Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Formation, development and movement of ords along the Holderness coast (UK): A comparison between 1994–1998 and 2010–2020 in response to changing morphodynamic and hydrodynamic conditions","authors":"Louise Francesca Wignall,&nbsp;Ada Waddon Pringle,&nbsp;nee Phillips,&nbsp;Suzana Ilic,&nbsp;Catherine Victoria Louise Pennington,&nbsp;Matthew Philip Kirkham,&nbsp;Lee Daniel Jones","doi":"10.1002/esp.70036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70036","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sediment input from the rapidly eroding Holderness till cliffs and shore platforms forms irregularly spaced higher inter-ord and lower ord beaches. The ords, by allowing increased tidal access and wave attack on the cliff toe and cliff face, increase erosion rates. This paper compares the formation, development and movement of ords in 1994–1998 and 2010–2020. Taken in spring and autumn, stereo-aerial photographs were used in 1994–1998 and aerial LiDAR and ortho-rectified aerial photographs in 2010–2020. To compare hydrodynamic conditions in the two periods Immingham tide, Leconfield wind and Hornsea wave data were used. The main results are consistent with earlier findings that ords form near Barmston where the shelter of Flamborough Head in northerly storms ceases and causes a longshore sediment movement divide. Coastal defences had a similar effect at Hornsea and Mappleton. Ord length measurements showed ords covering 23–35% of the coast in 1994–1998 and 20–40% in 2010–2020. Average cliff toe height in the later period was 3.05, 2.24 and 3.27mAOD in the north, centre and south ord parts, respectively. This allowed all High Water Spring Tides to reach the cliff toe at the ord centres under calm conditions on the survey dates. Higher beach levels north and south provided more cliff protection. Slower annual net average ord movement southwards of 0.36 km in 1994–1998 contrasted with 1.1 km in 2010–2020. Although the storm surges over 0.9 m at Immingham increased from 12 in the earlier period to 58 in the later period, of these only four and six, respectively raised the tide level to over 4.0 mAOD, above the cliff toe height throughout the ords. No major storms occurred in 1994–1998 compared with three in 2010–2020. No rhythmic inter-tidal features closely resembling ords have been found globally in the extensive literature, but more research into morphodynamic processes within ords is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70036","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origin, evolution and life cycle of rock art shelters in the Kimberley Basin of NW Australia","authors":"Andrew Gleadow,&nbsp;Helen Green,&nbsp;Damien Finch,&nbsp;Samuel Boone,&nbsp;David Fink,&nbsp;Réka-Hajnalka Fülöp,&nbsp;Alexandru Codilean,&nbsp;Augustine Unghango","doi":"10.1002/esp.70124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70124","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Paleoproterozoic Warton and Wunaamin Miliwundi Sandstones in the Kimberley Basin of NW Australia contain an abundance of rock shelters hosting a striking succession of rock paintings of immense cultural and archaeological significance. The evolution of these shelters has not previously been studied in detail, yet provides the ultimate control on the long-term survival of rock art within them. The rock shelters develop initially on near-vertical sides of remnant sandstone blocks on an etched landscape exhumed from a formerly pervasive deep lateritic weathering zone of probable Neogene age. The two nearly flat-lying sandstone formations are highly cemented orthoquartzites characterized by brittle behaviour revealed in a landscape-scale pattern of etched joint planes and small strike-ridge scarps along which shelters develop. Consistent features of these rock shelters reflect their mode of origin and subsequent evolution through a life cycle lasting tens of thousands of years or more. These include horizontal bedding-plane ceilings and fractured back walls cutting through sandstone beds, which host most of the rock paintings. Fractures mostly dip back towards the deepest part of the shelter near the floor. The first stage in shelter development involves undermining by crushing of a relatively thin incompetent bed to form a recessed bedding cave in the absence of normal erosional agencies. Overlying massive sandstone beds are left unsupported and progressively collapse in one or more intact slab falls. Further falls lead to gradual enlargement and a rocky floor piled with fallen slabs. The geometry of the fractured back walls suggests that both tensile and shear failure are involved in shelter growth in a series of mass wasting events. Subsequent spallation and dilational flaking on sandstone surfaces on the lowermost sandstone faces modify the shelter walls. Eventually, the shelter may be destroyed by toppling forward due to continued undermining at the base.