Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Irrigation-induced decreases in reference evapotranspiration over the North China Plain","authors":"Guoshuai Liu ,&nbsp;Weiguang Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107798","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107798","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a pivotal factor influencing crop water requirement, reference evapotranspiration (ET₀) plays a crucial role in agricultural water planning and management. Irrigation can exert distinct influences on ET₀ by modifying meteorological conditions through land-atmosphere coupling. While the climatic effects of irrigation in the North China Plain (NCP), the most intensively irrigated area over China, have been explored, the specific impact of irrigation on ET₀ remains unclear. To address this gap, we here employ a regional climate model coupled with a well-validated irrigation scheme to perform idealized simulations to investigate the responding behaviors of ET₀ to irrigation in the NCP from 2005 to 2014. We find that the incorporation of irrigation notably enhances the model performance in modeling ET₀ in the NCP. Irrigation induces an ET₀ decrease of −0.32 mm day⁻¹ (−29.4 mm year⁻¹) in spring and −0.38 mm day⁻¹ (−35.0 mm year⁻¹) in summer and an actual evapotranspiration (ET_a) increase of 0.49 mm day⁻¹ (45.1 mm year⁻¹) in spring and 0.40 mm day⁻¹ (36.8 mm year⁻¹) in summer, respectively. The irrigation-induced changes in ET₀ and ET_a adhere to the complementary principle, which stems from the land-atmosphere coupling. The decline in ET₀ is attributed to decreases in surface air temperature and wind speed, coupled with an increase in relative humidity due to irrigation, with the latter playing a paramount role. Furthermore, irrigation decouples the relationship between precipitation and ET_a and weakens the traditional dependence of ET_a on local precipitation. This study underscores that the related change in ET₀ due to the climate feedbacks of irrigation should be taken into account in agricultural water planning and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107798"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opposite summer precipitation anomalies over the Maritime Continent in fast and slow decaying El Niño cases","authors":"Zhichao Yang ,&nbsp;Chujie Gao ,&nbsp;Gen Li ,&nbsp;Yang Li ,&nbsp;Bei Xu ,&nbsp;Dezhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi Yuan ,&nbsp;Xuanke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Summer precipitation over the Maritime Continent (MC) is tightly connected to livelihoods of the locals, and the corresponding strong convective activities are also crucial to Asian regional climate variations remotely. Using observational and reanalysis data from 1958 to 2020, we found that El Niño with different decay rates can cause different summer precipitation anomalies in the MC area. In the fast decaying (FD) El Niño summer, the MC area shows a precipitation surplus, while the MC precipitation decreases during the slow decaying (SD) El Niño summer. For the FD El Niño, the equatorial central-eastern Pacific warm sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly quickly turns into cold in the decaying summer, while the SST over MC region sustains a warm anomaly owing to the Indo-western Pacific Ocean capacitor effect. This local warm SST anomaly leads to anomalous ascent and then excessive precipitation, further stimulating low-level easterly wind to east of the MC with increased water vapor transport. For the SD El Niño, the central-eastern Pacific warm SST anomaly sustains till the decaying summer, continuously adjusting the Walker circulation. An anomalous local descent motion associated with the weakened Walker circulation region hampers the MC precipitation in summer. Our findings benefit the local researches of the MC summer climate variations, and potentially favor the regional climate predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107814"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142700358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic contribution of soil moisture and sea surface temperature to summer Tibetan Plateau temperature","authors":"Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Ge Liu ,&nbsp;Mingkeng Duan ,&nbsp;Yuhan Feng ,&nbsp;Yuwei Zhou ,&nbsp;Xin Mao ,&nbsp;Xinchen Wei ,&nbsp;Jingxin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau, particularly the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP), experienced extraordinarily high surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies in summer 2022. This study investigated the impact of anomalous soil moisture (SM) on the SAT over the ETP and explored the synergistic effect of SM and sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on the ETP SAT during 1961–2022. It is found that the anomalous SM in the region from the eastern European Plain to the western Siberia Plain (EEP-WSP) remarkably affects the summer SAT over the ETP. Corresponding to lower EEP-WSP SM, the overlying upper-level higher geopotential height appears and stimulates downstream wave train from the EEP-WSP region to ETP, thereby affecting atmospheric circulation and associated SAT anomalies over the ETP. Since warmer SST anomalies in the Barents Sea and Black Sea contribute to the lower EEP-WSP SM anomalies (i.e., drier soil), the EEP-WSP SM can be considered a critical factor in bridging the Barents Sea and Black Sea SST