Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Trajectories of river-floodplain morphology and hydraulics following compounding wildfire-flood disturbances","authors":"Aleah J. Hahn,&nbsp;Nicholas D. Christensen,&nbsp;Daniel C. White,&nbsp;Ellen Wohl,&nbsp;Ryan R. Morrison","doi":"10.1002/esp.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70057","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wide, low-gradient segments within river networks (i.e., beads) play a critical role in absorbing and morphologically adapting to disturbances, including wildfires and debris flows. However, the magnitude and rate of morphological adjustment and subsequent hydraulic conditions provided by beads compared to pre-disturbance conditions are not well understood. This study analysed trajectories of river morphology, flood attenuation and hydraulic fish habitat following the 2020 Cameron Peak Fire and July 2022 debris flow and flood at Little Beaver Creek, Colorado, USA. Using repeat aerial imagery, ground-based surveys and hydrodynamic modelling, we assessed morphological changes in a 600-m-long bead of Little Beaver Creek. Metrics of floodplain destruction and formation and channel migration greatly increased in magnitude after the first post-fire runoff season but returned to the historical range of these metrics three years after the fire. The 2022 flood deposited sediment, infilled side channels, reduced pool area and increased the area of bars and islands. Flood wave attenuation and hydraulic habitat conditions did not show clear improvement or impairment despite more rapid changes in system geometry, geomorphic unit abundance and geomorphic unit location. The ability of the site to attenuate peak flows changed minimally and inconsistently over the studied floods. Various lotic habitat conditions changed—namely a reduction in floodplain access and deepening of certain pools—but the overall flow-type diversity of the system was not largely impacted. The resilience of the active channel of Little Beaver Creek to the fire and flood disturbances while retaining key services demonstrates the importance of river beads for enhancing river-floodplain resilience to large disturbance events and highlights river beads as key areas for preservation and restoration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143836255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘The influence of anthropogenic topographic changes on geomorphological processes in the city of Rome (Italy): A case study of the Malagrotta area’","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/esp.70056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Delchiaro, M.</span>, <span>Vergari, F.</span>, <span>Esposito, C.</span>, &amp; <span>Del Monte, M.</span> (<span>2025</span>). <span>The influence of anthropogenic topographic changes on geomorphological processes in the city of Rome (Italy): A case study of the Malagrotta area</span>. <i>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</i>, <span>50</span>(<span>3</span>), e70033. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70033\u0000 </p><p>We apologize for these errors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of geomorphological processes and landforms on the soil and vegetation characteristics: A case study of Davarzan alluvial fan, Northeast Iran","authors":"Shahram Bahrami,&nbsp;Mohammad Motamedi Rad,&nbsp;Alireza Salehipour Milani,&nbsp;Seyed Hamidreza Fatemi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70038","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Comprehensive understanding of the effects of alluvial fan geomorphology on the soil and vegetation properties can lead to better conservation and management of vegetation and soils. This study aims to analyse the effects of geomorphological landforms and processes of Davarzan alluvial fan on the properties of soils and vegetation. Aerial images were obtained by a DJI Phantom4 Professional drone to measure vegetation density (VD) and canopy cover (VCC). Subsequently, six topographic profiles from fan surfaces were provided by the 10-cm DEMs, prepared by aerial images. A total of 36 soil samples were gathered from different landforms (bar, swale, channel and interfluve) and positions (toe and apex) of fan surfaces. Soil properties including sand%, silt%, clay%, total organic carbon (TOC), soil hydraulic conductivity (K) and soil water content (W) were measured. Results show that TOC, clay% and silt% are higher at the old surface than the relict and young surfaces. Lower TOC, clay% and silt% of the relict surface (especially at its toe) can be attributed to its entrenched and crenulated surface with relatively steep topography, making it prone to greater soil erosion. Nevertheless, the means of vegetation canopy cover and vegetation density are higher at the relict surface than old and young ones, likely due to the fact that beds of deep channels developed on the relict surface have shaded conditions and are closer to groundwater. Data reveal that VD and VCC are higher at toes than apexes, at channels than interfluves of abandoned surfaces, and at swales than bars of young surface. Overall, the relative age, landforms, channel