Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Modelling, quantification and estimation of the soil water erosion using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation with Sediment Delivery Ratio and the analytic hierarchy process models","authors":"Belhaj Fatima, Hlila Rachid, El Kadiri Khalil, Ouallali Abdessalam, Belkendil Abdeldjalil, Beroho Mohamed, Aqil Tariq, J. Davis Brian, Walid Soufan","doi":"10.1002/esp.5882","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5882","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This research used the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) with Sediment Delivery Ratio (SDR) model. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, while also incorporating the use of a geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) to predict the annual soil loss rate and spatialise the processes of water erosion at the scale of the Loukkos Watershed, Morocco. The RUSLE model and AHP parameters were estimated using RS data, and the erosion vulnerability zones were determined using GIS. We used five parameters, including precipitation erosivity, soil erodibility, slope length and steepness, vegetation cover, and soil erosion control practices in the RUSLE. For the AHP technique, we used seven geo-environmental factors, including annual average precipitation, drainage density, lineament density, slope, soil texture, land use/land cover and landform maps. The results of RUSLE indicated that the average annual soil loss varied from 0 to 2388.27 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>ha</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>year</mtext>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup></math>. The total estimated annual potential soil loss was approximately 40 790 220.11 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mspace></mspace>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>ha</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>year</mtext>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup></math>, and a sediment yield estimated by RUSLE-SDR was 8 647 526.66 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>ha</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>year</mtext>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup></math>, equivalent to 6.65 Mm<sup>3</sup>. This value is very close to the measured value of 6.81 Mm<sup>3</sup>, for a difference of 0.16 Mm<sup>3</sup>. Furthermore, the results of the AHP indicate that the soil erosion potential index varies from 0 to 0.205315 \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>t</mi>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mi>ha</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 <mo>·</mo>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 10","pages":"3158-3176"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141167735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foredune morphology: Regional patterns and surfzone–beach–dune interactions along the New South Wales coast, Australia","authors":"Thomas B. Doyle,&nbsp;Patrick A. Hesp,&nbsp;Colin D. Woodroffe","doi":"10.1002/esp.5879","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5879","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Foredunes constitute a fundamental part of the coastal environment, acting as a buffer against storm erosion and natural coastal defence. Foredune size and volume play a pivotal role in determining coastal vulnerability to marine hazards, and the governing processes driving variations in foredune morphology, particularly over regional, or larger spatial scales, are still relatively poorly understood. This paper presents a regional-scale investigation into foredune morphology along the New South Wales (NSW) coast (SE Australia), comprising not only a state-wide inventory of foredune morphology for use in management/hazard assessment, but also testing long-standing hypotheses and conceptual models of the physical processes that are driving, or influencing, foredune size. We applied a remote sensing protocol to 47 foredune environments, covering the length of the NSW coastline, comparing morphology (including dune height, width, shape, and volume) of established and incipient foredunes both along, and between, sandy embayments. Results, at regional spatial scales, show that the largest foredunes (volumes up to 850 m³ m⁻¹) occur along the central coast as large, steep landforms; intermediate-sized dunes (550–650 m³ m⁻¹) were found on both the Mid-north and Far North coast, and the smallest foredunes (334–380 m³ m⁻¹) occur on the south coast as wider dunes with steep stoss slopes. Surfzone–beach state was found to be the most significant factor influencing foredune size and volume. The more energetic and more dissipative/high-energy intermediate surfzone–beach states were correlated with larger foredunes (i.e. greater dune volume, width and crest elevation), whereas the lower-energy surfzone–beach states generally had smaller dunes. Changes in vegetation cover, shoreline orientation and associated onshore (and alongshore) wind systems were also demonstrated to be important factors in determining foredune morphology. The largest foredunes in NSW generally occur to the north of embayments, with dune size decreasing southward with decreasing exposure to wind/wave energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 10","pages":"3115-3138"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The how, when, and why of an abandoned bedrock meander of the Colorado River, Utah (U.S.)","authors":"Joel L. Pederson,&nbsp;Sherman C. Young,&nbsp;Michael Turley,&nbsp;Natalie Tanski,&nbsp;Tammy M. Rittenour,&nbsp;Ron A. Harris","doi":"10.1002/esp.5886","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5886","url":null,"abstract":"<p>River meanders entrenched