Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Improving fog simulation in East China: The role of soil moisture constraint and meteorological observation nudging","authors":"Siting Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Zhu ,&nbsp;Shuqi Yan ,&nbsp;Wen Lu ,&nbsp;Lina Sha ,&nbsp;Peng Qian ,&nbsp;Chunsong Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108132","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108132","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil moisture plays a crucial role in fog formation and duration, yet its impact has not been sufficiently assessed in fog numerical simulations. This study evaluates the impact of soil moisture constraints (SMC) on fog simulation over East China using the WRF-Chem model, incorporating a series of soil moisture observation data from the China Meteorological Administration and reanalysis products. Additionally, the study assesses the improvements achieved through the meteorological observation nudging (MON) assimilation scheme. Results indicate that the MON scheme significantly improves the simulation accuracy of fog coverage, with the threat score (TS) improving from 65.1 % to 71.2 %, alongside better simulation of key meteorological variables. When combined with MON, SMC derived from observational data further enhances accuracy of fog area simulation, achieving a TS of 72.3 %. Notably, SMC derived from observational soil moisture (Obs-SMC) data outperforms SMC from reanalysis products (ERA5-SMC and FNL-SMC) in overall fog simulation. For RH, MON raised the average index of agreement (IOA) from 0.67 to 0.69 and reduced the normalized mean error (NME) from 24.4 % to 21.7 %. With Obs-SMC, the IOA further increased to 0.83, and the NME dropped to 14.3 %, demonstrating notable improvements in simulation performance. Process analysis suggests that the Obs-SMC further enhances surface evaporation, facilitating near-surface fog condensation and increasing the regional mean liquid water content (LWC) by approximately 0.01 g/kg. Our findings highlight the critical role of accurate soil moisture data in improving fog simulation, implicating a valuable approach for enhancing fog forecasting accuracy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108132"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143824516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unprecedented East Asian Heat Dome in August 2022: Underrated Joint Roles of North Pacific and North Atlantic","authors":"Shui Yu ,&nbsp;Jianqi Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Caused by an unprecedented East Asian high-pressure, the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) in China suffered an extreme heat dome with record-breaking heatwaves and droughts in August 2022. Concurrently, extra-tropical oceans recorded unprecedented warm sea surface temperatures (SSTs). However, the combined influence of these warm SSTs on the YRV's extreme heatwaves remains unclear. By using observational data, simulations from the Community Earth System Model-Large Ensemble project, and numerical sensitivity experiments, we highlight the joint contributions of intensified air-sea interaction in the North Pacific and North Atlantic to the YRV's extreme heatwave. Further analysis indicates that the East Asian high-pressure exhibits a non-linear response to the intensity of SSTs in the North Pacific and North Atlantic, with a significant response only to the extreme warm SSTs. In addition, the uncertainty within the simulation of August high-pressure is explored, and the result indicates that the uncertainty could be physically rooted in the model's inability to initiatively simulate the coupled air-sea situation over the North Atlantic in July. To improve the simulation for the influence of mid-latitude SSTs, a coordinated coupled air-sea initial condition should be used to constrain the simulation. Moreover, such warm SSTs and the associated air-sea interaction can cause extreme high-pressures over Europe and western North America, offering an explanation for the compound extreme heatwaves over these two regions and China in 2022.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the hydrological utility of the GPM IMERG satellite precipitation products","authors":"Han Meng,&nbsp;Tongtiegang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite precipitation products (SPPs) provide valuable information for hydrological modelling. This paper presents an evaluation of the hydrological utility of in total six Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) products. Specifically, as to the IMERG V06 and V07, both the near-real-time products, i.e., Early and Late, and the post-real-time product, i.e., Final, are evaluated at the daily timescale. Based on the GR4J hydrological model, three numerical experiments respectively focusing on the accuracy of precipitation estimation, the usefulness in streamflow simulation and the effectiveness in flood simulation are devised. Through a case study of 20 catchments across 5 climate zones in Australia from 2000 to 2021, the results highlight that the IMERG V07 products generally outperform the IMERG V06 products in the hydrological utility. For the accuracy of precipitation estimation, the relative bias (rBias) at the point scale of the IMERG V07 products tends to be lower than that of the IMERG V06 products. The median rBias is respectively −31.17% and −16.61% for the IMERG V06 and V07 Early products, is respectively −29.11% and −12.77% for the IMERG V06 and V07 Late products