Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Paleoenvironmental context of fluvial soils in the dryest region of Brazilian semiarid","authors":"Patricia Dornellas Xavier,&nbsp;Rafael Albuquerque Xavier,&nbsp;Renan Figueiredo,&nbsp;Cláudio Vinícios Pedroso de Azevedo Andrade,&nbsp;Inocencio de Oliveira Borges Neto,&nbsp;José João Lelis Leal de Souza,&nbsp;Bartolomeu Israel de Souza,&nbsp;João Reis","doi":"10.1002/esp.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Paleoenvironmental analysis in the Brazilian semiarid region is challenging. The low occurrence of flooded regions limits the preservation of pollen and accumulation of organic matter. In well-drained sites, the high pH and intense erosion destroy phytoliths. The low studies performed in limestone caves indicate that the semiarid climate conditions were established in the last 5 kyr before the present in Northeastern Brazil. In these conditions, alluvial deposits are potential sources of information about the recent past evolution of semiarid regions once the size, selection and composition of sediments reflect erosion and transport. This study aimed to analyse the recent past drainage evolution in the Borborema Plateau and Sertaneja Low Surface, two of the driest regions in Brazil. Four Fluvisols and one Cambisol were described in alluvial fans. Physical, chemical and sedimentological analyses were performed. Selected horizons were dated according to the OSL method. Variability of texture, mineral chemical composition and organic carbon content indicate discontinuities in all soil profiles. Layers of very poorly selected coarse material deposited in high-energy depositional systems are interbedded with clay-rich layers deposited by low-energy energy. The abundance of Fe, Si, Ti, Ca and K indicates variation in the source of the deposited materials. The age variation between the soil profiles indicates four evolutionary stages between 2,700 and ~100 yr. The higher age variance between layers in the Borborema Plateau indicates frequent and low-magnitude sedimentation events. These events are typical of semiarid climates because they reflect low sediment transport capacity by the ephemeral rivers. On the other hand, the lower age variation between the layers and buried A horizons suggest intense aggradation intercalated by stabilized periods, when vegetation was established and bioturbation formed A horizons.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143423706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of vegetation expansion on morphodynamics of tidal channel networks","authors":"Yin Zuo,&nbsp;Leihua Zhao,&nbsp;Xinchen Wang,&nbsp;Pei Xin","doi":"10.1002/esp.70023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evolution of coastal landforms, including the formation and development of tidal channel networks in salt marshes, is shaped by the interaction of surface water hydrodynamics, sediment transport and vegetation dynamics. However, the impact of vegetation expansion on tidal channel geomorphology remains unclear. In this study, an ecogeomorphic model coupling abiotic and biotic processes was developed to investigate the effects of vegetation expansion (i.e., seeding and cloning) on tidal channel morphodynamics. The numerical model results demonstrate that vegetation expansion promotes the formation and development of tidal channels. With vegetation cover, the number, total length, area and volume of tidal channels markedly increase. Vegetation also reshapes the cross-sections of tidal channels, increasing channel depths and decreasing their width-to-depth ratios. The synergistic effect of seeding and cloning is more significant than either process alone, leading to enhanced flow convergence and bed shear stress. Consequently, the channel erosion is enhanced, laying the foundational framework for the formation and growth of tidal channel networks. A high expansion rate enhances the effect of vegetation on tidal channel morphodynamics, leading to more developed tidal channel networks. This study focuses on tidal channel networks in salt marsh ecosystems and advances understanding of the geomorphological evolution of tidal channel networks subject to vegetation expansion, and it offers further implications for the management of coastal wetland ecosystems.