Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"The synergistic effect of soil and water conservation measures on sediment supply reduction in a typical basin on the Loess Plateau, China","authors":"Beilei Liu,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Zhanbin Li,&nbsp;Jianye Ma,&nbsp;Chenguang Wang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70068","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, water and sediment changes in the Huangfu River Basin were analysed and the impacts of human activities and climate change on variations in river sediment transport were compared. This study aimed to provide scientific support for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin in the future. The sediment reduction contribution rates of various soil and water conservation measures as well as their synergistic effects, were quantified. The results showed that the sediment reduction contribution rate of check dams decreased from 28.39% during the baseline period (1954–1989) to 22.46% during the second development period (2000–2015), primarily due to the gradual loss of sediment retention capacity as the dams filled with sediment. In contrast, the contribution rate of vegetation measures increased significantly, rising from 24.97% during 1990–1999 to 32.78% during 2000–2015, driven by expanded grasslands and forests, which reduced erosion. The contribution of terrace measures remained limited, increasing slightly from 0.21% to 0.40% over the same periods, due to their restricted spatial coverage. The synergistic effects of these three major conservation measures accounted for 46.43% of sediment reduction during 1989–1999 and 44.36% during 2000–2015, highlighting their complementary roles in soil and water conservation. In conclusion, the synergistic effects of various soil and water conservation measures should be considered in the future management of water and sediment in the Yellow River. Conservation strategies should be optimized to maximize the role of these measures in reducing runoff and sediment transport, ensuring sustainable basin management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143909026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating three-dimensional motion of a creeping landslide from topographic data and associated land surface parameters","authors":"Daniel R. Newman,&nbsp;Yuichi S. Hayakawa,&nbsp;Akira Kato,&nbsp;Mio Kasai,&nbsp;Kotaro Iizuka","doi":"10.1002/esp.70071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Recent advances in surveying technologies have allowed high precision measurement and monitoring of changes in the Earth's surface position over time. Lateral mass movements remain an under-explored aspect of topographic analyses despite the plethora of dynamic processes affecting surface position. This research introduces the use of a two-dimensional optical flow algorithm to estimate the three-dimensional relationships between a topographic surface and itself after displacement using a time series of bare-earth digital elevation models (DEMs). Several indices are derived from the motion fields estimated by the optical flow algorithm to define a set of properties that are used to quantitatively characterize surface motion. A preliminary investigation into the efficacy of these surface properties for analysing dynamic topography was conducted on a creeping landslide in Biratori, Hokkaido, Japan. An accuracy assessment demonstrated strong agreement between observed and estimated displacements, with concordance correlation coefficients of 0.87 for both <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ x $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>- and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>y</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ y $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-axis displacement, and submetre root mean squared error of 0.47 and 0.72 m for the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>x</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ x $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>- and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>y</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ y $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>-axis, respectively. A segmentation algorithm was applied to the translation distance and azimuth angle properties to assess the accuracy with which these variables delineate the landslide, based on the expectation that landslide motion characteristics are spatially contiguous and internally homogeneous. Segments overlapped with the landslide boundary area by up to 70%, and segments within the landslide boundary were consistently among the largest in the segment-area distribution. The results demonstrated how these surface properties can form simple and effective heuristics for analysing creeping landslides with strong potential for other dynamic surface phenomena.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143905130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inter-eruptive lahars at El Chichón Volcano (Mexico): Susceptibility analysis and numerical modelling","authors":"Omar Cruz-Vázquez,&nbsp;Lucia Capra,&nbsp;Lorenzo Borselli,&nbsp;Norini Gianluca","doi":"10.1002/esp.70070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70070","url":null,"abstract":"<p>El Chichón volcano, located in the southern part of Mexico, is one of the most active Mexican volcanoes. In 1982 it was the scene of the largest Plinian eruption recorded in Mexico during the last century. The volcano is in a climatic region with extreme rainfalls that accumulate more than 3,500 mm of precipitation per year and is frequently affected by hurricanes. The most recent climatic events were caused by Hurricane Eta in 2020 and tropical storm Karl in 2022, in addition to an atypical rainfall event in the same year that accumulated 339.9 mm of rain in 24 hours. During these episodes, hundreds of soil slips originated and transformed into inter-eruptive (e.g., secondary) lahars affecting several communities in the area.