Earth Surface Processes and Landforms最新文献

{"title":"Quantification of ground surface movements on sorted circles using time-lapse structure-from-motion photogrammetry in a karst cave, Slovenia","authors":"Jaroslav Obu,&nbsp;Matej Blatnik,&nbsp;Julia Boike,&nbsp;Franci Gabrovšek,&nbsp;Luc Girod,&nbsp;Andreas M. Kääb,&nbsp;Norikazu Matsuoka,&nbsp;Paul P. Overduin,&nbsp;Mihaela Triglav Čekada,&nbsp;Marko Zore","doi":"10.1002/esp.70327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sorted patterned ground is among the most striking and characteristic periglacial landforms, and its dynamics provide key insights into cryoturbation processes. Knowledge about patterned ground movements is limited because of observational challenges. Our aim was to use time-lapse photogrammetry to study patterned ground movements with high temporal and spatial resolution in a karst cave. In our setup, point clouds could be co-registered on cave walls, and the absence of snow allowed observations throughout the entire freezing period. We first assessed the method's accuracy and limitations, then quantified vertical and horizontal movements, and finally related them to temperature and sediment characteristics. Several cameras controlled by a microcomputer were installed above the patterned ground on a stable cave wall to take photos every 3 h. Cave air and ground temperatures at 5- and 25-cm depth were monitored hourly. Sediment samples from a 75-cm deep pit were analysed for grain size and radiocarbon ages. The point clouds generated using structure-from-motion photogrammetry achieved precisions of up to ±2 mm in this setting. The results showed average vertical movements of up to 50 mm and horizontal movements of up to 15 mm during single freeze–thaw cycles. The movements appear moderately to highly correlated with variations in ground surface temperatures but become uncorrelated when moisture supply is cut off by prolonged freezing periods. The horizontal movements show complex patterns, although the outwards movement component generally prevails during freezing and inwards during thawing. The recorded patterned ground movements are comparable to those observed in other studies on seasonally and permanently frozen ground. The radiocarbon ages indicate an active cryoturbation process, highlighting its presence not only in permafrost areas but also in seasonally frozen ground.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148848653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing palaeoflood magnitude and frequency for flood hazard assessment in arid regions: The northern Judea Desert Streams, Israel","authors":"Rami Zituni,&nbsp;Noam Greenbaum,&nbsp;Naomi Porat,&nbsp;Gerardo Benito","doi":"10.1002/esp.70314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70314","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ephemeral streams in desert regions exhibit a high interannual hydrological variability dominated by short-lived flows and isolated extreme floods. Increase in settlements, land use intensity and infrastructures during the past 70 years in arid regions in general and in the study area in particular requires a probabilistic approach to Flood Frequency Analysis (FFA). This analysis is hampered by the scarcity of rainfall and discharge gauging stations, and by the high temporal variability of extreme events. Here, we apply advanced palaeoflood hydrology techniques to estimate the magnitude and frequency of floods to improve the quality and reliability of flood risk analysis for infrastructure design. The study focusses on two basins in the Northern Judean Desert: Nahal (N.) Darga ephemeral stream (70 km²) and Nahal Arugot (215 km²). The sedimentological evidence of past large floods in Nahal Darga (70 km²) consists of 17 flood events deposited over the last 1000 years with a maximum palaeo-discharge of 300 m³ s⁻¹. In Nahal Arugot (215 km²), the palaeoflood record comprises 36 flood events that extend over the last 400 years, recording a maximum flood discharge of 830 m³ s⁻¹. In comparison, the palaeoflood discharges were 1.8 and 1.6 times larger than the maximum measured floods. Nevertheless, these discharges did not exceed the regional envelope curve of the Judean Desert. The improved FFA caused an increase in the estimated flood discharges for all return periods; in Nahal Darga, the 100-year flood increased from 110 m³ s⁻¹, for the gauged record only, to 160 m³ s⁻¹ (45%) for the combined records, and in Nahal Arugot from 660 m³ s⁻¹ to 980 m³ s⁻¹ (48%). The FFA for the systematic data only underestimated the frequency of the large floods because of their short and discontinuous records. The incorporation of the palaeoflood data into the dataset provided more solid values to the FFA, which significantly improved the reliability of risk assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glacial landsystem stripes: A tool to clearly visualise geomorphological signatures of evolving climate–glacier–landscape interactions","authors":"Benjamin Newsome-Chandler,&nbsp;Libby A. Pattison,&nbsp;David J. A. Evans","doi":"10.1002/esp.70303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70303","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Modern glacial environments are highly dynamic landscapes, reflecting the interplay of changing climate, glacier dynamics and topography. Variations in the glacial landforms and sediments formed along retreating glacier margins are therefore important indicators of evolving climate–glacier–landscape interactions. In this paper, we present a new tool to clearly visualise the evolution of process-form regimes operating at retreating ice margins: glacial landsystem stripes. This approach visualises spatio-temporal changes in landsystem facets (sediment–landform associations) along glacier margins as time series of normalised colour-coded stripes. The visualisation method is fully automated using a script developed in the open-source and