Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Channel morphology and large wood control postfire debris-flow erosion and deposition","authors":"Francis K. Rengers,&nbsp;Jason M. Stoker,&nbsp;Jaime Kostelnik,&nbsp;Jason W. Kean,&nbsp;Ellen E. Wohl,&nbsp;Katherine R. Barnhart,&nbsp;Lauren E. Guido","doi":"10.1002/esp.70287","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.70287","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Runoff-generated debris flows are a known response to wildfire, and accurately predicting the volume of these debris flows is important for estimating the magnitude of downstream hazards. Prior data collection efforts have focused on debris-flow volume measurements at catchment outlets, but few studies have considered how erosion and deposition modulate the volume of sediment arriving at catchment outlets. This study takes advantage of a high-resolution dataset to document the factors that control the total debris-flow volume reaching the catchment outlet during a fatal postfire debris flow. Using pre- and post-event airborne lidar, satellite imagery and field mapping, we found that a postfire debris flow in the Black Hollow catchment in northern Colorado eroded 136,000 ± 30,000 m³ and redeposited 27,000 ± 7,500 m³ in the main channel. Most of the in-channel deposition (52% by volume) occurred where a confined channel reach transitioned to an unconfined channel reach downstream, allowing the flow to widen and deposit material. Wood jams played multiple roles in the debris-flow dynamics, both nucleating deposition (25% of the deposit volume was stored behind wood jams) and exacerbating erosion (50% of the total erosion occurred downstream from a wood dam break). The remaining deposition occurred due to spatial changes in channel slope as well as deposition observed at newly formed channel bars. Using these data in this study, we identified topographic and vegetation metrics that can be used (pre-event) to anticipate where deposition may occur in channels prior to a debris flow.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70287","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An analysis of landslides in Great Britain using soil texture, rainfall and topography reveals contrasting failure conditions between organic and mineral soils","authors":"Jane Elliott,&nbsp;Siul Ruiz,&nbsp;Daniel McKay Fletcher","doi":"10.1002/esp.70283","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.70283","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfall-induced landslides cause millions of pounds in damage to infrastructure in Great Britain (GB) annually and occasionally result in human fatalities. Despite the risks, GB has few policies or guidelines to mitigate landslides, and limited research has characterised their regional incidence. Peat landslides, found mainly in the British Isles and a handful sub-Antarctic islands, have recently gained attention for their destructive impacts and the loss of valuable terrestrial carbon. Given the environmental significance of peat, we examine the current knowledge gaps regarding the mechanical conditions that trigger peat failures and compare with those governing failures in mineral soils. We start by empirically characterising landslide incidence in GB considering landslide events recorded in the British Geological Survey (BGS) database. Soil texture, topographic and antecedent rainfall data were acquired for the considered landslides. Organic landslides had significantly steeper slopes and higher antecedent rainfall sums than mineral landslides and occurred most frequently in late summer and early autumn months. Landslides in loam-textured soils were an order of magnitude more frequent than in other textures and remained the most frequent after normalisation by soil-texture area, although other groups exhibited comparable area-normalised failure rates. Using a K-means clustering analysis, landslide groups exhibiting similar slope, soil and rainfall characteristics were identified revealing unique inter-cluster spatial and temporal patterns. Organic landslides in the database could be roughly segregated as those that failed on shallow slopes with low antecedent rainfall in summer months (‘bog flows’) and those that failed on steep slopes with varying antecedent rainfall which were interpreted to largely be mineral failures with a peat veneer (‘peaty-debris flows’). The failure mechanism of the former was likely seasonal drops in peat moisture content, which facilitated rainwater infiltration through desiccation cracks raising pore pressures within the peat mass, increasing peat landslide susceptibility in late summer months. These results can be used to guide more accurate landslide risk management considering region and preconditioning factors which is pertinent for recent peatland restoration activities in GB.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70283","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating soil erosion rates using 137Cs and 210Pbex on cultivated and forest areas in central-western South Korea","authors":"Shinwoo Ki,&nbsp;Minseok Kim,&nbsp;Yeawon Kim,&nbsp;Young Shin Lim,&nbsp;Chanjoo Lee,&nbsp;Jin Kwan Kim","doi":"10.1002/esp.70281","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil erosion reduces soil productivity and pollutes streams and reservoirs through sediment inflow. Daecheong Lake, South Korea and its surrounding area, including the study area, is designated as a water source protection zone and has been experiencing increased soil erosion due to climate change, leading to water quality degradation. In this study, ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex radionuclides were used to estimate the medium- to long-term soil erosion rates in cultivated and forest areas typical of the Daecheong Lake region. The average erosion rates estimated using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex were 4.73 and 1.10 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively, for the forest area, and 75.61 and 124.70 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, respectively, for