Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"The uneven change of global expanding summer over the past 50 years","authors":"Guanjie Jiao ,&nbsp;Xiaochen Zhu ,&nbsp;Xinyang Li ,&nbsp;Xuan Dong ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Li ,&nbsp;Kaixuan He ,&nbsp;Rangjian Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108506","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108506","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change has fundamentally altered global seasonal patterns, yet quantifying these shifts remains challenging due to heterogeneous definitions of seasons. Here, we develop a standardized 5d temperature-based classification system for seasons from 1971 to 2021 using the fifth-generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5). Our analysis reveals a pronounced redistribution of seasonal durations. Specifically, summer expanded by 3.2 % grid globally, while spring, autumn, and winter decreased by −2.8 %, −12.1 %, and − 0.9 % in 2021, respectively, compared to 1971. The prolongation of summer in mid-latitude regions is due to an earlier onset and delayed termination, as well as the poleward migration of thermal transition zones (1.1° latitude over 1971–2021). Additionally, hemispheric asymmetry is quantified by the poleward migration of warm-side boundaries: 0.22°N decade⁻¹ vs. 0.20°S decade⁻¹, i.e., 10.3 % faster in the North Hemispheric, attributed to its greater landmass and thermal sensitivity. This study provides a unified framework for understanding global seasonal dynamics, which is critical for predicting climate-ecosystem interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108506"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining LIDAR, all-sky camera, and ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis to investigate contrail formation and evolution over Clermont-Ferrand, France on June 2, 2023","authors":"Sidy Diarra ,&nbsp;Jean-Luc Baray ,&nbsp;Nadège Montoux ,&nbsp;Patrick Fréville ,&nbsp;Frédéric Peyrin ,&nbsp;Philippe Cacault ,&nbsp;William Boucher ,&nbsp;Philippe Keckhut","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108500","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108500","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contrails formed by aircraft in the upper troposphere contribute to anthropogenic climate forcing. However, the conditions driving their formation and persistence remain incompletely understood. This study combines a ACTRIS/EARLINET ground-based LIDAR, all-sky camera imagery, ADS-B aircraft tracking, and ECMWF-ERA5 reanalysis to analyse contrails formation and evolution over Clermont-Ferrand, France, on June 2, 2023. Twelve contrails are documented throughout the day, including five persistent and seven non-persistent contrails. Persistent contrails formed at 10.36 km altitude or lower are observed under ice-supersaturated conditions (relative humidity with respect to ice, RHi &gt; 105 %) and at temperatures between 217 and 223 K. Non-persistent contrails produced by higher altitudes aircrafts, are associated with lower RHi mostly below 100 % and colder temperatures (214–217 K). The horizontal persistent contrail widths range from 0.53 ± 0.10 to 1.60 ± 0.44 km (all-sky camera estimation) and 0.35 ± 0.14 to 1.90 ± 0.32 km (LIDAR estimation), and vertical extents varied from 340 ± 10 to 440 ± 20 m. The optical properties of these contrails have also been estimated by LIDAR. Aerosol backscatter coefficient vary from 0.02 to 0.05 km⁻¹ sr⁻¹, scattering ratios from 8 to 20, volume linear depolarization from 0.13 to 0.24 and particle linear depolarization from 0.17 to 0.45. The maximum contrail observation duration by camera is 180 min. The study highlights the potential of ground-based remote sensing for contrail monitoring.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108500"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automatic detection of overshooting tops and their properties from visible satellite channels","authors":"Anežka Doležalová ,&nbsp;Jakub Seidl ,&nbsp;Jindřich Št’ástka ,&nbsp;Ján Kaňák","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108488","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108488","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Overshooting tops (OTs) are informative indicators of convective storm intensity and are widely utilized in meteorological analyses. This study presents an automated algorithm for OT detection and OT height estimation using convolutional neural networks applied to visible satellite imagery. The models are trained and validated on an extensive OT dataset comprising approximately 10,000 manually detected cases over Europe. The OTs were identified from high-resolution visible (HRV) channel of the SEVIRI instrument on board the MSG geostationary satellite, with the heights determined from the length of their shadows in the imagery. While conventional OT detection methods primarily rely on the identification of cold features in thermal infrared channels, our approach extracts information from visible channels, leveraging the ground truth data on OT shadow length provided by the training dataset. In the morning and afternoon hours, when the shadows are visible, the proposed models detect OTs with a probability