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70124","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144624588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel approach for the computation of soil slope stability in distributed hydrologic applications","authors":"Riccardo Bonomelli,&nbsp;Marco Pilotti,&nbsp;Luca Piciullo","doi":"10.1002/esp.70122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70122","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The identification of potential source areas for landslides at the basin scale is a fundamental step for risk assessment in mountain regions. In the literature, many contributions deal with this task by using the Infinite Slope (IS) assumption. However, there is evidence that the widely used IS assumption becomes increasingly inadequate with growing space resolution of the elevation model, contributing to the overprediction of unstable areas that affect this model. In this paper, we propose an original improvement to the stability calculation by presenting a modification of Janbu's method of slices, specifically devised for basin-scale applications. The method is coupled with a hydrological model to provide transient soil saturation during a rainfall event. We show that the proposed improvement is systematically better than the local IS prediction for a set of elementary test cases where a rigorous stability analysis is available, confirming the predictive capabilities of the proposed approach. Finally, we show the applicability of the model at the watershed scale by considering its application to a well-known test case in the literature, i.e. the Mettman Ridge site, Oregon.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70122","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene paleoclimate variations and East Asian monsoonal dynamics revealed by high-resolution OSL dating of aeolian sediments in the Qinghai Lake Basin","authors":"Zhaokang Zhang,&nbsp;Chongyi E,&nbsp;Yongjuan Sun,&nbsp;Jing Zhang,&nbsp;Yunkun Shi,&nbsp;Qiang Peng,&nbsp;Ji Xianba","doi":"10.1002/esp.70112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Holocene paleoenvironmental evolution at the sub-orbital scale on northeast Tibetan Plateau based on aeolian records remains unclear due to ubiquitous depositional hiatuses and erosional events. Here, the Heike (HK) aeolian sand section in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB) was dated using high-resolution optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating, revealing a continuous HK aeolian sand-palaeosol sequence spaning millennial timescales since the Last Deglaciation (~13.5 ka). Climatic variations since the Last Deglaciation (~13.5 ka) were reconstructed using OSL dating, radiocarbon dating, elemental geochemical characteristics, grain size, total organic carbon and magnetic susceptibility. During the Last Deglaciation (13.5–11.7 ka), the climate appeared cold and dry, dominated by strong aeolian activity. During the Early to the beginning of the mid-Holocene (11.7–7 ka), the climate experienced frequent oscillations between cold-dry and warm-humid conditions, two remarkable cold events occurring around 8.9 and 8.2 ka. During the Holocene Climatic Optimum (7–4 ka), the climate was warm and humid. During the Late Holocene (4–0 ka), the climate began a gradual shift toward colder and drier conditions between 4 and 2 ka, but it was still overall warmer and more humid than the Early Holocene baseline. Since ~2 ka, the cold-dry trend further strengthened, accompanied by a resurgence of aeolian activity in the QLB. Climate changes along the East Asian monsoon margin in the QLB were controlled by the interplay between the East Asian summer monsoon and the East Asian winter monsoon.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of shrub root diameter classes on shear strength of soil in Benggang collapsing walls","authors":"Fang Shuai,&nbsp;Wei Wu,&nbsp;Ying Meng,&nbsp;Yiyang Zhou,&nbsp;Yuyang Chen,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Jinshi Lin,&nbsp;Yanhe Huang,&nbsp;Fangshi Jiang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A Benggang is a typical soil erosion landform in the red-soil region of southern China. Its collapsing-wall stability is closely related to the soil shear performance, which can be mechanically reinforced by plant roots. Shrub-root reinforcement mechanisms and model optimization have not been studied systematically. This study considers <i>Melastoma candidum</i>, a dominant shrub species in southern Benggang areas. Using remolded soil direct shear tests, the effects of different moisture content levels and root diameter classes on the shear characteristics of root–soil composites are explored. A shear strength equation for root-soil composites, based on the Wu–Waldron model (WWM), was established, incorporating soil moisture content and root diameter (Equations (12) and (13)). The key findings are as follows: (1) Roots significantly enhance soil shear strength and cohesion. At 15% moisture content, 1.50–3.00-mm roots provide optimal shear strength improvement; at 25% moisture content, 0.00–1.50-mm roots perform best, but achieve maximum cohesion enhancement under both moisture conditions. (2) Increased moisture content significantly reduces root–soil composite shear strength and cohesion. (3) Root diameter variation minimally affects the soil internal friction angle, which decreases with increasing moisture content. (4) The WWM overestimated the measured shear strength by ≥5.60 times. Incorporating the moisture content and root diameter, the WWM correction coefficient was 0.02–0.18, and the newly established