Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Analyses of Glacial Sediments From Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica Using a Standardised Computational Approach: Grain Size Analysis Tool (GSAT)","authors":"Akash Kumar Pandey,&nbsp;Mayuri Pandey,&nbsp;Rashmi Saini,&nbsp;Rashmi Gupta,&nbsp;Nirmita Chaudhari","doi":"10.1002/esp.70413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70413","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Statistical parameters derived from grain size data offer insights into grain size distribution (GSD), facilitating the interpretation of depositional environments and sediment transportation history. GSD of glacial sediments is complex, often exhibiting bimodal, trimodal and polymodal distributions, complicating the calculation of statistical parameters. Despite employing established methodologies and computer programs, we observed significant variations in these values. A new approach integrating traditional techniques with modern calculation is necessary to yield more accurate and suitable values for these parameters in high-energy complex glacial depositional systems. Four programs encompassing six methodologies (Gradistat moments, Gradistat Folk and Ward, QGrain moments, QGrain Folk and Ward, classical manual calculation and GSAT) were used to analyse the same study of grain size data from 17 glacial samples. The variance in the results ranged from 0.01 to 1.95, and in some instances, reached up to 4.93 and 49.34 for the skewness and kurtosis values, respectively. This variability highlights the gaps in our understanding of glacial GSD and complicates the interpretation of the roles of various agents in sediment transport. The considerable variation in all parameters is also evident, along with underestimated values for Folk and Ward calculations in Gradistat and QGrain, which remain less sensitive to the extreme values of grain size data. This indicates the need for a different approach to calculate these parameters which combines traditional methods with recent models to calculate and interpret the GSD of sediments. Herein, we present the Grain Size Analysis Tool (GSAT) to calculate the statistical parameters with high precision.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Natural Range of Variability of Floodplain Spatial Heterogeneity","authors":"Emily Iskin,&nbsp;Ellen Wohl","doi":"10.1002/esp.70410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70410","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We use remotely sensed data to quantify the spatial heterogeneity of floodplains along 33 rivers in the United States based on the distribution of floodplain patches. Each patch represents a relatively homogeneous, contiguous area of floodplain that is distinct from adjacent patches based on vegetation and soil salinity characteristics at a resolution of 10 m. We focused on natural floodplains with minimal human alteration of the river corridor with the primary objective of quantifying the range of natural floodplain spatial heterogeneity for rivers with diverse characteristics. Secondary objectives include examining the relative importance of potential influences on spatial heterogeneity, testing for consistent spatial heterogeneity patterns within categories of channel planform and flow regime and investigating the behaviour of the heterogeneity metrics when the number of unsupervised clusters varies. We calculated four landscape-level metrics of spatial heterogeneity that measure aggregation, interspersion and juxtaposition, diversity and complexity of patches. We find that floodplains along channels with snowmelt-dominated flow regimes have a significantly higher aggregation than those dominated by rainfall flow regimes and floodplains of braided rivers have significantly less diversity. Latitude, drainage area, elevation, sinuosity, flow regime category, planform category and the ratio of floodplain to channel width emerge as important predictor variables of floodplain heterogeneity. These variables reflect the flashiness of stream flows, the inferred relative lateral mobility of channels and the space available for lateral channel movement and the creation of floodplain patches. Floodplain spatial heterogeneity, which is important for peak flow attenuation, groundwater recharge and habitat and biodiversity, relies on continued flow variability and associated channel mobility, as well as floodplain accommodation space.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment Characteristics and Architecture of Triangular-Shaped Murtoos: A Test of Murtoo Formation Hypotheses","authors":"A. E. K. Ojala,&nbsp;S. Soini,&nbsp;J. Mäkinen,&nbsp;J. Hovikoski,&nbsp;P. Sarala,&nbsp;A. Hepburn,&nbsp;K. Kajuutti,&nbsp;E. Ahokangas,&nbsp;J. Kautto","doi":"10.1002/esp.70409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70409","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Murtoos and murtooized terrains are new types of subglacial landforms found in the Fennoscandian Ice Sheet (FIS) and Cordilleran Ice Sheet (CIS) regions. LiDAR-based morphometric analyses have revealed substantial morphometric diversity among murtoos and murtoo-related landforms, while sedimentological excavations have documented a wide range of architectural elements and lithological characteristics. Most importantly, murtoos are predominately composed of silt/clay-poor, sandy and gravelly diamictons interbedded with sorted patches of sandy and gravelly sediments. There are two prevailing hypotheses, both suggesting that murtoo formation is related to subglacial flooding episodes during deglaciation. In the FIS region, murtoo genesis has been suggested to be dominated by sediment-concentrated flows and flooding-induced sediment transport and liquefaction, and murtoos are considered as depositional landforms. In the CIS region, murtooized terrains are suggested to be formed by subglacial compressional deformation (glaciotectonism), as a consequence