Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Long-term geomorphic response of a southwestern USA river following establishment and removal of an invasive riparian tree","authors":"Michael L. Scott,&nbsp;Erin J. Williams,&nbsp;Jonathan M. Friedman,&nbsp;John R. Spence,&nbsp;Phoebe B. McNeally","doi":"10.1002/esp.70103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70103","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Invasion of non-native riparian vegetation along southwestern USA rivers is associated with channel narrowing and simplification, prompting numerous and varied removal efforts. Channel width and migration rate often, but not always, increase following treatment. The cause of this variability and the duration of response is poorly understood. Using flow records and aerial imagery we quantified measurement uncertainty, change in channel width and rates of floodplain formation and erosion relative to annual peak flows before and during the invasion of Russian olive (<i>Elaeagnus angustifolia</i> L.), and following removal, along the Escalante River, Utah, over a fifty-year period. Prior to the invasion, the Escalante River was undergoing a decades-long narrowing process following large, turn-of-the-20th-century floods. Russian olive created a unique geomorphic shift in the observed pattern of channel change. Dense, channel-edge establishment and morphological traits including dense, inflexible branches, resulted in enhanced channel narrowing. Because the initial spread of Russian olive was from upstream to downstream, the Russian olive forest was wider and older upstream than downstream. Consequently, channel narrowing was greater and floodplain erosion rates had already decreased in upstream reaches compared to downstream. Russian olive removal increased channel width and floodplain erosion rates in upstream reaches, where Russian olive was most abundant. In contrast, downstream reaches continued to narrow. Small but detectable increases in rates of floodplain erosion across all reaches, and increased sinuosity in some, suggest the channel is becoming more mobile in the absence of Russian olive. Results indicate channel adjustment to Russian olive removal is spatially variable and may take a decade or more. With continued expansion of native riparian vegetation, future narrowing is likely during sustained low peak flows and large-scale widening is unlikely in the absence of extreme floods or physical removal of existing riparian vegetation.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating encroachment behaviour of pore water on pore structure of unsaturated loess using continuous NMR technique","authors":"Biao Qin,&nbsp;Xi-An Li,&nbsp;Li Wang,&nbsp;Hao Chai,&nbsp;Hong Zheng,&nbsp;Qian Liu","doi":"10.1002/esp.70096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70096","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To study the influence of the evolution of pore structure and pore fluid state on the loading effect of unsaturated loess, a series of oedometer tests were carried out on intact and remoulded loess, supplemented by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) tests at different consolidation stages of the same specimens for the first time. The results show that the deformation of intact loess lags behind that of remoulded loess during mechanical wetting. The pore water gradually encroaches on the pore structure, which increases the debonding effect of soil and the behaviour of loess gradually converges to that of saturated loess. Under the same vertical pressure, unsaturated loess maintains a higher void ratio than saturated. The decrease in the relaxation time span predicts the compression of the pore structure and the gradual encroachment of water. Deformation caused by consolidation enhances the water retention performance of unsaturated loess. The results provide guidance for understanding the evolution of micropore fabrics in the compaction process of loess.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative geomorphological analyses reveal late Cenozoic uneven tectonic expansion at the North Qilian Shan","authors":"Jiaxin Guo,&nbsp;Wenjun Zheng,&nbsp;Yige Li,&nbsp;Qi Su,&nbsp;Dongli Zhang,&nbsp;Shiqi Wei,&nbsp;Xin Sun,&nbsp;Fuer Yang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70090","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The North Qilian Shan, located in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau, serves as a tectonic boundary zone both for active blocks and plateau expansion, and is characterized geomorphologically by intense shortening and uplift. To quantify the geomorphic expression of the outward expansion, we selected the Dongda River Watershed as the study area, divided it into three tectonic regions (A, B and C) to conduct quantitative geomorphological analyses. We then calculated the geomorphic indices—normalized channel steepness (<i>ksn</i>), slope, relief and hypsometric integral (HI)—for 212 sub-basins in the Dongda River Watershed using TopoToolbox and the Topographic Analysis Kit (TAK). The distribution of parameters showed that the tectonic activity in the study area is Region A &gt; Region C &gt; Region B, which indicated that the North Qilian Shan exhibits geomorphic evidence of uneven tectonic uplift, reflecting differential tectonic activity along the North Qilian Shan fault zones during the Late Cenozoic. When combined with previously established tectonic evolution models for the North Qilian Shan, the results in this study suggest that tectonic activity here is driven both by the northward expansion of the plateau boundary and by stress transmission within block boundary zones.