Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Geomorphic consequences of freshwater discharge and microbial mats in a macrotidal environment: The case of the beach of Dannes (northern France)","authors":"Yvonne Battiau-Queney,&nbsp;Sébastien Monchy,&nbsp;Sandra Ventalon,&nbsp;Marion Delattre,&nbsp;Luen-Luen Li,&nbsp;Vincent Sipka,&nbsp;Clémentine Gallot,&nbsp;François Guillot,&nbsp;Felipe Artigas","doi":"10.1002/esp.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study focuses on the geomorphic consequences of possible microbial mats associated with freshwater discharge on the macrotidal sandy beach of Dannes (northern France). The aim was to explain the lack of foredune at Dannes, in contrast to nearby beaches, despite similar sand resources and meteorological-marine conditions. A transdisciplinary research was carried out, involving microbiology, geomorphology and sedimentology. In addition to topographic, hydrographic and sedimentological analyses related to the tidal cycle and storm occurrence, SEM analysis of the microtextures of quartz grains collected from the beach surface provided data on the marine and aeolian forces in the coastal system, as well as on the biological processes active in the sediment. The microbial composition of the beach surface sediment was identified using the metabarcoding approach with DNA extracted from samples collected in the field. The study highlights the presence of a millimetre layer of coloured sand that is strictly associated with freshwater outflows fed by groundwater from the Cretaceous Chalk aquifer. Several facts converge to identify this layer as a microbial mat where the aggregation of grains by bio-mineralogical mechanisms stabilizes the beach surface. Although less than 50 m wide, and located in the supratidal beach, the microbial mats, which are constantly washed by freshwater, inhibit wind transport of sand and prevent foredune formation. On the other hand, they promote the formation of a berm in relation to the run-up of storm waves, which could be enhanced by the low roughness of the microbial mat surface. Aerial photographs since 1946 show that the berm can form in less than 20 years, but it can suddenly disappear when the wave height and run-up exceed the threshold that triggers berm erosion. Thus, physical and biological processes that are active on the supratidal beach interact to create distinctive landforms, i.e. berms instead of foredunes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143793402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional geological modelling and long-term stability analysis of high-steep dangerous rock masses based on multisource data integration","authors":"Panpan Qin,&nbsp;Bolin Huang,&nbsp;Kaikai Xu,&nbsp;Xingchen Dong,&nbsp;Zhen Qin,&nbsp;Linfeng Bai","doi":"10.1002/esp.70026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extensive high, steep and perilous rocky slopes are present on both sides of the Three Gorges Reservoir area, with numerous such slopes interspersed. The rock mass structure of this type of dangerous rock slope is complex, strongly affecting the stability of the rock masses in this region. Hence, it is necessary to establish a detailed 3D geological model in combination with the internal structural characteristics of the rock mass. Taking the Jianchuandong 3# dangerous rock mass (JDRM 3#) in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as an example, this study integrated UAV photogrammetry technology and 3D laser scanning technology to establish models of the surface of the dangerous rock mass, internal dissolution cavities and random fissures. A 3D geological model of JDRM 3# was constructed by integrating these models. Based on the constructed model, the evolution process of the deformation of JDRM 3# under the influence of long-term water-level fluctuation was simulated. The simulation results showed that long-term water-level fluctuation can lead to a deterioration in the strength of the base of the rock mass, with deformation and failure of the dangerous rock mass initially occurring around the internal dissolution cavities. A change in the internal structure of the rock mass played a vital role in the failure process of JDRM 3#, which aggravated the eccentric compression state of the base of the rock mass. It will eventually lead to a collapse failure of JDRM 3#. When the compressive strength of the base of the rock mass decreased by approximately 70.3%, the factor of safety (FOS) for JDRM 3# was &lt;1. By combining different geological investigation methods to establish a 3D geological model and using it for numerical calculations, this study provides a novel method to assess the stability of high-steep bank slopes in reservoir areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation and channel adjustment trajectories in cold regions: The effects of ice disturbances in two Gaspesian rivers","authors":"Matthieu Prugne,&nbsp;Dov Corenblit,&nbsp;Maxime Boivin,&nbsp;Thomas Buffin-Bélanger","doi":"10.1002/esp.