Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Different styles of subglacial soft bed hydrology: Examples from Breiðamerkurjökull and Fjallsjökull, Iceland","authors":"Jane K. Hart,&nbsp;Kirk Martinez,&nbsp;Nathaniel Baurley,&nbsp;Benjamin A. Robson,&nbsp;Amelia Andrews","doi":"10.1002/esp.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glacier behaviour and its response to climate change is partially controlled by the flow of water at the base of the glacier. The subglacial hydrology associated with soft -bedded glaciers is particularly poorly understood, even though numerous modern and palaeo-glaciers flow over unconsolidated sediments. We have investigated glacier dynamics at two adjacent soft-bedded Icelandic glaciers via a study of surface velocity. This included short-term changes in surface velocity using a custom-built low-cost GNSS system, as well as with Sentinel-1 velocity data. In addition, we have used PlanetScope scenes to investigate the occurrence of sediment plumes in a glacial lagoon as a proxy for meltwater discharge and modelled the hydrology associated with the lake. Our results show that at Fjallsjökull and Breiðamerkurjökull West, there is a pattern of winter speed-up events associated with warmer days (termed winter events) and similar events in spring. At Breiðamerkurjökull East and Central, there are fewer winter speed-up events and a distinct spring event. We suggest there are at least two different styles of soft-bedded glacier behaviour related to subglacial meltwater storage. At Fjallsjökull and Breiðamerkurjökull West, we propose there is a multichannel distributed subglacial hydrological system, whereby during summer, excess meltwater is stored within the subglacial hydrological system and the till, which is partly released throughout the year resulting in speed-up events. In contrast, at Breiðamerkurjökull East and Central, it is proposed there is a summer channelized drainage, caused by a combination of the presence of the deep proglacial lagoon and high meltwater flux and subglacial transmissivity. As a consequence of this, subglacial meltwater storage is limited, resulting in fewer winter speed-up events and a distinct spring event. Thus, we suggest that these different subglacial hydrological systems associated with soft-bedded glaciers can be distinguished via distinct variations in their seasonal velocity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143380268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global open-access DEM vertical elevation and along track neighbouring structure evaluations in the Tibetan Plateau using ICESat-2 ATL03 points","authors":"Jun Chen,&nbsp;Liyang Xiong,&nbsp;Sijin Li,&nbsp;Guoan Tang","doi":"10.1002/esp.6062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.6062","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Global digital elevation models (GDEMs) are critical in the measurement and analysis of Earth's surface, and should be evaluated prior to use. However, existing GDEM evaluations mainly use global statistical metrics to evaluate vertical elevation (VE) differences with reference data, ignoring the relationship between a centre pixel and its neighbouring pixels, which is defined as the GDEM's neighbouring structure (NS). Along track ATL03 points allow evaluation of the along track NS (ATNS). This study comprehensively accesses the VE and ATNS accuracy of 1 arc-second GDEMs, including Copernicus, NASA, AW3D30 and ASTER DEM, using for the first time ICESat-2 ATL03 along track points throughout the Tibetan Plateau, where the rugged terrains and various features make it difficult to maintain its NS's accuracy. This study first introduces continuous and discrete ATNS metrics, then evaluates their effectiveness by analysing their relationships with errors in GDEM terrain derivatives. Finally, the better-performing metric is used for evaluations across various terrain parameters, landforms and land covers. The proposed framework achieved DEM evaluations from pixel-by-pixel statistical analysis of elevation differences to local ATNS assessment. Evaluation results demonstrate that the ATNS errors of the GDEMs are linearly correlated with the RMSE of the vertical errors. Overall, the errors of the VE RMSE and ATNS are ranked as Copernicus&lt; AW3D30 &lt; NASA&lt; ASTER. However, evaluations conducted in the Andes and Alps reveal regional variations in these rankings. This study endeavours to introduce a new framework for large-scale GDEM evaluations, and the conclusions are beneficial for GDEM selection in further applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of unsteady characteristics of sediment-laden overland flow on soil detachment rate","authors":"Yuxin Wang,&nbsp;Kuandi Zhang,&nbsp;Pengfei Wang,&nbsp;Jingxin Yan,&nbsp;Yang Yang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Currently, experimental research is lacking on unsteady flow in the study of factors affecting the detachment capacity (<i>Dr</i>) of overland flow, which is critical for understanding soil erosion. This study analysed the response mechanism of <i>Dr</i> to the hydrodynamic characteristics of roll waves relative to a non-unstable sediment-laden overland flow (according to a gradually varied flow) using an indoor fixed bed test under five slope gradients, five flow rates and five sediment concentrations. Owing to the instability of the roll wave and its effect on the soil detachment-transport process, the <i>Dr</i> of the roll wave flow was larger than that of the gradually varied flow as a whole. <i>Dr</i> decreases with an increase in sediment content, but the downward trend is different