the cultivated area. For the forest area, these rates were similar to those estimated in previous studies, but the rates for the cultivated area were relatively high when compared to previously reported values. In addition, the relationship between erosion rate estimates based on ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex showed different patterns for cultivated and forest areas. This difference may be attributed to the different time scales associated with the ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex methods, enabling the spatiotemporal analysis of erosion that occurred in cultivated and forest areas. Therefore, we demonstrate the potential of using ¹³⁷Cs and ²¹⁰Pb_ex to estimate erosion rates in Korea and suggest that these two distinct radionuclides can be useful tools for understanding the history of soil erosion in cultivated and forest areas through the interpretation of differences in estimated erosion rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the influence of climate and volcanic surface aging on fluvial erosion: A case study of Réunion Island, Indian Ocean","authors":"Daniel O'Hara,&nbsp;Loraine Gourbet,&nbsp;Laurent Michon,&nbsp;Vincent Famin","doi":"10.1002/esp.70269","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.70269","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Precipitation is one of the dominant drivers of landscape erosion and evolution; however, the effects of typical rainfall compared with less frequent, high-magnitude precipitation events on erosion remain unclear. Volcanic islands are ideal locations to study such phenomena due to their simple geometries, nontectonic construction, and strong spatiotemporal rainfall gradients. However, spatial variation in surface age, created during their construction, often complicates their degradation histories by introducing temporal changes in erosion rates as drainage networks develop. Réunion Island (western Indian Ocean) presents a clear example of this, with an east–west gradient in both surface age and mean annual precipitation, as well as infrequent cyclones that alter the background rainfall pattern. In this study, we analyze the effects of surface age, average rainfall, and rainfall variability on basin development and fluvial erosion across the island. We calculate basin-averaged values of basin morphology, age, precipitation, river discharge, eroded volumes, and erosion rates, and use these to analyze the dominant drivers of landscape evolution through a series of correlation analyses. Our results indicate a temporal dependence on the influence of precipitation, with young surfaces being dominantly eroded by high-rainfall events and older surfaces eroded by mean annual rainfall patterns. Furthermore, we show that drainage development of shield volcanoes follows similar trends to other volcano types, and suggest that surface permeability and groundwater structure are important controls on runoff-driven erosion on shield volcanoes. These results add new components to the question of how precipitation impacts erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70269","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147668870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene subaqueous landslide dynamics in the Lake Siljan-Orsasjön Basin, south-central Sweden","authors":"Per Möller,&nbsp;Dan Hammarlund,&nbsp;Karl Ljung,&nbsp;Matt O'Regan,&nbsp;Linda Hoff,&nbsp;Emelie Ståhl,&nbsp;Martin Jakobsson","doi":"10.1002/esp.70279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Siljan-Orsasjön Basin in south-central Sweden hosts two prominent lakes. A 100 m deep channel extends approximately 52 km across the basin but does not form a continuous connection between the lakes today. Geophysical mapping, including multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiling, revealed several landslide areas associated with the steep slopes of this channel and redistributed mass-wasted glaciolacustrine varved sediments as well as later-deposited laminated lake sediments. To assess the timing and processes of sediment displacement within these subaqueous landslide areas, sediment cores were retrieved and radiocarbon dated. The results uncovered a complex stratigraphy and ruled out the possibility of a single landslide event. Instead, several events have occurred over the past 10,000 years, beginning shortly after the deglaciation.</p><p>Stratigraphic analysis of the sediment cores retrieved from the mass-wasted deposits revealed various types of mass transport, including coherent slide blocks, slumps, debris flows and turbidites, intercalated with undisturbed lacustrine sediments. The oldest landslides may have been triggered by seismic activity already during the early postglacial period. Subsequent enlargements of the landslide areas were driven by lateral widening and retrogressive erosion, with major sediment slides occurring as recently as less than 500 years ago.</p><p>These results have important implications for understanding geohazards, particularly risks posed to underwater infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines. The study presents a comprehensive methodology that combines high-resolution geophysical techniques with sedimentological analysis to assess the long-term of subaqueous landslides.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene subaqueous landslide dynamics in the Lake Siljan-Orsasjön Basin, south-central Sweden","authors":"Per Möller,&nbsp;Dan Hammarlund,&nbsp;Karl Ljung,&nbsp;Matt O'Regan,&nbsp;Linda Hoff,&nbsp;Emelie Ståhl,&nbsp;Martin Jakobsson","doi":"10.1002/esp.70279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70279","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Siljan-Orsasjön Basin in south-central Sweden hosts two prominent lakes. A 100 m deep channel extends approximately 52 km across the basin but does not form a continuous connection between the lakes today. Geophysical mapping, including multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiling, revealed several landslide areas associated with the steep slopes of this channel and redistributed mass-wasted glaciolacustrine varved sediments as well as later-deposited laminated lake sediments. To assess the timing and processes of sediment displacement within these subaqueous landslide areas, sediment cores were retrieved and radiocarbon dated. The results uncovered a complex stratigraphy and ruled out the possibility of a single landslide event. Instead, several events have occurred over the past 10,000 years, beginning shortly after the deglaciation.