Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Distributional characteristics and causes of single-layer stratiform clouds over typical region in the southeastern Pacific Ocean","authors":"Ximing Deng ,&nbsp;Yong Han ,&nbsp;Chunsong Lu ,&nbsp;Xinxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yurong Zhang ,&nbsp;Tianwei Lu ,&nbsp;Li Dong ,&nbsp;Qicheng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108207","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108207","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Single-layer Stratiform clouds (Sc), as the most common cloud system for stratiform clouds, plays an important role in global radiative balance due to their duration and extensive coverage. However, there are still substantial uncertainties in their formation and radiative forcing. In this paper, we use the Cloudsat 2B-CLDCLASS-LIDAR product from 2007 to 2010 to distinguish it from other cloud types. ERA5 data and 2B-FLXHR-LIDAR from the same period are used to investigate its formation mechanisms and radiative effects. The results show that the single-layer Sc exhibits obvious seasonal variation in the spatial distribution, which is closely related to the distribution of whole-layer humidity (TCWV) and Lower Tropospheric Stability (LTS). Different aerosol concentrations alter their effects. When aerosol optical depth (AOD) is less than 0.12, increased TCWV suppresses cloud formation, amplified by stronger LTS. However, as AOD &gt; 0.14, TCWV promotes cloud fraction (CF), while LTS weakens this effect. CGT is a key meteorological indicator that, when fixed, reduces the impact of meteorological factors (e.g., TCWV, LTS) on cloud structure, enabling a clearer assessment of CF' s effect on cloud radiative effect (CRE). The results show CF has a larger impact on shortwave radiative forcing (CRE_SW) than on longwave (CRE_SW), but its effect depends on the cloud geometric thickness (CGT). When the cloud layer is thin (CGT &lt; 310.3 m), the CF enhances the cloud shortwave and longwave radiative effect, resulting in a regional cooling effect (slope_{_CERnet} = −25.2); the thick cloud layer (CGT &gt; 310.3 m) will inhibit CRE_SW but enhance CRE_LW, thereby diminishing the cooling effect (slope_{_CERnet} = −19.89). This study will help improve the simulation of cloud radiative forcing, thereby reducing uncertainties in climate change assessments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108207"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and mechanisms of summer long-lived heatwaves in Western North America: Perspective from Rossby wave train","authors":"Qian Qiang ,&nbsp;Jian Shi ,&nbsp;Jiajie Chen ,&nbsp;Hengxing Qu ,&nbsp;Yichuan Lu ,&nbsp;Fei Huang ,&nbsp;Chun Li ,&nbsp;Saisai Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108208","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108208","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric heatwave events have substantial socioeconomic impacts, which have been widely studied under global climate change. This study investigates the characteristics and differences between long-lived and short-lived heatwave events (LHWs and SHWs). First, we identify heatwave events over the Western North America (WNA) over 1981–2022 and categorize them based on the 90th percentile of their duration parameter. Then, we reveal that the LHWs exhibit stronger surface warming with a stronger and thicker warm layer. Circulation anomalies show an anomalous ridge above the WNA, which is more persistent with a greater central value of positive geopotential height anomalies for LHWs. Furthermore, we reveal the important role of mid-to-high-latitude teleconnection in maintaining the LHWs. We find that the diabatic heating released by increased precipitation near Japan can excite Rossby wave trains crossing the Pacific Ocean, and then reach North America, which contributes to maintaining the anomalous ridge of LHWs. Moreover, positive diabatic heating anomalies, related to land-atmosphere interaction, in Central Siberia are also favorable for the generation or persistence of the anomalous ridge and thus the LHWs. Finally, we validate the above teleconnection mechanisms by using the linear baroclinic model and Community Atmosphere Model 5.0 model. By comparison, there is negligible cross-Pacific propagation of Rossby wave energy before the peak of SHWs. This study presents evidence of climate linkages of East Asia and Central Siberia with WNA, which may provide potential predictability for LHWs over the WNA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108208"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced relationship between preceding autumn-winter sea ice over Greenland Sea and following Indian Summer Monsoon rainfall after early-2000s","authors":"Chen Chen ,&nbsp;Gang Zeng ,&nbsp;Shiyue Zhang ,&nbsp;Yining Tao ,&nbsp;Aminu Dalhatu Datti","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study investigates the temporal variation in the connection between Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) and Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) during 1980–2023. The ISMR shows an insignificant correlation with the preceding October–November–December–January (OND(−1)J(0)) Greenland Sea SIC (GSSIC) during 1980–2001, whereas the relationship turns to be significant positive during 2002–2023. During this latter period, the increasing GSSIC in preceding OND(−1)J(0) can exert wave trains that travel from North Atlantic to northeast Pacific, inducing anomalous anticyclone and cyclone over northeast of Hawaii and southwest of Mexico, respectively. This, in turn, generates a dipole sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) over northeast Pacific, with positive SSTA northeast of Hawaii and negative SSTA southwest of Mexico. The Wind-Evaporation-SST (WES) feedback helps maintain this dipole SSTA through to the following June–July–August–September, contributing to the negative SSTA over north central tropical Pacific (NCTP). The