Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Influence of Madden-Julian Oscillation on diurnal precipitation dynamics in the Mentawai Islands: A high-resolution satellite perspective","authors":"Aisyah Erajalita ,&nbsp;Marzuki Marzuki ,&nbsp;Helmi Yusnaini ,&nbsp;Ravidho Ramadhan ,&nbsp;Mutya Vonnisa","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Mentawai Islands, located in the eastern Indian Ocean approximately 150 km west of Sumatera, experience precipitation patterns heavily influenced by the eastward propagation of the Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO). This study investigates the impact of the MJO on local precipitation patterns, with a specific focus on diurnal cycles, during the rainy season (November–March, NDJFM). The analysis is based on Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) data spanning from 2000 to 2022. It emphasizes diurnal patterns through the lens of precipitation amount (PA), precipitation frequency (PF), and precipitation intensity (PI). The size of the islands strongly shapes the diurnal precipitation patterns during the rainy season. On Siberut, the largest island, two pronounce precipitation peaks are observed: one in the afternoon (15 LST) and another in the early morning (04 LST). Two precipitation peaks were also observed in South Pagai, with an earlier early morning peak (02 LST) and an early afternoon peak (13 LST), exhibiting weaker afternoon peak values compared to those in Siberut. The early afternoon precipitation peak on larger islands suggests a dominant role of local convection in the diurnal precipitation system of the Mentawai Islands. In contrast, the smaller islands—Sipora and North Pagai—exhibit a single precipitation peak at 02 LST, dominated primarily by offshore precipitation propagation from Sumatera. The presence of the Mentawai Islands has been observed to disrupt the offshore propagation of convective systems during nighttime, as indicated by the disruption of PI propagation. However, this disruption becomes negligible when nighttime low-level winds from Sumatera strengthen during MJO phases 2–3. During these enhanced phases, the intensified offshore propagation from Sumatera significantly impacts both the peak values and timings of early morning precipitation in the Mentawai Islands. The enhancement of offshore precipitation propagation during phases 2–3 shifts the peak timing of early morning precipitation in the Mentawai mainland forward by 2 h. This shift in peak timing is particularly pronounced on the smaller islands, where stronger low-level winds associated with the MJO enhance precipitation propagation toward the Mentawai Islands. Understanding the MJO's influence on precipitation patterns in this region is critical for improving weather prediction models and enhancing preparedness for extreme weather events.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108234"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intercomparison of GPM hourly precipitation products: Assessing the strengths in capturing precipitation events and their properties","authors":"Meng Cao ,&nbsp;Min Chen ,&nbsp;Jeffrey Walker","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spatially and temporally enhanced satellite precipitation products (SPPs) from the GPM mission offer a viable alternative to ground-based measurements. Although the SPPs have been extensively evaluated at specific time scales, such as hourly and daily, the temporally continuity feature of precipitation events is often overlooked. This study assessed and intercompared the performance of six GPM hourly SSPs, i.e. Early, Late and Final from IMERG, and NRT, MVK, NRT_GC (hereafter GC) from GSMaP, focusing on capturing three key precipitation properties (i.e. depth, duration and intensity) along with peak magnitude and timing, in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of their capability and potential for precipitation monitoring and related hydrometeorological applications. The minimum inter-event time (MIT) approach, with a range of threshold values (i.e. 1, 2, 6, 10 and 24 h), was adopted to delineate precipitation events for the SSPs and the reference data (site observations and CLDAS datasets). IMERG and GSMaP products revealed their respective strengths in detection capacity of precipitation events, with IMERG achieving lower FAR and GSMaP showing higher POD. Despite comparable capabilities in estimating the depth of precipitation events by all the SPPs, IMERG products tended to be more effective in characterizing precipitation intensity and event peak while GSMaP better identified event duration. Notably, near/post real-time products outperformed gauge-corrected versions in certain aspects. Early was more capable of capturing event-based precipitation properties compared to the other IMERG products, especially for shorter MITs, suggesting the potential of near-real-time products in precipitation monitoring and early warning of associated