Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Atmospheric deposition of dissolved organic carbon: Magnitude, spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors","authors":"Jing Cao ,&nbsp;Zhihui Chen ,&nbsp;Shiguo Jia ,&nbsp;Jiawei Li ,&nbsp;Wen Xu ,&nbsp;Yuepeng Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric deposition of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is not routinely measured in existing observation networks worldwide. This paucity of measurements prevents the comprehensive assessment of the global DOC budget in the atmosphere and is currently a barrier to understanding the vital role of the airborne DOC input to soil and water. In this study, 172 observations of atmospheric DOC deposition at the global scale published between 1985 and 2024 were compiled. Overall, the global geometric mean DOC concentration and flux were 2.03 ± 2.12 mg C L⁻¹ and 18 kg C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively, with a global budget of approximately 460 Tg C yr⁻¹. While these values are comparable to those reported in previous global-scale studies, they differ across regions. Spatially, the DOC deposition fluxes observed in Africa, Central America, and South America were 2–7 times greater than those reported in North America, Europe, and Asia, which conforms with the spatial distribution of the annual precipitation in these regions, especially for an annual precipitation greater than 1400 mm. When the annual precipitation is less than 1400 mm, the spatial distribution of atmospheric DOC deposition is also influenced by emissions. Owing to the substantial decline in emissions, atmospheric DOC deposition has declined in North America, Asia, and especially in China over the past 10 years.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108079"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and characteristics of regional rainstorm events in China based on a dual-threshold method","authors":"Siyuan Dai,&nbsp;Qi Zhang,&nbsp;Shaofeng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Regional extreme precipitation can cause severe flooding with major environmental and social impacts. While most existing studies either ignored their spatiotemporally contiguous or abnormally break down the events with multiple rainstorm cores, rapid movement, or transient interruptions into multiple isolated fragments. Here, we propose a novel approach for identifying regional rainstorm events (RREs), which integrates dual-threshold with a three-dimensional (longitude, latitude, and time) image connectivity perspective. There were 1163 RREs identified across mainland China from 1991 to 2022 based on the CN05.1 dataset. The spatial, temporal, and movement patterns of RREs were analyzed. Results showed that 71.2 % of RREs lasted only one day, with intensity mostly around 60–70 mm/day. The cumulative magnitude of RREs was most positively correlated with its affected area (<em>r</em> = 0.95). The occurrence frequency of RREs had a significant upward trend during 1991–2022, approximately increased 2.7 events per decade, while the severity slightly declined. Spatially, the highest frequencies of RREs were observed in southeastern China. Based on the movement direction and distance, RREs were classified into four patterns: Eastward Moving, Southwestward Moving, Localized, and Northward Moving. Northward Moving RREs exhibited the largest affected area, the greatest cumulative magnitude, and the longest movement distance, followed by Eastward Moving RREs. Localized RREs had the shortest duration, the smallest affected area and movement distance, but the highest intensity (averaging 92.6 mm/day). Our findings provide new insights for understanding the characteristics of regional extreme precipitation and their driving mechanisms, which are valuable for forecasting and adapting to the resultant disasters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108081"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Integrated water vapor over the Arctic: Comparison between radiosondes and sun photometer observations” [Atmospheric Research 270 (2022) 1–9 /106059]","authors":"Juan Carlos Antuña-Marrero ,&nbsp;Roberto Román ,&nbsp;Victoria E. Cachorroa ,&nbsp;David Mateos ,&nbsp;Carlos Toledano ,&nbsp;Abel Calle ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Antuña-Sánchez ,&nbsp;Ramiro Gonzalez ,&nbsp;Manuel Antón ,&nbsp;Javier Vaquero-Martínez ,&nbsp;Ángel M. de Frutos Baraja","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108072","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108072"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143716239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding the driving mechanism for heat waves variability over South Asia during El Niño and La Niña events","authors":"Gayatri Prasad Adhikari ,&nbsp;Geli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study focuses on heat waves (HWs) variability over South Asia (SA) influenced by El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) during 1950–2023. The influence factor and driving mechanism for HWs variability over SA in the El Niño and La Niña years are discussed. We observe positive composite anomalies of HWs events and frequency over the north-western region of SA in La Niña years but negative composite anomalies in El Niño years. In La Niña years, outgoing long-wave radiation (total cloud cover) over the north-western region of SA has positive (negative) anomalies. Thus, less cloud cover regions allow more solar radiation to increase the surface temperature and HWs. During La Niña years, positive composite anomalies of HWs over the north-western region of SA are mainly due to positive anomalies of outgoing long wave radiation, negative anomalies of total cloud cover, positive anomalies of soil temperature level 1, negative anomalies of relative humidity, positive anomalies of short-wave radiation and negative anomalies of long-wave radiation. However, during El Niño years, negative composite anomalies of HWs over the north-western region of SA are due to negative anomalies of outgoing long wave radiation, positive anomalies of total cloud cover, and negative anomalies of direct solar radiation. During El Niño years, vertical-latitude cross-section and vertical-longitude cross-section analysis show significant positive anomalies of air temperature, positive anomalies of vertical velocity, negative anomalies of relative humidity, and positive anomalies of geopotential height; support increases in the HWs over the