Atmospheric Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Arctic Sea ice anomalies on tropical cyclogenesis over the eastern North Pacific: Role of northern Atlantic Sea surface temperature anomalies","authors":"Xi Cao, Renguang Wu, Pengfei Wang, Zhibiao Wang, Lei Zhou, Shangfeng Chen, Liang Wu, Suqin Zhang, Xianling Jiang, Zhencai Du, Yifeng Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107844","url":null,"abstract":"The present study identifies a close linkage between spring (MAM) sea ice concentration (SIC) anomalies in the Greenland-Barents (GB) Seas and the tropical cyclone (TC) genesis frequency over the eastern North Pacific (ENP) in the subsequent summer and fall (JJASON) during 1979–2022. An increase in MAM GB SIC anomalies results in a decrease in subsequent JJASON ENP TC genesis frequency. The physical process for the influence of Arctic sea ice anomalies on TC formation is further examined. Detailed dynamical diagnosis reveals that a higher GB SIC during MAM results in an increase in upward shortwave radiation, leading to sea surface temperature (SST) cooling. This SST cooling triggers a teleconnection atmospheric wave train, traversing Eurasia, the northern Pacific and the northern America and reaching the northern Atlantic. The associated anomalous cyclone over mid-latitude northern Atlantic is accompanied by anomalous southwesterly winds over the subtropics, leading to SST warming in the subtropical northern Atlantic through weakening total wind speed and upward surface latent heat flux. SST warming in the subtropical northern Atlantic extends southward into the tropical Atlantic via wind-evaporation-SST feedback during the subsequent summer and autumn, which induces an anomalous zonal-vertical circulation with descending motion over the ENP. This descending motion reduces relative humidity and weakens local convection over the ENP, and thus is unfavorable for TC genesis there. This study suggests that the spring GB SIC could serve as a potential predictor of JJASON ENP TC genesis.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Observed size-dependent effect of the marine air on aerosols hygroscopicity at a coastal site of Shenzhen, China","authors":"SongJian Zou, Lu Chen, Honghao Xu, Rou Zhang, Mengyu Liu, Guiquan Liu, Jianhuai Ye, Honglong Yang, Hao Wu, Yinshan Yang, Fang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107830","url":null,"abstract":"Aerosols hygroscopicity and CCN activity in coastal area is influenced by continental-marine air interaction, probably exerting a profound climate effect. In this study, combining field measurement at a coastal site in Shenzhen with a back trajectory model, we have identified an externally-mixed sea salt mode in accumulated particles, where the hygroscopic parameter (<ce:italic>κ</ce:italic>) ranges from 0.97 to 1.14. The sea salt mode, however, was not observed for ultrafine particles in nucleation/Aitken modes. Nonetheless, the.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"82 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multi hazard extreme weather event in Southern Italy: Assessment and sensitivity tests of the WRF model","authors":"E. Avolio, G. Castorina, R.C. Torcasio, S. Federico","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107827","url":null,"abstract":"A deep convective system affected the southern Mediterranean on 3–4 December 2022 causing heavy rains and wind gusts over three Italian regions (Sicily, Calabria, and Apulia) and a tornado in Calabria. We study the forecast sensitivity of this multi-hazard weather event to different physical parameterizations and configuration settings of the WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) model, used at convection permitting horizontal resolution; in particular, we performed sensitivity tests on the role of the initial and boundary conditions, on the Sea Surface Temperature (SST), on the model horizontal resolution and on the cumulus parameterization. Moreover, a 6 h rapid update data assimilation analysis (3DVAR)/forecast cycle was investigated to further study the short-term forecast capabilities of the modeling system. Most of the WRF configurations are able to well simulate the characteristics of the weather system, even if there are differences among the configurations, especially at the local scale, which causes differences in forecast performances. We found that the quality of the forecast is sensitive to the initial and boundary conditions with the best members having a probability of detection around 30–40 % for rainfall intensities of 40–50 mm/6 h. Most of the forecasts decrease their performance for larger precipitation thresholds, with few exceptions. Specifically, we found that increasing the horizontal resolution was beneficial for the case study as the probability of detection remains larger than 0.2 for rainfall thresholds larger than 60 mm/6 h and up to 100 mm/6 h. In addition, the forecast with lightning and radar reflectivity data assimilation has a probability of detection larger than 0.4 for the same intense thresholds; in both cases false alarms are not increased. For the tornado simulation, no improvement was found adopting 3DVAR. A possible forecasting strategy for severe weather events is outlined.","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142816549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Quantifying