hazards. In addition, MVK excelled in characterizing event duration, intensity, and peak magnitude within the GSMaP system, revealing the possible effectiveness of gauge-free satellite retrieval algorithms. Subregion analysis using the K-means clustering algorithm demonstrated the integrated influence of multiple factors on the performance of the SPPs, also with region-dependent sensitivity to a specific factor. The findings obtained from this study could provide new insights into the practical application and possible further enhancement of the GPM SPPs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108231"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the vertical dynamics of atmospheric ammonium in Asia megacity: A GRASP-based investigation of spatiotemporal patterns and source drivers","authors":"Yining Tan ,&nbsp;Ting Yang ,&nbsp;Hongyi Li ,&nbsp;Ping Tian ,&nbsp;Yifan Song ,&nbsp;Jiancun He ,&nbsp;Yutong Tian ,&nbsp;Yele Sun ,&nbsp;Zifa Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108201","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108201","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric ammonium (NH₄⁺), a key component formed through complex chemical reactions and particulate transformations involving nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) and ammonia (NH₃), plays a critical role in climate dynamics, ecological balance, and human health. Understanding the vertical distribution of NH₄⁺ is essential for comprehensively characterizing regional aerosol patterns. However, the lack of systematic and spatiotemporally resolved studies has hindered the development of accurate NH₄⁺ distribution models and predictive capabilities. In this study, we present an innovative algorithm based on the GRASP model to retrieve hourly NH₄⁺ mass concentration data from 2021 to 2022, enabling a detailed investigation of NH₄⁺ vertical distribution characteristics in Asia super megacity-Beijing. Our findings reveal that transportation emissions are a primary source of NH₄⁺ in Beijing, while elevated pollution sources and long-range transport also significantly influence local NH₄⁺ distribution. The vertical profiles exhibit strong seasonal consistency over the two-year study period, with higher concentrations typically observed in upper atmospheric layers compared to near-surface layers, and distinct peaks at 1 km and 300 m above ground level. NH₄⁺ concentrations are highest in spring and lowest in winter. In spring, the influence of northern dust leads to elevated NH₄⁺ levels, particularly on moderately polluted days, with more pronounced vertical gradients. During autumn, a significant peak in NH₄⁺ concentration at 1 km altitude is attributed to long-range transport from southern urban centers. The contribution of NH₄⁺ to PM₂.₅ remains relatively stable over the two years, with a slight increase during polluted hours due to enhanced hygroscopicity of NH₄⁺ particles driven by higher atmospheric humidity. Strong correlations among chemical components across various altitudes indicate a high degree of homogeneity. Additionally, ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃) is identified as the predominant form of NH₄⁺ in Beijing during the study period. These insights advance our understanding of NH₄⁺ dynamics and its role in urban air quality, providing a foundation for improved aerosol modeling and pollution mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108201"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distributional characteristics and causes of single-layer stratiform clouds over typical region in the southeastern Pacific Ocean","authors":"Ximing Deng ,&nbsp;Yong Han ,&nbsp;Chunsong Lu ,&nbsp;Xinxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianwei Lu ,&nbsp;Li Dong ,&nbsp;Qicheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-layer Stratiform clouds (Sc), as the most common cloud system for stratiform clouds, plays an important role in global radiative balance due to their duration and extensive coverage. However, there are still substantial uncertainties in their formation and radiative forcing. In this paper, we use the Cloudsat 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR product from 2007 to 2010 to distinguish it from other cloud types. ERA5 data and 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR from the same period are used to investigate its formation mechanisms and radiative effects. The results show that the single-layer Sc exhibits obvious seasonal variation in the spatial distribution, which is closely related to the distribution of whole-layer humidity (TCWV) and Lower Tropospheric Stability (LTS). Different aerosol concentrations alter their effects. When aerosol optical depth (AOD) is less than 0.12, increased TCWV suppresses cloud formation, amplified by stronger LTS. However, as AOD &gt; 0.14, TCWV promotes cloud fraction (CF), while LTS weakens this effect. CGT is a key meteorological indicator