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70051","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fluvial biogeomorphology has proven to be efficient in understanding the evolution of rivers in terms of vegetation succession and channel adjustment.</p><p>The role of floods as the primary disturbance regime factor has been widely studied, and our knowledge of their effects on vegetation and channel adjustment has grown significantly in the last two decades. However, cold rivers experiencing ice dynamics (e.g., ice jams and mechanical breakups) as an additional disturbance regime have not yet been studied within a biogeomorphological scope. This study investigated the long-term effects of ice dynamics on channel adjustments and vegetation trajectories in two rivers with different geomorphological behaviours, one laterally confined (Matapédia River) and one mobile (Petite-Cascapédia River), in Quebec, Canada. Using dendrochronological analysis, historical data and aerial photographs from 1963 to 2016, this study reconstructed ice jam chronologies, characterized flood regimes and analysed vegetation and channel changes through a photointerpretation approach. The main findings of this study indicate that geomorphological impacts of mechanical ice breakups are not significant at the decadal and reach scales and that they might not be the primary factors of long-term geomorphological control. However, results have shown that vegetation was more sensitive to ice dynamics. Reaches presenting frequent ice jams depicted high regression rates and turnovers even during years with very low floods, suggesting that ice dynamics significantly increase shear stress on plant patches. This study also highlights the high resiliency of both rivers to ice jam disturbances, with vegetation communities and channel forms recovering within a decade. With the uncertainties following the reach/corridor and decadal scales, future research should focus on long-term monitoring and refined spatial scales to better understand the mechanisms behind the complex interactions among ice dynamics, vegetation and hydrogeomorphological processes in cold rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and numerical investigation of wave attenuation on vegetated seabeds","authors":"Diana De Padova,&nbsp;Mouldi Ben Meftah,&nbsp;Michele Mossa","doi":"10.1002/esp.70054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental issues have become increasingly important, with vegetation impacting ecosystems and the transport of nutrients and sediments. The present research aims to analyse, from a theoretical and numerical point of view, the attenuation of monochromatic waves by an array of rigid submerged cylindrical stems on a horizontal bottom. First, both the numerical and theoretical models were properly calibrated using data from the literature. Subsequently, the theoretical model's effectiveness was validated through numerical simulations performed with a 3D weakly compressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (WCSPH) model coupled with a sub-particle scale (SPS) approach for turbulent stresses, analysing different wave behaviours and various configurations of cylindrical arrays. The results confirmed the theoretical model's reliability in predicting wave height reduction and energy dissipation caused by submerged cylindrical obstacles on a horizontal bottom, demonstrating its practical applicability. Furthermore, utilizing the capabilities of 3D LES, SPH simulations have been used to inspect and detail the wave-induced vorticity behaviour around the stems. The results showed an antisymmetric vorticity around the stems driven by wave action. Additionally, the effects of the Keulegan–Carpenter (<i>KCr</i>) number, the submergence ratio (<i>α</i>) and the Ursell number (<i>Ur</i>) on the drag coefficient (<i>C</i>_<i>D</i>) were examined. Finally, wave-attenuation analysis was conducted to emphasize the importance of accounting for wave damping produced by stem spacing (<i>d</i>), submergence ratio and hydrodynamic parameters, (e.g., still water depth <i>h</i>, incident wave height <i>H</i> and wave period <i>T</i>). The results highlight that (i) for the same stem spacing, the wave height damping is more severe as the submergence ratios increases; (ii) for the same submergence ratio, the wave height damping is more severe as the stem spacing decreases; (iii) for the same submergence ratio, the wave height damping is more severe as the relative wave height (<i>H/h)</i> and wave steepness (<i>H/L)</i> increase.