southern and central -eastern region of SA. These findings give important insights into how future weather patterns may evolve during ENSO events and can contribute to early forecasting and making heat wave adaptation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108076"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the CMIP6 models for simulating the trend of the Barents-Kara Sea compound heatwaves in boreal autumn","authors":"Yue Xin ,&nbsp;Wenting Hu ,&nbsp;Anmin Duan ,&nbsp;Bin Tang ,&nbsp;Yuheng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108077","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compound heatwaves (CHWs) pose more severe environmental and socio-economic risks than individual heatwave events, with their frequency increasing rapidly worldwide. In the Arctic, particularly the Barents–Kara Sea (BKS), CHWs are intensifying, accelerating ice melt, permafrost thaw, and ecosystem disruptions. Accurate climate projections require a robust assessment of climate models' ability to simulate these extreme events. This study evaluates the performance of 24 CMIP6 models in reproducing autumn CHW trends in the BKS, revealing substantial intermodel discrepancies in trend magnitudes and spatial patterns. The observed BKS regional CHW trend is 0.55 events per decade. Group A models (e.g., ACCESS-CM2, CanESM5, GFDL-CM4) exhibit smaller errors, with a mean absolute bias of −0.03 events per decade, while Group B models (e.g., FGOALS-g3, GFDL-ESM4, MIROC6) show larger discrepancies, with a mean absolute bias of −0.40 events per decade. Further analysis reveals that Group A models better simulate the enhanced moisture transport from the Atlantic to the BKS, a key driver of CHWs, with smaller deviations in latent heat flux and net longwave radiation. The results highlight the significant role of water vapor in the occurrence of CHWs and suggest that improving the representation of these processes could enhance the accuracy of future Arctic CHW projections. This study underscores the importance of model evaluation for improving climate predictions and understanding the dynamics of extreme heat events in high-latitude regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108077"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Roller coaster”-type temperature fluctuations in China in 2024 winter and the asymmetric influence from the Polar front jet","authors":"Ting Ding,&nbsp;Hui Gao,&nbsp;Xiang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Notable “roller coaster”-type temperature fluctuations occurred in the 2024 winter in China though the seasonal mean temperature displayed a normal value. The standard deviation of daily temperature anomalies broke the highest record since 1961. By adopting an objective definition of the “roller coaster”-type temperature fluctuation, 19 events of such occurrences are observed during 1981–2024, four of which occurred in the 2024 winter. Corresponds to the temperature fluctuations in the winter, the Siberian high exhibits a synchronous variation, with significantly greater intensities in the three cold spells and considerably weaker values in the three warm spells. In contrast, the Polar front jet displays an asymmetric influence, with significantly enhanced zonal wind speeds in warm spells, while normal intensity in cold spells. The statistical results for each of the 45-day warm and cold groups in the current winter also support this conclusion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108060"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Land-atmosphere coupling characteristics in summer based on microwave radiometer data at Nagqu site of Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Guantian Wang ,&nbsp;Zeyong Hu ,&nbsp;Haipeng Yu ,&nbsp;Genhou Sun ,&nbsp;Ruijia Niu ,&nbsp;Xin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108074","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108074","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The energy transfer within the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is a crucial variable influencing weather processes both on the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and in its downstream areas. This paper assesses the accuracy of ground-based microwave radiometer (MWR) in comparison with radiosonde data in different weather conditions. The effects of surface heat flux and precipitation on the atmosphere in different weather conditions are quantified to facilitate the study of land- atmosphere coupling in the Nagqu region. The findings indicate that microwave radiometer can provide accurate measurements of air temperature within 4 km height and specific humidity below cloud cover. The variation in surface sensible heat aligns with changes in the convective boundary layer (CBL) height, whereas latent heat shows no significant correlation during the diurnal cycle. Furthermore, daily precipitation process influences the lower atmosphere in the Nagqu region, with the impact scaling with precipitation intensity. The MWR observations indicate that precipitation generated by the Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) has the most significant impact on the land-atmosphere energy exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108074"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightning nowcasting based on high-density area and extrapolation utilizing long-range lightning location data","authors":"Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Jialei Wang ,&nbsp;Yang Song ,&nbsp;Shi Liang ,&nbsp;Min Xia ,&nbsp;Qilin Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lightning poses varying degrees of threat to human production, life and personal safety because of its huge destructive power. Lightning prediction with intensity estimation is an important reference for disaster warning, determining lightning protection level and real-time and dynamic lightning risk assessment. Real-time observation of total lightning can compensate for the problem of limited range or shielding of radar observation and is of great significance for thunderstorm tracking and lightning nowcasting. In this paper, the VLF Lightning Location Network (VLF-LLN) is used to obtain real-time long-range lightning location data. Through density estimation based on the Gaussian mixture model and weighted according to time proximity, the spatio-temporal range and frequency information of lightning high-density area are obtained. Then, a spatio-temporal data extrapolation model ME-RNN is proposed to predict the intensity of lightning activity and its evolution pattern in the thunderstorm region, so as to realize the nowcasting of lightning activity. Based on the PredRNN architecture, the model integrates the MotionGRU operator optimized for the characteristics of lightning data, and integrates the generative adversative network (GAN) to capture the transient changes of lightning phenomena and predict its movement trend. At 6 min, 18 min and 36 min before the thunderstorm reached the area of concentration (AOC), the prediction accuracy of the model was 94.1 %, 79.4 % and 65.8 %, respectively. Furthermore, the ME-RNN model can track the active thunderstorm cells associated with lightning activity, and realize the prediction of the separation and merging of lightning high-density area, as well as the prediction of moving trend.