Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"The effect of continental aerosols on cloud-rain transition processes in winter based on aircraft observations","authors":"Shuo Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Zhang ,&nbsp;Dianguo Zhang ,&nbsp;Guangzhi Ren ,&nbsp;Wenjun Li ,&nbsp;Liang Xu ,&nbsp;Guochen Wang ,&nbsp;Weijun Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107749","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107749","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To comprehend how continental aerosols influence the cloud-to-rain transition process, we deployed a series of airborne observation devices combined with a single-particle aerosol sampler to conduct aircraft-based cloud penetration observations. Our study yielded patterns of cloud droplet growth and the effective radius of cloud droplets. We conducted an in-depth analysis of the condensation and collision-coalescence of cloud droplets impacting aerosol particle size. Employing a fitting approach, we modeled the concentration of cloud droplets as a function of cloud droplet spectral dispersion under the influence of continental aerosols. Subsequently, we elucidated the physicochemical properties of continental aerosols at high altitudes and assessed the indirect radiative forcing of aerosols based on their dispersion degrees. These findings reveal that cloud droplets in the cloud underwent successive processes of condensation, collision-coalescence, and evaporation, resulting in a concomitant increase in the sizes of corresponding aerosols. The dispersion of cloud droplet spectra decreased with an increased concentration of cloud droplet numbers. This trend is associated with the impact of dispersion on the indirect radiative forcing of aerosols. We found that an 11 % increase in the indirect radiative forcing of aerosols was attributable to the dispersion effect. This underscores the complex interplay among aerosol characteristics, cloud microphysics, and radiative forcing, providing valuable insights into the mechanisms of the cloud-to-rain transition process under the influence of continental aerosols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107749"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liquid cloud drop effective radius over China: A 20-year MODIS-based assessment","authors":"Xiaolin Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuanzhi Wang ,&nbsp;Yele Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaojing Shen ,&nbsp;Huizheng Che ,&nbsp;Thomas Choularton","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107750","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107750","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Clouds are one of the most significant and uncertain components in weather forecasting and climate prediction. The 20-year detailed liquid water cloud effective radius (CER) over China from 2001 to 2020 are systematically studied based on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer cloud products. The spatial distributions of CER show slight alterations of seasonal patterns of changes over China during 2001–2020. The monthly mean CER values over China vary from 12.7 μm in November to nearly 14.4 μm in July. The summer season has the largest average CER, followed by spring and winter, while autumn exhibits relatively lower CER levels over China. The mean CER values during 2001–2020 are found to be 14.7, 11.8 and 13.0 μm over the Tibetan Plateau, inland and coastal regions of China, respectively. High CERs in spring and winter are seen in the Tibet Plateau, whereas the reverse is true over the inland and coastal regions. The impacts of precipitable water vapor (PWV) and aerosol optical depth on the CER over China are complex, whereas the correlations between CER and PWV can be generally expressed by a two-stage linear fitting, showing distinct turning points in different seasons and regions. The CER over different regions of China shows an increase with enhanced PWV under low or high water vapor conditions as opposed to an increase of CER under moderate water vapor levels. Our study indicates a high CER in the Tibet Plateau and low over the Sichuan Basin, and significantly distinct impact of PWV on the CER in the Tibet Plateau.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107750"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fog types frequency and their collectable water potential in the Atacama Desert","authors":"K. Keim-Vera ,&nbsp;F. Lobos-Roco ,&nbsp;I. Aguirre ,&nbsp;C. Merino ,&nbsp;C. del Río","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107747","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107747","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fog is a widespread phenomenon in the coastal Atacama Desert. Within this region, three types of fog have been described: advective, orographic, and radiative. However, there remains a lack of quantification regarding their frequencies, the physical mechanisms responsible for their formation, and their contribution to fog water collection. Our research quantifies for the first time in the Atacama Desert the frequency of each fog type, the physical conditions conducive to their formation, and their potential for water collection. Using high temporal resolution (10 min) GOES satellite imagery, we define geographical