with or without a roll wave; the <i>Dr</i> is more sensitive to changes in the slope when a roll wave exists. When no roll wave exists, the flow has a greater influence on the <i>Dr</i>. Sediment load improves the influence of flow on <i>Dr</i> under different flow conditions; under different experimental conditions, the flow velocity and water depth are positively correlated with the <i>Dr</i>. The specific energy can better fit <i>Dr</i> with roll waves, and the stream power can better predict the <i>Dr</i> under the two water flow conditions; by introducing the relative parameters, it was found that the detachment effect of the roll wave will decrease with the increase of the influence of the wave-current; the soil detachment prediction model of stream power and sediment concentration was constructed by introducing fluctuation influence parameters <i>δ</i> (represented by relative wave height), which has high reliability (<i>R</i>^<i>2</i> &gt; 0.8, <i>N</i>_<i>SE</i> &gt; 0.7). The results showed that the effects of the altered flow state and sediment load significantly affected the hydrodynamic characteristics of the overland flow and the soil detachment rate.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geomorphological evidence of the Malta-Sicily land-bridge during the Last Glacial Maximum inferred from seismic profiles","authors":"Sofia Rossi,&nbsp;Mariacristina Prampolini,&nbsp;Charles Galea,&nbsp;Giacomo Dalla Valle,&nbsp;Albert Caruana,&nbsp;Mauro Soldati","doi":"10.1002/esp.6061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.6061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) witnessed substantial sea-level fluctuations profoundly impacting the geomorphological evolution of the Maltese Islands, located in the SW part of the Malta Plateau (central Mediterranean Sea). It is known that during that period, a land-bridge connected the Maltese Islands to Sicily. However, discerning detailed geomorphological evidence of past sea-level changes in offshore regions proves difficult due to the limited availability of high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data, subsurface seismic profiles and potential tectonic influences. By addressing these challenges, this study sets out to meticulously reconstruct the coastline of the Malta Plateau and to delineate the extent of the land-bridge connecting Malta to Sicily during the LGM. The study was conducted by exploiting 2D multichannel seismic profiles acquired during oil exploration seismic surveys carried out offshore Malta and EMODnet bathymetry data. This analysis enabled the recognition of the coastline of the western side of the land-bridge connecting Malta and Sicily during the LGM, at a depth ranging from 119 to 131 m b.s.l. Uncertainties about the location of the eastern coastline remain due to the quality and extent of the seismic profiles and to the more intense morphodynamics of the Malta Plateau. A coastal lagoon system, bounded offshore by a barrier corresponding to a structural high, was recognized. During transgressional phases, the emerged LGM landscape was progressively submerged and locally sealed by a thin layer of sediments, which still preserves the most significant geomorphological features. With reference to the stratigraphic sequence, two facies were distinguished, the lower one interpreted as the pre-Plio-Quaternary (pre-PQ) sequence outcropping in Malta, and the upper one consisting of Plio-Quaternary (PQ) deposits onlapping on the former one. These results provide valuable insights into the palaeoenvironmental history of the region, contributing to a broader understanding of sea-level dynamics and geological evolution in the tectonically complex Mediterranean area.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.6061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143248521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting evolutionary stages of karst depressions in Central Brazil with deep learning and Planet NICFI time series","authors":"Osmar Luiz Ferreira de Carvalho,&nbsp;Osmar Abílio de Carvalho Júnior,&nbsp;Anesmar Olino de Albuquerque,&nbsp;Maria Clara Correia Nogueira Mota,&nbsp;Éder de Souza Martins,&nbsp;Daniel Guerreiro e Silva","doi":"10.1002/esp.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Karst depressions represent significant geomorphological features crucial in environmental monitoring and conservation. This research aims to detect and classify karst depressions according to their evolutionary stages in the Bambuí Group, located between the Cerrado and Caatinga biomes in Central Brazil, using Planet time series provided by Norway's International Climate and Forest Initiative (NICFI) Satellite Data Program and deep learning-based semantic segmentation models. A new deep learning training dataset was developed containing manually labelled reference data and a time series of monthly images from Planet NICFI data over a year. The research classified three evolutionary stages of karst depressions: (1) temporary lakes, (2) depressions with concentric halos and subsidence and (3) vegetated depressions. These stages represent distinct geomorphological processes, from initial water accumulation to more advanced stages involving subsidence and vegetation development in the depression areas. The study compared six state-of-the-art semantic segmentation architectures (U-Net, U-Net++, DeepLabV3+, LinkNet, FPN and PSPNet), each combined with three backbones (EfficientNet-B7, ResNet-101 and ResNeXt-101), resulting in 18 model configurations. The best performing model (U-Net with EfficientNet-B7) achieved a mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of 