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143424137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Downstream fining of fluvial gravels along the eastern Tibetan Plateau rivers","authors":"Zifa Ma,&nbsp;Yuanxu Ma,&nbsp;Xudong Zhao,&nbsp;Jiawei Zhang,&nbsp;Huiping Zhang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70016","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;The downstream grain size variation along active river channels has been a long-standing topic for fluvial geomorphologists. However, identifying the influence and controls on downstream change in bed sediment texture is not straightforward. In this study, we investigated the lithological composition of bedrock and riverbed gravels, rock strength and grain size distribution of fluvial gravels within three active rivers flowing out of the Longmenshan Mountain in the eastern Tibetan Plateau where human disturbances are locally occurring, to examine the spatial pattern of grain size distributions and the controlling factors. The field investigations and geological mapping showed that granite lithology contributed more coarse clasts to the river bed substrate than its areal proportion. Downstream fining trends were detected across the entire river systems of all three rivers, while distinct patterns emerged when comparing upstream and downstream segments from the mountain front. The D&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of granitic gravels in the Yazi River (YZR) and Mianyuan River (MYR) have the same fining rate of about −0.013 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, while the sandstone gravels in the YZR and limestone gravels in the MYR have a similar fining rate of −0.010 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. In contrast, the granite and plagioamphibolite gravels in the Shiting River (STR) have higher fining rates, with values of −0.022 and −0.029 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. For coarser grain size D&lt;sub&gt;84&lt;/sub&gt;, the granitic gravels in the YZR and MYR have similar fining rates between −0.018 and −0.019 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, while sandstone gravels and limestone gravels have lower fining rates between −0.012 and −0.014 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. Although the D&lt;sub&gt;84&lt;/sub&gt; fraction for granite and plagioamphibolite gravels has a higher fining rate of −0.034 and −0.022 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; in the STR, the D&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;84&lt;/sub&gt; in STR have the same fining rate (−0.022 km&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) for plagioamphibolite gravels. We interpret our data to indicate that selective deposition is the main control on downstream fining of fluvial gravels, as the mobility of gravel is strongly size-dependent. In addition, the higher downstream fining rates of both granite and plagioamphibolite gravels in the STR than those in the YZR and MYR also reveal the river channel slope control on the downstream change pattern of fluvial sediments. The significant difference in downstream fining rates between granite and plagioamphibolite gravels in STR indicates that the downstream fining in some reaches would be lithology-dependent. Although the weathering phenomenon on the surface of granitic gravels in river channels could not explicitly account for its contribution to the downstream fining of granitic gravels, its significance on gravel abrasion deserves further work in future investigations. Our field investigations show that human activities, such as gravel mining and dam construction, had temporal impacts on downstream grain size changes. Ou","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distinguishing the effects of vegetation characteristics on soil erosion process on the loess plateau of China","authors":"Jian Fang Wang,&nbsp;Yan Fen Yang,&nbsp;Bing Wang,&nbsp;Guo Bin Liu","doi":"10.1002/esp.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Vegetation restoration significantly decreases soil erosion. Although runoff shear stress is not divided into grain and form shear stresses, the dynamic mechanisms of soil erosion remain unclear. To explore the dynamic mechanisms of soil erosion, two herbaceous plants, namely, <i>Bothriochloa ischcemum</i> (Linn.). Keng (BI) and <i>Artemisia vestita</i> Wall. ex Bess (AG), were planted at six planting densities of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 plants m⁻² to obtain different vegetation characteristics. A simulated rainfall experiment (rainfall intensity of 1 mm min⁻¹) was conducted on runoff plots (length and width of 2.0 and 0.5 m, respectively), and the flow velocity, runoff rate and soil loss rate were measured. The results showed that the grain and form shear stresses ranged from 0.04 to 0.16 and 1.40 to 3.88 Pa under six planting densities, respectively. Grain shear stress decreased with planting density in both BI and AG grasslands. The form shear stress exhibited a greater magnitude in BI grasslands at a lower planting density, whereas in AG grasslands, the highest form shear stress was observed at a planting density of 20 plants m⁻². Vegetation can significantly reduce soil loss. Compared with that in bare soil, soil loss amount in the BI and AG grasslands were 68.08 to 95.08% lower. The reduction in soil loss amount was enhanced by the increased planting density. The BI grasslands were more effective in reducing soil loss than the AG grasslands. The amount of soil loss was mainly influenced by the interaction between vegetation and runoff characteristics, which explained the majority of variation (49.48%). The total soil loss increased with increasing grain shear stress and decreased with increasing vegetation coverage, root collar area and soil organic matter as a power function. With increasing total runoff, total soil loss increased linearly. Finally, the amount of soil loss was simulated using the grain shear stress, root collar area, soil organic matter and total runoff. The performance of the model used in this study was satisfactory.