that, when fixed, reduces the impact of meteorological factors (e.g., TCWV, LTS) on cloud structure, enabling a clearer assessment of CF' s effect on cloud radiative effect (CRE). The results show CF has a larger impact on shortwave radiative forcing (CRE_SW) than on longwave (CRE_SW), but its effect depends on the cloud geometric thickness (CGT). When the cloud layer is thin (CGT &lt; 310.3 m), the CF enhances the cloud shortwave and longwave radiative effect, resulting in a regional cooling effect (slope_{_CERnet} = −25.2); the thick cloud layer (CGT &gt; 310.3 m) will inhibit CRE_SW but enhance CRE_LW, thereby diminishing the cooling effect (slope_{_CERnet} = −19.89). This study will help improve the simulation of cloud radiative forcing, thereby reducing uncertainties in climate change assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How are supercells with extreme flash heavy rainfall different from other severe supercells in the Yangtze-Huai River Region?","authors":"Yi Li ,&nbsp;Jisong Sun ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Zheng ,&nbsp;Fen Xu ,&nbsp;Kangyuan Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using radar observation data together with ERA5 reanalysis data, this study exposes the mesocyclone characteristics of supercells associated with extreme flash heavy rainfall (FHR, hourly rainfall intensity ≥50 mm) in Jiangsu Province of China during 2020–2021, and reveals their differences from other severe supercells associated with convective hazards such as hail, gales and tornadoes. The results show that most FHR supercells occur in July and August, seasonally later than hail supercells or gale supercells in this region. During the warm season, FHR supercells generally move eastward led by westerly flow since most of them appear along the north edge of the western Pacific subtropical high. Half of FHR supercell mesocyclones sustain only about 2–3 radar volume scans (12–18 min). Most extreme FHR supercells are embedded in mesoscale convective systems and are triggered at more favorable locations where more abundant moisture converges and stronger low-level vertical wind shear is produced. In comparison, the developing extreme FHR supercell generally needs more abundant moisture but not as much higher convective available potential energy or stronger vertical wind shear as hail or gale supercells. In terms of mesocyclone characteristics, tornadic supercells exhibit the strongest rotation intensity, followed by gale and hail supercells, and FHR supercells possess the weakest rotation intensity. Hail supercells have the largest storm diameter, deepest mesocyclone, and highest elevation of strongest rotation, followed by gale supercells, FHR supercells and tornadic supercells. These differences are possibly related to the distinct formation mechanisms of the various severe convective phenomena induced by supercell: hail grows in lower ambient temperature and therefore corresponds to the highest vertical extension of supercell; the majority of convective windstorms in the Yangtze-Huai River region is associated with mid-upper-level dry air entraining into the storm and triggering a strong evaporative effect; and the definition of a tornadic supercell implies that the least diameter and the strongest rotation must approach ground. In contrast, most FHR events in this region are linked to warm-rain processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108229"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144098423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mechanisms of summer long-lived heatwaves in Western North America: Perspective from Rossby wave train","authors":"Qian Qiang ,&nbsp;Jian Shi ,&nbsp;Jiajie Chen ,&nbsp;Hengxing Qu ,&nbsp;Yichuan Lu ,&nbsp;Fei Huang ,&nbsp;Chun Li ,&nbsp;Saisai Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric heatwave events have substantial socioeconomic impacts, which have been widely studied under global climate change. This study investigates the characteristics and differences between long-lived and short-lived heatwave events (LHWs and SHWs). First, we identify heatwave events over the Western North America (WNA) over 1981–2022 and categorize them based on the 90th percentile of their duration parameter. Then, we reveal that the LHWs exhibit stronger surface warming with a stronger and thicker warm layer. Circulation anomalies show an anomalous ridge above the WNA, which is more persistent with a greater central value of positive geopotential height anomalies for LHWs. Furthermore, we reveal the important role of mid-to-high-latitude teleconnection in maintaining the LHWs. We find that the diabatic heating released by increased precipitation near Japan can excite Rossby wave trains crossing the Pacific Ocean, and then reach North America, which contributes to maintaining the anomalous ridge of LHWs. Moreover, positive diabatic heating anomalies, related to land-atmosphere interaction, in Central Siberia are also