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 108070"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143687669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic prediction of PM2.5 concertation in China using experience replay with multi-period memory buffers","authors":"Haoze Shi,&nbsp;Xin Yang,&nbsp;Hong Tang,&nbsp;Yuhong Tu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PM_2.5 pollution is a significant contributor to both respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. An aging population is more sensitive to air pollution. Hence accurately predicting PM_2.5 concentrations is crucial for safeguarding public health in an aging society. Machine learning is one of the key research methods in the field of PM_2.5 concentration short-term forecasting. However, existing short-term forecasting methods often prioritize model improvements, while overlooking the fundamental patterns of PM_2.5 concentration data. Utilizing only the temporally closest observations cannot take full advantage of the information provided by historical datasets. Wavelet analysis of datasets in this study revealed the periodic components in PM_2.5 concentrations. Building on this periodic variation, we proposed an experience replay strategy that integrates both a long-term and a short-term memory buffer to enhance PM_2.5 concentration prediction. The long-term memory buffer stores historical events that are similar to the current pollution scenario, providing the model with a stable historical reference. Meanwhile, the short-term memory buffer captures exceptional samples that are challenging to predict, thus ensuring greater adaptability in scenarios with high variability and uncertainty. The next three-day 5 km PM_2.5 concentration grid-prediction experiment was carried out on four typical models in 2020 across China. The results show that the proposed experience replay strategy significantly improv es prediction accuracy on all models. By repeatedly replaying the stored experience, the model progressively strengthens its generalization ability and prediction accuracy, particularly in complex, dynamic, and pollution-prone environments. The proposed approach in this study will contribute to public health protection and environmental management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The explanation of small- and medium-watershed-scale bias variability in IMERG in Chinese humid regions","authors":"Wen Liu ,&nbsp;Haishen Lü ,&nbsp;Yonghua Zhu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Wang ,&nbsp;Mingwen Liu ,&nbsp;Yiding Ding ,&nbsp;Jianbin Su","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The absence of in situ precipitation data in remote small and medium watersheds (SMWs) highlights the need for reliable satellite precipitation estimations (SPEs). This study evaluates and compares the updated Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement (IMERG) V07 Final Run uncalibrated (V07F-Uncal) and calibrated (V07F-Cal) products against their predecessors (V06F-Uncal and V06F-Cal). The comparison is conducted across 339 SMWs in Chinese humid regions during the summers from 2015 to 2020, using rain gauge observations as benchmarks. Conditional multivariate regression is employed to examine the relationships between satellite precipitation <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> values and factors such as precipitation intensity, surface temperature, and fraction of vegetation cover (FVC). Results show that V07F-Uncal outperforms V06F-Uncal in terms of <span><math><mi>CC</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>RMSE</mi></math></span> in most mountainous and coastal SMWs, but it consistently underestimates precipitation, particularly in the mountainous regions. <span><math><mi>Bias</mi></math></span> for both V07F-Uncal and V06F-Uncal transitions from positive to increasingly negative values with rising precipitation intensity. V07F-Uncal exhibits a tighter distribution of <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> values across all intensity categories compared to V06F-Uncal, but it shows a pronounced negative <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> in high-intensity categories. In terms of performance metrics and the distribution of <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> values, V06F-Cal demonstrates marked improvements over V06F-Uncal. However, the enhancements observed in V07F-Cal relative to V07F-Uncal are not substantial. As for the variability of <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> values associated with changes in precipitation intensity, surface temperature and FVC, the explained <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> variability in V07F-Uncal is significantly higher than in V06F-Uncal, averaging approximately 43 % versus 22 %. In western mountainous SMWs, this variability is also greater than in the eastern region (52 % versus 34 %). Precipitation intensity is the primary factor explaining <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> variability for both V07F-Uncal and V06F-Uncal, although in specific regions, the <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> variability of V06F-Uncal may relate to the surface temperature or its interaction with precipitation intensity. FVC exerts minimal influence (&lt;3 %) on <span><math><mi>bias</mi></math></span> variability for both products. This research is crucial for improving the accuracy of SPEs in SMWs, which are vital for flood simulation and disaster adaptation in ungauged SMWs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"320 ","pages":"Article 108075"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}