</p><p>Stratigraphic analysis of the sediment cores retrieved from the mass-wasted deposits revealed various types of mass transport, including coherent slide blocks, slumps, debris flows and turbidites, intercalated with undisturbed lacustrine sediments. The oldest landslides may have been triggered by seismic activity already during the early postglacial period. Subsequent enlargements of the landslide areas were driven by lateral widening and retrogressive erosion, with major sediment slides occurring as recently as less than 500 years ago.</p><p>These results have important implications for understanding geohazards, particularly risks posed to underwater infrastructure, such as cables and pipelines. The study presents a comprehensive methodology that combines high-resolution geophysical techniques with sedimentological analysis to assess the long-term of subaqueous landslides.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new approach for sediment motion threshold detection in bimodal mixtures","authors":"Elias Daich,&nbsp;Mélanie Vah,&nbsp;Alaa Khoury,&nbsp;Armelle Jarno,&nbsp;François Marin","doi":"10.1002/esp.70267","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.70267","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The initiation of motion in bimodal sands is investigated using a correlation technique. The method, previously developed for homogeneous sands, is extended to bimodal mixtures through a series of experiments with varying sand and fine gravel mixtures, resulting in median diameter ratios up to 8. Two transport thresholds are identified, initially associated with the median diameters of the two modes. The hiding-exposure effect is then examined, suggesting that the second threshold is linked to the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>90</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {D}_{90} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> diameter, rather than the <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>D</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>50</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation>$$ {D}_{50} $$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> diameter of the coarser mode. Finally, a number-weighted approach to the hiding-exposure effect is proposed to better account for grain environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70267","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147585218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary approach to revisit the state of activity of a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in the frame of the Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Central Apennines (Italy)","authors":"Giorgia Berardo,&nbsp;Gabriele Amato,&nbsp;Irene Cornacchia,&nbsp;Matteo Fiorucci,&nbsp;Gian Marco Marmoni,&nbsp;Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza","doi":"10.1002/esp.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evaluating the state of activity of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD) is a challenge that requires multidisciplinary analytical approaches. This research focuses on the slope-scale gravitational process, framing the role of the Quaternary morphodynamics of a river valley where multiple DSGSDs coexist, to reconstruct the causative factors controlling slope instabilities in a long-term evolutionary history. The study area, located in the Velino River Valley (Rieti, Central Italy) and the San Vittorino intermontane plain, experienced a complex geological history significantly influenced by the interplay of tectonic and climatic processes. The Quaternary geomorphological evolution of this sector was framed to shed light on fluvial and slope dynamics and assess the residual landslide hazard along the valley. In this research, we investigated the case study of the Paterno slope, which, according to the previous official risk mapping, was characterized by a high risk. The reported reconstruction is based on numerous breccia outcrops distributed at different elevations along the slope, leading to an updated evolutionary model of the Velino River and Paterno slope system, which is further corroborated by the most current official risk mapping. This study also allows us to infer the preparatory role of karstic and fluvial processes in Quaternary morphoevolution. Geomorphic markers, such as evidence of flat surfaces and a paleolandscape resulting from erosional processes, have been identified at different sites along the Velino Valley, attributed to the Lower Villafranchian (2.58 Ma). The reported findings revealed that these deposits, composed mainly of slope talus breccias, outcrop at elevations lower than that of the relict ‘Fontanelle Surface’ in the study area since they are partially dislodged by gravitational processes. Geomorphic analysis, together with field investigations and laboratory analyses, focused on these breccias, trying to understand their genesis and Quaternary history. Based on these findings, combined with field surveys, geomorphological analysis and evidence from InSAR satellite data, we revisit the extent and current state of activity of the Paterno DSGSD. As a result, this multidisciplinary approach led us to propose an updated hazard assessment, indicating a low level of associated hazard, also adding pieces of evidence to the morphoevolution of the area with a lookout to the residual risk conditions in this sector of the Apennine mountain chain. This transferable combination of multiple techniques to support the DSGSD hazard assessment can be applied to other mountainous contexts prone to DSGSD. This