favorable for the generation or persistence of the anomalous ridge and thus the LHWs. Finally, we validate the above teleconnection mechanisms by using the linear baroclinic model and Community Atmosphere Model 5.0 model. By comparison, there is negligible cross-Pacific propagation of Rossby wave energy before the peak of SHWs. This study presents evidence of climate linkages of East Asia and Central Siberia with WNA, which may provide potential predictability for LHWs over the WNA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced relationship between preceding autumn-winter sea ice over Greenland Sea and following Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall after early-2000s","authors":"Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Zeng ,&nbsp;Shiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Yining Tao ,&nbsp;Aminu Dalhatu Datti","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the temporal variation in the connection between Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) during 1980–2023. The ISMR shows an insignificant correlation with the preceding October–November–December–January (OND(−1)J(0)) Greenland Sea SIC (GSSIC) during 1980–2001, whereas the relationship turns to be significant positive during 2002–2023. During this latter period, the increasing GSSIC in preceding OND(−1)J(0) can exert wave trains that travel from North Atlantic to northeast Pacific, inducing anomalous anticyclone and cyclone over northeast of Hawaii and southwest of Mexico, respectively. This, in turn, generates a dipole sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over northeast Pacific, with positive SSTA northeast of Hawaii and negative SSTA southwest of Mexico. The Wind-Evaporation-SST (WES) feedback helps maintain this dipole SSTA through to the following June–July–August–September, contributing to the negative SSTA over north central tropical Pacific (NCTP). The negative NCTP SSTA can induce anomalous ascending motion over the western Pacific–Indian Ocean by modulating Walker circulation, ultimately leading to increase ISMR. In contrast, during 1980–2001, GSSIC shows stronger co-variation with North Atlantic dipole (NAD) SSTA compared with that during 2002–2023. Due to the response of atmospheric circulation anomalies to the GSSIC are nearly opposite to those in terms of the NAD SSTA, the influence of the GSSIC anomalies on the wave trains over Northern Hemisphere is disturbed. Therefore, the GSSIC anomalies can slightly impact on the SSTA over northeast Pacific, resulting in weaker GSSIC-ISMR relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Year-to-year fluctuations in fog-water collection in central Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula and the influential large-scale tropospheric circulation patterns","authors":"Eduardo Andres Agosta ,&nbsp;David Corell ,&nbsp;María José Estrela","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the mean annual cycles of monthly cumulated fog-water amounts (CFW) in the central Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula (MIP), highlighting the interplay between meteorological conditions, topography, and geographic location. Seasonal asymmetry in fog-water collection is evident, with summer exhibiting higher fog collection frequency but lower water volumes. In contrast, non-summer seasons feature lower frequency but higher intensity fog events.</div><div>Tropospheric circulation anomalies at mid- and low-tropospheric levels reveal that fog-water collection is influenced by moisture transport from the Mediterranean, particularly during high fog-collection months. Positive specific humidity anomalies near coastal areas, driven by southeasterly wind anomalies, are crucial for frequent fog formation, while broader, less concentrated anomalies characterize higher-intensity fog events. These findings align with prior research emphasizing the role of cyclonic conditions and maritime moisture advection in enhancing fog-water collection yields.</div><div>Additionally, seasonal variations in tropospheric circulation anomalies are linked to large-scale teleconnection patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and Eastern Atlantic-Western Russia (EAWR) patterns. These modulate moisture advection, precipitation anomalies, and low-level winds that drive fog formation and collection. In summer, subtropical high-pressure weakening contributes to increased fog-water cumulates, while winter anomalies highlight the impact of quasi-stationary cyclonic circulations and autumn anomalies, positive NAO/AO phases.