into bedrock are found worldwide, and they are famously well represented in the Colorado Plateau of the southwestern U.S. Meandering of bedrock streams can eventually lead to cutting off canyon loops, and these abandoned “rincons” are locations with high preservation of fluvial deposits and landforms. We document and luminescence date the fluvial terraces in and around the Jackson Hole rincon along the Colorado River downstream of Moab, Utah. Results indicate cutoff and abandonment of the rincon at ~200 ka and also record the rapid and unsteady incision in this region over the past 300 ky. A convergence of conditions contributed to the cutoff of the rincon, including alluvial-channel conditions at the onset of MIS 6 glacial-climate, which provided channel-bed cover and enhanced lateral erosion of weak strata. Also, a contemporaneous rock-avalanche partially obstructed the paleochannel just downstream of the breach, potentially creating a backwater that further enabled a flood to avulse across the neck. Although other studies show that bedrock-channel meandering and cutoff can generate unpaired strath terraces and short-term increases in incision rates, these are not evident in the record at the Jackson Hole rincon. This novel case study leverages the high preservation potential within abandoned bedrock meanders to illuminate the processes and controls of rincon formation during landscape evolution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3283-3291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141153188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between soil glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers and temperature in different climatic regions in China","authors":"Can Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoshuang Sun,&nbsp;Chengcheng Leng,&nbsp;Tianlong Yan,&nbsp;Miao Jin,&nbsp;Jinliang Liu","doi":"10.1002/esp.5889","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5889","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Temperature variation in the past periods can provide valuable insights into the characteristics and driving mechanisms of current global warming and future changes. Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs) are commonly used to as a temperature proxy to quantitatively reconstruct past temperature changes. However, it still remains unclear whether the relation between brGDGTs and temperature is influenced by other environmental factors, thereby affecting the accuracy of quantitative reconstructions. A comprehensive analysis of the relation between brGDGTs and temperature across various climate regions can greatly enhance the accuracy of reconstructing past temperature changes. Here, we investigate the distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs using 28 new topsoils collected from altitudes ranging from 2100 to 4000 m.a.s.l. in the Hengduan Mountains in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau (TP), compiled previously published soil brGDGT data in China. Our results reveal distinct distribution patterns of soil brGDGTs between humid and arid regions. Furthermore, we further investigated the correlation between brGDGT indices and various environmental factors from both altitudinal and regional scales. At the altitudinal scale, brGDGT indices exhibit a stronger correlation with mean annual air temperature (MAAT) in alkaline soils (pH &gt; 7) than that in acidic soils (pH &lt; 7). At the regional scale, this correlation is higher in alkaline soils than that in acidic soils as well and is stronger in humid soils (mean annual precipitation [MAP] &gt; 800 mm) than that in semi-humid and semi-arid soil (400 &lt; MAP &lt; 800 mm) and arid soil (MAP &lt; 400 mm). In addition, brGDGT-inferred temperature is more affected by MAP in humid alkaline soils but less affected in humid acidic soils. Therefore, caution is needed to use suitable brGDGT index for palaeotemperature reconstructions in various climate regions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3308-3318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141112692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrogressive thaw slump susceptibility in the northern hemisphere permafrost region","authors":"Eirini Makopoulou,&nbsp;Olli Karjalainen,&nbsp;Letizia Elia,&nbsp;Andrée Blais-Stevens,&nbsp;Trevor Lantz,&nbsp;Panya Lipovsky,&nbsp;Luigi Lombardo,&nbsp;Ionut C. Nicu,&nbsp;Lena Rubensdotter,&nbsp;Ashley C. A. Rudy,&nbsp;Jan Hjort","doi":"10.1002/esp.5890","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5890","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mean annual temperatures in the Arctic and subarctic have increased in recent decades, increasing the number of permafrost hazards. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTSs), triggered by the thawing of ground ice in permafrost soil, have become more common in the Arctic. Many studies report an increase in RTS activity on a local or regional scale. In this study, the primary goals are to: (i) examine the spatial patterns of the RTS occurrences across the circumpolar permafrost region, (ii) assess the environmental factors associated with their occurrence and (iii) create the first susceptibility map for RTS occurrence across the Northern Hemisphere. Based on our results, we predicted high RTS susceptibility in the continuous permafrost regions above the 60th latitude, especially in northern Alaska, north-western Canada, the Yamal Peninsula, eastern Russia and the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The model indicated that air temperature and soil properties are the most critical environmental factors for the occurrence of RTSs on a circumpolar scale. Especially, the climatic conditions of thaw season were highlighted. This study provided new insights into the circumpolar susceptibility of ice-rich permafrost soils to rapid permafrost-related hazards like RTSs and the associated impacts on landscape evolution, infrastructure, hydrology and carbon fluxes that contribute to global warming.