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144206832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mineralogical characterisation of aeolian sands using multispectral satellite datasets: Implications for dune field evolution, Wahiba Dune Field, Oman","authors":"David Cousins,&nbsp;Gary Kocurek,&nbsp;Mohammed Al Kindi,&nbsp;Omer Al Mashaykhi,&nbsp;Caroline Hern,&nbsp;Calum Macaulay,&nbsp;Robert Campbell,&nbsp;Michelle Thompson","doi":"10.1002/esp.70064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70064","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Wahiba Basin of NE Oman has been the focus of numerous studies involving satellite imagery that demonstrate the complex interactions between diverse source terrains and fluvial/marine/aeolian sediment transport pathways. Building upon previous work, our study resolves the mineralogy of the dune field and grain provenance utilising a multispectral dataset derived from visible to near-infrared and short-wave infrared bands of Worldview-3 (WV-3) and Sentinel-2, alongside select thermal infrared bands of Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER). Spectral signatures identified from remote sensing were confirmed through selective surface sampling, followed by petrographic analysis, powder X-ray diffraction and grain-size analysis. We employed the spectral angle mapper algorithm (SAM) and band ratio analysis to classify the WV-3 covered megadunes, and validate our scenes with the ground sample data. The spectrally superior WV-3 dataset was resampled and compared, pixel-for-pixel, against a SAM-classified Sentinel-2 scene, providing a framework necessary to expand our observations regionally. The resulting datasets offer spatially expansive classified scenes that provide mineralogical context regionally and at the fine resolution of individual megadunes. Regional observations are mostly consistent with the spatial distribution of mineral phases previously defined across the dune field, highlighting the contemporary influx of sand with mineralogical affinities of proximal source regions that imprint locally. We challenge the prevailing hypothesis that the Al Hajar Mountains to the north of the dune field is the primary supplier of quartz, proposing instead that the siliciclastic-rich Huqf Arch in the south is a more likely contributor. The combined scales of resolution reveal contemporary megadune deflation and sediment reworking that contrasts the mineralogy of the contemporary flux, suggesting that dominant and subordinate regional wind trends were reversed during glacial periods. Our detailed mineralogical observations reveal the sensitivity of contemporary geomorphic surfaces to local sediment dynamics and highlight the value of multi-scale analysis in interpreting dune field evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between the fractal dimension of soil aggregates and erosion in degraded lands in the Qinling–Ba mountainous area of China","authors":"Wenfeng Ding,&nbsp;Xunchang Zhang,&nbsp;Li Li,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Tong,&nbsp;Jianmin Li,&nbsp;Yu Zheng","doi":"10.1002/esp.70092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70092","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The aggregate size distribution (ASD) is an important soil characteristic that is influenced by soil erosion processes and land degradation. However, very few studies have aimed to explore the responses of the soil ASD to land degradation. With respect to the Qinling–Ba mountainous area in southern Shaanxi Province, China, this study aimed to investigate the soil ASD in different degraded land ecosystems and their responses to erosion using fractal theory. Thirty-three plots (7 m²) classified into five land use types representing different degrees of degradation (agriculture, horticulture, grassland, coppices and mature forest) were established to determine and compare runoff and sediment yield. A total of 99 soil samples were collected, and the soil ASD was analysed to determine the fractal dimension (FD). The results revealed that the aggregate FD values ranged from 2.21 to 2.44 for the dry-sieving method (FD_dry) and from 2.70 to 2.82 for the wet-sieving method (FD_wet). The average FD_dry values followed the order of coppices &gt; agriculture &gt; mature forest &gt; horticulture &gt; grassland, whereas the average FD_wet values followed the order of grassland &gt; horticulture &gt; agriculture &gt; coppices &gt; mature forest. Lower FD_wet values were associated with soil dominated by larger aggregates. Statistically significant differences in runoff and sediment were found between agriculture, horticulture, grassland and coppices and mature forest at the 0.05 level of significance. The erosion rate was positively and linearly related to the FD_wet value (<i>R</i>² = 0.74, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and negatively related to the FD_dry value (<i>R</i>² = 0.136, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.5). The results indicated that erosion is more notably related to the FD_wet value than to the FD_dry value. This study highlights the importance of understanding the soil ASD and its implications for erosion processes, which can inform sustainable land management practices and strategies for soil conservation in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of paraglacial sediment supply using detrital 10Be in postglacial landscapes of southwest British Columbia","authors":"Elizabeth H. Dingle,&nbsp;Erin Seagren,&nbsp;Aaron Steelquist,&nbsp;Julia Carr,&nbsp;Isaac Larsen,&nbsp;Jeremy Venditti","doi":"10.1002/esp.