</div><div>These results underscore the climatic importance of fog-water collection for water resource management in drought-prone regions and provide a foundation for future climate monitoring and prediction under anthropogenic radiative forcing. The study's insights have practical implications for enhancing water availability through fog collection in Mediterranean ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and three-dimensional evolution characterization of long duration and high severity drought in Xinjiang based on precipitable water vapor","authors":"Shikang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Mu ,&nbsp;Zilong Li ,&nbsp;Rongqin Yang ,&nbsp;Mianting Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the scarcity of measured precipitation data in arid zones and the numerous factors affecting the uncertainty of precipitation data from multiple sources, understanding precipitation patterns is limited, and drought monitoring is constrained. Whereas water vapor content is closely related to precipitation, changes in water vapor can be an important indicator of drought development. Therefore, this paper takes Xinjiang as the study area, introduces precipitable water vapor, and constructs two new drought indices, the standardized and nonparametric standardized precipitable water indices (SPWI and NSPWI), using parametric and nonparametric kernel density estimation methods. Aiming at the drought characteristics of long duration and intensity in the study area, an identification method for long-duration and high-severity drought (LHD) events was proposed using the three-dimensional clustering method and the Copula function. The three-dimensional evolution characteristics and centroid migration patterns of LHD events were then analyzed.The results indicate that: (1) The newly constructed drought index can be used for drought monitoring in Xinjiang, and the performance of SPWI is better than that of NSPWI. (2) Based on the three-dimensional clustering method, which can better identify the drought events in the study region, it was found that the droughts were mostly concentrated in 1960–1987, and there was a trend from dry to wet. (3) The LHD events were identified based on the joint distribution probability of drought duration and severity greater than 75 %, and it was found that droughts originated in the southern and died out in the western part of the study region, that droughts were likely to be more frequent the deeper inland and farther away from the ocean, and that droughts lasted for longer periods and had a wider impact area; mountainous areas are more profoundly affected by the LHD events than plains and deserts areas. (4) LHD events have a wider centroid migration distance, and their drought development process is more complex, with spatial and temporal distributions. The drought index that introduces precipitable water vapor and the LHD event identification method proposed in this study can provide some guidance for the enhancement of drought prevention and mitigation capabilities in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 108218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detectable Anthropogenic Expansion of Compound Dry and Hot Event Areas on Global Land","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Xinrui Liu ,&nbsp;Qiaohong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic influence have led to an increase in the frequency of compound dry and hot events (CDHEs) globally under the background of global warming. However, there is limited research on the extent of anthropogenic influence on the spatial extent of CDHEs. Our analysis, focusing on the changes in the affected area of CDHEs across the global land during the warm season from 1961 to 2013, indicates an increasing trend in both hemispheres and six continents, with the most obviously increases observed in the Northern Hemisphere (15.8 %/53 yr), Asia (16 %/53 yr), and Africa (14 %/53 yr). Using the optimal fingerprinting method for detection and attribution analysis, we found that the anthropogenic signal was robustly detected in all regions except Oceania. The greenhouse gases emission played a major role in the observed increasing trends in all regions except Oceania. Furthermore, we conducted an event attribution analysis for the 2022–like CDHEs areas in the Northern Hemisphere, finding that nearly 95 %, 91 %, and 89 % of the trends in the Northern Hemisphere, Asia, and Europe, respectively, could be attributed to anthropogenic climate change. Using the attribution result, we constrained projections of spatial extent of CDHEs under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 emission scenarios. The constrained projections show a smaller increasing magnitude compared to the raw projections (except for Asia), with the largest differences observed in South America in the Southern Hemisphere. By 2100, the CDHEs areas in the Northern Hemisphere are projected to reach 43 % and 68 % under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, respectively. Asia faces the most widespread impact from CHDEs, with more than 93 % under the SSP5–8.5 scenario and 56 % under the SSP2–4.5 scenario. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has huge benefits for better mitigating the impacts of CDHEs across the global land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}