anomalies and the ETP SAT. Moreover, the EEP-WSP SM can independently modulate the ETP SAT even when the effects of the SST anomalies are removed. The variability in the EEP-WSP SM is independent of that in the Yellow-Japan Sea (YJS) SST. Accordingly, the EEP-WSP SM and YJS SST can cooperatively and remarkably adjust the summer SAT over the ETP. The synergistic effect of EEP-WSP SM and YJS SST can regulate the ETP SAT on various (interannual, interdecadal, and trend) timescales and explain well the 2022 SAT anomaly over the ETP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107811"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing summer atmospheric water cycle simulations in the Three-River Headwaters Region via dynamical downscaling","authors":"Xuan Liu ,&nbsp;Mingxiang Yang ,&nbsp;Tinghai Ou ,&nbsp;Hui-Wen Lai ,&nbsp;Fan Wen ,&nbsp;Ningpeng Dong ,&nbsp;Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Deliang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107810","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107810","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Characterizing and understanding the evolving water cycle in the Three-River Headwaters (TRH) region of the Tibetan Plateau, where data scarcity poses significant challenges to climate and atmospheric water cycle research, heavily depends on model simulations. However, advanced global climate models and reanalysis datasets frequently overestimate precipitation. To address this, we employ high-resolution (9 km) regional climate simulations (WRF9km) to examine atmospheric water cycle variables in the TRH region, comparing them with in-situ observations and ERA5 reanalysis. Our study demonstrates that WRF9km substantially reduces the overestimation of summer precipitation (by 24.0 %) and evapotranspiration (by 52.7 %) compared to ERA5, thereby improving its alignment with observational data. The reduced biases in precipitation are attributed to diminished moisture influx from the southern boundary and local evapotranspiration, coupled with increased moisture export from the eastern boundary. Summer precipitation recycling (PR) accounts for approximately 20 % of total precipitation in the TRH region. Despite divergent trends in PR between a water accounting model (WAM) and a bulk method, our findings support the reliability of WAM, indicating a slight decrease in summer PR (−0.4 %/10a for ERA5 and − 0.6 %/10a for WRF9km). While WRF9km accurately captures the spatial pattern of summer PR, ERA5 appears to overestimate it, likely due to biases in evapotranspiration and moisture inflow. In conclusion, WRF9km provides a more accurate representation of the atmospheric water cycle in the TRH region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107810"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The significant influence of the sea surface temperature anomalies over North Atlantic and the Maritime Continent on maize yield in Northeast China","authors":"Sichao Yan ,&nbsp;Huopo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107806","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107806","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northeastern China (NEC) is the largest grain base in China. Improving understanding of the effect of climate change on grain production over NEC is conducive to providing immediate response strategies for grain production. In this study, the relationships of the maize production with the dry state during the different maize growth stage have been investigated using the year-to-year increment method. Results showed that the severe drought that occurred from the jointing to maturity period have exerted severe effects on the maize growth. Further analysis indicated that the sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over North Atlantic and Maritime Continent in later spring are the important factors affecting the summer droughts over NEC. The late spring SST anomaly over North Atlantic can excite the Rossby waves from the western North Atlantic and propagate eastward to NEC. The snow anomaly over western Siberia in late spring and the soil moisture anomaly over NEC in summer are key factors linking the SST anomaly to drought over the NEC. On the other hand, the Maritime Continent SST anomaly in late spring can modulate the activity of the East Asian jet stream via the East Asia-Pacific (EAP) teleconnection, which can provide the favorable conditions for the soil moisture reduction over NEC. Eventually, a predictive model for maize yield over NEC is successfully developed by using the predictive indices of the North Atlantic and the Maritime Continental SST during late spring. Both the cross-validation and independent sample tests show that the calibrated prediction model is robust and exhibits high skill in predicting maize yield over NEC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107806"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting northward and southward propagations of intraseasonal precipitation under the southern China summer rainfall pattern","authors":"Hao Pan,&nbsp;Hong-Li Ren,&nbsp;Jieru Ma,&nbsp;Yuwen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Propagations of intraseasonal precipitation are essential for subseasonal prediction of East Asian summer rainbelt. In this study, under the background of the southern China summer rainfall pattern (SCSRP), the intraseasonal northward and southward propagation types are first identified and then their propagation