of glacial dynamic reorganization and ice flow. In the present study, we analyse and compare the sediment composition and architecture of two morphometrically similar triangular-shaped murtoos in the FIS region in Finland, located in two different settings. The results demonstrate that murtoo internal structures vary considerably, and these variations cannot be inferred from morphometric characteristics alone. Murtoos may contain different sediment types depending on their depositional environment. They may include a high proportion of sandy to gravelly glaciofluvial sediments with upper-flow regime (UFR) and lower-flow regime (LFR) bedforms within their main interior, or they may consist predominately of crudely stratified sandy to gravelly diamicton deposited by subglacial slurries and forming the main sediment type of the murtoo body. The results also indicate that murtoo composition and sediment architecture are dependent on the magnitude of subglacial flooding, which largely relates to their spatial association with subglacial meltwater corridors (SMC). Neither one of the presently studied murtoos exhibits significant features of glaciotectonism, reported from the CIS region. Consequently, murtoos and murtooized terrains may represent equifinal subglacial landforms, and their interpretation requires a combination of regional geomorphological mapping and sedimentological analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How does lithology influence fluvial erodibility? A study of knickpoint retreat in small bedrock rivers on the Isle of Jura","authors":"Adam G. G. Smith,&nbsp;Matthew Fox,&nbsp;Oreoluwa Akinwale,&nbsp;Elias J. Rugen","doi":"10.1002/esp.70387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70387","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Bedrock rivers are a key driver of landscape evolution across large parts of Earth's continents. Though empirical, theoretical and numerical modelling efforts predict that bedrock erosion should be influenced by lithology, and more specifically, rock strength, relating rock strength to fluvial erodibility (<i>K</i>) in the field, has proven challenging. One recent suggestion as to why this may be the case is that fluvial erodibility is not controlled solely by bedrock strength, but instead the contrast in strength between the underlying bedrock and the strength of the impacting sediment carried by the river (bed load). The goal of this study is to examine how best rock strength measurements can be incorporated into estimates of fluvial erodibility. We do this by studying knickpoint migration, which is related to fluvial erodibility, on the Isle of Jura, SW Scotland. The Isle of Jura is an ideal field site as it hosts a suite of coeval knickpoints, associated with base level fall following glacio-isostatic adjustment, that have migrated over two separate rock types of differing strengths. We quantify rock strength on the island using the Schmidt hammer. We then predict knickpoint response times based on different models of fluvial erodibility informed by our rock strength data. The best fitting model of fluvial erodibility accounts for the contrast between bedrock and bed load strength. Interestingly, the model that simply assigns a different fluvial erodibility value for each lithological unit performs worse than a model that does not account for lithology. This finding challenges present practices for incorporating lithology in landscape evolution models.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q-GlaRe+: An Open-Source Framework for Palaeoglacier Reconstruction and Equilibrium-Line Altitude Calculation","authors":"Brian S. Burnham,&nbsp;Matteo Spagnolo,&nbsp;Ramon Pellitero,&nbsp;Yingkui Li,&nbsp;Iestyn Barr,&nbsp;Brice R. Rea,&nbsp;Alexios Kaselouris","doi":"10.1002/esp.70406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70406","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Palaeoglacier reconstructions based on geomorphological evidence and present-day topography are essential for deriving equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) estimates and making robust palaeoclimatic approximations. Current tools to generate 3D glacier reconstructions and calculate ELAs are dependent on proprietary GIS software platforms and associated licences, limiting accessibility. This study presents Q-GlaRe+, an open-source QGIS plugin that implements established flowline-based algorithms and removes proprietary software barriers whilst maintaining scientific accuracy. The toolset incorporates automated workflow logging that ensures reproducibility of glacier reconstructions. Validation against five Swiss Alpine glaciers with known glacier bed topography demonstrates ice thickness estimates consistent with published modelling benchmarks. ELA estimates closely match existing implementations, confirming comparable performance. By eliminating proprietary software dependencies whilst maintaining scientific accuracy, Q-GlaRe+ supports a broader community use of glacier reconstruction tools and facilitates open data sharing and reproducible research practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70406","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Terrain-Based Automated Detection of FAST-Type Karst Depressions Using Multi-Scale Template Matching and Multi-Metric Similarity from DEM Data","authors":"Xianwu Yang,&nbsp;Tingjie Wen,&nbsp;Jingke Lv,&nbsp;Ningyi Li,&nbsp;Tiantian Wen","doi":"10.1002/esp.70405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70405","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The completion of the Five-hundred-metre Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) has demonstrated the advantages of utilizing large natural depressions for astronomical facility siting in karst regions. However, efficiently and automatically identifying terrain-morphological candidates for FAST-type installations remains challenging in geomorphological and geospatial