morphometry, geomorphological processes (i.e., weathering and aggradation) and positions (toe and apex) of alluvial fan are dominant factors affecting soil and vegetation characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of hydraulic properties on soil detachment rate at different slope positions during the spring thaw period","authors":"Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Yikui Bai,&nbsp;Suhua Fu,&nbsp;Xuan Wang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70058","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfall and snowmelt runoff are the primary drivers of soil detachment in cold regions. Understanding how hydraulic properties influence the soil detachment rate (<i>D</i>_<i>r</i>) is essential for accurately modelling soil erosion during the spring thaw period. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between hydraulic parameters and <i>D</i>_<i>r</i> at different slope positions. Experiments were conducted under four flow discharge conditions (4.5, 6.5, 8.5 and 10.5 L min⁻¹), two slope gradients (10° and 15°) and four thawing depths (2, 5, 10 and 15 cm). Results indicated <i>Dr</i> could be adequately described as a power function of the flow discharges increasing with shear stress, the resistance coefficient and stream power. Shear stress was identified as the most effective hydrodynamic parameter for predicting <i>D</i>_<i>r</i> at upslope (first slope) and midslope (second slope) positions, whereas stream power best predicted <i>D</i>_<i>r</i> at the downslope (third slope) position. Unit stream power was not a reliable predictor of <i>D</i>_<i>r</i>. These findings enhance the mechanistic understanding of soil erosion processes occurring during the spring thaw period and improve the predictive capabilities of soil erosion models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From glaciers to large rivers: Lessons and insights from long-term bedload monitoring","authors":"Rolf Rindler,&nbsp;Sabrina Schwarz,&nbsp;Andrea Lammer,&nbsp;Dorian Shire-Peterlechner,&nbsp;Philipp Gmeiner,&nbsp;Marcel Liedermann,&nbsp;Michael Tritthart,&nbsp;Helmut Habersack","doi":"10.1002/esp.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Quantifying bedload transport and its processes is a key challenge in river research and has been a topic of study for decades. In Austria, bedload transport is continuously monitored at seven sites, ranging from high-altitude Alpine regions to the Danube River, for over one decade. The investigated catchment areas range from 56 km² to 104,177 km². Direct measurement methods, including various bedload samplers, as well as indirect measurement methods, in this case, plate geophones, were used. Thus, the bed load transport of all flood events that occurred during the project period from 2010 to 2021 was recorded. Bedload transport and bedload yield could be determined on a station-specific basis using calibrated plate geophones and if possible, at the monitoring site with the bedload rating curve approach. A total of 2,848 individual measurements were conducted, using various bedload basket samplers, and 49 measurements with slot samplers. The mean annual bedload load at the observed sites ranges from 4,500 t to 360,000 t at the monitored catchment area. However, the annual loads are subject to significant fluctuations, depending on hydrology and catchment size. Long-term monitoring has shown that reliable conclusions can be drawn about bedload transport and its dependence on discharge and anthropogenic influences. The correlation between discharge and bedload transport tends to be weaker in smaller catchments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143831237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphic consequences of freshwater discharge and microbial mats in a macrotidal environment: The case of the beach of Dannes (northern France)","authors":"Yvonne Battiau-Queney,&nbsp;Sébastien Monchy,&nbsp;Sandra Ventalon,&nbsp;Marion Delattre,&nbsp;Luen-Luen Li,&nbsp;Vincent Sipka,&nbsp;Clémentine Gallot,&nbsp;François Guillot,&nbsp;Felipe Artigas","doi":"10.1002/esp.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the geomorphic consequences of possible microbial mats associated with freshwater discharge on the macrotidal sandy beach of Dannes (northern France). The aim was to explain the lack of foredune at Dannes, in contrast to nearby beaches, despite similar sand resources and meteorological-marine conditions. A transdisciplinary research was carried out, involving microbiology, geomorphology and sedimentology. In addition to topographic, hydrographic and sedimentological analyses related to the tidal cycle and storm occurrence, SEM analysis of the microtextures of quartz grains collected from the beach surface provided data on the marine and aeolian forces in the coastal system, as well as on the biological processes active in the sediment. The microbial composition of the beach surface sediment was identified using the metabarcoding approach with DNA extracted from samples collected in the field. The study highlights the presence of a millimetre layer of coloured sand that is strictly associated with freshwater outflows fed by groundwater from