Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Evidence for Submarine Landslides at Climate Transitions in a High Arctic Fjord (Grise Fiord, Nunavut)","authors":"C. Stancu,&nbsp;A. Normandeau,&nbsp;J. B. R. Eamer,&nbsp;A. Limoges,&nbsp;A. Heras Duran,&nbsp;N. Kiguktak,&nbsp;S. Pijamini,&nbsp;T. Noah,&nbsp;L. Watsko,&nbsp;M. Bhatia,&nbsp;E. M. Bertrand,&nbsp;D. Didier","doi":"10.1002/esp.70417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70417","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Arctic fjords are experiencing rapid environmental change driven by amplified high-latitude warming, with implications for submarine slope stability. This study investigates the distribution, timing and triggering mechanisms of submarine landslides in Grise Fiord (High Arctic) to evaluate the role of past climate variability in sediment preconditioning and slope failure. High-resolution multibeam bathymetry and sub-bottom profiler data were combined with a multiproxy analysis of sediment cores, including physical properties, dinoflagellate cyst assemblages and geochemistry. Bathymetric mapping reveals more than 100 submarine landslides throughout the fjord, with morphologies indicating triggering by deltaic progradation, iceberg groundings and the downslope extension of subaerial debris flows. Core stratigraphy and acoustic backscatter data suggest that these slope failures are not modern, having occurred more than 1000 years ago. Available chronologies on three of the submarine landslides suggest that they were initiated during transitions from colder to warmer climatic conditions, pointing to a climatic control on slope instability, potentially linked to reduced sea-ice cover and increased meltwater and sediment delivery. These findings contrast with lower latitude fjords on southern Baffin Island, where modern submarine landslides are already occurring, highlighting a spatial lag in geomorphic response to Arctic warming. Grise Fiord may therefore represent a fjord system in a preinstability state, with modern slope failures likely to emerge once climatic thresholds similar to those in southern Baffin Island are reached. Continued warming underscores the need for monitoring, particularly given implications for future coastal and port infrastructure in Ausuittuq.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70417","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Informed Guide to Hydrodynamic Models Accounting for Large Wood and Logjams in Rivers","authors":"Elisabetta Persi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70420","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In recent years, hydrodynamic numerical models that include the effect of large wood (LW) on river processes have been developed to provide a better understanding of its dynamics, its effect on the river ecosystem, and on hydraulic safety. However, their application is still limited. This paper presents a systematic review that identifies the relevant characteristics, in terms of application and modelling strategies, of existing hydrodynamic models that include LW simulation, considering both moving LW and LW organized into logjams. Thanks to the analysis of the correlation between relevant variables derived from the paper database, it is found that the approach selected to represent LW is significantly related to the aim of the LW hydrodynamic modelling. Static LW modelling, used to simulate natural or engineered logjams, is mainly employed to study the effects of LW on the river ecosystem while moving LW models, that simulate the transport of LW or estimate its mobility, are more frequently adopted to model flood scenarios. This difference, supported by statistical correlation, is employed to split the database into two groups of models (for static and moving LW, respectively) and is used as a threshold to identify suitable models and foster their application. A decision checklist is proposed to guide the final users to assess LW modelling feasibility and identify adequate tools. Users are guided by focusing on aspects like the availability of data for relevant processes, or the model calibration and parallelization, referring to ancillary tables that summarize the models' characteristics and data requirements. The proposed methodology is intended to encourage the informed adoption of hydrodynamic numerical modelling, including LW and logjams. Following the decision checklist, the users would be able to not only better understand the feasibility of LW modelling, but also identify existing limiting factors, eventually taking action to address these gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Paraglacial Beach Development in Front of Rapidly Retreating Marine-Terminating Glacier – Hansbreen, Svalbard","authors":"Oskar Kostrzewa,&nbsp;Krzysztof Senderak,&nbsp;Michał Ciepły,&nbsp;Oskar Głowacki,&nbsp;Mateusz Czesław Strzelecki","doi":"10.1002/esp.70432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70432","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the formation and controlling mechanisms of shorelines in the forefield marine-terminating glacier in Svalbard (Hansbreen, SW Spitsbergen), utilising multi-temporal remote sensing, sedimentological analysis and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). Since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA), glacier retreat has exposed nearly 10 km of new coastline, with a marked acceleration with intensified deglaciation. Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) results reveal widespread coastal erosion characterised by high spatial variability. This variability is more strongly associated with contrasting wave-exposure conditions within the fjord than with distance to the present glacier front, which explains little of the observed shoreline change. Sea ice acts as a seasonal regulator—limiting the duration of wave activity rather than directly exerting thermodynamic or mechanical magnitude. Furthermore, sedimentological and geophysical data show a clear transition from heterogeneous glacigenic environments near the terminus to progressively reworked, wave-dominated systems. Grain-size distributions and internal stratigraphic architectures revealed by GPR surveys reflect greater sorting efficiency and morphological organisation as distance from active sediment sources increases. Ultimately, Hansbreen forefield represents a strongly process-structured paraglacial system, where coastal evolution is governed by the spatial distribution of wave energy and exposure history rather than direct glacial forcing or fluctuations in sediment supply.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149205437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Large-Scale Patterns of Linear Dune Morphology and Their Environmental Controls in the South-Western Kalahari","authors":"Maike Nowatzki,&nbsp;David S. G. Thomas,&nbsp;Richard M. Bailey","doi":"10.1002/esp.70412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70412","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although mechanisms forming the various dune types are well established, the drivers of morphological variability within linear dunes remain understudied. To address this, we systematically mapped key dune morphometrics along with potential controlling factors in the linear dune fields of the south-western Kalahari and statistically assessed their relationships. Mapping techniques are based on digital terrain analysis and also include a novel application of deep learning to predict wavelengths. Results highlight the influence of wind regime and river valleys on dune morphology and suggest that the south-western Kalahari reflects regionally heterogeneous controls. The study demonstrates how data-driven methods suited for the analysis across large spatial scales can reveal dune–environment relationships and identify key patterns and anomalies that warrant further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70412","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Supervised Artificial Neural Network Approach for Linking Grain-Size Parameters to Depositional Environments: A Proof-of-Concept Study From Western New York","authors":"Matthew P. Purtill","doi":"10.1002/esp.70433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70433","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Developing methods to reliably recognize depositional processes and environments in unconsolidated materials is of broad interest to various Earth science fields, archaeology, engineering and life-sciences. Recent decades have seen renewed interest in using grain-size characteristics to reconstruct past depositional environments, driven by increased computing power and advanced analytical techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence. This study presents a proof-of-concept that integrates principal components and artificial neural network-multilayer perceptron (ANN-MLP) analyses to effectively classify sediments derived from broad depositional environments, including alluvial, glacial, coastal, lacustrine and aeolian settings, based on commonly calculated grain-size metrics. The resulting model, built from 180 unconsolidated sediment samples, demonstrates strong performance, achieving an average accuracy of 90% across 10 model runs. A validation analysis using a reduced, class-balanced subset (<i>n</i> = 98) of the data largely confirmed the initial model results. Application of the trained ANN-MLP to samples from the McKendry archaeological site further demonstrates the approach's feasibility through a reevaluation of the original field interpretations, including identifying fine-grained sediments previously interpreted as aeolian loess as probable overbank alluvium. The approach also yields probability outputs that provide information on classification confidence and hold promise for identifying deposits with ambiguous or mixed depositional histories. While limitations remain, such as regional transferability and better discrimination between certain classes (glaciolacustrine vs. aeolian loess), the results highlight the potential for ANN-MLP modelling to augment traditional grain-size analyses by employing machine learning approaches to advance environmental reconstruction and archaeological interpretations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fractal Analysis, Morpho-Sedimentary Aspects and Coastal Vulnerability in Mediterranean Islands: A Novel Approach","authors":"Luca Lämmle,&nbsp;Archimedes Perez Filho,&nbsp;Vinicius Borges Moreira,&nbsp;Silvia Ilacqua,&nbsp;Mariarca D′Aniello,&nbsp;Bruno Araújo Torres,&nbsp;Leonidas Stamatopoulos,&nbsp;Pavlos Avramidis,&nbsp;Carlo Donadio","doi":"10.1002/esp.70425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70425","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mediterranean islands are increasingly threatened by climate change and growing tourism pressure, making the understanding of their coastal dynamics essential for sustainable management. This study investigated modern coastal dynamics and vulnerability on the islands of Procida (Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy) and Mykonos (Cyclades, Greece) through an integrated approach combining (1) two-dimensional fractal analysis, (2) granulometric and morphoscopic analyses of beach sediments and (3) coastal exposure assessment using geographical and effective fetch analyses. The methodological resources applied were (1) 2D-fractal analysis, (2) granulometric