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3319-3331"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5890","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141111101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphological and structural characteristics of preferential flow and its influencing factors on colluvial deposits of Benggang","authors":"Liting Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenzhi Zhan,&nbsp;Zhenggang Zhang,&nbsp;Qiaoqiao Yang,&nbsp;Man Zhou,&nbsp;Jinshi Lin,&nbsp;Yue Zhang,&nbsp;Yanhe Huang,&nbsp;Fangshi Jiang","doi":"10.1002/esp.5863","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5863","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Preferential flow plays a vital role in infiltration processes in structured soil. However, knowledge of preferential flow in colluvial deposits of Benggang remains limited. In this study, three typical colluvial deposits with different formation times were selected. The formation times of colluvial deposits A, B and C increased in sequence. Water infiltration in colluvial soil was visualized through Brilliant Blue dye experiments (a total of 90 photos from the dyed soil profiles). The dye morphological characteristics of preferential flow were analysed, and the influencing factors were explored. The dye morphological parameters confirmed the occurrence of preferential flow in the colluvial deposits. The dye coverage of colluvial deposit A was the greatest (61.12%), followed by colluvial deposits B (50.41%) and C (46.81%). The matrix flow depth, preferential flow fraction and length index of colluvial deposits A and B were greater than those of colluvial deposit C. Preferential flow was more notable in colluvial deposits A and B than in colluvial deposit C. The migration process of dyed water varied spatially. There were more preferential flow paths at a 10 cm horizontal width. In addition to the bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil particle composition, especially the gravel content (<i>r</i> = 0.740), was closely related to the observed dye coverage. According to the principal component analysis results, the soil particle composition imposed the greatest influence on the formation of preferential flow in the colluvial deposits, with a contribution of 45.24%. The results provide a theoretical reference for explaining the mechanism of soil infiltration processes and a systematic basis for the treatment of colluvial deposits.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 9","pages":"2870-2883"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141120175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Channel changes over the last 200 years: A meta data analysis on European rivers","authors":"Vittoria Scorpio,&nbsp;Francesco Comiti,&nbsp;Frédéric Liébault,&nbsp;Hervé Piegay,&nbsp;Massimo Rinaldi,&nbsp;Nicola Surian","doi":"10.1002/esp.5848","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5848","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The combined analysis of past evolutionary trajectories of channel morphology and temporal patterns of driving factors is fundamental to understanding present river conditions, supporting river management and evaluating future changes. Rivers in Europe underwent important channel changes during the Anthropocene in response to changing natural drivers and anthropogenic pressures. A considerable number of papers have been published on this topic, in the last decades. In this study, a comprehensive meta-analysis on channel changes during the last 200 years in Europe was performed, aiming to provide quantitative information on the intensity of changes, to highlight regional scale similarities and dissimilarities in evolutionary morphological trajectories and to discuss the main causes of such changes. Based on a review, 102 papers were selected, addressing 145 channel reaches flowing through five main mountain ranges (Iberians, Alps, Apennines, Balkans and Carpathians) in the southern and eastern parts of Europe. The results show that active channel narrowing (between 26% and 36% on average) and incision (between 1 and 2 m) prevailed in most rivers between the 1800s and the 1950s, although widening was documented in some rivers of the Alps and the Apennines. Most multi-thread reaches maintained their pattern until the mid-20th century. Active channel changes accelerated during the 1950s–1990s (or 2000s) period, with channel narrowing up to 60% and channel incision up to 14 m. Multi-thread patterns strongly decreased in frequency, with anabranching channels disappearing and single-thread patterns becoming predominant. The cumulative effect of multiple and concomitant human pressures (gravel mining, channelisation and damming) was identified as the main driving factor for these accelerated changes. These findings must feed the public debate about preventing alterations of river ecosystems—exerted by anthropic disturbances—in a context of rapid economic development, especially in river systems still poorly altered and thus preserving wide, active and heterogeneous fluvial corridors.