</p><p>In this work, we present a morpho-hydrological characterization of 33 catchments that drain from the volcano, including their geology and land use changes, to identify the factors promoting mass wasting processes. Moreover, rainfall frequency analysis was performed with data from six weather stations for the period 1987–2017, and precipitation scenarios with return periods of 5, 10, 20 and 80 years were defined. Based on these results, rainfall-runoff simulations using the FLO-2D code allowed us to obtain discharge curves for each catchment, which were used to simulate inter-eruptive lahars from the volcano slopes. We present the first hazard maps for inter-eruptive lahars based on the probability of occurrence and flow magnitude. These maps were subdivided into three scenarios: for 24 hours, 72 hours and an atypical event. The Ostuacán and Xochimilco villages are the most exposed inhabited areas with a total population of 4,000. These maps represent a new contribution to the volcanic hazard assessment of the El Chichón volcano and an essential instrument necessary to contribute to risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70070","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineral dust emissions from proglacial valleys of western Canada: Historical and future dynamics","authors":"Daniel Bellamy,&nbsp;James King,&nbsp;Daniel F. Nadeau","doi":"10.1002/esp.70069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70069","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Proglacial valleys of the St. Elias Mountains in western Canada are major sources of historical mineral dust emissions, as evidenced through loess records, yet no estimates of contemporary emissions exist for this region. In these landscapes, dust emissions occur at the interface of glaciofluvial and aeolian processes, not only subject to large seasonal-annual variability but facing major near-future changes following rapid deglaciation. We present a camera-derived observational record of dust emission activity in the A'ą̈y Chù (Yukon, Canada; 60.94°N 138.63°W) and adjacent proglacial valleys between 2016 and 2022, immediately following a major glacial drainage reorganisation. In the A'ą̈y Chù valley, we observe between 57 and 99 days of dust activity per year. Using Landsat 5–8 and MODIS retrievals, long-term variability in water, snow cover and NDVI was constrained from 1984 to 2023. Across four proglacial valleys, we identify 77.6 km² of erodible area (58% of watercourse area), prone to frequent transient meltwater inundation, exposure and potential deflation of glacigenic sediments. Significant variability in seasonal surface erodibility exists between valleys, made notable following the migration of sediment stores into adjacent valleys prone to prolonged snow cover. Ongoing glacier recession and warming climates are anticipated to yield a transient increase in erodible area, and likely dust emissions, in the region over the next several decades. The subsequent decline is anticipated with further deglaciation and the continuing paraglacial transition of proglacial landscapes. A conceptual model is presented to this effect. Understanding contemporary dust emission sources, emission activity and near-future changes in emission dynamics is critical to establish the role regional mineral dust emissions will occupy in local climatic forcing over the coming decades.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of permafrost degradation and glacier retreat on recent high mountain rockfall distribution in the eastern European Alps","authors":"Christine Fey,&nbsp;Volker Wichmann,&nbsp;Christian Zangerl","doi":"10.1002/esp.70063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>High mountain environments are among the regions most affected by global warming, with glacier retreat and permafrost degradation leading to significant changes in slope stability. This study investigates the spatial distribution of rockfalls above the timberline in the Stubaier and Ötztaler Alps (Eastern Alps, Austria). Rockfalls were identified using an automated pre-classification approach and manual verification of detected rockfalls based on digital surface models (DSMs) derived from 2006 and 2017 airborne laser scanning (ALS) datasets and orthoimages. To assess the influence of permafrost, the mean annual ground surface temperature (MAGST) was modelled using a simplified surface energy balance that accounts for altitude and solar radiation. The impact of glacier retreat in recent decades was assessed on the basis of historical glacier inventories. A total of 1989 rockfalls were identified, with volumes ranging from 200 m³ to 200,000 m³. Notably, 76% of the rockfalls occurred in areas with a MAGST below 0°C, which represents only 22% of the potential rockfall area. In addition, 40% of the events occurred in areas that have been deglaciated since 1969, representing only 4.7% of the potential rockfall area. The results are consistent with published local rockfall inventories focusing on individual rock faces or glacial cirques and extend to a wider region spanning altitudes from 1800 to 3,770 m a.s.l. and an area of 1,350 km². This study provides the first comprehensive regional inventory of recent rockfalls for a large area in the Eastern Alps and shows a strong spatial relationship of rockfall to permafrost degradation and glacier retreat areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The change of mechanical strength and microscopic mechanism of loess in Ili area under the superposed effect of snow melting and rainfall","authors":"Qianli Lv,&nbsp;Zizhao Zhang,&nbsp;Tiandong Zhang,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Gulmira Amat","doi":"10.1002/esp.70065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The period with the highest water content of the slope in Ili area is from mid-March to