of detection reaching 97% and estimate their height with an average error of 0.25 km. The performance is expected to further improve once the model is applied to polar and new generation geostationary satellites with increased spatial resolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108488"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential impact of a near-surface baroclinic boundary on supercell intensification: A case study from Hungary on 24 April 2022","authors":"K. Komjáti ,&nbsp;H. Breuer ,&nbsp;K. Csirmaz ,&nbsp;M. Kurcsics ,&nbsp;S. Kun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108503","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108503","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On 24 April 2022, a low-topped supercell developed in northeastern Hungary along a near-surface thermal boundary that separated a warm, dry air mass to the south from a cool, moist air mass to the north. The storm produced large hail (&gt;2 cm) and damaging winds (&gt;25 m s⁻¹). To assess the role of the thermal boundary in this case, we analyzed the convective environment based on surface observations and examined the evolution and intensification of the supercell along the boundary using Doppler radar data. To further investigate the role of the boundary in the intensification of the storm, a one-way nested high-resolution numerical simulation was performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with 600 m horizontal grid spacing. Lagrangian diagnostics were used to quantify baroclinic and tilting contributions to horizontal vorticity generation along parcel trajectories, while Eulerian fields characterized the spatial structure of the boundary. Between 1230 and 1250 UTC, most inflow parcels passed through or near the boundary before entering the supercell updraft. During this period, the baroclinic term was approximately two orders of magnitude larger than the tilting term. Moreover, the cumulative baroclinic contribution approached the total amount of absolute horizontal vorticity present in the parcels by the end of the trajectory period, underscoring its dominant role in the generation of inflow vorticity. Given the complexity of supercell dynamics, no final conclusions can be drawn; however, the results point to the thermal boundary as a major contributor to near-surface baroclinic horizontal vorticity. Parcels that traversed this zone appear to have imported substantial amounts of horizontal vorticity into the supercell inflow, which likely supported the development of a stronger low-level mesocyclone through subsequent tilting and stretching processes. These findings highlight the potential influence of mesoscale thermodynamic boundaries on storm evolution, particularly in regions with complex terrain and convective variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative impact of surface reflection models on aerosol component retrieval","authors":"Shuhui Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Xindan Zhang ,&nbsp;Cheng Chen ,&nbsp;Haoling Zhang ,&nbsp;Ke Gui ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Jingrui Ma ,&nbsp;Huizheng Che","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108507","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108507","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate characterization of land surface reflectance remains a critical challenge in aerosol retrieval algorithms, particularly in reducing uncertainties associated with satellite-derived aerosol composition products. Through a comprehensive analysis of aerosol component retrievals derived from POLDER/PARASOL observations at global AERONET-validated sites by the GRASP/Component approach, this study investigates the uncertainties in component retrievals based on the Ross-Li and RPV surface reflectance models. We found that these aerosol component retrievals between Ross-Li and RPV models generally show good agreements globally (aerosol absorbing components: <em>R</em> = 0.90 for BC, <em>R</em> = 0.79 for BrC, and <em>R</em> = 0.84 for CAI; aerosol scattering insoluble components: <em>R</em> = 0.94 for FNAI, R = 0.90 for CNAI; aerosol scattering soluble components: <em>R</em> = 0.80 for FNAS+FAWC, <em>R</em> = 0.74 for CNAS+CAWC). Compared to component retrievals based on Ross-Li model, RPV model presents higher aerosol insoluble scattering components but lower soluble scattering components in North Africa, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. These findings highlight the critical role of surface reflectance parameterization in aerosol composition inversion accuracy, particularly for coarse-mode-dominated regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108507"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional mosaic method of dual-polarization parameters for a high-density radar network","authors":"Zhe Li ,&nbsp;Chong Wu ,&nbsp;Liping Liu ,&nbsp;Yijun Zhang ,&nbsp;Chao Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108494","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108494","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A multiradar mosaic is a key solution to the insufficient detection range of a single radar. In the traditional grid-preprocessed mosaicking method (GPM), radar polar coordinate