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 9","pages":"2651-2676"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141123811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storm overtopping of a marine terrace at the penultimate stage of evolution","authors":"Sophie L. Horton,&nbsp;Mark E. Dickson,&nbsp;Wayne J. Stephenson,&nbsp;Brendan S. Hall","doi":"10.1002/esp.5852","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5852","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The youngest uplifted marine terrace at Kahutara Point on Māhia Peninsula, New Zealand, is undergoing rapid retreat (backwear) despite being fronted by a wide contemporary shore platform that attenuates wave energy. In this paper, wave energy and water level were recorded across the shore platform, and these data were used to model (a) how frequently waves reach the terrace riser and potentially erode it and (b) how frequently waves overtop the terrace. Analyses of wave data across shore normal transects show that under quiescent and storm conditions &gt;90% of the energy delivered to the back beach and terrace riser is at infragravity frequencies (i.e., &lt;0.05 Hz). Significant wave heights are reduced in a landward direction for both gravity (<i>H</i>_{<i>m</i>0<i>H</i>}) and infragravity (<i>H</i>_{<i>m</i>0<i>L</i>}) wave frequencies, with 50%–80% of <i>H</i>_{<i>m</i>0<i>H</i>} and 20%–50% of <i>H</i>_{<i>m</i>0<i>L</i>} reduced between seaward and landward sensors. Wave energy during quiescent conditions is strongly attenuated at the seaward margin whereas under storm conditions, proportionally more energy is delivered to the marine terrace riser. The development of a simple inundation model at Māhia reveals that the northern flank of Kahutara Point is more vulnerable to wave inundation, with 17 storms overtopping the youngest marine terrace between 1980 and 2020. Furthermore, despite there being no evidence of a 1-in-100 year storm event occurring at Māhia since 1980, there has been an increase in storminess since 2013. Changes in storm frequency may have offset decreases in wave energy (from energy attenuation) with increased platform width associated with marine terrace retreat.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 9","pages":"2723-2735"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5852","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Calibration-free image analysis method for grain-size distribution of small natural sand samples","authors":"Vah Mélanie,&nbsp;Jarno Armelle,&nbsp;Marin François","doi":"10.1002/esp.5884","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5884","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Natural sand samples collected from bedload or suspension transport can be too small to be sieved. However, related transported mass to sediment size is crucial to calibrate sediment transport models. Image analysis technique can be an easy and cheap alternative. The present study proposes a general law valid for natural sand grains and small gravels that statistically relates elongation to flatness of particles and gives after some assumptions on grain shape and orientation of grains at the sieve mesh passage, the closest distribution of mass to sieving technique from images of grains given by a flatbed scanner. The proposed model is based on the hypothesis of an ellipsoidal grain shape and a preferential grain crossing aligned with the sieve diagonal. Any sand either homogeneous or heterogeneous from various origins (fluvial, marine and quarry) can be analysed directly without any further need for calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 10","pages":"3189-3199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5884","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141124064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Debris-flow entrainment modelling under climate change: Considering antecedent moisture conditions along the flow path","authors":"Anna Lena Könz,&nbsp;Jacob Hirschberg,&nbsp;Brian W. McArdell,&nbsp;Benjamin B. Mirus,&nbsp;Tjalling de Haas,&nbsp;Perry Bartelt,&nbsp;Peter Molnar","doi":"10.1002/esp.5868","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5868","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Debris-flow volumes can increase along their flow path by entraining sediment stored in the channel bed and banks, thus also increasing hazard potential. Theoretical considerations, laboratory experiments and field investigations all indicate that the saturation conditions of the sediment along the flow path can greatly influence the amount of sediment entrained. However, this process is usually not considered for practical applications. This study aims to close this gap by combining runout and hydrological models into a predictive framework that is calibrated and tested using unique observations of sediment erosion and debris-flow properties available at a Swiss debris-flow observation station (Illgraben). To this end, hourly water input to the erodible channel is predicted using a simple, process-based hydrological model, and the resulting water saturation level in the upper sediment layer of the channel is modelled based on a Hortonian infiltration concept. Debris-flow entrainment is then predicted using the RAMMS debris-flow runout model. We find a strong correlation between the modelled saturation level of the sediment on the flow path and the channel-bed erodibility for single-surge debris-flow events with distinct fronts, indicating that the modelled water content is a good predictor for erosion simulated in RAMMS. Debris-flow properties with more complex flow behaviour (e.g., multiple surges or roll waves) are not as well predicted using this procedure, indicating that more physically complete models are necessary. Finally, we demonstrate how this modelling framework can be used for climate change impact assessment and show that earlier snowmelt may shift the peak of the debris-flow season to earlier in the year. Our novel modelling framework provides a plausible approach to reproduce saturation-dependent entrainment and thus better constrain event volumes for current and future hazard assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 10","pages":"2950-2964"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141060004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}