Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Spatial Shift of Dominant Controls and Development Patterns of Tributary Mouth Bars in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir","authors":"Qiang Wang,&nbsp;Shuxia Li,&nbsp;Ting Wang,&nbsp;Huaibao Ma,&nbsp;Zhihui Ren,&nbsp;Fujian Li,&nbsp;Menghao Jia,&nbsp;Xiuji Guo,&nbsp;Zilu Wang,&nbsp;Yuanjian Wang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70403","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Tributary mouth bars (TMBs) at confluences in the Xiaolangdi Reservoir have encroached on effective storage, threatening reservoir safety. This study selected four tributaries (Zhenshui River, Dongyang River, Xiyang River, Yanxi River) with a continuous distance-to-dam gradient and no independent inflow or sediment supply. Using long-term (2000–2024) data, we analysed TMB evolution and its dominant controls. Results show a longitudinal gradient in TMB height. The near-dam Zhenshui River experienced five stages, with a peak TMB height of 11.2 m. The far-dam Yanxi River developed only low bars (&lt; 1 m), which disappeared after 2019. The delta apex advanced from ~74 (2001) to ~4.6 km (2020), with a temporary stable period at ~16 km during 2011–2017, then retreated to ~11.4 km by 2024. This migration modulated the longitudinal gradient. Dominant controls shift systematically along the reservoir. For Zhenshui River, the incoming sediment coefficient and mainstream grain size show positive effects, while the sediment release ratio shows a negative effect. In the middle reach, water level amplitude shows a negative effect and mainstream grain size a positive effect on Dongyang River; for Xiyang River, both the incoming sediment coefficient and mainstream grain size have positive effects. For Yanxi River, the incoming sediment coefficient becomes negative, whereas the positive effect of mainstream grain size persists. Model validation shows good agreement between measured and predicted values. By comparing tributaries with no sediment supply of their own, this study reveals the spatial differentiation of TMB development and the spatial shift of dominant controls, providing a basis for managing tributary deposition in sediment-laden reservoirs.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applied Numerical Modelling of Landscape Evolution in Anthropogenic Landscapes: A Systematic Review","authors":"Vinuri Piyathilake,&nbsp;Matthew W. Hughes,&nbsp;Matthew Wilson","doi":"10.1002/esp.70400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70400","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding long-term landscape evolution in anthropogenic contexts is critical as cumulative geomorphic change over extended timescales shapes hazard regimes and impacts the resilience of human communities. Conventional approaches have tended to prioritise short-term events, leaving broader system dynamics underexplored. Landscape evolution models (LEMs) offer a robust numerical framework for modelling long-term landscape change, yet their practical application remains insufficiently synthesised in the scholarly literature. The existing literature, although grounded in theoretical and methodological advances, offers limited insight into the practical application of these models for real-world planning and management. This systematic review addresses this gap by examining how numerical modelling has been used to analyse the long-term evolution of human-modified landscapes. Adhering to <i>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA)</i> guidelines, 55 peer-reviewed journal articles and formally published conference papers were retrieved through an unrestricted global search of <i>Scopus</i> and <i>Google Scholar</i> across all publication years and languages, with a focus on original research to ensure analytical rigour. Studies were included only if they employed numerical, process-based models that produced quantitative geomorphic outputs, rather than purely conceptual approaches. The review aims to evaluate the anthropogenic settings in which modelling has been applied, examine the methodologies employed, synthesise key findings, identify gaps and limitations and assess the potential of these models to guide long-term decision-making. The analysis revealed that modelling applications are predominantly focused on post-mining and mine-rehabilitation landscapes, whereas other anthropogenic land-use contexts remain relatively underrepresented. The models are inherently parameter-driven, making accurate parameter derivation a significant challenge in data-scarce regions and a primary source of model uncertainty. Validation has been noted as a limitation in nearly all studies, as the long-term nature of landscape evolution precludes the availability of observational data to rigorously test model predictions. This highlights the importance of fostering closer collaboration among researchers, infrastructure managers and local communities to enhance model reliability, ensure practical relevance and support informed decision-making for landscape and risk management.