shear strength prediction equations based on the Mohr-Coulomb criterion and the WWM model demonstrated significantly improved accuracy (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i>, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency [<i>NSE</i>] ≥ 0.92). These findings elucidate shrub-root regulatory mechanisms on collapsing-wall stability and provide theoretical support for vegetation allocation strategies and soil-reinforcement model optimization in red-soil erosion areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144581994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability-based critical rainfall pattern curve for slope stability of tailing dams","authors":"Chao Wang,&nbsp;Hongliang Jing,&nbsp;Leilei Liu,&nbsp;Liang Li,&nbsp;Yutong Zhang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To address the effects of rainfall and variability in soil parameters on the slope stability of tailing dams, the existing Factor of Safety (FoS)-based critical rainfall pattern curve (CRPC) is extended to a reliability-based CRPC. The proposed reliability-based CRPC is illustrated through a simplified tailing dam. The results have shown that there exists a specific rainfall intensity (named safe rainfall intensity), below which the slope of tailing dams will be in a safe state no matter how long the rainfall duration is. The larger the safe rainfall intensity, the higher the safety margin for the slope stability of tailing dams. A greater saturated permeability coefficient leads to a larger safe rainfall intensity. A longer length of dry beach results in a higher safety margin for the slope stability of tailing dams. The presence of a drainage pipe contributes most to the increase in the stability of tailing dams under rainfall infiltration. The FoS-based CRPC tends to overestimate the safety margin of the slope stability of tailing dams, owing to the omission of variability in soil parameters as compared with the reliability-based CRPC. An earlier warning plan will be made based on reliability-based CRPC than based on FoS-based CRPC.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144573575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uprooting dynamics of a model tree under rockfall impact: Combined experimental and numerical insights","authors":"Chenyang Zhang,&nbsp;Chenghao Yu,&nbsp;Anthony Kwan Leung,&nbsp;Sadeghi Mohammad,&nbsp;Clarence Edward Choi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate change already increases the number of rockfalls or flow-like landslides, posing a significant threat to human lives and public infrastructure in mountainous regions. Characterizing the dynamic uprooting response during rockfall-tree interaction is essential for understanding the protective capabilities of forests in mitigating these hazards. In this study, a novel model tree is developed to evaluate the uprooting resistance against instantaneous impact. A lamina emergent torsional (LET) joint is introduced to simulate the root-soil plate rotation behaviour. Then, a large-scale pendulum experiment is used to validate the statical and dynamic uprooting responses of the model tree. A numerical model is used to back-analyse the experiments and subsequently, a parametric study is performed. Our results demonstrate that the model tree closely reproduces the static and dynamic uprooting behaviours of natural trees, providing an accessible tool for further physical model experiments on rockfall and landslide impacts. The dynamic uprooting response of a tree is governed by both impact force and contact duration. Under instantaneous impacts, three distinct response regimes are observed: quasi-static, impulse and intermediate. In most impact scenarios, trees exhibit responses in the impulse and intermediate regimes, indicating that static-based criteria are insufficient for assessing uprooting stability. Consequently, we propose a dynamic failure criterion for predicting tree uprooting during rockfall interactions based on an empirical relationship between the critical impact duration and the normalized maximum impact turning moment. This criterion enables the prediction of dynamic tree uprooting failure using rockfall velocities, rockfall masses and stem diameters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphological evidence for superimposed deformation in the southern Sichuan Basin, SW China: Implications for seismic hazards","authors":"Gang Rao,&nbsp;Yaqi Zhong,&nbsp;Xiaohan Yin","doi":"10.1002/esp.70120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The 2019 <i>M</i>_w 5.8 Changning and 2021 <i>M</i>_w 5.4 Luxian earthquakes have highlighted the southern Sichuan Basin as an emerging focal area for seismic hazard research, following the significant 2008 <i>M</i>_w 7.9 Wenchuan and 2013 <i>M</i>_w 6.6 Lushan earthquakes along the Longmen Shan thrust belt. However, traditional field surveys that rely heavily on active tectonic landforms encounter considerable challenges due to the extensive exposure of pre-Cenozoic strata. In this study, we evaluate the tectonic activity of two NW-tending faults through DEM-based morphotectonic analyses. Our findings indicate that the landscape topography along the Baishuxi Fault, a principal basin-boundary fault, exhibits significant variations in geomorphic indices and topographic metrics, which may reflect a complex subsurface structural style. The presence of numerous knickpoints at various elevation levels suggests ongoing landscape adjustments in response to tectonic forces. Additionally, several knickpoints observed on river long-profiles across the Maoqiao Fault further northeast indicate basinward propagation of tectonic deformation, suggesting superimposed deformation within the southern Sichuan Basin. We recommend that future studies conduct a thorough evaluation of the seismic hazards associated with the NW-trending Baishuxi and Maoqiao faults, as well as their intersection with the NE-trending Huayinshan fault.