data are interpolated into Cartesian grids to compensate for vertically undersampled regions in radar volume scans. However, such interpolation fails to accurately reconstruct the polarization parameters in these regions. Therefore, this study presentss a polar coordinate direct-mosaicking method (PDM) for the high-density radar network in South China, which directly operates on polar coordinate data and avoids initial interpolation. Based on typical precipitation cases from May to August 2021, three key issues in the PDM are addressed: First, horizontal reflectivity (<em>Z</em>_H) biases and differential reflectivity (<em>Z</em>_DR) offsets are corrected; second, the number of radars in the mosaicking process is evaluated, with five radars determined to be optimal; and third, the weights of different radar data are optimized by considering vertical and horizontal distances, along with the melting layer position. Compared with the GPM, the PDM yields a more accurate representation of the melting layer, with a smaller mean height error (192 m compared with 470 m) and a more realistic estimation of thickness (661 m compared with 1507 m). It also improves the continuity of polarimetric parameters within convective core regions. The case studies indicate that the PDM enables earlier identification of <em>Z</em>_DR columns and more accurate estimation of their heights. These results demonstrate that the PDM improves the accuracy of polarization parameter mosaics and offers potential for future applications in cloud microphysics research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145155498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-learning-driven intelligent ensemble approach for robust drought evaluation across China","authors":"Chunchen Wang ,&nbsp;Zice Ma ,&nbsp;Peng Sun ,&nbsp;Ronghao Yang ,&nbsp;Chongyang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108492","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108492","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Under global warming, droughts across China exhibit pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity, posing severe threats to agricultural production, water security, and ecosystem stability. To address the limitations of conventional drought monitoring methods, which include sparse station coverage, poor spatial continuity, and inadequate representation of nonlinear interactions, this study develops a Comprehensive Drought Monitoring Model based on a Meta-learning Ensemble Algorithm (CDMM_MLEA). The model integrates multi-source remote sensing data, including canopy temperature, vegetation indices, soil moisture, and canopy water content, with meteorological and auxiliary geospatial data. Using an ensemble learning framework, CDMM_MLEA significantly improves the accuracy and robustness of drought monitoring across China from 2001 to 2023. The findings suggest that (1) CDMM_MLEA outperforms five benchmark machine learning models across China, achieving the highest correlation with the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) and lowest error, particularly in the Songliao River Basin (SLRB) and Yellow River Basin (YRB); (2) Compared to SPEI, it more effectively captures the spatial propagation of drought, including its boundary shifts, intensity gradients, and temporal persistence, even maintaining errors below 10 % in regions with sparse station data; (3) Analysis of drought evolution from 2001 to 2023 reveals a phased pattern: high-frequency, high-intensity, and long-duration droughts dominated during 2001–2010, followed by a mitigation phase after 2011, with intensity decreasing by 25 % and duration shortening by 0.5–1.3 months per event. Autumn droughts were most severe, affecting 62.3 % of the Loess Plateau and western SLRB. CDMM_MLEA provides a reliable tool for high-resolution spatiotemporal drought assessment, supporting operational early warning systems, optimized water resource allocation (e.g., South-to-North Water Diversion Project), and region-specific drought adaptation strategies (e.g., northwest water-saving irrigation) across China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108492"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Key synoptic-mesoscale coupling factors in extreme rainfall from the merger of two Meso-β convective systems in Henan, China","authors":"Xinghua Bao ,&nbsp;Jianing Feng ,&nbsp;Jinfang Yin ,&nbsp;Junhong Wei ,&nbsp;Xudong Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108490","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108490","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>On 21 July 2021, extreme rainfall hit central and northern Henan, China, with Xinxiang recording an hourly rainfall of 149.9 mm and 10-h accumulations exceeding 400 mm (the 7.21 Xinxiang rainstorm). This rainstorm, a critical episode in the “21·7” Henan rainstorm event occurring one day after the high-impact 7.20 Zhengzhou rainstorm, was triggered by the development and merger of two meso-β-scale convective systems (NMCS and SMCS). Using convection-permitting ensemble simulations and targeted data assimilation, this study first examines the roles of key mid-to-lower tropospheric synoptic systems (which influenced the 7.20 Zhengzhou rainstorm) in the subsequent 7.21 