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70400","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integration of RUSLE Modelling and Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 Imagery to Assess Bare Ground Evolution Over a Typhoon Season in the Gaoping Basin, Taiwan","authors":"Sophie P. C. Tankéré-Muller,&nbsp;François L. L. Muller","doi":"10.1002/esp.70402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70402","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this project was to establish a set of criteria for predicting where in the Gaoping catchment in Taiwan erosion would be most likely to occur following sustained heavy rain and/or typhoon conditions. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was tested with mean rainfall between 2002 and 2018 and for the 2024 rainfall. This model is based on five criteria: rainfall (<i>R</i> factor), slope (<i>LS</i> factor), soil characteristics (<i>K</i> factor), land cover (<i>C</i> factor) and land use (<i>P</i> factor). Bare ground and land cover changes to bare ground between 2024 and 2025 were quantified using Sentinel-2 imagery and GIS tools from ArcGIS. The results showed that following the Krathon typhoon on 2 October, bare ground erosion increased by 55%, 72% and 80% in the Baolai, Duona and Fuxing areas, respectively, compared with the mean bare ground erosion calculated between 2002 and 2018. Within the Gaoping catchment, the factors that most affected erosion were slope (<i>LS</i> factor with 143% relative deviation) and vegetation cover (<i>C</i> factor with 135% relative deviation). Further, the RUSLE model was integrated with GIS mapping to observe and analyse, at 10-m resolution, the spatiotemporal development of soil erosion over a 1-year period. The RUSLE model performed well in the upper catchment and correctly identified the high erosion risks. However, calculation uncertainties were as high as 36% in areas with little slope. Our analyses were able to predict the erosion changes that occurred in response to the rainfall events of 2024–2025. Therefore, our approach can be used to estimate future soil erosion caused by typhoons and storm rainfall in the Gaoping River catchment.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148943490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variation in Drivers of Saltmarsh Eco-Geomorphic Evolution: Field Insights From the St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada","authors":"Acacia Markov,&nbsp;Jacob Stolle,&nbsp;Ioan Nistor,&nbsp;Abolghasem Pilechi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70395","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Predicting the long-term evolution of saltmarshes using numerical tools could significantly aid management and restoration efforts. However, limited geographic diversity in the present body of saltmarsh eco-geomorphic literature highlights a significant barrier to model development and widespread application. To address this gap, a comprehensive field study was conducted for meso-tidal saltmarshes within the St. Lawrence Estuary (Petites-Bergeronnes, Québec, Canada). From eight field campaigns performed between July 2023 and August 2024, a novel hydro-eco-geomorphic database is presented for the study site. Spatial variation in eco-geomorphic drivers supported observations of contrasting historical marsh edge evolution; differences in inundation frequency, sediment supply, deposition rates and vegetation properties are reinforcing marsh progradation in one area of interest, and edge erosion within another. Within the former, suspended sediment concentration was significantly correlated with temporal variation in spring tidal heights, indicating that short-term hydrodynamic changes could critically influence sediment supply. Analysis of stem measurements for seven saltmarsh species demonstrated a significant difference in stem length and diameter between pioneer (<i>Sporobolus alterniflorus</i>) and high marsh communities (<i>Sporobolus pumilus</i>– and <i>Plantago maritima</i>–dominant). Repeated measurements throughout the snow-free season also revealed significant temporal variation in stem properties, often disregarded in numerical models. Pioneer <i>S. alterniflorus</i> exhibited the largest magnitude of change, with increases of 2.53 mm in mean diameter and 59.5 cm in mean length between early and peak season. Overall, this work presents important advancements for system understanding of saltmarsh evolution across diverse geographies and