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) plays crucial role in regulating the land-atmosphere interactions and the accurate estimation of its height (BLH) plays vital role in different meteorological applications. This study evaluates the performance and reliability of ERA-5 reanalysis dataset in estimating the BLH against the radiosonde derived BLH across 24 different stations in India during the period 2006 to 2020. The BLH from radiosondes was derived using multiple methods, with the Potential Temperature Gradient method (PT) showing the best agreement with ERA-5 estimates. Results indicate that ERA-5 generally underestimates the BLH, with a bias ranging between ∼0.2 to 0.5 km and regional correlation values from ∼0.32 to 0.81. Our analysis also revealed pronounced seasonal biases across different regions with largest discrepancies occurring during the Northeast Monsoon (NEM), followed by the Southwest Monsoon (SWM), summer (SUM), and winter. The influence and the relative contribution of the surface drivers on the BLH across different regions are investigated. Our analysis revealed that the thermal and moisture related factors have greater influence on the BLH over dry arid regions like NW and wet regions (NE) respectively. Seasonal and regional analysis reveals deeper ABL's during the pre-monsoon season with values ranging from ∼1.2 to ∼3.2 km and shallower ABL's registered during the winter season with values ranges from ∼0.5 to ∼1.4 km. Additionally, Central India (CI) and Northwest India (South India (SI) and Northeast India (NEI)) recorded deeper (shallower) ABL's during the study period. Trend results suggest that, the SI and NWI show positive increasing trend with values ranging between 0.12 and 3 m/year during the study period, whilst the CI and NI show negative decreasing trend of approximately −0.13-1.2 m/year. These findings affirm the utility of ERA-5 for ABL studies over India, while emphasizing the need for regional bias corrections and further exploration of land–atmosphere feedbacks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108511"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145181274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aircraft observations of aerosols during a haze pollution in the North China Plain: Spatial-temporal distribution, vertical distribution and physicochemical characteristics","authors":"Yue Chen ,&nbsp;Yue Ke ,&nbsp;Honglei Wang ,&nbsp;Zirui Liu ,&nbsp;Mengyu Huang ,&nbsp;Dantong Liu ,&nbsp;Tianliang Zhao ,&nbsp;Deyu Liu ,&nbsp;Zihan Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Cui ,&nbsp;Zihao Wu ,&nbsp;Delong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108493","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108493","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric aerosols serve as critical drivers of haze pollution formation through bidirectional feedback mechanisms with planetary boundary layer (PBL) structure. Here, ground and aircraft observations from a severe haze pollution event in the North China Plain (NCP) in 2016 were analyzed to study the spatial and temporal distribution, as well as the vertical distribution and evolutionary characteristics of aerosols. Results suggested that PM_2.5 in the haze pollution gradually accumulated through three outbreak phases (OB) and three maintenance phases (MT). A unimodal distribution was observed from ground-based observations of aerosol number concentration (N_a), revealing the different formation and evolution characteristics of haze pollution across different pollution phases. Notably, NO₃⁻ drove the accumulation of pollution while SO₄²⁻ drove the maintenance. The aircraft observations data showed that the influence height of haze pollution varied at different phase, which were 850 m (OB1), 1450 m (OB2), 2200 m (early MT2) and 1500 m (late MT2). The proportion of NO₃⁻ decreased above influence height during OB1 and OB2, whereas that of SO₄²⁻ exhibited the opposite trend. Compared with OB phases, the contributions of NO₃⁻ and SO₄²⁻ significantly increased below influence height during MT2, whereas the contribution of Org decreased. N_a of OB phases initially increased and then decreased with height below influence height, while during the MT phase, it exhibited a significant decreasing trend with height. The spectra distribution of N_a was similar at different altitudes and phases, but the differences increased gradually with altitude. A narrow spectral width was found during late MT2 at 2000 m, the backward trajectory analysis showed that air masses from long-distance transport over Mongolia may be a main cause.