analysis of beach sediments, morphoscopy of quartz and silicate grains, (3) meteomarine climate and geographical fetch analysis. After performing physiographic subdivisions of the coastal perimeter of the studied islands, it was possible to compare and quantify their fragility. Our results indicated that the Mykonos shoreline has higher geometric complexity, as indicated by both the box-counting fractal dimension (D_b = 1.15) and the correlation fractal dimension (D_c = 1.17), than Procida (D_b = 1.09; D_c = 1.12), with Procida being more susceptible to uniform wave impact and possible extreme events. The greater vulnerability of Procida Island was also corroborated by the sedimentological analysis, which indicated a homogeneous classification of slightly gravelly sand in a highly energetic, constantly changing environment. The integrated methodological framework proved effective for assessing coastal vulnerability and morphodynamic behaviour in Mediterranean island environments and may support future coastal monitoring and management strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydro-Sedimentological Dynamics in a Compound Bifurcating System of a Large Anabranching River: A Case Study of the Paraná River","authors":"L. G. Dominguez Ruben,&nbsp;R. N. Szupiany,&nbsp;F. Latosinski,&nbsp;P. Tassi,&nbsp;C. Vionnet","doi":"10.1002/esp.70428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70428","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Bifurcations in large anabranching rivers are key controls on lateral and longitudinal hydro-sedimentological connectivity, governing the interactions among flow, sediment transport and channel morphology that drive continuous morphological adjustment and reorganization. Although substantial advances in understanding bifurcation dynamics have been achieved through theoretical formulations, numerical modelling, laboratory experiments and field observations, the behaviour of natural compound bifurcation–confluence systems with multiple interacting nodes remains comparatively less understood. The Paraná River exemplifies such complexity, comprising an extensive anabranching network in which successive bifurcations and confluences interact over large spatial extents and under highly variable hydrological and sediment-supply conditions. Here, we investigate the dominant hydro-sedimentological and morphological controls governing the evolution of a natural compound bifurcation unit and examine how external boundary conditions, including upstream sediment inputs and downstream flow diversion through a distributary channel, interact with its internal dynamics. We combine multi-decadal planform analysis, field measurements of flow and suspended-sediment transport and hydrodynamic modelling. Results show that flow partitioning within natural compound bifurcation systems reflects a shifting balance among channel morphology and conveyance, branch slope and flow inertia, whose relative importance changes with both morphological adjustment and hydrological conditions. Progressive aggradation and loss of conveyance in individual branches can modify this balance, whereas high-flow conditions increase the relative influence of flow inertia and temporarily redistribute discharge among branches. A key finding is that sediment partitioning remains strongly decoupled from water-discharge partitioning, because transverse gradients in suspended-sediment concentration inherited from upstream tributary inputs persist over long downstream distances and preferentially route sediment through particular branches, promoting localized aggradation and bar–island development. Numerical experiments further show that flow diversion through a downstream distributary influences discharge partitioning at upstream bifurcation nodes, revealing hydraulic coupling across the compound system. Overall, the evolution of large compound bifurcation systems is governed by the combined effects of local hydraulic and morphological controls, hydrological variability, inherited sediment distributions and external boundary conditions. These findings highlight the need to view compound bifurcation systems as interconnected systems rather than as collections of independent bifurcation nodes.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149146382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Major and Rapid Morphodynamic Changes to an Unvegetated Cay Under Typical Weather Conditions: Taylor Cay, Central Great Barrier Reef, Australia","authors":"Emily Lazarus,&nbsp;Holly Muecke,&nbsp;Stephen Lewis,&nbsp;Scott Smithers,&nbsp;Stephanie Duce","doi":"10.1002/esp.70407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70407","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Cays are low-lying accumulations of carbonate sediment, formed and modified by hydrodynamic processes acting over coral reef platforms. More than 230 cays occur within the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), supporting valuable ecosystem and cultural functions. Although unvegetated cays are generally small, they comprise 55% of all GBR cays. Despite their prevalence, the morphodynamic behaviour of unvegetated cays on the GBR has rarely been documented. Taylor Cay is an 8400 m² unvegetated cay located on the central GBR that supports valuable seabird nesting habitat. Between April 2023 and April 2024, Taylor Cay was mapped with a drone and Post-Processing Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (PPK-GNSS) five times. A cay footprint was manually digitised from each drone orthomosaic, and the change in cay area and migration of the centroid was measured. Digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from the drone imagery were used to calculate the area above highest