cross-platform R programming environment, ensuring that the visualisations are reproducible, adaptable and scalable. We showcase the glacial landsystem stripes using a case study of glacial landsystem evolution at Skálafellsjökull, an active temperate outlet glacier in southeast Iceland, and demonstrate how our new method can provide clear, effective and striking visualisations of glacial landsystem evolution over multiple decades. Glacial landsystem stripes unlock new possibilities to analyse landsystem signatures of evolving climate–glacier–landscape interactions, enabling potentially variable styles of glacial landsystem change around the same ice mass complex (e.g., icefields and ice caps) to be visualised in a single graphic. With continued technological advances and increasing availability of high temporal and spatial resolution satellite images, the method could visualise glacial landsystem evolution at high temporal (annual) frequency in future and enable direct comparisons with climatological data (or climate stripes). Our new stripes method could also be easily adapted to analyse the evolution of non-glacial geomorphological systems (e.g., emerging coastlines).</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Texture–terrain integration for classification of karst Fenglin–Fengcong landforms in Southwest China","authors":"Xianwu Yang,&nbsp;Jingke Lv,&nbsp;Yihang Dong,&nbsp;Tingjie Wen,&nbsp;Tiantian Wen,&nbsp;Ningyi Li","doi":"10.1002/esp.70326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70326","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The classification of Fenglin–Fengcong karst landforms is complicated by morphological heterogeneity, spectral similarity and indistinct landform boundaries. This study classifies Fenglin–Fengcong landforms in Southwest China by integrating high-resolution GF-1 multispectral imagery with ALOS PALSAR digital elevation model (DEM) data. Spectral bands, vegetation indices, terrain derivatives and image texture features were extracted to support landform classification. Two texture descriptors, the grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) and local binary pattern (LBP), were incorporated into an object-based Random Forest (RF) classification framework. The analysis was conducted in three representative karst regions—Guilin, Luoping, and Xingyi—to examine texture performance under contrasting geomorphic conditions. The results showed that terrain derivatives improved the delineation of karst morphological structure compared with spectral features alone, while image texture features further enhanced boundary recognition and reduced confusion between karst landforms and surrounding vegetation. Differences in texture performance were observed among regions with contrasting landform structures, with LBP showing more stable performance in areas characterised by dense peak clustering and pronounced structural heterogeneity. The highest classification accuracy was achieved using the LBP-based texture model (overall accuracy = 92.13%, <i>F</i>-score = 95.96%). These results indicate that the contribution of texture features to karst landform classification is closely related to geomorphic structure and spatial scale, highlighting the importance of considering regional geomorphic characteristics when applying texture-based remote sensing methods to karst landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial landslide occlusion of a valley river and the hydro-climatological drivers of landslide-lake ephemerality","authors":"Kate L. Hodgson,&nbsp;Sarah M. Mager,&nbsp;Sophie L. Horton","doi":"10.1002/esp.70321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70321","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understandings of landslide derived hazards have been of growing interest in response to increasing threats posed by such catastrophic mass movement events. Landslide lakes are of particular interest because of their ability to disrupt upstream and downstream river morphology posing potential catastrophic outburst flooding hazards. Landslide-lake systems are often described as stable or persistent features, or unstable dams with catastrophic failure. Here, we document an intermediate condition in which a landslide-lake switches between presence and absence over sub-decadal timescales using the case study of Te Horo in the Southern Alps/Ka Tiritiri o te Moana of New Zealand. A chronology of lake presence was constructed from remotely sensed imagery identifying 42 hydrological lake filling and draining instances over a decade. Impoundment following river channel occlusion was initiated in late 2013, and the subsequent 11-year chronology demonstrates a lake transience or pulsing condition. Following formation of Te Horo in 2013, the landslide lake grew to a maximum of 1.4 km² and persisted until early 2019, generally decreasing in size over this period. Pulsing lake behaviour (months to days) began between 2019 and 2020, punctuated by the largest streamflow event on record (2250 m³ s⁻¹) in February 2020 generating the longest impoundment duration in the pulsing stage (427 days). We classified lake filling events into three types: high magnitude rainfall and high-flow events (Type I), lake filling driven by antecedent rainfall conditions without a significant high-flow event (Type II), and events with no significant hydrological inflows, attributed to changes to landslide toe morphology (Type III). Across 42 discrete lake filling events between 2019 and 2025, Type I accounted for 32%, Type II for 37% and Type III for 31%. We interpret the prevailing pulsing of lake presence and absence to be an intermediate state of landslide dam occlusion when such streamflow-driven filling events occur in pluvially dominated and wide valley morphology (&gt;0.5 m), where high river competence is effective at maintaining the drainage channel.