80 and IoU scores of 97.9 for the background, 80.93 for first stage, 79.89 for second stage and 63.35 for third stage, highlighting the challenges of detecting more advanced stages due to increasing vegetation cover and geomorphological complexity. The sliding window approach was employed to classify the entire image mosaic, testing various stride values (8, 16, 32, 64, 128 and 256), with smaller strides improving segmentation accuracy at the cost of higher computational demands. The results demonstrate the importance of integrating spectro-spatio-temporal data to detect multiple evolutionary stages and improve the robustness of semantic segmentation. This research provides a comprehensive dataset and benchmark for future studies on karst depressions, contributing to understanding geomorphological evolution and conservation planning in Central Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Equilibrium of morphological units in anabranching rivers","authors":"Niccolò Ragno,&nbsp;Marco Tubino","doi":"10.1002/esp.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Anabranching rivers are characterized by multiple sequences of interacting channels. These patterns consist of morphological units in the form of closed loops, with an upstream bifurcation controlling the partition of water and sediment fluxes, and a downstream confluence where the two anabranches reconnect. Bifurcation-confluence loops can also be encountered in single-thread rivers showing a transitional planform between meandering and anabranching, often associated with width oscillations and chute cutoffs. Individual channel loops display an average length that is proportional to the reach-averaged bankfull depth of alluvial rivers. The existence of a characteristic length scale reflects a hydro-morphodynamic interaction taking place between the constitutive elements of these morphological features, bifurcations and confluences. However, it is not clear why channel loops should organize themselves to attain a certain spatial scale, and how their planform shape is related to the morphodynamical processes governing the distribution of water and sediment between the anabranches. In this work we tackle these issues through a comparative analysis of theoretical findings and remotely sensed data from natural gravel-bed and sand-bed rivers. Two missing ingredients are included with respect to previous analyses: the case where one of the anabranches stops transporting sediment, and the case of loops with unequal lengths of the bifurcates. The theoretical model suggests that four distinct types of long-term equilibrium states can be identified, depending on the reach-averaged bankfull properties and on the planform shape of the loop. The comparison between model results and field data reveals that most of the observed river loops place themselves consistently in the region of the parameter space where theory predicts that both branches keep open in the long term.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143110701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of wildfires and forest harvesting on geohazards and channel instability during the November 2021 atmospheric river in southwestern British Columbia, Canada","authors":"Carie-Ann Hancock,&nbsp;Kyle Wlodarczyk","doi":"10.1002/esp.6065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.6065","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sediment mobilized to rivers during extreme flood events can influence channel stability and cause significant morphological changes. A prolonged and intense atmospheric river (AR) struck southwestern British Columbia, Canada in November 2021, leading to extreme flooding and landsliding over approximately 70 000 km² of mountainous areas. Entire communities within the region were evacuated, and the transportation infrastructure connecting them was severely damaged. The locations of 1300+ geohazards (e.g., debris flows, debris flood, debris slides, shallow landslides and bank erosion) were mapped from helicopter, ground observations, orthoimagery, site photos and social media posts alongside rivers and large gravel-bed streams that experienced lateral instability. Morphological changes in two of these gravel-bed rivers were examined in more detail by comparing pre-event and post-event lidar data using three-dimensional point-based normal differencing. We found that geohazards occurred more frequently in burned areas and along forest harvesting resource roads, providing point sources of sediment that entered mainstem rivers. The geohazard mapping and lidar change detection revealed that bank erosion and lateral instability often occurred downstream of these mapped sediment sources. As the frequency of wildfires and extreme meteorological events is predicted to increase with continued climate change, future risk assessments in communities should consider sediment sources that can be mobilized by these events and the resulting downstream morphological impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erosion rates for forest roads in the Gorce and Western Tatra Mountains in southern Poland","authors":"Joanna Fidelus-Orzechowska,&nbsp;Piotr Wałdykowski,&nbsp;Anna Chrobak-Žuffová,&nbsp;Kazimierz Krzemień,&nbsp;Agnieszka Sosnowska","doi":"10.1002/esp.70001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The activity of natural processes in mountain areas is particularly high in zones without permanent vegetation cover. The main aim of the research was to determine the rate of erosion on selected sections of forest roads in the Tatra Mountains and the Gorce Mountains. The research