Xinxiang rainstorm, then identifies and verifies critical mesoscale factors governing the two MCSs' development and merger. Results indicate that a mid-level low-pressure system (corresponding to a lower-level trough) and a high-pressure ridge extending from the southwestern periphery of the western Pacific subtropical high were critically important synoptic-scale systems influencing both consecutive rainstorm events. For the 7.21 Xinxiang rainstorm, the low primarily governed the total precipitation amount, while the ridge mainly influenced the rainfall spatial pattern in central Henan by modulating the SMCS organization. Furthermore, two mesoscale shear lines are found to drive convection evolution. One, formed by the near-surface southeasterly flow ahead of the trough turning into a northeasterly barrier flow parallel to the terrain, influenced the southern tip of the NMCS. The other, from converging ridge-edge southwesterlies and southeasterlies, drove SMCS development. Radar radial velocity assimilation confirms that refining these pivotal shear lines can enhance convective and quantitative precipitation forecasts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108490"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrasting effects of land and marine aerosols on warm clouds in South China based on satellite observations","authors":"Siyi Yang ,&nbsp;Feiyue Mao ,&nbsp;Xin Lu ,&nbsp;Fan Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Gong","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108491","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108491","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different aerosol types influence cloud properties in distinct ways due to their unique physical and chemical characteristics. While many studies have examined aerosol–cloud interactions, comparative analysis of how specific aerosol types affect warm clouds over land and ocean remain limited. Using MODIS cloud products and MERRA-2 aerosol data from 2014, this study reveals that warm clouds over the ocean exhibit greater sensitivity to increases in aerosol optical depth (AOD) compared to those over land. Specifically, with increasing total AOD, cloud fraction (CF) increases at a rate 3 times greater, while cloud top temperature (CTT) and cloud droplet effective radius (CER) decrease 2.5 and 6.5 times faster, respectively. Liquid water path (LWP) shows contrasting trends: over land, it initially increases and then decreases with rising AOD, whereas over the ocean, it shows a consistent negative correlation with AOD. Under fixed LWP, CF over land is more sensitive to AOD under low LWP conditions, while oceanic CF responds more strongly under high LWP. Under the influence of dust aerosols over land, cloud properties initially change significantly and then tend to stabilize. Over the ocean, particularly under high LWP conditions, cloud properties exhibit a stronger response to sea salt aerosols. Fine aerosols show similar effects to total aerosols in both land and ocean environments. These findings highlight the necessity of distinguishing different aerosol types, which contributes to a better understanding of the aerosol-cloud interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108491"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145217966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of sea breeze in a complex terrain island seen by CERRA","authors":"A. Serra ,&nbsp;M.A. Jiménez ,&nbsp;A. Maimó-Far","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The physical mechanisms underlying sea-breeze (SB) conditions in the Palma basin (Mallorca island, western Mediterranean Sea) are analyzed using the Copernicus European Regional Reanalysis (CERRA) model outputs from 2009–2020. In this complex terrain region, SB is strongly influenced by the upslope winds generated at the mountains that close the basin. The comparison of model results with multiple sources of observations (automatic weather stations [AWS], satellite products and radiosondes) shows its ability to reproduce the main SB characteristics.</div><div>Taking as reference the classification of SB conditions from a previous AWS-based study, a new methodology is now proposed that consists of the application of selecting filters to the CERRA data. The characteristics of the SB events show good agreement with those selected from the AWS. CERRA is able to reproduce the majority of SB patterns: the evolution from land breeze to SB, the cold and moist air advection from the sea during the steady state, the height and intensity of the SB maximum, the importance of the soil moisture and the horizontal and vertical temperature differences. CERRA has difficulties in reproducing SB events which are strongly conditioned by the topography of the basin, due to the insufficient spatial resolution to include the effect of surface heterogeneities, as is the case for upslope winds. However, this method is applicable to other complex terrain regions, and CERRA presents itself as a very useful tool for the study of the physical mechanisms that occur under SB conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"329 ","pages":"Article 108451"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145156047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}