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70054","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking tidal-creek sediment fluxes to vertical sediment accretion in a restored salt marsh","authors":"Daniel J. Nowacki,&nbsp;Jessica R. Lacy,&nbsp;SeanPaul M. La Selle","doi":"10.1002/esp.70053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite growing interest and investment in salt-marsh restoration, relatively few marshes subjected to restoration efforts have been systematically monitored to assess physical restoration trajectory or success. In south San Francisco Bay, California, USA, where 83% of wetlands were lost via human manipulation, the largest wetland restoration effort on the US west coast is currently underway, restoring approximately 6000 ha of former salt-production ponds to mixed habitats. The Whale Tail–Cargill Mitigation salt-marsh complex in south San Francisco Bay has a century-long history of drainage, industrial use as salt-production ponds and subsequent restoration and recovery. Restoration of the 20 ha Cargill Mitigation Marsh was initiated in the late 1990s when the levee surrounding the subsided, former salt-production pond was breached in two locations, enabling conversion back to salt-marsh habitat in the subsequent decades. Here, we present time-series measurements of sediment fluxes in the primary tidal creek entering the salt-marsh complex, which are compared to decadal-scale sedimentation patterns determined from repeat elevation surveys and cores collected at the study site. All three methods show net sediment import to the restored marsh. The greatest equivalent sedimentation rates occurred early in the restoration, with generally decreasing rates through time. The long-term average, as determined from cores and expressed as a vertical sedimentation rate, is approximately 1.8 cm year⁻¹. Rates from the elevation data are between 1.4 and 2.6 cm year⁻¹, with higher rates earlier in the restoration. The most recent estimates, computed from time-series instrument deployments, indicate seasonal variability in sediment import. Annualized rates are lower in winter, approximately 0.1 cm year⁻¹, and higher in summer, approximately 1.7 cm year⁻¹. Although our measured long-term equivalent sedimentation rates are considerably greater than the current local relative sea-level rise (SLR) of 0.3 cm year⁻¹, an increase in SLR or decrease in available suspended sediment would threaten the ability of the marsh to keep pace with SLR and avoid drowning in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143778286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of antecedent soil moisture on the variability of soil erodibility in red soil","authors":"Yihang Wu,&nbsp;Zhiyuan Tian,&nbsp;Lili Qu,&nbsp;Rui Ma,&nbsp;Yan Zhao,&nbsp;Yin Liang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil erodibility, as an intrinsic soil property, reflects the susceptibility of soils to water erosion. Based on the sub-processes of soil erosion, soil erodibility can be divided into soil dispersibility and soil scourability, which are caused by rainfall and runoff, respectively. Both processes are strongly associated with soil moisture. However, few studies have investigated the effect of the antecedent soil moisture content on soil erodibility. In this study, a rainfall splash test was conducted under four different antecedent soil moisture conditions (dry, semi-dry, semi-wet and wet) and five rainfall intensities (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120 mm·h⁻¹) to investigate the impact of the antecedent soil moisture content on soil dispersibility, and a runoff scour test was conducted at four antecedent soil moisture contents and five flow discharges (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 L·min⁻¹) to examine how soil scourability responds to varying soil moisture levels. Pedotransfer functions were developed to predict soil dispersibility and soil scourability. The results revealed that (1) the soil dispersibility reached the lowest values at an antecedent soil moisture content of 14.46%–15.68% when rainfall intensities were 100 and 120 mm·h⁻¹. However, the soil dispersibility did not change significantly when the rainfall intensity was ≤80 mm·h⁻¹, regardless of the antecedent soil moisture content. (2) The soil scourability decreased and then increased with increasing antecedent soil moisture content under all flow discharges. The lowest values were observed at the antecedent soil moisture content of 24.54%–27.98%. (3) Soil dispersibility/scourability could be predicted by the antecedent soil moisture content and rainfall intensity/flow discharge using pedotransfer functions, with adjusted R² values ranging from 0.479 to 0.775, respectively. This study quantified the relationship between soil moisture and soil dispersibility/scourability, providing a theoretical basis for predicting soil erosion processes. Future studies could investigate the mechanism by which soil moisture influences