the Cretaceous Chalk aquifer. Several facts converge to identify this layer as a microbial mat where the aggregation of grains by bio-mineralogical mechanisms stabilizes the beach surface. Although less than 50 m wide, and located in the supratidal beach, the microbial mats, which are constantly washed by freshwater, inhibit wind transport of sand and prevent foredune formation. On the other hand, they promote the formation of a berm in relation to the run-up of storm waves, which could be enhanced by the low roughness of the microbial mat surface. Aerial photographs since 1946 show that the berm can form in less than 20 years, but it can suddenly disappear when the wave height and run-up exceed the threshold that triggers berm erosion. Thus, physical and biological processes that are active on the supratidal beach interact to create distinctive landforms, i.e. berms instead of foredunes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional geological modelling and long-term stability analysis of high-steep dangerous rock masses based on multisource data integration","authors":"Panpan Qin,&nbsp;Bolin Huang,&nbsp;Kaikai Xu,&nbsp;Xingchen Dong,&nbsp;Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Linfeng Bai","doi":"10.1002/esp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive high, steep and perilous rocky slopes are present on both sides of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with numerous such slopes interspersed. The rock mass structure of this type of dangerous rock slope is complex, strongly affecting the stability of the rock masses in this region. Hence, it is necessary to establish a detailed 3D geological model in combination with the internal structural characteristics of the rock mass. Taking the Jianchuandong 3# dangerous rock mass (JDRM 3#) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example, this study integrated UAV photogrammetry technology and 3D laser scanning technology to establish models of the surface of the dangerous rock mass, internal dissolution cavities and random fissures. A 3D geological model of JDRM 3# was constructed by integrating these models. Based on the constructed model, the evolution process of the deformation of JDRM 3# under the influence of long-term water-level fluctuation was simulated. The simulation results showed that long-term water-level fluctuation can lead to a deterioration in the strength of the base of the rock mass, with deformation and failure of the dangerous rock mass initially occurring around the internal dissolution cavities. A change in the internal structure of the rock mass played a vital role in the failure process of JDRM 3#, which aggravated the eccentric compression state of the base of the rock mass. It will eventually lead to a collapse failure of JDRM 3#. When the compressive strength of the base of the rock mass decreased by approximately 70.3%, the factor of safety (FOS) for JDRM 3# was &lt;1. By combining different geological investigation methods to establish a 3D geological model and using it for numerical calculations, this study provides a novel method to assess the stability of high-steep bank slopes in reservoir areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation and channel adjustment trajectories in cold regions: The effects of ice disturbances in two Gaspesian rivers","authors":"Matthieu Prugne,&nbsp;Dov Corenblit,&nbsp;Maxime Boivin,&nbsp;Thomas Buffin-Bélanger","doi":"10.1002/esp.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluvial biogeomorphology has proven to be efficient in understanding the evolution of rivers in terms of vegetation succession and channel adjustment.</p><p>The role of floods as the primary disturbance regime factor has been widely studied, and our knowledge of their effects on vegetation and channel adjustment has grown significantly in the last two decades. However, cold rivers experiencing ice dynamics (e.g., ice jams and mechanical breakups) as an additional disturbance regime have not yet been studied within a biogeomorphological scope. This study investigated the long-term effects of ice dynamics on channel adjustments and vegetation trajectories in two rivers with different geomorphological behaviours, one laterally confined (Matapédia River) and one mobile (Petite-Cascapédia River), in Quebec, Canada. Using dendrochronological analysis, historical data and aerial photographs from 1963 to 2016, this study reconstructed ice jam chronologies, characterized flood regimes and analysed vegetation and channel changes through a photointerpretation approach. The main findings of this study indicate that geomorphological impacts of mechanical ice breakups are not significant at the decadal and reach scales and that they might not be the primary factors of long-term geomorphological control. However, results have shown that vegetation was more sensitive to ice dynamics. Reaches presenting frequent ice jams depicted high regression rates and turnovers even during years with very low floods, suggesting that ice dynamics significantly increase shear stress on plant patches. This study also highlights the high resiliency of both rivers to ice jam disturbances, with vegetation communities and channel forms recovering within a decade. With the uncertainties following the reach/corridor and decadal scales, future research should focus on long-term monitoring and refined spatial scales to better understand the mechanisms behind the complex interactions among ice dynamics, vegetation and hydrogeomorphological processes in cold rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and numerical investigation of wave attenuation on vegetated seabeds","authors":"Diana De Padova,&nbsp;Mouldi Ben Meftah,&nbsp;Michele Mossa","doi":"10.1002/esp.