mid-May every year. From April to June, landslide disasters occur frequently, and it is also the period of ice and snow melt water and rainfall. The formation mechanism of a loess landslide is different because of the difference in natural geography and geological environment background conditions. According to the characteristics of rainfall infiltration in the slope of Ili Valley, it is urgent to carry out research on the formation mechanism of ice and snow melt infiltration gain rainfall loess landslide. This study explores the macro and micro characteristics and their correlation of loess in the Ili area under varying water content conditions through laboratory triaxial compression tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The results reveal a quadratic parabolic relationship between cohesive force, internal friction angle and moisture content, with both cohesive force and internal friction angle increasing initially with moisture content before decreasing. Water content primarily affects the cohesive force of loess in the Ili area, with minimal impact on the internal friction angle. Microstructural tests identify an optimal moisture content for Ili loess, where the particles are the largest, most equiaxed, with simple contour lines and well-arranged structures. Grey relational analysis demonstrates the closest relationships between pore size fractal dimension and loess cohesive force, as well as between particle size fractal dimension and internal friction angle. The quantitative analysis of the macro- and micro-structure of Ili loess provides valuable insights for landslide prevention and management in the Ili River Valley.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment and organic carbon discharges to the coastal oceans by badlands (English Channel, Normandy, France)","authors":"Alissia Rieux,&nbsp;Yoann Copard,&nbsp;Olivier Maquaire,&nbsp;Thomas Roulland","doi":"10.1002/esp.70060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70060","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining sedimentary and organic carbon fluxes and sources within the sedimentary continuum from land to sea is crucial for improving the understanding of Earth system dynamics, global carbon budgets and associated biogeochemical cycles, especially in the context of Global Change. Among continental sources, marly badlands, characterized by high erosion rates and significant Total Organic Carbon (TOC) contents, are potential contributors of material to the sea. However, data on sediment and TOC yields, fluxes and the contribution of badlands to the marine environment are still limited, particularly in NW Europe and oceanic regions. In this context, the instrumented sites of Vaches Noires cliffs on the western Normandy coast, France, were studied over three years. Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and source samples were collected along the eastern part of the cliff. Geochemical analyses, sediment fluxes and yields were obtained and compared with those from local rivers, European badlands and worldwide Small Mountain River systems (SMRs). These first results show that the cliffs exhibited high productivity in terms of sediment and organic carbon (OC) yields, like other studied badlands. Reaching the English Channel, material from badlands can enter and sediment within the Seine estuary, contributing to the Turbidity Maximal Zone and mixing with other OC sources (such as primary productivity and continental OC). Although the contribution of this material to the carbon (C) budget of this interface remains uncertain, it could be significant, especially with the increase in global sea level and major rainfall events.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70060","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143879920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal and spatial evolution of vegetation cover in the wind erosion field on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau","authors":"Xiaomeng Zhao,&nbsp;Yongqiu Wu,&nbsp;Yongmei Huang,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Ning Jiang,&nbsp;Siyuan Du,&nbsp;Hong Cheng","doi":"10.1002/esp.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil wind erosion is one of the key earth surface processes in arid and semi-arid regions. Soil wind erosion not only leads to land desertification but also serves as an important source of fine particulate matter in the atmospheric environment. Accurate assessment of soil wind erosion and its temporal and spatial distributions is critical for planning and implementing soil conservation measures. As an important factor in wind erosion control, vegetation coverage has been included in almost all the major wind erosion models. The traditional models, however, usually overestimate wind erosion rate because they rely solely on photosynthetic vegetation coverage (PVC) but overlook nonphotosynthetic vegetation coverage (NPVC), such as fallen leaves and branches covering and protecting the soil. In the current study, field surveys, phenological data and fractional vegetation coverage (FVC) derived from the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were employed to examine the temporal and spatial evolution of both PVC and NPVC in the wind erosion region on the Qinghai–Xizang Plateau (QXP). The results reveal significant variations in phonology across QXP. During 2000–2020, the growing season started on Julian Days 124–150, i.e., corresponding to the last month of spring, and ended on Julian Days 242–296, i.e., covering almost the first half of autumn, in the wind erosion-prone areas of QXP. The vegetation greening initially began in the northern basins and southern river valleys with lower elevations and higher air temperatures, followed by the plateau areas with higher elevations and lower temperatures. Whereas, an opposite trend was manifested in the evolution of senescence. Approximately 40.7% of the area in arid, semi-arid and extreme arid regions