and is respectively −7.83% and −7.46% for the IMERG V06 and V07 Final products. There are evident improvements in streamflow simulation from the IMERG V06 products to the IMERG V07 products, with the median Kling-Gupta efficiency (KGE) increasing from 0.32 to 0.40 under the Early products, from 0.33 to 0.41 under the Late products and from 0.59 to 0.61 under the Final products. Regarding flood simulation, the percent bias in the flow duration curve high-segment volume (FHV) is reduced from the IMERG V06 products to the IMERG V07 products, with the median FHV increasing from −61.52% to −39.29% for the Early products, from −59.28% to −35.18% for the Late products and from −38.85% to −30.64% for the Final products. Taken together, the evaluation of hydrological utility facilitates valuable insights into the applications of the IMERG products to precipitation monitoring, hydrological modelling and flood forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143829439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical simulation of a lightning seed formation in a thundercloud","authors":"A.A. Syssoev ,&nbsp;D.I. Iudin ,&nbsp;F.D. Iudin ,&nbsp;A.A. Emelyanov ,&nbsp;I. Yu. Zhavoronkov ,&nbsp;E. Yu. Prudnikova","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is presently unclear how lightning channel forms inside a thundercloud, where maximal electric field strengths are about an order of magnitude lower than the dielectric strength of air. Recently, a hypothesis has been formulated, according to which a lightning leader forms inside a hierarchical network of plasma channels that fills an area of increased intracloud electric field. The study proposes a numerical model that is used to simulate the transition from separate streamer systems to complex plasma structures which segments are characterized by a wide spread of electrical parameters. Those clusters, which are sufficiently extended along an intracloud electric field vector, can be considered as lightning seeds. It is shown that their formation is a fairly collective process that can occur in electric fields lower than positive streamers propagation threshold. Depending on considered conditions, the required spatiotemporal frequencies of streamer systems appearance are shown to be less than or of the order of those of hydrometeors collisions (or nearly collisions) in a thundercloud. The altitudes of 6 and 9 km, which are the most typical for lightning genesis, are considered to analyze how the factor of air density influences the features of a lightning seed formation process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108135"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143839496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Which are the main drivers of global dimming and brightening?","authors":"Michael Stamatis ,&nbsp;Nikolaos Hatzianastassiou ,&nbsp;Marios-Bruno Korras-Carraca ,&nbsp;Christos Matsoukas ,&nbsp;Martin Wild ,&nbsp;Ilias Vardavas","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Global Dimming and Brightening (GDB) phenomenon plays an important role in the Earth's climate, with clouds and aerosols being the major drivers. This study investigates GDB causes by quantifying the contributions of changes in clouds, aerosols, water vapor and ozone to the surface solar radiation (SSR) changes during 1984–2018. To this aim, radiative transfer calculations were performed by the FORTH-RTM (Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas Radiative Transfer Model) on a monthly basis and 0.5°x0.625° spatial resolution using modern and improved datasets for clouds and aerosols. Validation against high-quality ground measurements confirmed RTM's reliability. Results show a global mean brightening of 0.88 Wm⁻²decade⁻¹ from 1984 to 2018, stronger over land (2.57 Wm⁻²decade⁻¹) than oceans (0.19 Wm⁻²decade⁻¹). Globally, changes in clouds (especially middle-level cloud amount (CA) and high-level cloud optical thickness (COT)) were the main GDB drivers. However, the contribution of aerosol optical depth (AOD) changes was remarkable over specific land areas with strong anthropogenic activity, such as Europe, India and East China. In the 80's and 90's changes in AOD were the main GDB driver, subsequently in the 2000s high-level cloud optical thickness contributed the most to GDB followed by the AOD changes, while finally in the 2010s both clouds and AOD had comparable contributions. Over land, AOD had a comparable contribution to GDB with that of clouds whereas the contribution of aerosols' asymmetry parameter (AP) and single scattering albedo (SSA), water vapor and ozone was quite small or insignificant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143826206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climatology, trend and correlations of aerosol, cloud and meteorology over the climatologically important monsoon and adjacent northern regions of Pakistan","authors":"Kashif Anwar ,&nbsp;Syed Shakeel Ahmad Shah ,&nbsp;Abdulhaleem H. Labban ,&nbsp;Khan Alam","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Quantifying changes in aerosols, cloud characteristics, and their correlations on both spatial and temporal scales is essential for understanding future climate changes. In this study, 11 years (2009–2019) of aerosol, meteorological, and cloud datasets are analyzed to evaluate climatology, trends, and their relationships over the climatologically important core monsoon- (R1) region and the adjacent high-altitude northern (R2) region of Pakistan. The study