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144524807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion, runoff and deformation of overburden stockpiles subjected to simulated rainfall","authors":"Qingyu Zhang,&nbsp;Yuting Cao,&nbsp;Ziyin Wang,&nbsp;Muhan Li,&nbsp;Zhen Li,&nbsp;Han Luo","doi":"10.1002/esp.70101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70101","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Overburden stockpiles from production and construction projects often fail to achieve natural stability within the short time period, potentially leading to catastrophic failures such as landslides and debris flows. To investigate the erosion and deformation characteristics of overburden stockpiles and their interrelationships, we conducted a series of laboratory experiments under simulated rainfall of varying intensities. Results demonstrated that increased rainfall intensity led to concurrent increases in sediment yield, runoff production, runoff rate and the maximum rill width, length and depth. The total subsidence depth increased with an increase in rainfall intensity. When examining the effects of gravel content (10%, 20%, 30% and 40%), both sediment yield and runoff yield displayed an initial increase followed by a decrease. The temporal evolution of runoff rate manifested in three distinct phases: rapid acceleration, gradual increase and stabilization. The rate of subsidence depth development initially accelerated but subsequently decelerated with successive rainfall events. At high rainfall intensity, total subsidence depth increased proportionally with gravel content. The creep degree of overburden stockpiles intensified with increased rainfall intensity and gravel content. Furthermore, the relationship between deformation rate and both sediment yield and runoff exhibited sigmoid curves, with an initial acceleration followed by deceleration. The time to instability decreased with increasing rainfall intensity while showing an initial increase followed by a decrease pattern at high rainfall intensities with increasing gravel content. Our findings provide guidance for mitigating soil loss and preventing hazardous events associated with overburden stockpiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution of a landslide-dammed lake during the Holocene: Records from lacustrine and fan-delta successions in southeastern Tibet","authors":"Anna Yang,&nbsp;Kaiheng Hu,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Weiming Liu,&nbsp;Qiyuan Zhang,&nbsp;Shuang Liu,&nbsp;Hao Li","doi":"10.1002/esp.70104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70104","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landslide- or glacier-dammed lakes and associated catastrophic outburst floods represent key geomorphological agents in shaping fluvial landscapes in high-altitude, steep mountain environments. Previous studies have reported hundreds of Late Pleistocene moraine/glacier and landslide dams caused by glacier advances or seismic activity across the southeastern Tibetan Plateau, and confirmed that these dammed lakes significantly impeded river incision into the plateau interior. However, comprehensive exploration for geomorphological and sedimentological records documenting the complete evolutionary cycles of such dammed lakes remains scarce. This study identifies a well-preserved lacustrine-fan delta sedimentary succession associated with the Xiaqu dammed lake in the Yigong Tsangpo basin. Through integrated field observations, sedimentological analyses and chronological data obtained through optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS radiocarbon dating techniques, we reconstruct the full evolutionary history of the lake, which underwent five distinct evolutionary stages, including initial formation, abrupt failure, secular stability, sedimentary infilling and fluvial incision. The initial landslide dam created at a height of 2,650 m above sea level (a.s.l.) may experience rapid breaching when lake water overtopped the crest, triggering outburst flood event(s). Continuous lacustrine sediments deposited between 4.74 ka and 3.11 ka imply a relative stability period for the remnant dammed lake. Subsequent fluvial deposits, unconformably overlying lacustrine sediments post-siltation, are dated to slightly later than 1.48 ka cal. BP. Furthermore, compiled climate proxy indicators and paleo-landslide inventories at the margins of the Tibetan Plateau provide insights into the roles of extreme events and climate change in the evolution of fluvial landscapes within a regional context.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}