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70321","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148174207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zeolite amendments in silty loam soils: Impacts on infiltration, runoff and soil erosion","authors":"Seyed Hamid Ahmadi,&nbsp;Hamid Reza Mosaffa,&nbsp;Ali Reza Sepaskhah","doi":"10.1002/esp.70328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70328","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;This study evaluates the effects of natural zeolite and nanozeolite on runoff generation, soil loss (sediment yield) and infiltration under controlled rainfall in a silty loam soil near Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran. Zeolite was mixed and incorporated in the top 5 cm of the soil at the rates of 0, 4, 8 and 12 g kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; soil. Nanozeolite was sprayed and soil surface-applied at the rates of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 g m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; equivalent to 22.4, 44.8 and 67.2 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively. The different application methods and rates (3D incorporation of bulk zeolite in soil matrix versus 2D surface layer spraying), however, led to inconsistent units for zeolite and nanozeolite. Laboratory experiments were conducted under a FEL3 rainfall simulator at an intensity of 30.3 mm h&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; on soil-filled trays with 5% slope for 60 min. Runoff, cumulative infiltration, time to runoff, final infiltration rate, sediment concentration (g l&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) and sediment yield (kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using a completely randomised design with three replicates at &lt;i&gt;α&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05. Results showed that zeolite and nanozeolite significantly reduced runoff while increasing cumulative infiltration and final infiltration rate. The largest significant improvements were observed for 12 g kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; zeolite and 4.5 g m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; (equivalent to 67.2 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) nanozeolite. Zeolite at 12 g kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; reduced sediment yield by 28.6%, runoff volume by 8.2% and runoff coefficient by 10% compared to the control. Nanozeolite at 4.5 g m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; achieved similar reductions of 13, 7.8 and 12%, respectively, despite much lower applied mass. However, a key finding was the mass efficiency of nanozeolite. While 12 g kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; bulk zeolite equals roughly 16–20 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (assuming a 10–15 cm plough layer), 4.5 g m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; nanozeolite (67.2 mg kg&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;) corresponds to just 45 kg ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, yet both achieved statistically identical runoff reduction. Moreover, time to runoff generation increased by 16% and 14% compared to the control in the 12 and 4.5 g m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; treatments, respectively. Experimental evidences revealed that nanozeolite was more effective (i.e. per unit increase of mass of nanozeolite) in reducing runoff volume and final infiltration rate compared to zeolite. However, sediment concentrations and yields were significantly reduced under zeolite application rates compared to nanozeolite. The possible reason might be that zeolite is more durable in soil profile, while nanozeolite was easily washed and lost. The possible mechanisms driving improvements are discussed in light of literature on zeolite and nanozeolite. This study provides new insights on comparison between the zeolite and nanozeolite and suggests practical recommendations for using zeolite amendments to mitigate soil erosion and improved soil and water conservation in semi-arid agricultural land","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low sediment retention efficiency limits delta formation in tectonically confined high-energy coastal systems","authors":"Sumit Das,&nbsp;Gianvito Scaringi","doi":"10.1002/esp.70304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70304","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Although deltaic growth is commonly linked to high sediment supply, numerous river systems challenge this assumption by exhibiting limited or absent delta plains despite substantial sediment loads. We investigate this paradox in the west-flowing Narmada and Tapi rivers of Peninsular India, which deliver sediment fluxes comparable with delta-forming systems yet lack classic subaerial delta development at their mouths in the Gulf of Khambhat. Using an integrative analysis of geomorphic indices, sediment flux, stream power, bathymetry, tidal regime and available stratigraphic evidence, we evaluate sediment retention rather than sediment supply as the critical control on delta formation. Our results show that (i) steep, tectonically confined river gradients suppress floodplain development and accommodation creation; (ii) high monsoonal unit stream power maintains sediment in suspension during peak delivery; and (iii) strong tidal currents combined with a broad, topographically complex continental shelf promote efficient sediment dispersal and offshore export. Stratigraphic records suggest a brief late Holocene phase of progradation followed by incision, reflecting a highly dynamic accommodation regime influenced by tectonic uplift. We conclude that the absence of subaerial deltas at the Narmada and Tapi mouths does not reflect sediment limitation but instead represents a stable end-member of tide-dominated, morphodynamically constrained estuarine systems characterised by low sediment retention efficiency. This conceptual framework provides a basis for reinterpreting delta–estuary transition in other high-energy, tectonically influenced coastal settings worldwide and highlights the need to move beyond sediment supply alone when assessing delta sustainability under future environmental change.