negative NCTP SSTA can induce anomalous ascending motion over the western Pacific–Indian Ocean by modulating Walker circulation, ultimately leading to increase ISMR. In contrast, during 1980–2001, GSSIC shows stronger co-variation with North Atlantic dipole (NAD) SSTA compared with that during 2002–2023. Due to the response of atmospheric circulation anomalies to the GSSIC are nearly opposite to those in terms of the NAD SSTA, the influence of the GSSIC anomalies on the wave trains over Northern Hemisphere is disturbed. Therefore, the GSSIC anomalies can slightly impact on the SSTA over northeast Pacific, resulting in weaker GSSIC-ISMR relationship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108228"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144107509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Year-to-year fluctuations in fog-water collection in central Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula and the influential large-scale tropospheric circulation patterns","authors":"Eduardo Andres Agosta ,&nbsp;David Corell ,&nbsp;María José Estrela","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the mean annual cycles of monthly cumulated fog-water amounts (CFW) in the central Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula (MIP), highlighting the interplay between meteorological conditions, topography, and geographic location. Seasonal asymmetry in fog-water collection is evident, with summer exhibiting higher fog collection frequency but lower water volumes. In contrast, non-summer seasons feature lower frequency but higher intensity fog events.</div><div>Tropospheric circulation anomalies at mid- and low-tropospheric levels reveal that fog-water collection is influenced by moisture transport from the Mediterranean, particularly during high fog-collection months. Positive specific humidity anomalies near coastal areas, driven by southeasterly wind anomalies, are crucial for frequent fog formation, while broader, less concentrated anomalies characterize higher-intensity fog events. These findings align with prior research emphasizing the role of cyclonic conditions and maritime moisture advection in enhancing fog-water collection yields.</div><div>Additionally, seasonal variations in tropospheric circulation anomalies are linked to large-scale teleconnection patterns such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and Eastern Atlantic-Western Russia (EAWR) patterns. These modulate moisture advection, precipitation anomalies, and low-level winds that drive fog formation and collection. In summer, subtropical high-pressure weakening contributes to increased fog-water cumulates, while winter anomalies highlight the impact of quasi-stationary cyclonic circulations and autumn anomalies, positive NAO/AO phases.</div><div>These results underscore the climatic importance of fog-water collection for water resource management in drought-prone regions and provide a foundation for future climate monitoring and prediction under anthropogenic radiative forcing. The study's insights have practical implications for enhancing water availability through fog collection in Mediterranean ecosystems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108210"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and three-dimensional evolution characterization of long duration and high severity drought in Xinjiang based on precipitable water vapor","authors":"Shikang Zhao ,&nbsp;Zhenxia Mu ,&nbsp;Zilong Li ,&nbsp;Rongqin Yang ,&nbsp;Mianting Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108218","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108218","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the scarcity of measured precipitation data in arid zones and the numerous factors affecting the uncertainty of precipitation data from multiple sources, understanding precipitation patterns is limited, and drought monitoring is constrained. Whereas water vapor content is closely related to precipitation, changes in water vapor can be an important indicator of drought development. Therefore, this paper takes Xinjiang as the study area, introduces precipitable water vapor, and constructs two new drought indices, the standardized and nonparametric standardized precipitable water indices (SPWI and NSPWI), using parametric and nonparametric kernel density estimation methods. Aiming at the drought characteristics of long duration and intensity in the study area, an identification method for long-duration and high-severity drought (LHD) events was proposed using the three-dimensional clustering method and the Copula function. The three-dimensional evolution characteristics and centroid migration patterns of LHD events were then analyzed.The results indicate that: (1) The newly constructed drought index can be used for drought monitoring in Xinjiang, and the performance of SPWI is better than that of NSPWI. (2) Based on the three-dimensional clustering method, which can better identify the drought events in the study region, it was found that the droughts were mostly concentrated in 1960–1987, and there was a trend from dry to wet. (3) The LHD events were identified based on the joint distribution probability of drought duration and severity greater than 75 %, and it was found that droughts originated in the southern and died out in the western part of the study region, that droughts were likely to be more frequent the deeper inland and farther away from the ocean, and that droughts lasted for longer periods and had a wider impact area; mountainous areas are more profoundly affected by the LHD events than plains and deserts areas. (4) LHD events have a wider centroid migration distance, and their drought development process is more complex, with spatial and temporal distributions. The drought index that introduces precipitable water vapor and the LHD event identification method proposed in this study can provide some guidance for the enhancement of drought prevention and mitigation capabilities in arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 108218"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detectable Anthropogenic Expansion of Compound Dry and Hot Event Areas on Global Land","authors":"Wei Li ,&nbsp;Xinrui Liu ,&nbsp;Qiaohong Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anthropogenic influence have led to an increase in the frequency of compound dry and hot events (CDHEs) globally under the background of global warming. However, there is limited research on the extent of anthropogenic influence on the spatial extent of CDHEs. Our analysis, focusing on the changes in the affected area of CDHEs across the global land during the warm season from 1961 to 2013, indicates an increasing trend in both hemispheres and six continents, with the most obviously increases observed in the Northern Hemisphere (15.8 %/53 yr), Asia (16 %/53 yr), and Africa (14 %/53 yr). Using the optimal fingerprinting method for detection and attribution analysis, we found that the anthropogenic signal was robustly detected in all regions except Oceania. The greenhouse gases emission played a major role in the observed increasing trends in all regions except Oceania. Furthermore, we conducted an event attribution analysis for the 2022–like CDHEs areas in the Northern Hemisphere, finding that nearly 95 %, 91 %, and 89 % of the trends in the Northern Hemisphere, Asia, and Europe, respectively, could be attributed to anthropogenic climate change. Using the attribution result, we constrained projections of spatial extent of CDHEs under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 emission scenarios. The constrained projections show a smaller increasing magnitude compared to the raw projections (except for Asia), with the largest differences observed in South America in the Southern Hemisphere. By 2100, the CDHEs areas in the Northern Hemisphere are projected to reach 43 % and 68 % under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios, respectively. Asia faces the most widespread impact from CHDEs, with more than 93 % under the SSP5–8.5 scenario and 56 % under the SSP2–4.5 scenario. Therefore, reducing greenhouse gas emissions has huge benefits for better mitigating the impacts of CDHEs across the global land.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108219"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A stratocumulus to cumulus transition during a cold-air outbreak: The role of aerosols","authors":"Elissavet Bossioli ,&nbsp;Georgia Sotiropoulou ,&nbsp;Michail Karalis ,&nbsp;Steven J. Abel","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108211","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108211","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cold air outbreaks (CAOs) are phenomena that occur across high latitudes during winter months and favor the development of extensive boundary layer clouds. As the boundary layer evolves, changes in cloud morphology often result in a stratocumulus to cumulus transition (SCT). The onset of precipitation is considered to be a key factor that leads to the break-up of the stratocumulus deck. In this modeling study we investigate the additional role that aerosols have on the SCT within a CAO event in the North Atlantic, by using prognostic fields for both aerosols and cloud droplet number concentrations (N_d). By using two chemical/aerosol schemes we assess and quantify the impact of aerosols on the SCT evolution. Our results indicate that the aerosol load and its chemical composition affect the timing of precipitation initiation and its magnitude and thus the break-up. However, the two schemes reveal contradictory results, which are mainly associated with different aerosol size and chemical composition partitioning between modes and bins. The simulations with the aerosol scheme, which considers the modal approach, show that the reduction of N_d across the SCT is driven by changes in the cloud liquid water content, the sulfate availability, and the fine sea-spray availability in the cumulus region, which suppresses sulfate activation. The N_d decreases mostly follow the decrease in accumulation-mode aerosols. For the scheme that considers the sectional approach, both the stratiform and the cumulus clouds appear sensitive to new particles formation and their competition for water. However, in the cumulus region, the higher updrafts and the greater availability of fine sea salt particles become critical for the activation of small particles. New particle formation and background sulfate concentrations are critical in this pristine environment, while sea salt particles have a significant impact on SCT in both sets of simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108211"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144067246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial-temporal heterogeneity of carbon dioxide concentration in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei based on interpretable theory","authors":"Zihua Liu ,&nbsp;Yongqiang Cao ,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yao ,&nbsp;Fan Mo ,&nbsp;Xiaoming Gao ,&nbsp;Nan Xu ,&nbsp;Haiying Gong ,&nbsp;Tong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With rapid urbanization, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region has experienced intensifying greenhouse effects due to increases in global carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentrations. Therefore, studying the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of CO₂ concentrations and understanding the causes of regional climate change have become crucial. Although previous studies have focused on calculating regional carbon sources and sinks, explicit and directly interpretable analyses targeting CO₂ concentrations per se remain limited. Based on multi-source satellite data, this study systematically analyzed changes in the spatiotemporal distribution of CO₂ concentrations in the BTH region and its dynamic relationship with environmental factors from 2003 to 2021 using long short-term memory network and interpretability theory models. The results showed that CO₂ exhibits a high value area with spatiotemporal flux that shifts from northwest to southeast and has a seasonally fluctuating growth rate of 2.29 ppm/year. Nightlight (NTL) data were highly correlated with the CO₂ concentration (0.98), whereas the correlation coefficient between the two centers of gravity was 0.57, indicating a moderate effect on CO₂ concentration increases and spatial changes. Moreover, the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) (0.92) was most strongly correlated with interannual changes in CO₂, followed by precipitation (0.51), temperature (0.44), and solar radiation (0.14), and the contributions of diurnal variations in these parameters to the spatiotemporal characteristics of CO₂ are ordered temperature (6.79) &gt; NDVI (6.36) &gt; solar radiation (2.20) &gt; precipitation (1.66). Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the spatiotemporal characteristics of CO₂ concentrations in the BTH region and reveals the driving effects of different factors, especially with regard to natural factors that present nonlinear change characteristics. Moreover, our findings have theoretical and practical significance for reducing CO₂ concentrations and mitigating greenhouse effects in the BTH region and other industrial city clusters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108215"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust Typhoon Rainfall forecasting based on machine learning and Bayesian model averaging","authors":"Yifan Chen ,&nbsp;Jingwen Zhang ,&nbsp;Zejun Li ,&nbsp;Pan Liu ,&nbsp;Lei Guo ,&nbsp;Kairong Lin ,&nbsp;Mingzhong Xiao ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Typhoon-induced heavy rainfall can lead to severe flooding, causing significant damage to social systems. Although machine learning (ML) offers an efficient approach for typhoon rainfall forecasting, individual models often exhibit considerable uncertainty. To address this, this study proposes a robust typhoon rainfall forecasting model based on Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) with four ML models including Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Regression (SVR), K-Nearest Neighbors Regression (KNN), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) across 0–6 h lead time. The model incorporates three types of features within the typhoon impact area (radius of 400 km): typhoon characteristics, grid spatial attributes and meteorological characteristics. Typhoon characteristics of each grid are dynamically weighted to reflect the weakening typhoon impacts with increasing distance from the typhoon center. Based on these features, multiple scenarios consisting of two experiments (Input Unchanged (IU) and Rolling Forecast (RO)) paired with various input designs (ALL: all features, SHAP3: 3 most critical variables, and LAG4: 4 lagged rainfall) are designed to explore the performance of all models. Case study of 28 typhoons affecting Guangdong Province from 2020 to 2023 clearly demonstrated that the weighted typhoon wind speed contributed the most in typhoon rainfall forecasting, and the BMA approach significantly enhanced the forecast accuracy. Leveraging sufficient effective information as model inputs could significantly improve the predictive performance of individual models in long-term forecasting. This method could provide flexible and suitable scenario options for data-rich and data-scarce regions, supporting early disaster warning during typhoon-prone seasons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108216"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal variation and clustered routes of atmospheric speciated mercury transported from the East and West Channels of Taiwan Island to South China Sea","authors":"Mei-Yun Xiao ,&nbsp;Wen-Hsi Cheng ,&nbsp;Yu-Lun Tseng ,&nbsp;Po-Hsuan Yen ,&nbsp;Chung-Shin Yuan ,&nbsp;Jia-Yi Zhao ,&nbsp;Ming-Shiou Jeng","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108209","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108209","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the spatiotemporal variation and long-range transport characteristics of atmospheric speciated mercury (ASM) along the West and East Channels surrounding Taiwan Island toward the South China Sea (SCS) in East Asia. Field sampling was conducted at three remote island sites, and potential sources of ASM were examined using backward trajectory clustering and regional fire maps. Seasonally, ASM concentrations followed the order: spring &gt; winter &gt; fall &gt; summer, with higher ASM levels observed in the western waters of Taiwan Island than those in the eastern waters. Among the mercury species, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) was predominant, and followed by particulate-bound mercury (PBM) and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), with total gaseous mercury (TGM = GEM+GOM) accounting for 92.1–98.4 % of ASM. Clustered trajectory analysis indicated that Asian Northeastern Monsoons (ANMs) may transport ASMs originating from continental sources in North and East Asia to the island sites via long-range transport. Slash-and-burn activities in the Indochina Peninsula and mainland China during spring and winter contributed to elevated ASM levels. The West Channel exhibited a pronounced “channel effect,” amplifying industrial emissions across the Taiwan Strait and resulting in higher ASM levels at the Penghu Islands. Conversely, the East Channel received diluted air masses through long-range transport from the Korean Peninsula and North China via Green Island and the Bashi Channel, leading to relatively lower ASM levels at the Dongsha Island. Overall, this study highlights the importance of seasonal circulation patterns and regional combustion sources in shaping mercury distribution in the marine boundary layer of East Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 108209"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}