Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"The where and why of large wood occurrence in the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers","authors":"Molly Van Appledorn,&nbsp;KathiJo Jankowski,&nbsp;Kaija Gahm,&nbsp;Serenity Budd,&nbsp;Douglas Baumann,&nbsp;Barbara Bennie,&nbsp;Richard Erickson,&nbsp;Roger Haro,&nbsp;Jason Rohweder","doi":"10.1002/esp.5911","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5911","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Large wood (LW) plays important geomorphic and ecological roles in rivers and is widely used as a restoration tool. Changes to floodplain land use and historical removal have altered wood dynamics in fluvial systems globally. We know little about the distribution and dynamics of LW in great rivers (approximately &gt;10⁵ km²) like the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers despite its ecosystem importance and use in restoration projects. We assessed LW occurrence data collected by the fisheries component of the Upper Mississippi River Restoration Program's Long Term Resource Monitoring element. We analysed 25 years of data collected across six reaches of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers that represented contrasting physiographic settings, and across four aquatic area types comprising gradients of hydrology, connectivity and geomorphology. We tested hypotheses on drivers of LW occurrence using generalised linear mixed effects models, where occurrence was predicted by reach- and local-scale environmental variables. Occurrence varied significantly across reaches and aquatic area types. In general, wood occurred more frequently upriver and in side channels compared to other aquatic areas. Large wood was most strongly predicted systemically by reach identity but not local-scale variables, underscoring the importance of broad-scale physiographic gradients in defining hydrogeomorphic processes. Floodplain forests and shoreline revetment were consistently important predictors across reaches. Our findings show that the spatial variability of LW occurrence reflects the physical variability of the Upper Mississippi and Illinois Rivers. They also reveal the value in using geomorphic classifications as frameworks for understanding physical processes like LW dynamics because of their ability to contextualise site-scale conditions. The baseline understanding of LW abundance across different hydrogeomorphic gradients and scales presented here can give insight into how to more effectively target restoration efforts in great rivers and contribute to a broader understanding of LW dynamics where such studies have been lacking.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3383-3398"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"115 years of sediment deposition in a reservoir in Central Europe: Effects of the industrial history and environmental protection on heavy metals and microplastic","authors":"Georg Stauch,&nbsp;Philipp Schulte,&nbsp;Christina Schwanen,&nbsp;Eberhard Andreas Kümmerle,&nbsp;Lukas Dörwald,&nbsp;Alexander Esch,&nbsp;Frank Lehmkuhl,&nbsp;Janek Walk","doi":"10.1002/esp.5914","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5914","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Humans have considerably influenced accumulation rates and sediment composition in lake deposits. Due to near-continuous accumulation, lakes and reservoirs are an excellent archive of these anthropogenic influences. The Urft Reservoir in the Eifel Mountains, western Germany, provides a unique record of the human influence on the landscape for the past 115 years. In 2020 and 2021, 24 cores and 23 surface samples were obtained from the bottom of the, by that time drained, reservoir. Grain size, heavy metals, weathering signatures and microplastic were analysed. For the chronology, caesium-137 and microplastic were used. Using the first occurrence of microplastic as well as different plastic types for dating was not successful. However, a distinct layer with a high number of microplastic particles could be traced back to a fire in 1991 and was used as an additional stratigraphic marker in the age-depth model. A period of relatively high accumulation rates in the reservoir occurred in the mid-1950s and was related to enhanced construction works in the local valleys. Analysis of heavy metal content in the reservoir sediments shows a strong connection to historical changes in ore industry in the valley of the Urft. Stricter environmental protection laws and the decline of the metal processing industry resulted in a reduced input of lead, copper and zinc in the reservoir until the mid-1980s. Since then, heavy metal content has remained relatively constant. A major flooding event in July 2021 did not lead to the remobilisation of older contaminated deposits as indicated by low heavy metal content in flood deposits. Accordingly, also the microplastic content is not increasing following the extreme event. Due to the degree of weathering of the flood deposits, it is argued that mainly hillslope material was transported into the Urft and subsequently into the Urft Reservoir during this event.