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The legacy of glaciation persists for tens to hundreds of thousands of years in postglacial landscapes, where transient storage and release of paraglacial sediment masks signals of primary landscape denudation (i.e., bedrock incision). The timescales over which glacial legacies persist are difficult to quantify without detailed information on fluvial sediment load or landscape denudation. Here, we present 33 new detrital ¹⁰Be cosmogenic radionuclide analyses from the Fraser River basin in western Canada. We combine ¹⁰Be concentrations with paraglacial terrace distributions and present a sediment mixing model to assess the extent to which paraglacial terrace sediment contributes to fluvial sediment loads. Estimated basin-averaged denudation rates are ~0.23 mm yr⁻¹ and largely invariable along the Fraser Canyon, a 375-km bedrock influenced reach, despite a doubling in drainage area and extensive paraglacial terrace distribution. Denudation rates are poorly correlated with landscape morphometry (slope, channel steepness) and climate. To reproduce patterns in ¹⁰Be concentrations along the canyon, terrace sediment contributions must be limited to ~15% of the total flux. We attribute the low terrace inputs to limited connectivity between the terrace fill and the Fraser River channel, which is now incised into bedrock. Longitudinally invariant specific sediment yields are likely a consequence of limited floodplain storage for sediment that is instead transported through the Fraser Canyon to the delta. Sediment derived from bedrock denudation exceeds sediment inputs from paraglacial terrace deposits in the lower Fraser River. Despite widespread prevalence of paraglacial terrace fill in the landscape, our results indicate that basin-scale paraglacial effects diminish once channels re-incise into bedrock and terrace fills become disconnected from lateral river channel erosion. These findings shed new light on the processes controlling the timescales of paraglacial effects on modern river sediment loads and wider postglacial landscape evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70085","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144140357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instability mechanism and control measures of loess slope induced by heavy rainfall","authors":"Guangcheng Shi,&nbsp;Xiaojie Yang,&nbsp;Fan Yang,&nbsp;Zhigang Tao,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhang,&nbsp;Jie Dong","doi":"10.1002/esp.70088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70088","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Loess slopes are susceptible to rainfall due to the water sensitivity and collapsibility of loess. The aim of this study is to investigate the instability mode, failure mechanism and control effect of homogeneous loess landslide under rainfall by using physical model experiments and numerical simulation, combined with a new anchor cable with negative Poisson ratio (NPR) structural effect. The findings indicated that the loess slope's failure under heavy rainfall is characterized by progressive shallow flow-slip instability, encompassing three deformation modes and seven deformation characteristics. Water content, pore water pressure and earth pressure monitoring instruments capture the dynamic response of internal hydromechanical properties within the loess slope during intermittent heavy rainfall, clarifying its failure mechanism. Rainfall leads to soil softening and a reduction in strength. The effective stress of shallow soil and potential sliding surfaces diminishes due to decreased matrix suction and increased pore water pressure. The accumulation of internal and external deformation eventually leads to the disintegration of the shallow layer of the loess slope. Numerical simulation results indicated that rainfall significantly affects the shallow layer of the loess slope, with greater subsidence deformation observed at the slope's crest. Indoor and field monitoring findings revealed the pattern of Newton force on the loess slope in response to rainfall and demonstrated its seasonal dynamics, characterized by an increase during the thaw-collapse and flood periods, followed by a decrease in the frost-heave period.