provides novel datasets for addressing spatial and temporal complexity in eco-geomorphic processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70395","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-objective optimal allocation of water and sediment in the Yellow River Estuary: Balancing flood discharge capacity, landform equilibrium and ecological functions","authors":"Xiaokang Du,&nbsp;Naishuang Bi,&nbsp;Weiqi Dai,&nbsp;Feihe Kong,&nbsp;Shentang Dou,&nbsp;Yaoshen Fan,&nbsp;Guangzhou Wang,&nbsp;Chao Zhu,&nbsp;Shaohua Zhang","doi":"10.1002/esp.70369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70369","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Yellow River Estuary is the primary depositional zone for sediments from the Yellow River Basin and supports a key wetland ecosystem in the warm temperate zone. However, pressures from river, marine and anthropogenic activities have led to challenges related to flood discharge, delta morphology and wetland ecological function. This study employed statistical analysis, remote sensing, numerical modelling and physical experiments to calculate the thresholds for water and sediment necessary to sustain channel discharge capacity, maintain delta equilibrium and meet wetland ecological water demands. A multi-objective collaborative allocation model for water and sediment in the Yellow River Delta was developed and applied. Results indicate that lower incoming sediment coefficients during flood seasons enhance flood discharge capacity. Increased sediment load and coarser grain sizes accelerate the expansion of estuarine sand spits. The critical sediment load to maintain area balance is approximately 1.31 × 10⁸ t for the Qingshuigou Nature Reserve (QSGNR) and 0.59 × 10⁸ t for the Diaokouhe Nature Reserve (DKRNR). Delta imbalance continues to worsen due to erosion in the DKRNR and accretion in the QSGNR, with the imbalance coefficient reaching 0.1202 in 2020. Total annual ecological water demand for the delta wetlands is about 367.18 × 10⁶ m³, with 288.8 × 10⁶ m³ allocated to QSGNR and 78.38 × 10⁶ m³ to DKRNR. The flood discharge capacity competes with both the delta landform equilibrium and the wetland ecological function, whereas the delta landform equilibrium and the wetland ecological function are synergistic. In low-flow years, priority should be given to maintaining flood discharge capacity while meeting wetland water needs. In normal and high-flow years, appropriately increasing water and sediment diversion to the Diaokou River can help mitigate delta imbalance trends and satisfy wetland ecological water needs. This research offers scientific guidance for the multi-objective allocation of water and sediment in the Yellow River Estuary.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Modelling of Late Pleistocene to Holocene Earthquake-Induced Progressive Rock Slope Damage in the Paraglacial Serpentine Valley, Prince William Sound, Alaska","authors":"Molly E. McCreary,&nbsp;Jeffrey R. Moore,&nbsp;Erin K. Jensen,&nbsp;Valentin S. Gischig,&nbsp;Dennis M. Staley,&nbsp;Brian D. Collins","doi":"10.1002/esp.70399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70399","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Landslides in deglaciating fjords pose a potential tsunami threat to nearby communities; however, processes contributing to long-term progressive rock damage and landslide conditioning remain poorly constrained in paraglacial settings. Here, we analyse the role of earthquake-induced rock mass damage over late Pleistocene to Holocene time scales, as a conditioning factor for modern landslides, using distinct element numerical modelling to assess spatial and temporal patterns of fracture propagation influenced by varying glacier thickness. Conceptualised numerical models were parameterised by in situ rock mass, glacial and topographic conditions in Serpentine valley, located in Prince William Sound, Alaska, where several large landslides are actively developing along the western valley wall. Results show that although rigid glacier buttressing reduces co-seismic rock mass damage, it does not suppress it completely, and damage occurs both above and below the glacier surface elevation. We demonstrate that topography, and especially steep slopes with topographic convexity, as well as preexisting damage of joint networks and faults inherited from tectonic and exhumation induced stresses, exert primary control on the location of new co-seismic damage. Simulations representing a simplified deglaciation sequence over the past 25 ka, with a series of 10 evenly spaced earthquakes, generated rock mass damage patterns that qualitatively match in situ landslide structural and kinematic observations at one instability in Serpentine valley. Our conceptual study helps clarify the role