had never been observed greening. Owing to the combined influence of topography and climate, the vegetation coverage exhibited a decreasing trend from the southeast to the northwest of QXP. The mean annual FVC during the growing and nongrowing seasons were 36.2% and 24.4%, respectively. During the growing season, moreover, the FVC was approximately 1.04–1.37 times greater than the PVC. Regarding the interannual trend, the vegetation coverage increased from 2000 to 2020 in general. The mean annual FVC over the entire study region increased by 0.15% and 0.14% during the growing and nongrowing seasons, respectively, over the past 20 years. The temporal trend, however, varied among different areas. During the growing season, FVC remained basically unchanged in 37.2%, experienced mild improvements in 42.0% and underwent mild degradations in 20.8% of the study region. These findings hold important implications for understanding soil wind erosion processes and improving wind erosion models on QXP.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alluvial dynamics of a formerly glaciated Rocky Mountain headwater valley, Colorado","authors":"Jens C. Suhr,&nbsp;Sara L. Rathburn,&nbsp;Daniel McGrath,&nbsp;Michael J. Ronayne","doi":"10.1002/esp.70061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Following Pinedale deglaciation (~12 ka), unconfined valleys in the Rocky Mountains experienced periods of fluvial aggradation and incision, creating distinctive valley morphologies and substrates that influence present-day hydrological and ecological characteristics. Valley floors are thus physically important sediment storage sites that preserve alluvial records of past landscape dynamics. Using geologic mapping, ground-penetrating radar surveys, sediment coring, and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) geochronology, we investigated an unconfined portion of the South Fork Cache la Poudre River Valley, Colorado Front Range, to identify the dominant processes and temporal patterns of valley alluviation and incision following glacial retreat. We mapped a variety of glacial and fluvial deposits in the valley including two till deposits, distinct outwash terraces, fluvial terraces and an extensive floodplain. Abundant glaciofluvial outwash (65 m observed at one drill site) was deposited up-valley of the Last Glacial Maximum terminal moraine. Lateral bar migration, channel filling and vertical accretion of sediments were important processes of outwash aggradation and floodplain deposition. OSL dating of unconsolidated, laminated sand and silt suggests ponding up-valley of the terminal moraine between 13.4 and 11.5 ka, and the potential for an outburst flood(s). Channel incision occurred prior to 7.8–1.5 ka, creating outwash terraces that comprise over 30% of the valley floor area. Sedimentation occurred on the fluvial terrace and floodplain from at least 2.1 to 1.3 ka. The modern floodplain has been aggrading for at least 500 years. The South Fork Valley has anomalously thick post-glacial sediment from lateral migration and channel filling, whereas other Colorado headwater valleys are dominated by mass wasting deposits, beaver pond sediments or fluvial vertical accretion. The relict glacial topography and low hillslope-floodplain connectivity exerts the strongest control on alluvial dynamics in the South Fork Valley. Results of this study broaden the foundation for understanding post-glacial alluvial dynamics in unconfined mountain valleys. Knowledge of the processes that create and maintain alluvial fills is critical for effective management of these valleys.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion dynamics in carbonate bedrock channels inhibit weathering processes","authors":"Elizabeth H. Dingle,&nbsp;Edwin R. C. Baynes,&nbsp;Alex Hall,&nbsp;Jeff Warburton","doi":"10.1002/esp.70067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70067","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The interplay of rock weathering and erosion processes controls the erodibility of bedrock. Existing models of these processes in bedrock river channels have been developed using observations largely from silicate lithologies, neglecting the effects of the dissolution of soluble carbonate minerals. Here, we present a study of rock erodibility in two limestone bedrock channels in the North Pennines, UK. Patterns in rock erodibility were assessed using Schmidt hammer surveys conducted in 12 cross-sections and were analysed alongside calculations of bedrock inundation interval, observations of sediment transport from bedload impact plates and long-term estimates of limestone dissolution rates from environmental data. Results show that erosion via dissolution can result in similar patterns of rock erodibility observed in silicate channels where erosion outpaces weathering. Bedrock inundation interval is a key control on bedrock erodibility, although to a lesser degree than channels in silicate lithologies. Where the channel margin is not regularly inundated by flow, weathering processes which weaken the rock are still present but may be locally offset by dissolution driven by soil seepage of low pH runoff which erodes weathered material. Furthermore, we do not always observe the expected impacts of weathering and erosion on channel geometry, with channel geometry seemingly more sensitive to the availability of abrasive tools (sediment supply). Long-term estimates of abrasion and dissolution rate are broadly equivalent at our study site further demonstrating the effectiveness of dissolution at eroding carbonate lithologies, although further work is needed to isolate feedback between these two variables. Future studies of bedrock incision processes in carbonate landscapes should re-evaluate how mechanical erosion and dissolution are represented, and how sensitive the balance of these processes is to potential changes in inundation frequency and climate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}