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes of desertification areas in the Alxa Desert obtained from satellite imagery","authors":"Ting Li,&nbsp;Yuanwei Wang,&nbsp;Xiaomei Fan,&nbsp;Lingxiao Wang,&nbsp;Xiangfei Li,&nbsp;Lin Zhao,&nbsp;Giri Raj Kattel,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Guo,&nbsp;Mengtian Fan","doi":"10.1002/esp.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Desertification is defined as land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors. High-spatial-resolution desertification monitoring with long time series and accurate area quantification in the Alxa Desert has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we exploited Landsat satellite images to develop a method for the monitoring of high-resolution, large-scale desertification dynamics using a Desertification Difference Index (DDI) model based on albedo and Topsoil Grain Size Index (TGSI). On this basis, we examined the spatial–temporal changes in the extent of desertified land and ascertained the impact of various factors (temperature, precipitation, total livestock) on the desertification process. We made a detailed classification of desertification (five types) and found that non-desertification accounted for the smallest proportion of the entire study region (annual mean 2.00 × 10⁴ km², 7.8%), while severe desertification contributed the largest proportion (annual mean 7.88 × 10⁴ km², 30.9%). Over the past 20 years, there has been a substantial reduction in extremely severe (−251 km²/yr) and moderate (−230 km²/yr) desertification areas, demonstrating the effectiveness of desert management. Regionally, considerable attention should be paid to the eastern Tengger Desert in terms of desert control; temporally, special attention should be paid to summer. High temperatures can exacerbate extremely severe, and severe desertification, contrary to the effect of increasing precipitation. Dynamic changes in desertification will become more complex under predicted climate change patterns, indicating that desertification prevention should be prioritized over control.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143404725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into temporal changes in debris flow susceptibility following fire in the Southwest USA from monitoring and repeat estimates of soil hydraulic and physical properties","authors":"Joseph R. Martinez,&nbsp;Luke A. McGuire,&nbsp;Ann M. Youberg","doi":"10.1002/esp.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wildfire influences geomorphic process rates, increasing the potential for runoff-generated debris flows in steep watersheds. Runoff-generated postfire debris flows (PFDFs) often initiate when overland flow rapidly mobilizes sediment from steep hillslopes and channels. Fire effects on soil hydraulic properties, including their magnitude and temporal persistence, can therefore play an influential role in determining the degree to which fire increases debris-flow potential and the time period for heightened debris-flow hazards following fire. There is a paucity of measurements that quantify the timing of changes in soil hydraulic properties throughout the first 1–2 years after fire. Here, we monitored rainfall and debris-flow activity in two watersheds burned by the 2022 Contreras Fire in Arizona, USA, over the first 1.5 years following fire. We quantified changes in soil hydraulic properties during 11 site visits using in-situ measurements with a tension infiltrometer to provide insight into the temporal persistence of heightened debris-flow hazards. Specifically, we estimated field-saturated hydraulic conductivity (<i>K</i>_<i>fs</i>), wetting front potential (<i>h</i>_<i>f</i>) and sorptivity (<i>S</i>). We further tracked changes in soil water repellency, ground cover and soil physical and chemical properties, including bulk density, carbon and organic matter content to help explain temporal trends in soil hydraulic properties. Seasonal variations in <i>K</i>_<i>fs</i>, <i>h</i>_<i>f</i> and <i>S</i> were substantial, leading to non-monotonic relationships between these properties and time since fire. Rainfall-runoff modelling demonstrates that the magnitude of these seasonal changes are sufficient to influence runoff ratios and suggest postfire debris-flow susceptibility could change over timescales as short as several months. A comparison of <i>K</i>_<i>fs</i>, <i>h</i>_<i>f</i> and <i>S</i> at similar times during the first and second postfire years indicates that <i>K</i>_<i>fs</i> <i>h</i>_<i>f</i> and <i>S</i> decreased immediately following the fire. We observed two debris flows, which occurred during the first three months after the fire. The relatively short time associated with notable fire effects on soil hydraulic properties, combined with substantial increases in ground cover during the first postfire year, help explain observations that PFDFs primarily initiate in the first rainy season following fire in the Southwest USA.