the effect of wind turbines on lightning location and characteristics” [Atmospheric Research Volume 221, 30 January 2019]","authors":"Serge Soula, Jean-François Georgis, David Salaün","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107824","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Broadband VHF lightning radiation sources localization by ESPRIT algorithm","authors":"Shuangjiang Du ,&nbsp;Lihua Shi ,&nbsp;Shi Qiu,&nbsp;Yantao Duan,&nbsp;Yun Li,&nbsp;Zheng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fast and fine radiation source localization algorithm is of vital importance to lightning warning and protection. Current high-accuracy localization techniques, such as the time reversal technique (TR) and the multiple signal classification (MUSIC), are based on traversal search mechanism, which takes a long time. In this paper, the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique (ESPRIT) is applied to lightning radiation source localization, and the direction of arrival (DOA) can be directly solved through the covariance matrix, so it is very efficient. For the broadband VHF signal, the incoherent signal method (ISM) is combined with ESPRIT. Two classical structures of uniform <span><math><mi>L</mi></math></span>-shaped array and uniform circular array are studied and applied to ESPRIT algorithm. As for the uniform circular array, the fourth order cumulant matrix is constructed to find the translation invariant subarrays. To unwrap the phase ambiguity caused by the calculated phase angle of ESPRIT algorithm, the total least difference of slope (TLDS) principle is proposed. The proposed ESPRIT algorithm is more than 1400 times faster than MUSIC while its localization accuracy is still pretty high, which is able to detect the radiation source under -8 dB signal to noise ratio (SNR) according to the result of numerical simulations, and can map continuous and fine lightning development channel in the experiments on the measured lightning data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107812"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of complex orography on numerical simulations of a downburst event in Spain","authors":"J. Díaz-Fernández ,&nbsp;C. Calvo-Sancho ,&nbsp;P. Bolgiani ,&nbsp;M. Sastre ,&nbsp;M. López-Reyes ,&nbsp;S. Fernández-González ,&nbsp;M.L. Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107821","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107821","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A downburst is a localized and intense downdraft of air that descends quickly from the middle troposphere and reaches the Earth's surface. It is frequently originated by a thunderstorm or a supercell. Downburst winds can cause significant damage to buildings, infrastructure, and pose a great threat to aviation traffic. On July 1, 2018, many supercells were spotted near the Zaragoza Airport (Spain), and at least one of them generated a downburst that affected the airport, causing significant damage in the surrounding area. This event is here simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) numerical weather prediction model. Three different WRF-ARW orography experiments are carried out to investigate if the region's complex orography has an important role in supercell and downburst development over the research area. One of the three experiments uses the default orography as control; another one uses a 90 % smoothed orography, and the third experiment is configured with a high-resolution dataset. Several atmospheric and convective variables are compared for each orography experiment. Results show that MUCAPE is clearly higher when the orography complexity is reduced. The smoothing process leads to a more uniform wind flow, contributing to the formation of numerous supercells. However, supercells channel through valleys and mountains in the control and high-resolution orography experiments, where the surface wind divergences are uniquely reproduced, and the highest reflectivity values are observed. Moisture advection from the Mediterranean Sea is essential in the process, reaching more deeply into the study region in the smoothed orography experiment due to the lack of orographic barriers. Orography affects dynamic and thermodynamic features, which have considerable effects on the formation and development of downbursts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107821"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142723846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation into the dominant cloud microphysical processes in extreme-rain-producing storms occurred on 7 May 2017 over Southern China","authors":"Jinfang Yin ,&nbsp;Liyan Wang ,&nbsp;Feng Li ,&nbsp;Haoran Li ,&nbsp;Zhiming Zhou ,&nbsp;Hong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107820","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107820","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents an analysis of the dominant cloud microphysical processes of the extreme rainfall event on 7 May 2017, using a series of convective-permitting simulations. Special emphasis is placed on the microphysical processes of two extreme-rain-producing storms, yielding hourly rainfalls exceeding 120 mm. For the Huashan (HS) storm, a large amount of cloud water is produced through