utilizes Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) data for aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom Exponent (AE), CLARA-A3 data for liquid cloud properties such as cloud droplet effective radius (CER), cloud optical thickness (COT), cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), cloud geometrical thickness (CGT), and liquid water path (LWP), and ERA-5 data for meteorological variables at a spatial resolution of 0.25° × 0.25°. Negative trend in AE over both the R1 and R2 regions (−5 % and −10 %) are observed which could be due to deforestation, increasing temperature, and changing precipitation patterns that may disturb the dust activity and monsoon circulations. The concurrent increasing trend in AOD (12.4 %) and Aerosol Index (AI) (3.2 %) is observed over R1, likely driven by rapid urbanization, industrialization, and biomass burning. Conversely, a decreasing trend in AOD (−7.0 %) and AI (−14.14 %) is observed over R2, possibly due to anthropogenic emission control policies in China, that reduces aerosol inflow in remote areas, including the high-altitude R2 region. Positive trends are observed in CDNC, CER, CGT, COT, and LWP, with percent changes of 9.2 %, 20.7 %, 4.06 %, 6.7 %, and 10.7 % over R1 region and 34.7 %, 5.4 %, 16.98 %, 21.9 %, and 24.8 % over R2 region, respectively. Meteorological variables, including mixing ratio (q), geopotential (z), convective available potential energy (CAPE), horizontal wind speed at 10 m above the surface (si10m), dew point temperature at 2 m (d2m) and temperature at 2 m (t2m), show positive trends over both R1 and R2 regions. Correlation analysis reveals positive AOD-CDNC and negative AOD-CER relationships in both regions. In contrast, AI-COT, AI-CGT and AI-LWP correlations are negative (−0.13, −0.26 and −0.20) over R1 region but insignificant weak negative AI-CGT (−5.7 × 10⁻⁶) and positive AI-COT (0.099) and AI-LWP (0.061) are observed over R2 region. The contrasting behavior of AI-COT and AI-LWP correlations can be attributed to the difference in cloud regime and meteorological conditions over the R1 and R2 regions. The results of this study provide critical insights into aerosol-cloud-meteorology interactions, with implications for regional climate modeling, monsoon variability, and future climate projections. The findings also contribute to global aerosol-cloud research by emphasizing the importance of region-specific mechanisms in shaping aerosol-cloud interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108136"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143816218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improving Fengyun-3D satellite atmospheric precipitable water vapor products through machine learning-based post-processing correction","authors":"Mengnan Li ,&nbsp;Leiku Yang ,&nbsp;Weiqian Ji ,&nbsp;Muhammad Bilal ,&nbsp;Xin Pei ,&nbsp;Xueke Zheng ,&nbsp;Yizhe Fan ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Lu ,&nbsp;Xiaoqian Cheng ,&nbsp;Weibing Du","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Satellite remote sensing has become essential for observing precipitable water vapor (PWV). However, limitations in sensor performance, algorithmic assumptions, and estimation methods can result in errors in satellite retrievals of PWV, which limits the accuracy of these products. This study analyzes the bias and post-processing correction of the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager-II (MERSI-II) PWV operational products aboard China's polar-orbiting meteorological satellite, Fengyun-3D. Initially, a global quality assessment is conducted using AERONET observations from May 2019 to May 2020. Afterward, variations in the product's bias are analyzed using various influencing factors. Validation results show that the four PWV products of MERSI-II tend to underestimate values to varying degrees. Bias varies based on factors such as solar zenith angle, view zenith angle, solar azimuth angle, view azimuth angle, digital elevation model, and normalized difference vegetation index. Based on the bias analysis, factors are selected, and a post-processing correction is implemented on the PWV products using the Extreme Gradient Boosting model. Post-processing correction results show that the mean bias of the PWV products is nearly zero, with minimal impact from the selected parameters. The correlation coefficient of the three-channel weighted product is 0.975, and 76.0 % of the matchups fall within the expected error envelope of ±(0.03 + 0.1 × PWV_AERONET). These research findings assist in minimizing bias and enhancing the quality of MERSI-II PWV products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143820882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation and vertical characteristic of cirrus clouds at a midlatitude monsoon site from Ka-band cloud radar observation","authors":"Junjie Fang ,&nbsp;Kaiming Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Cheng ,&nbsp;Zirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Rang Cao ,&nbsp;Fangzheng Cheng ,&nbsp;Fan Yi","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108118","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108118","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on vertically pointing Ka-band MMCR observation in 2020–2021, we investigate the vertical structure and diurnal and seasonal variations of cirrus clouds at a midlatitude monsoon site in central China. Statistical analysis shows that the cirrus clouds occur mostly at 7–15 km with the reflectivity of −42—7 dBZ in