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3419-3436"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5914","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"River floodplains as source or sink for fine sediment and total phosphorus export in an agricultural watershed","authors":"Iordanis (Danny) V. Moustakidis,&nbsp;Keith E. Schilling,&nbsp;Larry J. Weber","doi":"10.1002/esp.5849","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5849","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Floodplains constitute a vital and integrated component of the riverine network ensuring the connectivity and continuity of the river with the upland watershed areas. However, the sediment trapping efficiency of floodplains has not been well investigated. The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the functionality of floodplains to act as either sources or sinks for fine sediments and sediment-bound nutrients (e.g., total phosphorus) during floods of various return periods. Thus, we hypothesized that (i) soil texture, in terms of topsoil erodibility and (ii) the magnitude of the incoming flood, in terms of the applied shear stress, are the two key parameters govern river floodplains' ability to store or release fine sediments and total phosphorus, during major flood conditions. Topsoil erodibility experiments were coupled with site-specific flood inundation maps to estimate the eroded fine sediment mass and the total phosphorus release rates per unit area per unit time of each flood condition considered. Results suggested that the floodplain soils of the upstream reaches act as net sources, the floodplains of the midstream reaches have a dual functionality; during low magnitude flood events (up to 10-year return periods), they act as net sinks, while during higher flood events, they act as sources; and the floodplains of the downstream reaches largely act as sinks. This study results are applicable for watershed managers to identify floodplain areas vulnerable to erosion and sources of nutrient pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 9","pages":"2677-2689"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5849","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141366960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is a glacier gone when it looks gone? Subsurface characteristics of high-Arctic ice-cored slopes as evidence of the latest maximum glacier extent","authors":"Eric Bernard,&nbsp;Jean-Michel Friedt,&nbsp;Alexander Prokop,&nbsp;Florian Tolle,&nbsp;Madeleine Griselin","doi":"10.1002/esp.5894","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5894","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In the context of glacier retreat and increased precipitations, Arctic glacier basin slopes are subject to stress leading to visible transformations. In this work, subsurface features of a small Arctic glacier basin slopes are mapped using ground-penetrating RADAR. In combination with surface topography data, eight transects were surveyed ranging from the areas furthest from the current glacier extent to the areas still in contact with the glacier. This allowed for a reconstitution of the successive stages ice-cored slopes go through when glaciers retreat. It appears that slopes evolve from thick debris-covered ice bodies connected with the glacier, to residual ice and ice/debris mixes covered in debris. At the same time, surface morphology of the slopes shifts from homogeneous ice-cored slope gradients to more complex talus-type slopes at the end of the process. The stages of these evolutions are in compliance with former glacier extents. The main driving factors of the slopes successive stages are the constant slope adjustments linked to debris movements, and the melting of ice cores. All these factors are exacerbated by the warmer and wetter conditions they are subject to.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3251-3260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141369678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global warming impacts on rockfall frequency and magnitude due to changing frost distribution and frost cracking effectiveness","authors":"Tom Birien,&nbsp;Francis Gauthier,&nbsp;Francis Meloche","doi":"10.1002/esp.5913","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5913","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The distribution of freezing and thawing within rock masses is time varying (day to day or season to season) and controls the effectiveness of the frost cracking processes from the surface until various depths. These processes are major contributors to the development of rock instabilities. By altering the thermal regime of rockwalls, global warming could have a major impact on rockfall dynamic by the end of the 21st century. This study seeks to improve our understanding of the influence of this warming on (i) the distribution of freezing and thawing within rock masses, (ii) the effectiveness of frost cracking and (iii) the frequency and magnitude of rockfalls. Thermistor sensors inserted in a 5.5-m horizontal borehole and a weather station were installed on a vertical rockwall located in the northern Gaspé Peninsula (Canada). This instrumentation was used to calculate the surface energy balance of the rockwall and to measure and model its thermal regime at depth over a period of 28 months. Combining locally recorded historical air temperature data with simulated future data (scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) made it possible to extend the rockwall thermal regime model over the period 1950–2100. The effectiveness of frost cracking over this 150-year period has been quantified using a thermomechanical model. Depending on the scenario, warming of 3.3°C to 6.2°C is expected on the northern Gaspé Peninsula by the end of the 21st century. This rapid warming is likely to decrease the maximum depth reaches by the seasonal frost by 1–2 m and shorten its duration by 1–3 months. The frequency of freeze–thaw cycles could increase twelvefold in January. Frost cracking effectiveness should intensify around 70 cm in depth and disappear beyond that (RCP4.5) or diminish starting at 10 cm in depth (RCP8.5). In areas subject to seasonal freeze–thaw cycles, decimetric rockfall frequency could grow considerably in winter but be significantly reduced in fall and spring. Furthermore, frost cracking would cease contributing to the development of larger magnitude instabilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3399-3418"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5913","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141371381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-divide difference in channel-head steady-state elevation controls drainage-divide migration","authors":"Yijia Ye,&nbsp;Xibin Tan,&nbsp;Chao Zhou,&nbsp;Shuang Bian,&nbsp;Yiduo Liu,&nbsp;Feng Shi","doi":"10.1002/esp.5892","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5892","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is generally agreed that the channel-head steady-state elevations (\u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub></math>) across a drainage divide are different when the drainage divide is moving. However, whether it is the hillslope or river channel that absorbs the cross-divide difference in channel-head steady-state elevation (\u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub></math>) remains unclear. These different views have consequences for both the methods used to measure drainage-divide stability and tectonic reconstructions from channel profiles. Two methods for determining drainage-divide stability include Gilbert metrics and <i>χ</i>-plots, which emphasise the role of hillslopes and river channels, respectively. Here, we address this issue by deducing equations for estimating \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub></math> and identifying the absorbers of \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub></math> using numerical simulations and two natural cases. Our results show that both hillslopes and river channels absorb parts of \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub></math> in each case; however, the proportion absorbed varies from case to case. When the hillslope absorbs a greater proportion of \u0000<span></span><math>\u0000 <mi>Δ</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>z</mi>\u0000 <mi>s</mi>\u0000 </msub></math>, the river channel absorbs less, and vice versa. We suggest that both Gilbert metrics and <i>χ</i>-plots should be applied when evaluating drainage-divide stability; if either suggests the divide is unstable, then it is indeed unstable. Moreover, the river channel profiles on both sides of a drainage divide are in disequilibrium when the divide is moving, and the erosion rates are greater and less than the uplift rates at the expanding and shrinking sides, respectively. This underscores that drainage-divide migration can significantly hinder the extraction of uplift history from channel profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3332-3343"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age, composition and spatial distribution of sandy loess in north-eastern Germany (Fläming, Brandenburg)","authors":"Fabian Kirsten,&nbsp;Joris Starke,&nbsp;Albrecht Bauriegel,&nbsp;Robert Müller,&nbsp;Jens Jouaux,&nbsp;Christopher Lüthgens,&nbsp;Ralf Sinapius,&nbsp;Jacob Hardt","doi":"10.1002/esp.5885","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5885","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The sandy loess deposits in the lowlands of northern Germany present a valuable sedimentary archive for late Weichselian periglacial geomorphodynamics. While other aeolian sediments from the Late Quaternary, especially loess deposits and sand dunes, have been studied and dated in some detail in the last decades, sandy loess has received less scientific attention with respect to its genesis, composition, age and provenance as well as distribution patterns. In this study, we present detailed results for three sediment sections located on the Fläming ridge in the south of the state of Brandenburg. According to our results from luminescence dating, the sandy loess deposits of this area were deposited during the late MIS 2 (19–14 ka) with a highly variable thickness of at least up to 4 m, followed by a deposition of periglacial coversands shortly thereafter. The sandy loess deposits display a homogeneous geochemical composition and grain size characteristics similar to loess sections in the main loess areas to the west and south. Furthermore, we analysed a large dataset of geological drill data and performed a spatial interpolation of sandy loess distribution in the Western Fläming. Despite the strongly dissected modern landscape of the Fläming ridge which is partly the result of intense Holocene soil erosion processes, general patterns of the original loess distribution could be deduced. Based on these findings, we were able to identify the low-lying areas to the north and north-east of the study area to be the most likely source areas for the sandy loess as a result of katabatic winds originating from the Fennoscandian Ice Shield. Thereby, this study yields important insights regarding aeolian transport and deposition patterns under periglacial conditions in the Central European Lowlands.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3261-3282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5885","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact failure and disaster processes associated with rockfalls based on three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis","authors":"Guoyang Liu,&nbsp;Zhirui Zhong,&nbsp;Tangjin Ye,&nbsp;Jin Meng,&nbsp;Shengze Zhao,&nbsp;Junjie Liu,&nbsp;Shouyi Luo","doi":"10.1002/esp.5893","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5893","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rockfalls, a common geohazard in mountainous areas, have destructive impact capacity and may cause failure of dangerous rock masses in their runout range. For slope risk assessment, a thorough understanding of the impact failure processes and dynamic characteristics associated with rockfall movements is necessary. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of rockfall failure behaviours and disaster processes on the dangerous rock mass along the way through three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis (3D DDA). To validate the reliability and applicability of 3D DDA, numerous laboratory experiments are performed on the impact of downward moving blocks on the unstable block and block system (i.e. single block–single block, single block–block system and block column–block system models) by comparing the displacements, kinetic energies and movement states of blocks. Using the G318 national road in Tibet as an example, 3D DDA simulates the impact and disaster processes associated with upper rockfalls sourced from a complete giant block and multiple discrete blocks on lower dangerous rock mass. Further, rockfall failure modes, movement characteristics, block interactions and impact phenomena are investigated. Results show that 3D DDA can effectively simulate block movement and impact interaction. The upper rockfalls impact the initially stable lower dangerous rock mass, which is the triggering factor for failure of the lower dangerous rock mass. The blocks from the upper rockfalls interact and merge to move downward, increasing the total volume and impact capacity of the rockfalls. It has been discovered that the rockfall disaster caused by the impact of an upper rockfall comprising discrete blocks on a lower dangerous rock mass is more severe than that resulting from the impact of a complete block. Overall, the results of this research can be used to help predict and prevent rockfall disasters.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 11","pages":"3344-3366"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing the impacts of extreme torrential events using multi-temporal LiDAR datasets—The Schöttlbach catchment, Upper Styria, Austria","authors":"Paul Krenn,&nbsp;Nicole Kamp,&nbsp;Stefanie Peßenteiner,&nbsp;Oliver Sass","doi":"10.1002/esp.5859","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5859","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extreme precipitation events in small alpine catchments trigger hazardous hydro-geomorphic processes that cause considerable damage to settlements and infrastructure. In summer 2011 and 2017, two flood events mobilizing large amounts of sediments struck the town of Oberwölz (Styria, Austria) located at the outlet of the Schöttlbach catchment. We used data from local weather stations and precipitation radar to analyse the meteorological settings that caused the flooding. We compiled a consistent sediment budget for the 2017 event by combining geomorphic mapping, connectivity analysis, high-resolution airborne LiDAR (ALS) and uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV)-borne LiDAR (ULS), data from other authors for the 2011 event and external information (e.g., event analysis and excavation data). The 2017 event mobilized higher sediment volumes than the 2011 event (131 000 m³ vs 90 000 m³) even though 24-h precipitation and peak discharges were lower in 2017. First assumptions that the larger sediment output was caused by the reworking of the 2011 flood deposits proved to be incorrect. The impacts of the 2011 event affected the resilience of the geomorphic system resulting in a significantly higher hillslope sediment supply. We conclude that sediment transport in alpine catchments can increase disproportionately when recurrence intervals fall below a critical level.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 9","pages":"2809-2824"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.5859","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141191416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varied root effects on soil detachment with growth time and hydrodynamic characteristics","authors":"Junyang Liu,&nbsp;Zhengchao Zhou,&nbsp;Hao Chen,&nbsp;Weixiao Han","doi":"10.1002/esp.5839","DOIUrl":"10.1002/esp.5839","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Plant roots significantly reduce soil detachment by overland flow. However, there have been few studies on how plant growth time and hydrodynamic characteristics affect the erosion-reducing potential of plant roots. This study cultivated ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne L</i>.) and alfalfa (<i>Medicago sativa L</i>.) as representative of plants possessing fibrous roots and taproots, respectively, in silty soil from the Loess Plateau, China. Root-soil composites were collected monthly from March to September 2021 and subjected to flow scouring in a hydraulic flume at a 15° slope using five different flow discharges (0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 and 0.3 L s⁻¹). The results of the study indicated that root length density, root surface area density and root mass density exhibited a significant increase during the early growth phase, followed by a slight decrease. All parameters of fibrous roots revealed greater values than those of taproots, except for root mass density. The reduction in soil detachment under varying flow shear stresses showed a significant increase during the early phases of growth, followed by a gradual decline. Notably, fibrous roots demonstrated a greater impact on soil detachment than taproots, and this discrepancy fluctuated over time. Moreover, the contributions of fibrous and taproots to reducing soil detachment decreased from 55.81% to 39.66% and from 38.21% to 20.99% with increasing flow shear stress, respectively. It indicated that the erosion-reducing potential of plant roots was greater when subjected to low-flow shear stress compared to high-flow shear stress. This study can provide a scientific basis for understanding the erosion-reducing potential of plant roots at different growing stages and under varying hydrodynamic characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"49 9","pages":"2601-2611"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141168021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}