soil erodibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the differential effects of salinity and sodicity on aeolian erosion dynamics and particulate emissions","authors":"Ganesh Khatei,&nbsp;Tobia Rinaldo,&nbsp;R. Scott Van Pelt,&nbsp;Paolo D'Odorico,&nbsp;Sujith Ravi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70040","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Wind erosion and dust emissions affect regions of the world with sparse vegetation cover or affected by agricultural practices that expose the soil surface to wind action. Although several studies have investigated the impact of soil moisture, land use and land cover on soil susceptibility to wind erosion and dust emissions, the effect of surface soil salinity and sodicity on dust emissions, remains poorly understood. Salt accumulation in agricultural soils is a major concern in agroecosystems with high evaporative demand, shallow water tables or irrigated with water rich in dissolved solids. Recent studies have focused on the effect of soil salinity on soil erodibility in dry atmospheric conditions, while the effect of soil salinity and sodicity in more humid conditions still needs to be investigated. Here we use wind tunnel tests to study the effect of high atmospheric humidity on wind erodibility and particulate matter emissions under saline and sodic conditions. We find that the threshold velocity for wind erosion significantly increases with increasing soil salinity and sodicity, provided that the soil crust formed by soil salts is not disturbed. Indeed, with increasing soil salinity, the formation of a soil crust of increasing strength is observed, leading to an increase in the threshold wind velocity and a consequent decrease in particulate emissions. Interestingly, after the threshold velocity was exceeded, soil crusts were readily ruptured by saltating sand grains resulting in comparable or sometimes even higher particulate matter emissions in saline and sodic soils compared to their untreated (‘control’) counterparts which can be explained by salinity-induced aggregation and sodicity-driven clay dispersion effects. Lastly, understanding the role of atmospheric humidity under changing climate scenarios will help to modulate the wind erosion processes in saline-sodic soils and will help mitigate better dust emissions and soil management policies in arid and semi-arid climate zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planform geometric classification of fluvial and tidal channels via machine learning","authors":"Kevin K. Gardner,&nbsp;Rebecca J. Dorsey","doi":"10.1002/esp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite forming under different flow conditions, the geometries of tidal and fluvial channel planforms and planform transformations display significant overlap, hindering efforts to differentiate them geometrically. Although studies have demonstrated that globally, tidal and fluvial planforms are statistically distinct based on meander metrics, there are currently no machine-learning methodologies for classifying channels as tidal or fluvial that do not focus on meander-specific geometries. In this study, we present a methodology for classifying channel planforms as tidal or fluvial using statistical representations of channel planforms and machine-learning algorithms. Using a dataset of 4294 tidal and fluvial channel segments (63 channel reaches), we trained three machine-learning classifiers (Logistic Regression, Multi-layer Perceptron, and Random Forest) across 69 trials to identify the machine-learning algorithm and variables that perform best at classifying channel reaches. We evaluated the performance of the classifiers at three thresholds based on the percent of channel segments correctly identified in a given reach (&gt;50%, &gt;66% and &gt;75%). At the &gt;50% classification threshold, all three classifiers attained a 95% reach-scale accuracy during individual trials. However, at higher classification thresholds, the RF classifier performed best. Feature importances from the RF classifier indicate that measures of the central tendency and minimum/maximum of the normalized radius of curvature convolved with normalized width of channel segments play a key role in differentiating between the planforms, with normalized width also contributing to the difference. This indicates that the relationship between width and radius of curvature is more important than width or measures of curvature on their own. This result likely reflects the downstream funnelling of tidal channels and the limitation on the sharpness of bends associated with increased width. These methods have potential for application in the study of channels preserved on relict geomorphic surfaces and in mixed-energy settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of western Oregon debris-flow hazards in burned