summer, and at 5–12 km with the reflectivity of −47— −2 dBZ in winter. From spring to winter, the maximum cirrus occurrence frequency (COF) arises at about −36, −34, −37 and −37 dBZ in the reflectivity domain, at 10.23, 12.00, 10.41, and 8.79 km in the spatial dimension, and at −46, −52, −39 and −43 °C in the temperature domain, respectively. In both the spatial and temperature domains, the COF distribution is approximately consistent with the Gaussian distribution. The seasonal mean ice water content (ice effective radius) is mainly distributed in 1<span><math><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>‐</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-7<span><math><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>‐</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>gm⁻³ (34–46 μm). There is an obvious diurnal change in the cirrus activities. In summer, the COF is relatively small from 5:00 to 12:00, and reaches the maximum at about 20:00, while in autumn, the cirrus clouds are rare between 4:00 and 14:00, and have a significant COF from 19:00 to 24:00. The COF reaches the maximum of 20.03 % in July in 2020 but only 16.16 % in June in 2021. In 2020, the monthly mean cloud base and top heights show a first increase and then decrease, whereas, their evolution exhibits large fluctuations in 2021. The COF has a correlation coefficient of 0.61 with oceanic Niño index (ONI), and the difference of cirrus clouds between 2020 and 2021 is closely associated with the ONI evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The phase-locked effect of north tropical Atlantic SST on the trend-removed 0 °C isotherm elevation along the southern slopes of the Himalayas in pre-monsoon season","authors":"Yun Tao ,&nbsp;Feng Pan ,&nbsp;Jie Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108122","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108122","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study uses HadISST and ERA5 reanalysis data to investigate the trend-removed variability of the 0 °C isotherm elevation, and the main controls on this variability, along the southern slopes of the Himalayas in pre-monsoon season. Here we show that the sea surface temperature (SST) in the north tropical Atlantic Ocean (NTAO) exerts a phase-locked effect on the anomalous seesaw pattern in the 0 °C isotherm elevation with a node around 84.5°E, after the upward trend in the 0 °C isotherm elevation is removed. When the NTAO SST anomalies are warmer than normal, wave-train-like patterns are forced out over western Africa–southeastern Tibetan Plateau with the same anomalous centers from the lower to upper troposphere. An anomalous temperature dipole associated with this wave-train-like pattern is the direct cause of the rise (fall) in the 0 °C isotherm elevation along the southern slopes of the western (eastern) Himalayas in pre-monsoon season. When the NTAO SST anomalies are colder than normal, the opposite situation develops. This significant phase-locked correlation between NTAO SST and trend-removed isotherm elevation, which persists from the previous autumn to the current pre-monsoon season, will help to both elucidate and mitigate the risks posed by glacier-related hazards such as glacial lake outburst floods and avalanches over the southern Himalayas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108122"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of atmospheric warming associated with rapid sea ice loss events on the synoptic time scale in winter","authors":"Xia Hu ,&nbsp;Zhina Jiang ,&nbsp;Linhao Zhong ,&nbsp;Minghu Ding ,&nbsp;Lei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108129","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108129","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines how the Arctic warming during rapid sea ice decline changes over Barents-Kara Seas (BKS) on the synoptic time scale in winter. We divide the satellite record 1979–2024 into two time periods: 1979–2002 (P1) and 2003–2024 (P2), with a focus on the difference between P1 and P2. A rapid sea ice loss event is defined, when the sea ice tendency index falls below the 5th percentile of the corresponding P1/P2 time series for at least three consecutive days. Composite analysis shows that the negative center of sea ice concentration anomaly for rapid sea ice loss events in P2 shifts more northward compared to P1, consistent with the retreat of Arctic sea ice edge due to global warming. Climate change influences the position and structure of atmospheric anticyclonic anomaly over BKS associated with rapid sea ice loss, which makes the maximum adiabatic cooling in the upper troposphere shift to mid-troposphere and enhances the horizontal temperature advection, particularly in the meridional direction near the surface. Consequently, the positive atmospheric temperature anomaly intensifies, with the maximum at 800 hPa shift to the surface, despite enhanced diabatic cooling in the lower troposphere over BKS. This study underscores the significance of enhanced warm horizontal temperature advection with bottom amplified on the surface warming during rapid sea ice decline in the recent decades. As a result, the positive skin temperature anomaly is also magnified, which is due to increased downward longwave radiation resulting from increased atmospheric temperature and moisture over BKS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 108129"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143807648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}