astronomical tide (HAT) and cay volume for each survey. Rates of change in cay area, volume and migration rates were calculated between surveys and showed that Taylor Cay is highly dynamic at intra-annual timescales. Cay area ranged between 4023 m² and 8480 m², with a net increase of 52.8% over the 12-month observation period. Cay position was also highly dynamic, with a maximum centroid migration rate of 5.1 m/week (30.6 m over 6 weeks). The area of the cay above HAT varied between 347 m² (May 2023) and 0 m² (November 2023), with the entire cay below HAT at the beginning of the seabird nesting season (November). This study shows Taylor Cay morphologically responds to changes in the hydrodynamic conditions by migration, planimetric expansion or contraction and elevation changes. Understanding short-term cay dynamics and their impacts on habitat provision is critical for conservation management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70407","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on the Aeolian Characteristics of Arkhangelsky Crater on Mars Realized Through MRO-HiRISE Observations","authors":"Deb Deep Mandal,&nbsp;Anirban Mandal,&nbsp;Satyaki Banerjee,&nbsp;Jagabandhu Panda","doi":"10.1002/esp.70431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70431","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aeolian environment provides valuable information about the planetary surface and current climatic conditions. This study examines the aeolian characteristics in the Arkhangelsky crater on Mars using observations from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) onboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Specific emphasis is given on their morphometry and migration pattern to gain an understanding of the Martian land-atmosphere interaction. Aeolian features like barchan and barchanoid dunes, ripples and megaripples are observed in the crater. The total dune length varies between 341 and 1219 m, the body width ranges from 266 to 633 m and the height varies between 21 and 62 m. The right horn is typically bigger than the left one, owing to the sand supply and wind dynamics. The sand supply towards the right horn is further confirmed by moderate correlations between its length and body width and body length. While asymmetric horns indicate different wind directions, a high correlation between dune length and width indicates sand transport patterns. A strong negative correlation between asymmetry index (ASI) and slipface angle points to the asymmetry between the orientation of the stoss and lee side. The wavelength of ripples is in the range of 2–3 m, while the megaripple wavelength varies between 5 and 17 m. Dune migrates primarily in the NNE–NE direction at a rate of 0.25–0.61 m/Earth year, while the ripple migration is observed between 0.26 and 0.97 m/Earth year, also in the NNE–NE direction. The development and removal of new slip face scars suggest the ongoing mass wasting processes. The observation of dust devil tracks over the years offers insight into the robust wind dynamics inside the crater. The current analysis on the aeolian characteristics at the Arkhangelsky crater advances our understanding of Mars' present surface dynamics and helps plan for future missions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of DEM Resolution on Hectare-Scale Potential Soil Loss Modelling: A Case Study Using a Spatially Distributed Erosion Model","authors":"Alla V. Piatkova,&nbsp;Nick A. Cutler","doi":"10.1002/esp.70430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70430","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are essential in estimating soil erosion, yet the influence of DEM spatial resolution on model outputs remains uncertain, particularly at the scale of individual fields. This study investigates how raster cell size affects soil erosion estimates using a physical-statistical soil erosion model (PSSEM) on a 2.8-km² agricultural area in Northern England. High-resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs (1 m) were resampled to 5-, 10- and 30-m resolutions to compare their influence on key topographic and erosion-related metrics. The results show that as raster cell size increases, generally slopes become smoother, ephemeral stream lengths increase and active sediment formation zones shorten. The average soil loss estimates ranged from 0.99 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (30 m) to 2.81 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ (5 m), demonstrating variations of nearly threefold across resolutions. Flow concentration coefficients and erosion distribution patterns were also affected, with finer resolutions better capturing local extremes of erosion and deposition. Statistical comparison of PSSEM runs using mean absolute deviation (MAD) and Euclidean distance (ED) showed, for example, that the MAD between 1- and 5-m models reached 3.35 t ha⁻¹ year⁻¹, indicating prominent changes, while further coarsening led to a general smoothing of results. Despite this, low-resolution DEMs (e.g., 30 m) may provide a generalized basis for preliminary erosion risk assessment over larger areas but should be interpreted with caution. However, for detailed farm-scale planning and the identification of erosion-prone microzones, higher resolution models (≤ 5 m) are necessary. The findings indicate that DEM resolution should be chosen according to the objectives of erosion modelling: Coarser grids can be applied for preliminary evaluations, whereas high-resolution data (≤ 5 m) are required to capture fine-scale spatial variability and to support detailed planning of erosion control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149145875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}