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon dioxide consumption and efflux rates in a large tropical river basin: Implication for estimation of regional CO2 emissions","authors":"Kiran Kumar Reddy,&nbsp;Sravan Kumar Kotluri,&nbsp;Upendra Badimela,&nbsp;Krishnan Anoop Krishnan,&nbsp;Harish Gupta,&nbsp;Vishnu Maya TM","doi":"10.1002/esp.70316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70316","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chemical weathering, a natural atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) sink process, is a component of the global climate system. This study examines the temporal and spatial variations in rates of chemical weathering (CWR), CO₂ consumption (CCR) and corresponding CO₂ flux (<i>F</i>_CO2) from a large tropical river system, the Krishna River Basin (KRB) of western India. Results indicated that all these rates are higher during the monsoon, with the upstream regions exhibiting higher CWR due to enhanced hydrological and geochemical fluxes, particularly in agricultural-dominated zones. The average CCR (6.2 × 10⁵ mol km⁻² yr⁻¹) is higher than earlier findings form similar tropical systems. With a final estimated annual CCR and <i>F</i>_CO2 of 7.1 ± 2.5 and 3.9 ± 0.6 Tg CO₂, respectively, it is evident that chemical weathering is greater than the CO₂ efflux. Upstream silicate-rich basaltic bedrock, combined with a tropical climate (high runoff and temperature) in KRB dominated by agricultural practices, promotes chemical weathering, resulting in a net sink for atmospheric CO₂. This study highlights the significance of simultaneous estimation of CCR induced by chemical weathering and <i>F</i>_CO2 dynamics in understanding the role of large tropical river basins in estimation of regional CO₂ emissions.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wave modulation of flood-driven jet dynamics, suspended-sediment dispersion and event-scale morphodynamics in the Modaomen Estuary","authors":"Jing Liu,&nbsp;Fang Yang,&nbsp;Bo Li,&nbsp;Chen Lu,&nbsp;Huayang Cai","doi":"10.1002/esp.70324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70324","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As a river–wave-dominated estuary, the morphological evolution of the Modaomen Estuary is jointly controlled by river discharge and wave forcing. Using measured bathymetry, we developed a two-dimensional coupled wave–current–sediment model within the TELEMAC-MASCARET system to quantify how waves, under floods of different magnitudes, modulate the flood-driven jet, suspended-sediment dispersion and event-scale morphodynamics. The results show that (1) waves do not change the fundamental jet structure, but constrain its seaward spreading and systematically reduce its spatial extent and intensity; the modulation depends on tidal phase (flood/ebb) and flood magnitude, and waves also induce a northeastward deflection of the jet. (2) Waves limit offshore sediment export, producing a more concentrated and spatially uniform sediment distribution within the jet zone, with suppressed southwestward diffusion and enhanced northeastward (landward) transport; this directional redistribution strengthens with increasing flood magnitude. (3) Although the wave-driven redistribution does not fundamentally alter the overall erosion–deposition pattern among flood scenarios, it causes two persistent modifications: greater mean siltation thickness within the zone of established flow, with enhanced accumulation near the termini of the eastern and western channels, and a stronger erosional tendency on the southwestern flank, accompanied by increased deposition on the northeastern flank.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148173709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Lizoite rock glacier, Dry Andes of Northwestern Argentina: A deactivation case in progress?","authors":"Eliseo Flores,&nbsp;Mateo A. Martini","doi":"10.1002/esp.70302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70302","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rock glaciers are the most widespread features in the cryosphere of the Dry Andes. Nevertheless, detailed studies on rock glacier thermal and kinematic conditions, and their relationship with the current climate are scarce in the region. Among the rock glaciers in the area, this study focuses on the Lizoite rock glacier (22°11′40″ S; 65°11′30″ W) to conduct a comprehensive study to determine its morphological characteristics, degree of activity and thermal conditions, and discuss how they interact with each other. The research includes measurements of surface flow using a GNSS system and monitoring of air and ground temperatures during the period 2014–2023, along with a detailed descriptions of Lizoite rock glacier's surface characteristics, including lithology and structures. Results indicate that the surface velocities of the rock glacier were less than 17 cm/year, with an average of 9.7 cm/year. The interannual velocity variations were compared with air temperature and precipitation records from a nearby long-term weather station, showing a significant correlation with precipitation. Air and ground temperatures over the rock glacier are markedly high for an active feature and would indicate the degradation of the permafrost core. These findings suggest that the rock glaciers in this part of the Dry Andes are experiencing unfavourable climate conditions for ice preservation and are in a transitional stage, from active to inactive, as a consequence of the ongoing warming trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"51 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}