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental issues have become increasingly important, with vegetation impacting ecosystems and the transport of nutrients and sediments. The present research aims to analyse, from a theoretical and numerical point of view, the attenuation of monochromatic waves by an array of rigid submerged cylindrical stems on a horizontal bottom. First, both the numerical and theoretical models were properly calibrated using data from the literature. Subsequently, the theoretical model's effectiveness was validated through numerical simulations performed with a 3D weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) model coupled with a sub-particle scale (SPS) approach for turbulent stresses, analysing different wave behaviours and various configurations of cylindrical arrays. The results confirmed the theoretical model's reliability in predicting wave height reduction and energy dissipation caused by submerged cylindrical obstacles on a horizontal bottom, demonstrating its practical applicability. Furthermore, utilizing the capabilities of 3D LES, SPH simulations have been used to inspect and detail the wave-induced vorticity behaviour around the stems. The results showed an antisymmetric vorticity around the stems driven by wave action. Additionally, the effects of the Keulegan–Carpenter (<i>KCr</i>) number, the submergence ratio (<i>α</i>) and the Ursell number (<i>Ur</i>) on the drag coefficient (<i>C</i>_<i>D</i>) were examined. Finally, wave-attenuation analysis was conducted to emphasize the importance of accounting for wave damping produced by stem spacing (<i>d</i>), submergence ratio and hydrodynamic parameters, (e.g., still water depth <i>h</i>, incident wave height <i>H</i> and wave period <i>T</i>). The results highlight that (i) for the same stem spacing, the wave height damping is more severe as the submergence ratios increases; (ii) for the same submergence ratio, the wave height damping is more severe as the stem spacing decreases; (iii) for the same submergence ratio, the wave height damping is more severe as the relative wave height (<i>H/h)</i> and wave steepness (<i>H/L)</i> increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking tidal-creek sediment fluxes to vertical sediment accretion in a restored salt marsh","authors":"Daniel J. Nowacki,&nbsp;Jessica R. Lacy,&nbsp;SeanPaul M. La Selle","doi":"10.1002/esp.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite growing interest and investment in salt-marsh restoration, relatively few marshes subjected to restoration efforts have been systematically monitored to assess physical restoration trajectory or success. In south San Francisco Bay, California, USA, where 83% of wetlands were lost via human manipulation, the largest wetland restoration effort on the US west coast is currently underway, restoring approximately 6000 ha of former salt-production ponds to mixed habitats. The Whale Tail–Cargill Mitigation salt-marsh complex in south San Francisco Bay has a century-long history of drainage, industrial use as salt-production ponds and subsequent restoration and recovery. Restoration of the 20 ha Cargill Mitigation Marsh was initiated in the late 1990s when the levee surrounding the subsided, former salt-production pond was breached in two locations, enabling conversion back to salt-marsh habitat in the subsequent decades. Here, we present time-series measurements of sediment fluxes in the primary tidal creek entering the salt-marsh complex, which are compared to decadal-scale sedimentation patterns determined from repeat elevation surveys and cores collected at the study site. All three methods show net sediment import to the restored marsh. The greatest equivalent sedimentation rates occurred early in the restoration, with generally decreasing rates through time. The long-term average, as determined from cores and expressed as a vertical sedimentation rate, is approximately 1.8 cm year⁻¹. Rates from the elevation data are between 1.4 and 2.6 cm year⁻¹, with higher rates earlier in the restoration. The most recent estimates, computed from time-series instrument deployments, indicate seasonal variability in sediment import. Annualized rates are lower in winter, approximately 0.1 cm year⁻¹, and higher in summer, approximately 1.7 cm year⁻¹. Although our measured long-term equivalent sedimentation rates are considerably greater than the current local relative sea-level rise (SLR) of 0.3 cm year⁻¹, an increase in SLR or decrease in available suspended sediment would threaten the ability of the marsh to keep pace with SLR and avoid drowning in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}