study aims to provide a comprehensive example of how geomorphological large-scale analysis, integrated with local thin section analysis and remote sensing, can be adopted to make a step in the analysis of DSGSD affecting tectonically active mountain areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multidisciplinary approach to revisit the state of activity of a deep-seated gravitational slope deformation in the frame of the Quaternary geomorphological evolution of the Central Apennines (Italy)","authors":"Giorgia Berardo,&nbsp;Gabriele Amato,&nbsp;Irene Cornacchia,&nbsp;Matteo Fiorucci,&nbsp;Gian Marco Marmoni,&nbsp;Gabriele Scarascia Mugnozza","doi":"10.1002/esp.70250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70250","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Evaluating the state of activity of Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DSGSD) is a challenge that requires multidisciplinary analytical approaches. This research focuses on the slope-scale gravitational process, framing the role of the Quaternary morphodynamics of a river valley where multiple DSGSDs coexist, to reconstruct the causative factors controlling slope instabilities in a long-term evolutionary history. The study area, located in the Velino River Valley (Rieti, Central Italy) and the San Vittorino intermontane plain, experienced a complex geological history significantly influenced by the interplay of tectonic and climatic processes. The Quaternary geomorphological evolution of this sector was framed to shed light on fluvial and slope dynamics and assess the residual landslide hazard along the valley. In this research, we investigated the case study of the Paterno slope, which, according to the previous official risk mapping, was characterized by a high risk. The reported reconstruction is based on numerous breccia outcrops distributed at different elevations along the slope, leading to an updated evolutionary model of the Velino River and Paterno slope system, which is further corroborated by the most current official risk mapping. This study also allows us to infer the preparatory role of karstic and fluvial processes in Quaternary morphoevolution. Geomorphic markers, such as evidence of flat surfaces and a paleolandscape resulting from erosional processes, have been identified at different sites along the Velino Valley, attributed to the Lower Villafranchian (2.58 Ma). The reported findings revealed that these deposits, composed mainly of slope talus breccias, outcrop at elevations lower than that of the relict ‘Fontanelle Surface’ in the study area since they are partially dislodged by gravitational processes. Geomorphic analysis, together with field investigations and laboratory analyses, focused on these breccias, trying to understand their genesis and Quaternary history. Based on these findings, combined with field surveys, geomorphological analysis and evidence from InSAR satellite data, we revisit the extent and current state of activity of the Paterno DSGSD. As a result, this multidisciplinary approach led us to propose an updated hazard assessment, indicating a low level of associated hazard, also adding pieces of evidence to the morphoevolution of the area with a lookout to the residual risk conditions in this sector of the Apennine mountain chain. This transferable combination of multiple techniques to support the DSGSD hazard assessment can be applied to other mountainous contexts prone to DSGSD. This study aims to provide a comprehensive example of how geomorphological large-scale analysis, integrated with local thin section analysis and remote sensing, can be adopted to make a step in the analysis of DSGSD affecting tectonically active mountain areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70250","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing human-induced geomorphic changes through historical maps and multitemporal remote sensing data in the Cancano–San Giacomo di Fraele reservoirs (Central Alps, Italy)","authors":"Luca Forti,&nbsp;Manuela Pelfini,&nbsp;Anna Masseroli,&nbsp;Michele Zucali,&nbsp;Fabrizio Felletti,&nbsp;Stefano Morosini,&nbsp;Fabrizio Trisoglio,&nbsp;Andrea Zerboni,&nbsp;Roberto Sergio Azzoni","doi":"10.1002/esp.70280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper investigates human-induced geomorphological transformation along the Fraele Valley (Central Alps, Northern Italy) following the construction and operation of the Cancano I, San Giacomo di Fraele and Cancano II hydroelectric dams. By integrating historical maps (1866–1931), aerial imagery (1945–1954), declassified satellite data, recent remote sensing products and field geomorphological mapping, we reconstruct the evolution of the Adda River corridor from a natural braided river system to a regulated and largely submerged hydrographic network. The results show that the original fluvial landforms, characterized by debris-flow fans, gravel bars and dynamic channels, were progressively submerged and reworked by reservoir development and seasonal water-level fluctuations, promoting the formation of fan deltas, shoreline gullies and subaqueous landforms and redirecting sediment fluxes into the artificial basins. Field surveys during an exceptional low-lake level in 2023 improved remote-sensing interpretations, revealing submerged landforms, reactivated drainage pathways and localized shoreline erosion. These multiscale observations highlight how repeated water-level oscillations act as a key morphodynamic driver, enhancing sediment reworking and slope–reservoir nexus. This work contributes to the understanding of anthropogenic geomorphology in high-mountain regions, underscoring the value of combining remote sensing data, historical cartography and field evidence to assess large-scale and subtle diachronic transformations of the Alpine catchment. The study highlights the need for integrated approaches to evaluate long-term landscape change and geomorphic feedbacks in regulated mountain catchments.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147614991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}