Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Hydrological imbalance in Nam Co Lake, the third-largest lake on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Wenhao Ren, Hui Qian, Shiqiao Zhou, Yanyan Gao, Yaoming Ma, Zhongbo Su, Weiqiang Ma, Zhiming Cao, Weijie Zhao, Kang Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133956","url":null,"abstract":"Lakes on the Tibetan Plateau (TP), as key components of the Asian Water Tower, play a vital role in regional water resources and hydrologic cycle. Groundwater is an important but often ignored factor in the lake’s hydrologic cycle, largely due to challenges in quantifying its contribution. In the case of the Nam Co Lake, the third-largest lake on the TP, research on basin groundwater remains notably limited. This paper presents, for the first time, an analysis of groundwater in the water balance of Nam Co Lake, based on a comprehensive hydrogeological investigation. Results revealed lacustrine groundwater discharge into the lake was about 10.31 ± 0.31 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">8</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> during May to October 2018. Daily lake level change showed that the rising lake level resulted in a volume increase of 13.06 ± 1.53 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">8</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> during the same period. The hydrometeorological observations revealed that during the observation period, precipitation over the lake, recorded by the automatic weather station, totaled 7.51 ± 0.75 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">8</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>, while evaporation from the lake, measured by the eddy covariance system, amounted to 9.56 ± 0.12 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">8</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>. Additionally, runoff of surrounding rivers into the lake reached 22.83 ± 2.28 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">8</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup>. Thus, a lake water balance analysis revealed a surplus input of 18.03 ± 2.42 × 10<ce:sup loc=\"post\">8</ce:sup> m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">3</ce:sup> compared to the output during the water balance duration. The only plausible explanation for the water imbalance is seepage, most likely occurring along the region’s known subsurface fault system. These findings underscore the significant role of groundwater and highlight the magnitude of lake seepage, offering new insights into the hydrological cycle of Nam Co Lake and the broader TP region.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accurate runoff prediction in nonlinear and nonstationary environments using a novel hybrid model","authors":"Wei-can Tian, Wen-chuan Wang, Yi-yang Wang, Can-can Shi, Qiang Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133949","url":null,"abstract":"Accurate runoff prediction is essential for water resource management and ecological conservation. However, the challenges posed by the nonlinear, non-stationary, and multiscale nature of runoff processes hinder the achievement of high prediction accuracy. To address these challenges, this study proposes a novel combined prediction model named OVMD-IAPO-TCN-GRU, which integrates optimized variational modal decomposition (OVMD), an improved Arctic Puffin Optimization Algorithm (IAPO), and a deep learning neural network that combines temporal convolutional networks (TCN) and gated recurrent units (GRU). The model’s framework optimizes and enhances each component’s functionality. Initially, the IAPO algorithm is employed to optimize the key parameters of the VMD, thereby effectively separating hydrological processes across various time scales. This step significantly improves the decomposition quality of non-stationary runoff sequences, reducing modal aliasing and distortion in feature extraction. Subsequently, the well-decomposed non-smooth runoff data is processed by the TCN-GRU module, which leverages gated recurrent units to capture long-term dependencies, while the TCN component improves the extraction of significant multivariate time-series features. Furthermore, the TCN-GRU parameters are further fine-tuned using the IAPO algorithm, thus enhancing the model’s ability to fit nonlinear relationships and improving its generalization performance. Combining each smoothed subsequence obtained from decomposition with the optimal features extracted, the OVMD-IAPO-TCN-GRU model delivers accurate runoff predictions by superimposing the predictions from each mode. The IAPO algorithm enhances the optimization capabilities of the Arctic Puffin algorithm by introducing effective initialization strategies and updating behavioural conversion factors, which improves parameter optimization accuracy. Case studies were conducted at the Hongjiadu and Yingluoxia sites to validate the model’s effectiveness. The performance was assessed using four evaluation metrics, nine benchmark models, and four advanced combined optimization models. The results indicate that the proposed model achieves a Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSEC) and correlation coefficient (R) exceeding 0.96 and outperforms comparison models across all metrics. Specifically, the root mean square error (RMSE) is reduced by 66.29% and 64.73% compared to the TCN-GRU model. These findings highlight the model’s significant potential for efficient and accurate runoff prediction across different watersheds, emphasizing its superiority in runoff forecasting.