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bed material facies mapping at braided river scale and evidence for trends in fine sediment","authors":"Justin M. Rogers,&nbsp;James Brasington,&nbsp;Jo Hoyle","doi":"10.1002/esp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Characterizing the spatial distribution and dynamic nature of bed facies in gravel-bed braided rivers is challenging but necessary to understand fluvial and ecological processes. Topographic point cloud and image datasets are increasingly used in fluvial geomorphology to compare riverscapes over time and classify substrate facies. However, repeatable and efficient methods that operate at large spatial scales and also resolve bimodal or fine sediments remain underdeveloped. This study collected high-resolution lidar and optical imagery over a 56-km reach of the Rangitata River, New Zealand, generating a variety of multiscale lidar-derived, optical and local morphological predictors. Ensemble machine learning methods were used to classify facies at a 1 m resolution, and a sensitivity analysis incorporating downscaled and reduced-fidelity datasets was conducted to understand the importance of data acquisition strategies. We report the predictor importance by class, finding that the key predictors for fine sediment were colour and colour complexity, while lidar predictors including reflectance were key in differentiating shallow water. The classification method was found to be robust with decreasing lidar point density but the performance was degraded if either RGB or lidar datasets were removed entirely.</p><p>The sole use of spatially local predictors allowed an analysis of trends in fine sediment facies in a large braided river subject to hydrologic pressures. The quantity and proportion of exposed fine sediment increased downstream, indicating a decrease in transport capacity associated with river widening. This new lidar – machine learning – substrate processing pathway offers a synoptic view of river form and composition that can be used to parameterize numerical models and provide distributed insights into sediment transport and sorting processes. The approach is easy to customize and can readily adapted to predict different surface classes, providing a robust basis for change detection in natural scenes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biogeomorphological inheritance: The legacy of past landforms constrains future tropical coastal landscapes","authors":"Colin D. Woodroffe","doi":"10.1002/esp.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coasts are some of the most dynamic environments on Earth. Coastal systems comprise physical environments together with a biological component, and, for much of the world, a human element, which in many cases imposes anthropogenic stresses. The biological component is especially prominent in the tropics, and the biogeomorphology of these coasts is dominated by the role played by key organisms: corals, which form impressive coral reefs, and mangroves, which fringe low-energy shorelines. Whereas the present is the key to the past, the past also sets the stage on which future changes play out. Coral reefs have played a prominent role in deciphering the trajectory of past sea-level change, and modern reefs are often founded on older Pleistocene reefs. Inheritance is apparent both at the scale of interglacial highstands and in terms of the Holocene landforms that characterise reef-top habitats. The stratigraphy of mangrove environments reveals their more passive response to sea-level rise, constrained by accommodation space provided by the prior topography. The suite of landforms that have developed during the past few millennia have resulted in a variable coastal landscape. Tidal incursion into low-lying terrain enables mangrove establishment, re-occupying former channel courses. The trajectory of past landform change has been contingent on biogeomorphological history, and the future response of these tropical systems will also reflect in part the legacy of their geomorphological evolution. The role of inheritance is investigated with respect to reef and wetland environments, illustrating how past coastal landforms predispose future response.