condensation (PRW_VCD) within the storm, and significant rainwater is generated by the collection of cloud water by raindrops (PRR_RCW). As for the Jiulong (JL) storm, warm rain microphysical processes are as same as the HS storm. Additionally, considerable rainwater is produced via the collection of graupel by raindrops (PRR_RCG), with contributions also coming from the melting of graupel (PRR_GML). It is noteworthy that there is slight evaporation of raindrops (PRV_REV) in both storms. To verify the dominant cloud microphysical processes of the extreme rainfalls, an experiment has been conducted using a simple ice microphysics scheme that covers the aforementioned dominant microphysical processes. The results indicate that extreme rainfalls are well replicated with the simple microphysics scheme, showing good agreement in spatial distribution and temporal evolution with observations and the control run. The experiment confirms largely the dominant cloud microphysical processes responsible for the extreme rainfall. Based on the results, we propose that placing special emphasis on the treatment of snow terminal velocity in the Thompson scheme would improve the performance of the scheme for heavy rainfall simulation. The findings gained here may help further understand cloud microphysical processes for localized extreme rainfall over southern China, and provide guidance for the improvement of cloud microphysics schemes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107820"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term distribution and evolution trends of absorption aerosol optical depth with different chemical components in global and typical regions","authors":"Hujia Zhao ,&nbsp;Ke Gui ,&nbsp;Yangfeng Wang ,&nbsp;Yaqiang Wang ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Yu Zheng ,&nbsp;Lei Li ,&nbsp;Xiaofang Jia ,&nbsp;Huizheng Che ,&nbsp;Xiaoye Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107819","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107819","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different types of atmospheric aerosols have different climatic effects. In this study, MERRA-2 reanalysis data of absorption aerosol optical depth (AAOD) products at 550 nm from 1980 to 2018 were used to analyse the long-term distribution characteristics and evolution trends of the AAOD of different chemical components globally and in 12 typical study areas. We also analysed the seasonal and interannual monthly variations of the different chemical components of AAOD. In the 40-year study period from 1980 to 2018, the maximum value of total AAOD (TAAOD) appears in the southern regions of SD (Sahara Desert), CSA (Central Southern Africa), NC (Northern China), SC (Southern China), and SEA (Southeastern Asia) (&gt; 0.040). The highest value of dust AAOD (DUAAOD) is in SD (0.030–0.040), and the contribution rate reaches 80 %; while in SC, SEA, and AMZ, black carbon AAOD (BCAAOD) contributes 80 %–90 %. The high-value area of DUAAOD in SD-ME-NWC expands in spring, and the dust belt formed in summer results in a larger DUAAOD (&gt; 0.050). The proportion of BCAAOD in autumn and winter is larger in the dust belt, which is another major contributor to AAOD in this region. The monthly distributions of TAAOD in SEA, CSA, NC, and AMZ are mainly affected by biomass combustion, while the DU in ME (Middle East), NWC (Northwestern China), and SD has a greater effect on AAOD, and the TAAOD in NEA (Northeastern Asia), WEU (Western Europe), EUS (Eastern United States), SC, SA (Southern Asia), and other regions is mainly affected by both DU and BC + OC (in which OC refers to organic carbon). The interannual variations of BCAAOD and OCAAOD tend to be flat before 2000, and then show an increasing trend. BCAAOD has the largest relative contribution (at about 60 %), followed by DUAAOD (at about 30 %), and then OCAAOD has the smallest contribution (at less than 10 %). From a global perspective, AAOD shows different increasing trends during 1980–2018, 1980–1992, and 1993–2005, and decreases or even completely reverses during 2006–2018. This paper provides the distribution characteristics and evolutionary trends of different chemical components of AAOD, which can improve scientific understanding of global- and regional-scale aerosols and their climatic effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107819"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric CO2 column concentration over Iran: Emissions, GOSAT satellite observations, and WRF-GHG model simulations","authors":"Samira Karbasi ,&nbsp;Amir Hossein Abdi ,&nbsp;Hossein Malakooti ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Garcia Orza","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107818","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107818","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Regarding global warming and climate change, carbon dioxide (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) is one of the most important greenhouse gases. Simulating CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; gas at hourly/weekly time intervals and desired vertical resolution is challenging due to the coarse horizontal resolution of global models. In this study, both column-averaged CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mixing ratio (XCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) and vertical cross sections of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mixing ratio were simulated by the Weather Research and Forecast Green House gas (WRF-GHG) model at spatial resolutions of 30 and 10 km for the Middle East region as the first domain, and Iran as the second domain. Simulations consider the primary CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; sources (anthropogenic, biogenic, fire, and oceanic) and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) dataset. XCO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; retrieved from GOSAT satellite observations was employed to evaluate the simulation results of the column-averaged CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations in February and August 2010. The evaluations showed that the spatiotemporal variability of meteorological variables was well simulated by WRF-GHG with correlation coefficients r of 0.86–0.92, 0.67–0.75, and 0.76–0.82 for temperature, wind, and relative humidity, respectively, during February and August 2010. The evaluations also indicated that the WRF-GHG simulations outperformed the global model TM3, with mean bias error values of − 0.79 and 0.45 PPMV for WRF-GHG in February and August, respectively. The percentage contribution of net CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; emissions from human activities in Iran was calculated as (38.33 % and 23.70 %) of the total emissions, respectively, with values of 4.4 and 0.85 kg/km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt; in each month. The net emissions contributions of biogenic, fire, and oceanic sources were evaluated in February and August, with biogenic emissions contributing (31.901 % and 27.66 %), biogenic absorption contributing (24.07 % and 46.63 %), fire emissions contributing (5.7 % and 2.064 %), and oceanic emissions contributing (3.23 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt; % and 2.23 × 10&lt;sup&gt;−6&lt;/sup&gt; %). Large-scale circulations and biogenic activity are responsible for the major features of the spatial and seasonal distribution of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the area. In February, column mixing ratios are higher in more northern latitudes; in August, they are higher to the south. Furthermore, the simulated vertical cross sections show high CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; mixing ratios in the mid-lower troposphere and northerly/northeasterly advection in February; the vertical profile is inverted in August with high concentrations in the lower stratosphere associated with southwesterly advection. However, the interaction between the synoptic and sub-synoptic features with the topography determines the precise dispersion and distribution of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;. Despite the negligible emissions in central and eastern Iran, these factors play an important role in the observed concentrations in February and August. In August, the areas between the","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107818"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of the meteorological conditions, dynamical, and microphysical characteristics of convective precipitation over the rainfall center of South China in the Pre-summer Rainy Season","authors":"Haoyang Wei ,&nbsp;Min Wen ,&nbsp;Zheng Ruan ,&nbsp;Haoran Li ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Shi ,&nbsp;Ziheng Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107823","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107823","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the meteorological conditions, dynamics, and microphysical characteristics of convective precipitation in Longmen, South China, during the Pre-summer Rainy Season (PRS) from 2016 to 2020, focusing on the influence of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) onset. Utilizing the ERA5 reanalysis dataset and observations from the C-band Vertical Pointing Radar (VPR<img>C) and Two-Dimensional Video Disdrometer (2DVD), we analyzed 4560 Convective Precipitation Features (CPFs) and classified them into shallow convection (SC), middle convection (MC), and deep convection (DC) based on the maximum height of 35 dBZ echo-top. Key findings reveal that the onset of the SCSSM significantly enhances convective rainfall. Specifically, it increases the proportion of convective rainfall by 11 % and intensifies rainfall duration and intensity by approximately 2.2 times. Enhanced moisture convergence and stronger convective instability drive these changes. The microphysical processes are distinct across different CPF types. SCs display warm-rain processes, MCs indicate mixed-phase processes, and DCs are associated with ice-phase processes. Each type contributes uniquely to precipitation characteristics, vertical reflectivity profiles, and raindrop size distributions. These insights emphasize the SCSSM's critical role in regional precipitation patterns and provide valuable insights into the underlying processes affecting convective systems in South China, ultimately contributing to improving the capabilities of prediction in atmospheric research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"314 ","pages":"Article 107823"},"PeriodicalIF":4.5,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}