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108493"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A GNSS PWV filling and short-term forecasting framework fused hybrid neural network","authors":"Haojie Li ,&nbsp;Qingzhi Zhao ,&nbsp;Hongwu Guo ,&nbsp;Zufeng Li ,&nbsp;Yongjie Ma ,&nbsp;Yibin Yao ,&nbsp;Jinfang Yin ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhai ,&nbsp;Hong Liang ,&nbsp;Zhaohui Xiong","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108508","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108508","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long time series of precipitable water vapor (PWV) derived from the global navigation satellite system (GNSS) provides valuable information about atmospheric water vapor. However, existing long time series of PWV exhibits considerable data missing, and the short-term forecasting of PWV is insufficiently investigated, which becomes the focus of this paper. Accordingly, a hybrid driving framework is developed based on physical constraints and neural networks (PWV-FSFnet) utilizing GNSS PWV and meteorological (MET) data. This framework is used for long-time-series PWV filling and short-term PWV forecasting. In this framework, the long-time-series PWV filling model is first proposed by combining the linear and nonlinear variations of PWV and the relationship between PWV and MET parameters. Moreover, a short-term forecast model of PWV is developed by combining convolutional neural network and long short-term memory to predict the PWV of the next 1–6H, which considers the spatio-temporal relationship between PWV and multiple MET parameters. The experiment is performed in Mainland China using 957 GNSS stations, 1614 MET stations, and 87 radiosonde stations over the period of 2017–2024. Statistical results show that the PWV-FSFnet framework enables high-quality filling of long-time-series PWV with average RMS of 1.45 and 2.52 mm for internal and external accuracy, respectively. In addition, PWV-FSFnet demonstrates strong robustness in predicting PWV across different seasons, months, PWV levels, and climate regions, and the average RMS of hourly PWV forecasts is only 2.72 mm. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed PWV-FSFnet framework in filling and forecasting PWV, highlighting its strong application potential in GNSS meteorology.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108508"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of cloud microphysics to aircraft-based glaciogenic seeding of supercooled clouds in North China","authors":"Xiaobo Dong ,&nbsp;Baojun Chen ,&nbsp;Jing Yang ,&nbsp;Rong Mai","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Utilizing airborne measurements to investigate the response of microphysics to glaciogenic cloud seeding is instrumental in understanding and evaluating the seeding effect. In this study, the changes in microphysical characteristics of a supercooled liquid cloud induced by aircraft-based cloud seeding is analyzed. The data was collect in North China on Dec. 12, 2023, by using an S-band ground-based weather radar and airborne in-situ measurements. The results show that after cloud seeding, the cloud droplet number concentration and the supercooled liquid water content decreased by 48.5 % and 28.5 %, respectively, while the ice crystal number concentration increased from 0 to 100.8 L⁻¹ on average, leading to a significant broadening of the ice particle spectrum. The ground-based weather radar observed distinct radar echo bands after the cloud seeding was completed. The enhanced radar reflectivity lasted for approximately 30 min before dissipation. A comparative analysis of five previous aircraft-based glaciogenic cloud seeding experiments in the same region revealed that the cloud seeding effect is sensitive to seeding-level temperature, cloud droplet number concentration, and supercooled liquid water content.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108502"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observational study of atmospheric boundary layer height in Hong Kong based on 20-year multi-source measurements","authors":"Yu-Cheng Xue ,&nbsp;Jun-Yi He ,&nbsp;Pak-Wai Chan ,&nbsp;Qiu-Sheng Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108499","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108499","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating atmospheric boundary layer height (ABLH) holds significant value for the understanding and numerical simulations of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL). Based on the 20 years (2003−2022) of radiosonde data and 10 years (2013−2022) of microwave radiometer observations, this study applied two methods to determine the ABLH and comprehensively investigated the ABLH characteristics over Hong Kong, a densely populated subtropical city strongly influenced by tropical cyclones (TC). The analysis includes the interannual and seasonal variability of ABLH, as well as its relationships with atmospheric stability and wind shear exponent (WSE) under both TC and non-tropical cyclone (NTC) conditions. The results indicate higher ABLH in summer and autumn compared to spring and winter, and higher ABLH under weakly unstable boundary layer conditions. Nevertheless, the interannual variation in the ABLH is insignificant. Notably, the relationships between ABLH, atmospheric stability, and WSE exhibit distinct differences under TC and NTC conditions. It is revealed that on NTC days, the ABLH increases with the WSE under neutral or weakly stable stratification, while this increase is not significant during TC days due to turbulence saturation. The findings of this study are expected to enhance the understanding of ABL dynamics and provide scientific insights for wind energy assessment, urban pollutant dispersion modeling, and thermal comfort evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108499"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}