characteristics and influencing factors on the 20–90-day intraseasonal timescale are deeply examined. Results show that the northward propagation type, being primary during the SCSRP in its most cases, features robust northward propagation of anomalous signals in the low-level southwesterly wind, outgoing longwave radiation, and 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500) towards the Yangtze River basin. For the southward propagation type, anomalous signals of Z500 with low-level northeasterly wind mainly exhibit a clear southward propagation from the northwest continental area, towards the precipitation anomaly center in southern China. We further reveal that the northward propagation type of intraseasonal precipitation is dynamically related to the first mode of boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSISO) that exhibits significant precipitation anomalies over the southern China in its Phases 5 and 8, and to the intraseasonal oscillation in the East Asia-Western North Pacific (EAWNP ISO) that shows significant precipitation anomalies in its Phases 3 and 5. In contrast, the southward propagation type is primarily influenced by the wave trains of anomalous circulation over mid-to-high latitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107808"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Colder North Eurasia, warmer North America” pattern in December 2023 and its blocking precursor","authors":"Xinping Xu ,&nbsp;Shengping He ,&nbsp;Huijun Wang ,&nbsp;Jiapeng Miao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107807","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107807","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A seesawing temperature pattern occurred over northern mid-latitudes in December 2023, with cold anomalies over northern parts of Eurasia and warm conditions over North America. The recurrent dipole temperature pattern in boreal winter has been revealed to be associated with concurrent changes in atmospheric variability (e.g., Siberian high and Alaska ridge) and boundary forcing (e.g., Arctic sea ice and North Atlantic sea surface temperature), whereas its precursor features remain less clear. Based on reanalysis data and two sets of coupled simulations, this study revealed that strong blocking activity over the Greenland-Eurasia sector in November was an important precursor to the remarkable “colder North Eurasia, warmer North America” pattern in December 2023. Increased tropospheric blocking frequency in November favored vertically propagating planetary waves to weaken the stratospheric polar vortex. The stratospheric response that persisted into December was characterized as the shift of polar vortex towards Eurasia and away from North America, linked to the enhanced zonal wavenumber-1 planetary waves. Downward propagation of the amplified wavenumber-1 component into the troposphere in December contributed to stronger continental high pressure over Eurasia and weaker ridge over Alaska, causing the “colder North Eurasia, warmer North America” pattern. High consistency between the results of observations and two sets of numerical simulations confirms the critical role of preceding tropospheric blocking, which is valuable for sub-seasonal prediction of the dipole temperature pattern across northern mid-latitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107807"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal patterns of compound dry-hot extremes in China","authors":"Chensi Zhou ,&nbsp;Guojie Wang ,&nbsp;Huiyan Jiang ,&nbsp;Shijie Li ,&nbsp;Xiao Shi ,&nbsp;Yifan Hu ,&nbsp;Pedro Cabral","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107795","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107795","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under global warming, the simultaneous occurrence of drought and high temperature is raising growing concerns due to their detrimental impacts on ecosystems, water resources, and food security. Extensive studies have evaluated different characteristics (e.g., spatial extent and frequency) of such compound extremes using percentile-threshold methods based on historical records and climate model projections. Nevertheless, quantitative assessments of projected changes in compound dry-hot extremes based on the daily-scale compound dry-hot index which is constructed by copula theory and the latest CMIP6 downscaled projection outputs are rather rare. Based on the NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX-GDDP-CMIP6), the study first calculated the daily Standardized Compound Dry and Hot Index (SCDHI) by combining Standardized Antecedent Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SAPEI) and Standardized Temperature Index (STI) to identify compound dry-hot extremes while exploring its constraints for an accurate evaluation of its spatiotemporal evolution in China from 1961 to 2100. In this study, a reasonable threshold is determined to reduce some dry but no hot (hot but no dry) condition incorrectly identified as compound dry-hot condition. In terms of temporal variation, the study shows that all characteristics (i.e., occurrence, intensity, and area) are projected to increase over the next 80 years under the four Shared Socioeconomic Pathway scenarios (SSP1–2.6, SSP2–4.5, SSP3–7.0, SSP5–8.5). Particularly in the last 30 years of the 21st century, these features escalate significantly and rapidly, and the higher the emission scenario, the greater the escalation. From a spatial