analyses, especially in highly fragmented and scale-variable karst terrains. In this study, we develop an AI-oriented, knowledge-guided DEM-based framework that integrates multi-scale spherical-cap template matching with multidimensional computer-vision similarity assessment. Spherical-cap DEM templates at multiple scales are matched to real terrain using a sliding-window scheme and similarity is quantified using Pearson correlation, structural similarity index measure (SSIM) and mutual information (MI). Depth thresholds, area–depth ratios and local-minima conditions, combined with spatial clustering, are applied to extract representative depressions. When applied to a typical karst region in Southwest China, the method identified 245 depressions with composite matching scores above 0.70, which cluster at mid-elevations (800–1500 m) and show strong spatial associations with regional fault zones. High-scoring depressions generally exhibit high circularity, low edge-relief variability and geometrically regular outlines, indicating favourable terrain-morphological conditions for preliminary FAST-type candidate screening. Further analyses suggest potential linkages among depression size, morphometric attributes, lithological assemblages, structural setting and hydrogeomorphic evolution. Overall, this study provides an efficient, interpretable and transferable DEM-based workflow for terrain-based preliminary screening of FAST-type karst depressions. The identified depressions should be regarded as geomorphological candidates rather than final engineering sites, because practical FAST-type site selection also requires further evaluation of geological stability, transportation accessibility, meteorological conditions, hydrological safety, electromagnetic environment and construction feasibility.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental Study on the Effect of Particle Shape on Rotational and Translational Speeds in Aeolian Sand Transport","authors":"Liqiang Kang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70408","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The particle shape is an important factor affecting the rotational and translational speeds of sand particles, but the relationship between particle shape and speed is still unclear. The high-resolution and high-speed camera technology (31.6 μm/pixel and 10 000 frames/s) is applied in a wind tunnel to study the characteristics of rotational and translational motion of particles with different shapes. The results show that with increasing circularity, the mean rotational speed decreases for smaller particles less than 0.4 mm in diameter and increases for larger particles more than 0.4 mm in diameter, whereas the mean translational speed usually increases for all particles, clockwise and counterclockwise rotational particles. At the same circularity, the mean rotational speed and proportion of clockwise rotation are higher than those of counterclockwise rotation, whereas the mean translational speed of clockwise rotation is usually less than that of counterclockwise rotation. With increasing circularity, the mean rotational speed of particles increases below 10 mm height, but the mean translational speed of particles decreases. The probability density distribution of rotational speed of particles with different circularities is described as a Lorentz distribution, whereas the probability density distribution of translational speed is represented as a lognormal distribution. The mean rotational speed of particles has generally a positive correlation with the mean translational speed. Therefore, particle shape (or circularity) should be considered as an important factor affecting particle motion in the study of particle trajectories and speeds during saltation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stage-Dependent Shifts in Controls on Annual Erosion-Deposition Change Under Long-Term Sediment-Supply Decline in the Minjiang Estuary, Southeastern China","authors":"Xiaohe Lai,&nbsp;Boming Zhou,&nbsp;Jun Jiang,&nbsp;Yan Liu,&nbsp;Yan Su,&nbsp;Chuan Lin,&nbsp;Xiudong Xie,&nbsp;Feng Cai,&nbsp;Aijun Wang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70404","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Under the combined influence of climate change and human activities, erosion–deposition patterns in many estuaries worldwide are undergoing substantial changes. However, under multifactor coupling, the drivers of estuarine erosion–deposition remain difficult to quantify; the dominant controls are not easily identified, and the underlying mechanisms are still insufficiently understood. Taking the Minjiang Estuary in southeastern China as an example, this study reconstructed subaqueous topographic surfaces from multiyear nautical charts, derived annualized DEM-differencing erosion–deposition rates for 1992–1998, 1998–2007 and 2007–2019, and developed a stage-specific interpretable machine-learning framework to quantify the relative explanatory strength of different factors and examine their nonlinear driving mechanisms. The results show a clear stage-specific reorganization of erosion–deposition controls in the Minjiang Estuary. Water depth remained highly important across all three stages, with normalized importance values of 24.0%, 26.1% and 20.5%, respectively, indicating a persistent constraint of subaqueous morphology on channel–shoal erosion–deposition patterns. Mean suspended sediment concentration was the dominant predictor during 1992–1998, with an importance of 32.9%, but declined markedly during 1998–2007 and 2007–2019, with importance values of 6.8% and 3.6%, respectively. This suggests that sediment availability shifted from a direct local explanatory signal to a broader system-level background constraint. During 1998–2007, the importance of the engineering-related obstruction metric increased from 9.6% to 20.7%, indicating an enhanced role of engineering structures in regulating the redistribution of limited sediment. The extended model for 2007–2019 further shows that mud content (11.4%), tidal current speed (10.1%) and significant wave height (10.1%) became important and exhibited nonlinear and condition-dependent responses. Overall, after the construction of the Shuikou Dam in 1993, the Minjiang Estuary progressively shifted towards a sediment-limited system, in which water-depth morphology, human engineering activities, bed-material conditions and tidal–wave energy jointly regulated erosion–deposition evolution. This study provides a transferable interpretable machine-learning framework for diagnosing the time-varying geomorphic controls of estuaries affected by the combined impacts of climate change and human activities.