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transforming pollution sources into assets: Exploring innovative applications of abandoned open pit mines for rainwater storage and aquifer recharge","authors":"Dilip Kumar Roy, Apurna Kumar Ghosh","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133933","url":null,"abstract":"This review paper examines the potential of repurposing abandoned open pit mines for rainwater storage and aquifer recharge, transforming them from environmental liabilities into valuable assets. With increasing water scarcity and environmental challenges, innovative solutions are essential. Abandoned mines, often seen as environmental liabilities, present a unique opportunity for sustainable water management. Drawing on 227 peer-reviewed articles from sources such as Clarivate’s Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, SpringerLink, and Scopus, the paper highlights the feasibility and benefits of utilizing these sites for rainwater storage and aquifer recharge. By examining case studies and technological advancements, this paper highlights the feasibility and benefits of utilizing these sites. Moreover, the review explores the economic, environmental, and social implications of such initiatives, emphasizing how abandoned mines, despite their contamination risks and regulatory hurdles, offer large surface areas ideal for water collection and recharge. The surface areas of the largest open pit mines vary widely from 3.3 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> at the Betze-Post Gold Mine in Nevada, USA, to 12.9 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> at the Chuquicamata Copper Mine near Santiago, Chile. Repurposing these sites provides environmental remediation, water security, economic growth, and climate adaptation benefits. However, challenges remain, including technical complexity, financial constraints, regulatory barriers, and social acceptance. Innovative strategies such as effective remediation, sustainable development, and stakeholder engagement are key to overcoming these obstacles. Future research should focus on emerging technologies, policy recommendations, and adaptive management to unlock the full potential of repurposing abandoned mines for water management.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of rootzone soil moisture estimation over the Tibetan Plateau based on the exponential filter model and Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) surface observations","authors":"Yuxi Song, Jianbin Su, Tinghua Mou, Jun Wen, Gaofeng Zhu, Xiaojing Wu, Donghai Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133882","url":null,"abstract":"This study is the first attempt to assess and enhance the applicability of exponential filter (ExpF) model to estimate rootzone soil moisture (RZSM) across different climatic and land conditions over the Tibetan Plateau (TP). To this end, in situ soil moisture (SM) profile data collected from five regional-scale monitoring networks are firstly used for the model assessment at local scale. Then a random forest (RF) approach is adopted to regionalize the critical model parameter (i.e. characteristic time length <mml:math altimg=\"si2.svg\"><mml:mi>T</mml:mi></mml:math>) to enhance the estimation of RZSM at plateau scale using satellite-based surface SM (SSM) data from the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). Results indicate that with increasing soil depth, the application accuracy of the ExpF model decreases due to weakened coupling strength between the SSM and RZSM, while the <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> values and their spatial heterogeneity increase due to greater variability in hydraulic connectivity between the SSM and RZSM across different monitoring sites. From the arid west TP to the semi-arid and humid east TP, the application accuracy of the ExpF model increases, while the variability in model accuracy across different monitoring sites shows a decreasing trend. The spatial distribution of regionalized <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> values at shallower depth is opposite to that of sand content, with higher values in the northwest TP and lower values in the Qaidam basin and central TP. For the deeper depth, higher values are also noted in the southeast TP due to the increasingly significant impact of meteorological and vegetation factors. The RZSM estimations based on the ExpF model with the regionalized <ce:italic>T</ce:italic> values capture better the observed dynamics and largely resolve the deficiencies noted for the C3S-based RZSM product. Above findings confirm the applicability of the ExpF model on the TP, offering valuable insights into enhancing the accuracy of RZSM estimations based on the satellite-based SSM products","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the sinking conditions of large wood and maximum backwater rise at trash racks","authors":"Songli Yu, Yidan Ai, Mengyang Liu, Wenxin Huai","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133929","url":null,"abstract":"The accumulation of large wood (LW) is a significant concern for river management. The sinking behavior of LW plays a crucial role in altering the shape and submerged volume of LW accumulation, which in turn changes the flow condition and poses a high risk to hydraulic structures. Through laboratory model tests, this work innovatively introduces the critical Froude number as an indicator for the initiation of sinking in a large wood row (LWR) with uniform density floating on the water surface. Factors such as increased LWR length, a higher diameter-to-flow depth ratio, and reduced LW density all lead to a higher critical Froude number. Based on these findings, a formula is proposed to estimate the critical Froude number, which is parameterized by the diameter, density, and length of LWR. Additionally, the sinking of LW simultaneously increases backwater rise and decreases incoming flow velocity, eventually halting further sinking, and giving rise to the maximum backwater rise under the condition of certain discharge. By modeling this special state, a prediction formula for maximum backwater rise is derived and analyzed. Overall, this study enhances the understanding of LW sinking dynamics and provides deep insights into LW management in rivers.