consisted of geomorphological mapping and cyclic comparative measurements within 23 cross-sections, as well as a comparison of the average annual erosion value obtained based on the WEPP:Road model. The research has shown that the average rate of road erosion in the Tatra Mountains ranged from −4.3 to −1.4 cm year⁻¹. In the Gorce Mountains, the value range was −1.7 to −0.7 cm year⁻¹. The annual erosion for the analysed roads projected by the WEPP:Road model was 29 and 47.4 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹ for roadbeds located in the Western Tatra Mountains while for the Gorce Mountains amounted to 11.4 and 110.5 Mg ha⁻¹ year⁻¹. The projected erosion values increased by an average of 55% when including the width of the road cut slopes. The research has shown that there is a significant difference between the studied forest roads in the Gorce and the Tatra Mountains and that the intensity of road use has the greatest impact on the amount of erosion.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A 300 kyr record of past hydroclimate change from alluvial fans in the southern Central Andes","authors":"Mitch K. D'Arcy,&nbsp;Taylor F. Schildgen,&nbsp;Stéphane Bonnet,&nbsp;Walter Duesing,&nbsp;Stefanie Tofelde,&nbsp;Duna C. Roda-Boluda,&nbsp;Hella Wittmann,&nbsp;Jürgen Mey,&nbsp;Andrew S. Murray,&nbsp;Ricardo N. Alonso,&nbsp;Manfred R. Strecker","doi":"10.1002/esp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alluvial fans are hypothesised to record signals of past hydroclimate changes in their depositional chronologies and slopes. However, direct tests of this hypothesis have been limited due to challenges in precisely dating the responses of alluvial fans to past climate forcing. Here, we present a new chronology of alluvial-fan deposition at the Sierra de Aconquija in the southern Central Andes (27°S) spanning ~300 kyr and based on 35 cosmogenic ¹⁰Be-derived exposure ages and eight infrared-stimulated (IRSL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages. The ages reveal that fan deposition was phased with past climate changes. Orbitally-forced weakening and strengthening of the South American Summer Monsoon coincided with fan aggradation during dry episodes and incision during wetter episodes, consistent with predictions from alluvial-channel models. These results are in precise agreement with independent palaeoclimate constraints spanning timescales of 10³ to 10⁵ years. Fan aggradation-incision cycles record a predominant influence of precession-induced variations in precipitation, although climate shifts as rapid as 1 kyr also triggered incision, and fan architecture appears to be further modulated by orbital eccentricity cycles. Incision events on the fans coincide with the ages of moraines in the headwater catchments, including those formed during the Younger Dryas and Last Glacial Maximum. Furthermore, the fan chronology indicates dry conditions in the southern Central Andes during Heinrich Stadial 1, suggesting that enhanced precipitation during this episode was limited to more northerly latitudes. Our results demonstrate that climate change exerts a primary control on simple, source-to-sink sedimentary systems and show that alluvial fans can, in some cases, be utilised as terrestrial palaeoclimate archives with which the spatio-temporal variability of past climate changes can be constrained.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143120297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time-series ground surface deformation revealed by advanced land observing satellite-2 and Sentinel-1 along the Bei'an-Hei'he highway in Northeast China","authors":"Aoxiang Yan,&nbsp;Ying Guo,&nbsp;Wei Shan,&nbsp;Xujing Zeng,&nbsp;Lisha Qiu,&nbsp;Chengcheng Zhang,&nbsp;Shuai Liu,&nbsp;Monan Shan,&nbsp;Qingzhao Ji","doi":"10.1002/esp.6063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.6063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Climate warming, human activities and the subsequent warming and thawing of permafrost have led to ground surface instability, threatening infrastructures and indigenous northern communities. The northern Da and Xiao Xing'anling mountain ranges, home to the largest latitudinal permafrost region in China, highlight the importance of monitoring the thermal state of permafrost for understanding climate change and regional economic development. This study utilized 11 scenes of the Advanced Land Observing Satellite-2 (ALOS-2) data and 54 scenes of Sentinel-1 data from March 2018 to December 2019 to evaluate the ground surface deformation of the Bei'an-Hei'he Highway (BHH) in Northeast China. ALOS-2 results showed deformation rates ranging from −30 to +35 mm/year, while Sentinel-1, from −30 to +30 mm/year (negative values indicate subsidence and positive, frost heaving). The subsidence zone (deformation rate exceeding −15 mm/year) was found in areas with significant variations in permafrost temperature (greater than ±0.8°C), and deformation rates correlated positively to daily precipitation and air temperature. Thaw settlement was predominantly observed in areas at low elevations (140 to 425 m) and on gentle slope angles (2–6°), affecting both south- and north-facing slopes. A comparison of data sources revealed that ALOS-2 data were more sensitive to areas with high normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) values, while Sentinel-1 provided more detailed deformation data in regions with low NDVI. This study contributes valuable data and ongoing assessments for road surface stability in permafrost regions of Northeast China.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}