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional Models for Postfire Debris-Flow Likelihood and Rainfall Thresholds Across the Western United States","authors":"Andrew P. Graber,&nbsp;Brittany D. Selander,&nbsp;Katherine R. Barnhart,&nbsp;Alexander N. Gorr,&nbsp;Jason W. Kean,&nbsp;Jonathan M. King,&nbsp;Jaime Kostelnik,&nbsp;Francis K. Rengers,&nbsp;Matthew A. Thomas","doi":"10.1002/esp.70393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70393","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) uses an empirical model developed with logistic regression (the ‘M1’ model) to rapidly assess debris-flow likelihood and to identify quantitative rainfall thresholds for debris flows after wildfire in the western United States. The M1 model was calibrated to a debris-flow inventory from southern California (United States) and has been applied throughout the western United States. Limited spatial coverage in the calibration dataset has motivated evaluation of M1 model accuracy outside the calibration region (e.g., the Sierra Nevada or the eastern Cascade Range, United States). Previous test cases showed that M1 overpredicts debris-flow likelihood and underpredicts rainfall thresholds for some locations (e.g., Arizona, northern California, Colorado, New Mexico, United States). We sought to improve the regional applicability of a debris-flow likelihood model by expanding the debris-flow inventory used for calibration, testing multiple potential models and generating an updated model framework. The updated inventory includes 3788 observations from 67 burned areas paired with short duration rainfall ratios. The updated model framework consists of a modified model structure and sets of coefficients calibrated separately to the entire updated inventory and to subsets of the inventory that intersect three Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Level 2 ecoregions (Mediterranean California, Upper Gila Mountains and Western Cordillera). Comparisons of predictions from the updated models with observed rainfall and debris-flow activity show that the updated models outperform the M1 model by ~15%–60% and improve the uniformity of predictive performance across the western United States. The updated models also reduce false positive rates relative to M1 and generate rainfall thresholds that are better aligned with relative differences in regional climatology and debris-flow activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70393","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological Changes and Alterations in Erosion–Accretion Patterns in a Semiarid Brazilian River","authors":"Andrea Almeida Cavalcante,&nbsp;Davi Rodrigues Rabelo,&nbsp;Marcos de Brito Bezerra","doi":"10.1002/esp.70396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70396","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rivers in semiarid environments are highly sensitive to morphodynamic adjustments induced by hydrological variability and anthropogenic regulation, with direct implications for sediment transport, channel stability and river management. This study analyses the morphodynamic evolution and erosion–deposition patterns of the Jaguaribe River, located downstream of the Castanhão Dam (operational since 2002) in northeastern Brazil. A spatiotemporal investigation was carried out for the period 1958–2025 using historical aerial photographs, satellite imagery and multitemporal geomorphological mapping. Field-based cross-sectional surveys and hydrosedimentological data collected mainly between 2007 and 2010 were used to support the interpretation of post-dam channel adjustment. Four reaches were defined based on geomorphological attributes, tributary confluences and channel configuration. The results indicate that the Castanhão Dam altered the downstream hydrosedimentological regime by attenuating peak discharges and contributing to an estimated reduction in sediment transport exceeding 50%. However, the spatial distribution of erosion, deposition, bar stabilisation and bank retreat was not controlled by dam regulation alone, but was also modulated by tributary inputs, low-water crossings, riparian vegetation, land-use disturbance and inherited geomorphic conditions. Enhanced bank erosion was observed in sectors with limited riparian vegetation, with lateral retreat rates reaching up to 7 m year⁻¹, whereas margins with more vegetated margins showed lower susceptibility to erosion. Morphological responses included the persistent bar stabilisation, vegetation encroachment, localised channel migration and partial stabilisation of the active channel belt. A notable downstream trend was identified in the middle and lower reaches, which display characteristics of a wandering gravel-bed river, including coarse bed material, sandy and gravelly bars, thalweg migration and fewer active channels than typical braided systems. These findings show that dam-induced adjustments in semiarid rivers should be interpreted as multi-driver responses, combining basin-scale flow regulation with reach-scale geomorphic and anthropogenic controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70396","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148942037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}