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene landslides in the Fraser Canyon Corridor and implications for ‘ecohazard’ assessment","authors":"Aaron T. Steelquist,&nbsp;Julia Carr,&nbsp;Erin Seagren,&nbsp;Kyra Baird,&nbsp;Derek Heathfield,&nbsp;Brian Menounos,&nbsp;Isaac J. Larsen,&nbsp;Elizabeth Dingle,&nbsp;Jeremy Venditti","doi":"10.1002/esp.70089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70089","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landslides are important natural hazards to infrastructure and humans, but they also pose a hazard to the biosphere and constitute an ‘ecohazard’. Recent and prehistoric landslides in southwest British Columbia have significantly impacted local fluvial processes and nearby ecosystems. For example, the 2018 Big Bar landslide caused a major hydraulic barrier in the Fraser River, which impeded upstream salmon migration for 2 years. To better understand the impact of landslides on the biosphere, defined here as ’ecohazard’ impacts, we assessed the distribution, size and character of landslides near the Fraser River over the past 12 to 15 ka. We created a landslide inventory using 2560 km² of airborne lidar along the Fraser Canyon Corridor, a 375-km stretch of the Fraser River, which flows through varied topography and bedrock. We mapped 274 landslides with planform areas between 2 × 10³ and 2 × 10⁶ m² and estimated volumes that range from 600 to 1.05 × 10⁸ m³. While the landslides with the largest area were flows/spreads in volcanic rocks, landslides in intrusive and metamorphic rocks had the highest median area. Area–volume relations were consistent across lithology and failure styles. Area–frequency and volume–frequency distributions have a positive skew, in agreement with other landslide inventories. Area–runout relations were also consistent across classifications, meaning the likelihood of a given landslide event reaching the Fraser River is primarily controlled by valley morphology rather than lithology or specific failure mechanics. We propose an ecohazard impact framework to classify the risk posed to salmon migration for the different classes of landslides documented in our inventory. We found that landslides of similar size and character to the Big Bar landslide are relatively common within the Fraser River Corridor; however, their location within the valley will determine how likely they are to significantly impact the ecosystem.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A karst rather than periglacial origin for small enclosed depressions of the Landes Triangle, southwest France","authors":"Léa Bussière,&nbsp;Myriam Schmutz,&nbsp;Alain Dupuy","doi":"10.1002/esp.70091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70091","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Small topographic depressions offer insight into past and present groundwater recharge processes. The Landes Triangle (SW France) is dotted with over 2,400 such depressions, whose origins and hydrogeological implications remain unclear. This paper aims to disentangle their origin, with emphasis on the Villagrains-Landiras anticline sector: a key recharge zone, which also features the highest density of depressions. We first evaluate three historical hypotheses with open GIS data at the regional scale, then detail the near-surface structure of a depression near the anticline with electrical resistivity tomographies and ground-penetrating radar. We identify two groups of depressions based on their morphology, distribution and geological context. One aligns with an aeolian origin. The other (encompassing 97% of the depressions near the anticline) suggests a karst origin, with more circular shapes and proximity to karst, streams, faults and neighbouring depressions. However, 18% of these lie outside the crypto-karst area derived from GIS references and may rather be of periglacial origin. Yet, our geophysical survey revealed subsidence but no evidence of cryogenic sediment or solifluction. We conclude that a karst origin remains the best hypothesis in the anticline area, and highlight that sole reliance on GIS references may underestimate crypto-karst extent. Further geological investigation is therefore needed to map its full extent and related water pathways near the anticline.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Drainage divides migration of the Heihe River in the Qilian Mountains, northeastern Tibet: Insights for the drainage reorganization in an orogenic belt","authors":"Hongqiang Li,&nbsp;Daoyang Yuan,&nbsp;Qi Su,&nbsp;Guojun Si,&nbsp;Yameng Wen,&nbsp;Yanwen Chen","doi":"10.1002/esp.70084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70084","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The evolution of the river systems in the Qilian Mountains is complex, shaped by a combination of factors, including tectonics, climate and lithology. While extensive research has been conducted on the regional tectonic evolution and surface processes, the evolution of internal drainage divides and trends in river system reorganization remain poorly understood. Under the influence of tectonic and climatic disturbances, drainage divides, as basin boundaries, continuously migrate, a process that can span tens of millions of years. Thus, the analysis of drainage divide stability provides new insights and constraints on understanding basin evolution mechanisms. This study evaluates the drainage divide stability of the Heihe River within the Qilian Mountains using the χ-plot and the Gilbert method. The results indicate that drainage divide stability varies across different parts of the basin, with a general pattern of synchronous expansion and contraction of the transverse and longitudinal rivers. The study reveals that the evolution of the Heihe River Basin is primarily controlled by regional tectonic evolution in the orogenic belt, with comparatively minor influences from climate, lithology and local fault activity. The evolutionary patterns observed in the Heihe River Basin offer valuable insights into the competitive dynamics between transverse and longitudinal rivers within orogenic belts and provide a new perspective on drainage reorganization in tectonically active regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}