and unburned environments","authors":"Brittany D. Selander,&nbsp;Nancy Calhoun,&nbsp;William J. Burns,&nbsp;Jason W. Kean,&nbsp;Francis K. Rengers","doi":"10.1002/esp.70045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70045","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the steep and mountainous environment of western Oregon, debris flows pose a considerable threat to property, infrastructure and life. Wildfire is commonly known to increase the susceptibility of steep slopes to debris flows, but the extent of this process in the western Cascades is not well understood. The US Geological Survey (USGS) currently estimates postfire debris-flow likelihood and triggering rainfall thresholds using a model calibrated to a southern California inventory of debris flows generated by excess runoff within the first year after fire. Because of a lack of available data, this model has not been tested in western Oregon, or in locations where postfire debris flows initiate via other mechanisms (e.g., shallow landslides or in-channel failures). Using repeat field observations and aerial imagery, we developed two new debris-flow inventories within and adjacent to the perimeters of five 2020 wildfires in western Oregon: Archie Creek, Holiday Farm, Beachie Creek, Lionshead and Riverside. The first inventory focuses on postfire debris flows (2020–2022); the second focuses on debris flows prior to fires (1995–2020). Our inventories of prefire and postfire debris flows were used to document initiation mechanisms in Oregon's western Cascades and to evaluate the effects of wildfire. We found that wildfire changed the distribution of debris-flow initiation mechanisms in the western Cascades. After the wildfires, annual rates of runoff-generated debris flows increased by 22% and the number of shallow landslide-initiated debris flows decreased by 17% relative to before the wildfires. Despite this shift, shallow landsliding was the dominant debris-flow initiation mechanism in both unburned and burned environments. We found the performance of the current USGS debris-flow likelihood model was degraded relative to other previously tested locations across the intermountain western United States. Our results highlight the need for improved postfire hazard assessment in western Oregon based on regional model calibration that is tuned to the dominant debris-flow initiation mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in sediment discharge over the 20th century from a mountain catchment that has experienced severe anthropogenic disturbances","authors":"Yuko Asano,&nbsp;Yusuke Mizuuchi,&nbsp;Koju Kishimoto,&nbsp;Nobuaki Tanaka,&nbsp;Kristin Bunte","doi":"10.1002/esp.6071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.6071","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mountainous areas are a source of sediment supply to downstream plains and coasts; thus, it is essential to understand the changes in sediment discharge that follow land cover change. In Japan, many mountain areas near populated lands that were degraded by overutilization before the beginning of the 20th century are now forested. However, little is known about how the sediment dynamics have changed during this period. The Shirasaka Experimental Watershed (88.5 ha) of the Ecohydrology Research Institute of the University of Tokyo was established in an area with bare hillslopes on granite bedrock, and sediment discharge has been monitored there since 1929. This study describes the details of the amazing long-term sediment monitoring program and demonstrates changes in sediment discharge. The catchment has a gauging weir where deposited sediment has been regularly removed to maintain water discharge measurements. This record of dredging and/or deposited volumes provides the sediment discharge data. Erosion control work started in the 1910s. Bare land covered 8.6% of the watershed area in 1930 but decreased to less than a few percent in the 1980s. In the 1930s, sediment yield was about 1,000 m³/km²/y, gradually declined over time, and became close to 100 m³/km²/y in the 1990s. Annual sediment yield was, for the most part, larger than the sediment production predicted for surface erosion at hillslopes between 1930s and 1990s. It took more than 60 years for the catchment's sediment yield to become close to the amount of sediment production at the hillslope of that time. The time lag between forest recovery and the decline in the catchment's sediment discharge demonstrates the lasting effect of anthropogenic disturbance and is attributable to channel storage. The long-term data also demonstrated that the effects of record-breaking rainfall events are smaller than those of past anthropogenic disturbances on catchment scale sediment dynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.6071","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}