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tests on the mitigation of dry granular flows induced by mountain landslides using ring-net technologies","authors":"Bin Wang,&nbsp;Hongyan Tian,&nbsp;Lijun Su,&nbsp;Siyou Xiao,&nbsp;Zhenyu Liu,&nbsp;Shuaisheng Miao","doi":"10.1002/esp.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>ROCCO ring-net flexible barriers play a crucial role in mitigating granular flows induced by landslides in steep mountainous regions. In geotechnical engineering practice, the design of these barriers critically depends on two key factors: the maximum jump height of the granular flow and its peak impact force. While ring-net flexible barriers are known for their deformability and permeability, these characteristics remain poorly understood from a quantitative perspective. To further reveal the impact-jump mechanisms of granular flows against ROCCO ring-net flexible barriers, an array of small-scale laboratory flume experiments were conducted. To modify the permeability of the barrier, three groups of particles with different median diameters were configured to control the relative diameter ratios between the ring-net mesh size and the grains from 2.0 to 3.6. The flow depth and velocity of the incoming granular flow were adjusted by altering the channel inclination to ensure the Froude number between 3 and 10 for dynamic similarity. Specifically accounting for barrier deformation and material outflow, the semi-empirical analytical models, grounded in the principles of momentum and mass conservation, were established. Futhermore, the proposed models were validated by comparing the normalized jump height, and the impact force coefficient at the moment of peak impact force between the prediction value and the experiment data. The experimental results show that both the incoming flow characteristics and the relative diameter ratio λ jointly determine the impact-jump mechanisms: pile-up or run-up. A larger λ tends to transition the impact-jump mechanism from pile-up to run-up under the flow conditions with a high Froude number <i>Fr</i>, while the corresponding maximum granular jump height and peak impact force decrease as expected. Comparison between the proposed models and experimental results indicates that barrier deflection determines the upper limit of the jump height, while the lower limit is further controlled by the outflow mass flux. The improved hydro-dynamic impact force model can adequately address most run-up scenarios, whereas, for pile-up cases, the contribution of the hydro-static force should also be considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of geological features on preferential flow on karst slopes in southwestern China","authors":"Fang Hou,&nbsp;Jinhua Cheng,&nbsp;Han Zhang,&nbsp;Xianglian Wang,&nbsp;Dewei Shi,&nbsp;Ning Guan,&nbsp;Yang Yu","doi":"10.1002/esp.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The preferential flow phenomenon in karst mountains is subject to the influence of geophysical factors at the hillslope scale. Variations in geologic structure, stemming from hillslope orientation and slope position, impact the level of development of preferential flow. In this study, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and field dye tracing experiments were applied on the south- and north-facing hillslopes to reveal the influence of slope aspects (south- and north-facing) and locations (uphill, mid-hill, and downhill) on preferential flow in a typical karst graben basin of Southwestern China. Results showed that the degree of preferential flow was higher on the north-facing hillslopes compared to the south-facing hillslopes, as indicated by the 3.6% higher preferential flow ratio (<i>P</i>_<i>F</i>) and 0.9% higher length index (<i>L</i>_<i>i</i>). For north-facing hillslopes, these two indices decreased with going uphill. There is a correlation between the geo-structural features reflected by GPR data and the indices (i.e., <i>P</i>_<i>F</i> and <i>L</i>_<i>i</i>) of preferential flow development. <i>P</i>_<i>F</i> and <i>L</i>_<i>i</i> were logarithmically increasing in relation to the radargram envelope parameters (i.e., maximum amplitude [Max_a] and total amplitude area [T_a]). A statistically significant correlation was found between the <i>P</i>_<i>F</i> and Max_a, T_a, and penetration depth (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). The response of the envelope to preferential flow was attributed to 50.3% and 30.4%, respectively, indicating that these envelope properties effectively differentiate between south- and north-facing hillslopes. Our study provides a useful approach to advance the understanding of the influence of subsurface structure on preferential water distribution in the hillslopes of the karst area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}