of repeated seismicity over glacial timescales as a long-term conditioning process for paraglacial rock slope failure, highlighting spatial and temporal patterns of progressive damage accumulation, with outcomes relevant for modern landslide hazard assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70399","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UAV-Based Evaluation of National and Global Digital Elevation Models for Chronic Landslides in the Indian Himalayas","authors":"Ashok Anand,&nbsp;Indrakant Behera,&nbsp;Sahil Kundal,&nbsp;Alok Bhardwaj","doi":"10.1002/esp.70401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70401","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study evaluates one national Digital Elevation Model (DEM) (CARTOSAT) and eight global DEMs (ALOS12.5, AW3D30, ASTER, COPDEM, FABDEM, GEDTM, NASADEM and SRTM) to represent the topography of 10 chronic landslides in the Garhwal Indian Himalayas, using high-resolution Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-derived DEMs as the reference. The majority of the chronic landslides considered in the study were activated/reactivated after the 2013 Kedarnath disaster in the Upper Ganga Catchment. Elevation, slope, aspect, and transverse profiles were compared across all landslides, followed by a vertical accuracy assessment through separate quantification of systematic elevation bias and random elevation variability using a variogram-based estimate of terrain-specific spatial autocorrelation. Results indicate that all coarser DEMs exhibit systematic vertical bias relative to the UAV-derived DEMs. Among them, CARTOSAT shows the closest agreement with the reference higher-resolution DEM for representing elevation and slope. In contrast, aspect derived from the national and global DEMs adequately represents the dominant slope direction but fail to capture the full range of slope orientations. Following bias correction, across the landslides considered in this study, the standard error ranged from 1.66 m to 17.74 m, with CARTOSAT consistently exhibiting the lowest standard error, followed by AW3D30, FABDEM and COPDEM. The comparative analysis was extended to four global landslides (Slumgullion and Oso, USA; Trisuli, Nepal; and Xinmo, China) using the available high-resolution LiDAR-derived DEMs as the reference. All global DEMs overestimated elevations and slope angles, but adequately represented the dominant aspect of medium- to high-slope angle landslides. Results indicate FABDEM, COPDEM and GEDTM showed the most consistent vertical accuracy across the global landslide sites, with standard error ranging from 1.64 m to 17.65 m, demonstrating consistent performance. Overall, DEM performance was found to be site-dependent, highlighting the need for systematic bias correction and site-specific vertical accuracy assessment before applying coarser DEMs to regional landslide investigations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148816594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Laser bathymetry on rough riverbed channels: State-of-the-art and future prospects”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/esp.70398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70398","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Himmelsbach, T.M.</span>, <span>Mandlburger, G.</span>, <span>Gems, B.</span>, <span>Rhomberg-Kauert, J.</span> &amp; <span>Aufleger, M.</span> (<span>2026</span>) <span>Laser bathymetry on rough riverbed channels: State-of-the-art and future prospects</span>. <i>Earth Surface Processes and Landforms</i>, <span>51</span>(<span>6</span>), e70319. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70319.\u0000 </p><p>In Figure 4a, the footprint diameter was incorrectly presented using the German decimal delimiter as <b>“0,5-1,0 m”</b>. This has been corrected to <b>“0.5-1.0 m”</b>.</p><p>In the last paragraph of <i>“4.2 Analysis of sensors applied and operating platforms”</i>, the footprint diameter reported for the CZMIL SuperNova sensor in shallow bathymetry mode was incorrectly stated as <b>0.75 cm</b>. The correct value is <b>75 cm</b>. The sentence:</p><p>has been corrected to:</p><p>In the last paragraph of <i>“4.3 Analysis of data quality and spatial coverage”</i>, the mesh resolution reported for the study by Farò et al. (2023) was incorrectly stated as <b>0.25 cm</b>. The correct value is <b>0.25 m</b>. The sentence:</p><p>has been corrected to:</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70398","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148849249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of soil detachment and potassium leaching after treatments with rice-husk-derived nanosilica in paddy soils","authors":"Misagh Parhizkar,&nbsp;Safoora Asadi Kapourchal,&nbsp;Masoumeh Izadpanah Nashroodcoli,&nbsp;Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja,&nbsp;Demetrio Antonio Zema","doi":"10.1002/esp.70388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70388","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil erosion and nutrient leaching due to overland flow are among the major threats to the sustainability of rice paddy systems, particularly where rainfall is intense. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of rice-husk-derived nanosilica for reducing soil detachment capacity (D_c) and potassium (K) leaching and to test the accuracy of key hydraulic variables in predicting D_c. Laboratory flume experiments were performed on paddy soil samples treated with four nanosilica rates (0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% w/w, referred to as NS0, NS1, NS2, NS3 and NS4, respectively) and untreated under multiple flow discharges and low slope (&lt;1%). Soil detachment capacity and K leaching were measured, and D_c was modelled based on key hydraulic parameters (shear stress, τ, and stream power, Ω). Nanosilica application significantly reduced mean D_c soil across all flow conditions on average by 15%–50% compared to untreated soil, depending on discharge and dose. The largest decrease (over 45%) occurred at doses over 2% nanosilica, beyond which improvements showed a plateau. Potassium leaching losses were also significantly reduced by 55% (NS2) to 60% (NS4) compared to the control. Moreover, critical shear stress and stream power both increased, while soil erodibility coefficients decreased with nanosilica addition. Non-linear regression models based on shear stress and stream power showed strong prediction accuracy of D_c (<i>R</i>² = 0.86–0.96). This confirms that these key hydraulic predictors reliably estimate D_c and capture amendment effects. Overall, the combined reduction in particle detachment and K loss demonstrates that rice-husk-derived nanosilica can simultaneously improve erosion resistance and nutrient conservation; modelling results indicate a threshold-type response. Beneficial effects of nanosilica amendments are observed at the highest doses, suggesting that moderate application rates may be sufficient. These findings support the use of waste-derived nanosilica as a circular-economy soil amendment for improving the physical and functional resistance of rice paddy soils.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flume experiments on macro-roughness elements: Hydraulic response and potential influences on flood risk and habitat diversity","authors":"Simone Speltoni,&nbsp;Volker Weitbrecht,&nbsp;Robert M. Boes,&nbsp;Isabella Schalko","doi":"10.1002/esp.70349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70349","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Macro-roughness elements (MREs) are widely used in river restoration to enhance flow heterogeneity and habitat diversity, but their impact on flow capacity and associated backwater rise (i.e., upstream increase in water level) remains insufficiently quantified. This limits the ability to balance ecological benefits against flood risk in river restoration applications. To address this gap, laboratory experiments in a fixed bed flume were conducted to investigate three simplified designs of MREs, namely, a boulder structure, an engineered logjam and a rootwad composite. Flow velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and backwater rise were measured under subcritical and supercritical flow conditions, for varying structure dimensions, solid volume fractions and configurations, including channel-spanning and partial-spanning setups (i.e., structures leaving a lateral gap with the channel wall). Results showed that backwater rise scales with Froude number and relative width of the structure, while it is insensitive to structure length and submergence depth. Backwater rise can be predicted by extending an existing semi-analytical model based on flow partitioning through and around the structures. Differences among MRE types had limited influence on backwater but strongly affected local flow patterns. In particular, porous structures with complex internal geometry (e.g., rootwads) enhanced flow diversion and gap velocities, despite their low solid volume fraction, whereas boulder arrays generated jets in the wake and higher turbulent kinetic energy. Flow heterogeneity increased under emergent and partial-spanning configurations, while higher Froude numbers and submerged conditions promoted more uniform flow. These findings provide guidance for selecting and configuring MREs across a range of flow conditions to optimize ecological benefits while minimizing flood hazards.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70349","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}