criteria related to the regular area of presence of different types of fogs that allowed us to analyze their frequencies at multiple time scales. Our results reveal that advective fog accounts for ∼76 % of total fog events, with orographic fog ∼22 % and radiative fog ∼2 %. The main physical mechanisms driving advective and orographic fog formation are the sea surface temperature and the thermal inversion layer, whereas for radiative fog formation, it is mainly controlled by the marine boundary layer height. On a monthly scale, advective fog contributes to 60 % of water collection, while orographic fog accounts for 40 %. At the diurnal scale, orographic fog has a higher collection rate per hour. This inversion is influenced by local-scale variables such as wind speed, which plays a crucial role in water collection on a diurnal scale, enhancing orographic fog formation and its relative contribution during afternoon hours. Our research enhances the understanding of fog as a spatial-meteorological phenomenon and a potential water resource, offering a straightforward methodology for classifying fog types in coastal arid regions worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107747"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of radar radial velocity data assimilation using variational and EnKF systems on the forecast of Super Typhoon Hato (2017) with Rapid Intensification","authors":"Dongmei Xu ,&nbsp;Jiajun Chen ,&nbsp;Hong Li ,&nbsp;Feifei Shen ,&nbsp;Zhixin He","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107748","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107748","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The prediction of the Rapid Intensification (RI) of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) is challenging in the nearshore areas of the northern South China Sea. In this study, we investigated the impact of radar Radial Velocity (RV) Data Assimilation (DA) on the initiation, development, and forecasts of the severe Typhoon Hato (2017), which is featured with rapid movement and intensifications. The investigation was based on rapid update cycling schemes based on variational and Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) analyses by assimilating radar RV and conventional observations. Two EnKF DA experiments are designed to compare the horizontal localization scheme. It is found that, compared to the variational DA experiment, the two EnKF DA experiments tend to improve the dynamic and thermodynamic information of typhoon in the background more effectively, with the background error covariance estimated by the ensemble sampling. It seems the EnKF analyses based on the Successive Covariance Localization (SCL) method is able to more effectively adjust multiple scales even when the inner core of Hato is not completely covered by the RV observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107748"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Legacy of aerosol radiative effect predominates daytime dust loading evolution","authors":"Xiaoyan Zhang ,&nbsp;Haishan Chen ,&nbsp;Xiyan Xu ,&nbsp;Xiao-Ming Hu ,&nbsp;Lan Gao ,&nbsp;Gensuo Jia","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107735","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107735","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dust radiative effect imposes pronounced perturbations on planetary boundary layer (PBL) development. In turn, the modified PBL characteristics and circulation fields regulate subsequent dust processes, which have not been explored sufficiently. In this study, parallel experiments are designed to isolate the instant, legacy and nonlinear impacts of aerosol radiative effect on daytime dust storm evolution over the Tarim Basin. During a typical dust storm event, legacy radiative effect is found to dominate dust loading dynamics and modulates mean dust burden by more than 16 % in the central basin and − 41 % in the marginal basin. Specifically, the dust column concentration increases in central regions but decreases in marginal regions. Dust aerosols cause opposite heating rate distributions and PBL structure between the central and marginal regions through altering radiative balance. Dust-induced cooling effect in the marginal regions leads to PBL suppression and attenuates entrainment mixing. Negative net heating also results in lowered potential temperature, elevated air pressure and thus increases their horizontal gradients. Accordingly, wind speeds are amplified through geostrophic and thermal wind effects, which further accelerate deposition rates, and eventually weaken dust suspension. In the central basin, dust plumes stimulate a warm mixing layer and unstable entrainment zone, which inhibit dry deposition removal and favor dust accumulation in the atmosphere. Our study highlights the importance of accounting PBL dynamics and geostrophic balance in quantifying the impacts of preceding radiative effect on subsequent dust evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107735"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142554817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale assessment of high-resolution reanalysis precipitation fields over Italy","authors":"Francesco Cavalleri ,&nbsp;Cristian Lussana ,&nbsp;Francesca Viterbo ,&nbsp;Michele Brunetti ,&nbsp;Riccardo Bonanno ,&nbsp;Veronica Manara ,&nbsp;Matteo Lacavalla ,&nbsp;Simone Sperati ,&nbsp;Mario Raffa ,&nbsp;Valerio Capecchi ,&nbsp;Davide Cesari ,&nbsp;Antonio Giordani ,&nbsp;Ines Maria Luisa Cerenzia ,&nbsp;Maurizio Maugeri","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107734","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107734","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on the validation of high-resolution regional reanalyses to understand their effectiveness in reproducing precipitation patterns over Italy, a climate change hotspot characterized by coastal sea-land interaction and complex orography. Nine reanalysis products were evaluated, with the ECMWF global reanalysis ERA5 serving as a benchmark. These included both European (COSMO-REA6, CERRA) and Italy-specific (BOLAM, MERIDA, MERIDA-HRES, MOLOCH, SPHERA, VHR-REA_IT) datasets, using different models and parametrizations. The inter-comparison involved determining the effective resolution of daily precipitation fields using wavelet techniques and assessing intense precipitation statistics through frequency distributions. In-situ observations and observational gridded datasets were used to independently validate reanalysis precipitation fields. The capability of reanalyses to depict daily precipitation patterns was assessed, highlighting a maximum radius of precipitation misplacement of about 15 km, with notably lower skills during summer. An overall overestimation of precipitation was identified in the reanalysis climatological fields over the Po Valley and the Alps, whereas multiple products showed an underestimation of precipitations across the North-West coast, the Apennines, and Southern Italy. Finally, a comparison with a time-consistent observational dataset (UniMi/ISAC-CNR) revealed a non-stable deviation from observations in the annual precipitation cumulate of the reanalysis products analyzed. This should be taken into account when interpreting precipitation trends over Italy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107734"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142661367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversity of 10–20-day propagation of genesis potential index and its roles in tropical cyclogenesis over the South China Sea","authors":"Kunyi Yu ,&nbsp;Yunting Qiao ,&nbsp;Ruidan Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107737","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107737","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The genesis potential index (GPI) is used to quantify the major large-scale environmental parameters associated with tropical cyclogenesis (TCG). It is demonstrated that the 10–20-day GPI dominates the intraseasonal variability of the GPI over the South China Sea (SCS) from June to September during 1979–2021. The spatiotemporal evolutions of the 10–20-day GPI in the TCG processes show distinct diverse characteristics. Through extended empirical orthogonal function (EEOF) analysis and spatial correlation coefficients, the 10–20-day GPI propagation characteristics of the TCG processes are mainly classified into 3 categories: WN-Pattern, N-Pattern, and W-Pattern. The WN-Pattern originates from the tropical western North Pacific (WNP), then gradually intensifies and propagates northwestward to the northern SCS. The N-Pattern moves northward from Indonesia to the central-northern SCS and distinctly strengthens from 2 days before the cyclogenesis. The W-Pattern features westward propagation from the subtropical WNP to the northern SCS. These three propagation patterns correspond to the respective locations of SCS TCG. In the GPI terms of these three patterns, the low-level absolute vorticity and mid-level relative humidity are considered as the dominant environmental factors. Furthermore, the significant cyclonic circulation anomalies and water vapor flux anomalies are well coordinated with the 10–20-day GPI in all the three patterns, constituting favorable dynamical and thermodynamic conditions for SCS TCG. This study may be beneficial for deeper comprehension of the subseasonal large-scale environmental factors about SCS TCG.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107737"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142572127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of temperature and humidity of air on the concentration of particulate matter - PM2.5 and PM10","authors":"E. Zender-Świercz ,&nbsp;B. Galiszewska ,&nbsp;M. Telejko ,&nbsp;M. Starzomska","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107733","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107733","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Particulate matters accepted as air quality markers are also indicators of the health risk of the population, especially children, because of their increased susceptibility to the quality of the air they breathe. Understanding the correlations between the concentration of particulate matter in the outdoor air and meteorological conditions will help to take steps to reduce pollution and reduce the risk of threats to health and life. For many years, scientists from all over the world have been looking for relationship between the impact of meteorological conditions on the concentration of particulate matter. Despite this, it is still not known whether the relationships will be similar in all locations. Furthermore, there is no agreement among scientists on the direction and strength of the correlation between temperature, humidity, and particulate matter concentrations. The article presents an attempt to link the impact of meteorological conditions on particulate matter concentrations depending on the classification of the area into air quality index in the particulate matter (AQI_PM) category. Three locations with a specific air quality index were included: extremely poor, moderate &amp; fair and good. The research was carried out at nine locations near educational facilities. Four measurement series were carried out for each location. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship with an assumed significance level of 0.05. A research hypothesis was adopted: The correlation between particulate matter and meteorological conditions is different in locations with different AQI_PM. The results obtained clearly show that the relationships between meteorological conditions and the concentration of particulate matter depend on the classification of the area into a specific category of the air quality index. The strongest correlation occurs in the fair &amp; moderate AQI_PM area. In relation to temperature, there is a negative correlation, and in relation to humidity, positive. In the extremely poor AQI_PM area, no relationship was observed between humidity and particulate matter concentration. In the good AQI_PM area, the correlation in relation to temperature was very weak, in relation to humidity, weak.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107733"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal dimension analysis of lightning discharges of various types based on a comprehensive literature review","authors":"Christos Antrias ,&nbsp;Alexios Ioannidis ,&nbsp;Thomas Tsovilis","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, photographic records of natural lightning flashes obtained from high-speed video camera observations are analyzed based on an extensive literature review. The purpose of this work is to estimate the fractal dimension of lightning discharges and to analyze and evaluate the effect of lightning type (downward and upward flashes during their propagation as well as return strokes) and lightning polarity (negative and positive). Three methods of fractal dimension estimation are employed namely the: (i) box-counting, (ii) sandbox, and (iii) correlation method, utilizing algorithms developed in MATLAB software. Appropriate image processing techniques are employed to guarantee precision in fractal dimension estimation. A thorough discussion is conducted by comparing the estimated fractal dimension values with those previously documented in the relevant literature based on field observations. The mean fractal dimension of downward negative leaders for the three methods (1.18, 1.31, 1.38) aligns well with previous studies, while positive downward leaders exhibit lower values (1.08, 1.15, 1.26), denoting a reduced branching behavior; upward leaders demonstrate slightly higher fractal dimensions than downward ones. Additionally, an attempt to correlate the lightning return stroke peak current with the fractal dimension is made. The outcomes of this research may assist in facilitating precise modeling of the lightning attachment phenomenon, thereby contributing to the development of safer lightning protection systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142531981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating radar data assimilation for winter cases using ICON-KENDA system","authors":"Yuefei Zeng ,&nbsp;Kobra Khosravian ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Feng ,&nbsp;Alberto de Lozar ,&nbsp;Ulrich Blahak","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2017, the SINFONY (Seamless INtegrated FOrecastiNg sYstem) project has been under development at the Deutscher Wetterdienst (DWD). It is aimed to provide a seamless ensemble system for early predictions and warnings of severe weather events by combining the nowcasting based on extrapolating observed radar reflectivity and short-term forecasts initiated from the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC) of data assimilation for the convection-permitting ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydtostatic) model. So far, the ICON-RUC setup has been extensively tested for convective summer cases. In this study, a series of sensitivity experiments have been conducted for the winter precipitation, including the choice of microphysics schemes and the Latent Heat Nudging (LHN). Results show that within data assimilation cycles the two-moment scheme outperforms the one-moment scheme, and the LHN has also positive impacts. For the 6-h reflectivity forecasts, the two-moment scheme is clearly better than the one-moment scheme and the added values by using the LHN persist almost 6 h. For the precipitation forecasts, the two-moment scheme also exhibits advantage for the light precipitation, however, for the moderate precipitation, the one-moment scheme prevails. Current results indicate that the two-moment has to be enhanced for the moderate precipitation in winter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"312 ","pages":"Article 107732"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}