distribution perspective, we find that a more frequent occurrence of compound dry-hot days across China under the future SSPs compared to 1961–2020, with more so in Xinjiang, Tibet, Qinghai, Hainan, and Southwest China. These findings emphasize that policy makers should take relevant and timely measures to reduce social and economic losses caused by intensified projected compound dry-hot extremes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107795"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"December 2022 north American bomb cyclone: Insights from perturbation energetics","authors":"Emerson DeLarme ,&nbsp;Jianping Li ,&nbsp;Hongyuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Ruipeng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107794","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107794","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Explosive cyclone development has been shown to be a positive feedback process, however what causes this to end is an open question. We employ the perturbation potential energy (PPE) framework to investigate the evolution of the December 2022 North American bomb cyclone (NABC) as a case study. A layer with negative PPE anomaly separates the positive PPE anomaly generated by the December 2022 NABC from a positive PPE anomaly near the tropopause during the development phase. This layer of negative PPE anomalies acts as a barrier such that positive PV anomalies cannot pass through. At the start of the decay phase, this barrier breaks, allowing stratospheric intrusion. Here we propose a mechanism where the negative upper pole of the vertical PV dipole caused by atmospheric latent heating (the lower, positive pole is involved in the positive feedback loop of development) triggers a cascade of events, where this PV anomaly causes tropopause deformation, which causes circulation anomalies, which causes enhanced energy conversion, which causes the negative PPE anomaly barrier to break, allowing a positive PV anomaly airmass to descend (indicative of stratospheric intrusion) through the break, leading to the suppression of further atmospheric latent heat release, and therefore ending the development phase of this bomb cyclone, despite the non-depletion of moisture in the vicinity of the December 2022 NABC. While this process is shown for a specific case study, the improved understanding of the life cycle of explosive cyclones has the potential to improve forecasting of explosive cyclones in the future.</div></div><div><h3>Plain language summary</h3><div>Bomb cyclones over land can have large social and economic consequences. Bomb cyclones are known to get stronger in part due to a cycle involving the increased potential vorticity below a level where water vapor condenses. The reasons that explosive cyclones stop developing has yet to be determined, and finding this mechanism could improve forecasts and therefore improve preparedness. In this paper we conduct a case study on a bomb cyclone that happened over North America in late December 2022 using some traditional approaches combined with a newer energetics method focusing on the local perturbations of the potential and kinetic energies. We find that this bomb cyclone stopped getting stronger, not because it ran out of water, but because of a chain of events starting from the decreased potential vorticity above the same condensation. Further research is needed to see if this process exists in other bomb cyclones, and if it can be turned into a predictive tool for forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107794"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142684200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of a severe summer Shamal wind and its induced dust storm in the Middle East: A diagnostic study based on numerical simulation","authors":"Abbas Mofidi ,&nbsp;Azar Zarrin ,&nbsp;Samira Hassani ,&nbsp;Mohsen Soltani","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the formation and dynamics of the Summer Shamal Wind (SSW) and its associated dust storms over the Middle East. A regional climate model, RegCM4, coupled with a dust module, is employed to simulate a severe dust storm event on June 12, 2006. To gain deeper insights, a novel dynamical mechanism is proposed. This mechanism highlights the crucial role of both mechanical and thermal forcing in shaping the regional atmospheric circulation. The vertical heat advection from the Zagros Mountains (ZAG), combined with the mechanical forcing from a shallow incident flow originating from the Turkmenistan anticyclone, triggers upward motion over the ZAG. This synergistic effect leads to the development of a mid-tropospheric anticyclone over the ZAG, which, in turn, induces a westward-propagating Rossby wave. The downward motion and descending air associated with this wave over Mesopotamia establish a terrain-induced local circulation. Consequently, the SSW emerges within a shallow layer at the null-vorticity zone of a coupling-pressure pattern formed by the Arabian anticyclone and the Zagros trough, which is itself a product of the terrain-induced circulation. The study concludes that the intensification and southward movement of the Turkmenistan anticyclone play a pivotal role in the formation of severe SSWs and subsequent dust storms over the Middle East.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107800"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142701212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}