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in measuring the size and velocity of large raindrops: a comparison of selected methods","authors":"M. Beczek, M. Neumann, R. Mazur, D. Zumr, T. Dostal, A. Bieganowski","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133932","url":null,"abstract":"The characteristics of raindrops play a crucial role in various fields, including meteorology, hydrology, agriculture, horticulture, weather forecasting, and atmospheric physics. Among the various techniques and measurement devices for characterising precipitation drops, disdrometers are currently most commonly used and high-speed cameras are becoming more popular. A significant challenge can be the characterisation of large drops, associated with e.g. throughfall phenomenon or heavy convective rainstorms, which are susceptible to shape changes as a result of oscillations. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of selected methods for measuring the size and velocity of large drops. The study was based on the formation of single drops with specified diameters (3.2, 4.3 and 5.3 mm) and different heights of release (1, 3 and 5 m). The performed analyses included a comparison of data obtained from two types of laser disdrometers (Thies Clima LPM and Parsivel<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup>), single high-speed camera and a set of synchronised high-speed cameras with 3D PTV module (i.e. particle tracking velocimetry). The measurements were complemented by a characterisation of drop shape deformation that may have influenced the results, which was assessed using high-speed imaging technique. Study showed that high-speed cameras allowed a very accurate analysis of the parameters of large individual drops (i.e. size, velocity and shape descriptors) in contrast to the tested disdrometers which showed substantial variability in the results. The coefficient of variation for the measured parameters was up to 5.5 % for the cameras, and up to 13.6 % for the disdrometers. In this context, high-speed cameras provide an alternative for measuring processes that are subject to significant errors (e.g. related to the irregularity and variability of the drop shape) in disdrometer-based measurements, such as throughfall, and serve as a valuable tool for validating widely used instruments. What is more, the use of camera set combined with a PTV module provides a full 3D mapping of the trajectory of falling drop, allowing insight into the velocity components (the vertical component, Vy, and horizontal components, Vx and Vz) of individual drops, which could be important in the case of drops whose flight has been disturbed by wind.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"53 1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the propagation characteristics of meteorological drought to hydrological drought using a three-dimensional method","authors":"Xiaoli Yang, Lingfeng Xie, Ding Luo, Zhoubing Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133930","url":null,"abstract":"In the context of global warming, extreme drought events have become increasingly frequent, resulting in serious losses to industrial and agricultural production. To address drought risks and mitigate substantial impacts, it is essential to study the changes in drought characteristics under climate change. However, traditional drought identification methods based on grid data are inadequate to capture the developmental characteristics of drought events. Therefore, we need to adopt a three-dimensional (3D) drought identification method to describe the evolution of drought events. We improved the existing 3D drought identification and matching processes and constructed a Drought Characteristic Propagation Index (DCPI), by comparing the drought characteristics between historical and future periods. This allowed us to compare the drought propagation characteristics in the Yellow River Basin across historical and future periods and discuss their robustness. Results indicate that: (1) The improved 3D drought identification method can solve the drought identification continuity problem of 25.3% meteorological drought and 39.8% hydrological drought respectively. (2) The meteorological drought in the SSP370 scenario is most likely to cause hydrological drought based on the multi-model ensemble., In the future, drought will show an intensifying trend. The intensity conversion efficiency of drought in the future will increase by 64.3%, and the area conversion efficiency will increase by 54.2%, which are higher than those in the historical period (3) There are some differences between the results of multi-model set and single model, but both show that drought propagation is enhanced compared with the historical period.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term carbon dioxide dynamics variability at submerged macrophyte habitat of a subtropical shallow lake","authors":"Lei Hong, Cheng Hu, Minliang Jiang, Xuejing Shi, Juhua Luo, Qitao Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133950","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged macrophytes are widespread and deemed fundamental components particularly in shallow lakes. They play a pivotal role by rendering essential ecosystem services, however, their roles in governing the carbon dioxide (CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf>) budget remain controversial and unclear, likely posing a significant challenge to the comprehensive understanding of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> cycling within lake ecosystems. To fill the knowledge gaps, the dynamic variability of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> within the submerged macrophytes habitats in a shallow subtropical lake located in eastern China was comprehensively investigated based on long-term (2005–2017) field measurements span different seasons. The findings revealed that the submerged macrophytes habitats were characterized by superior water quality, manifested as low nutrient loadings, reduced algal biomass, and heightened water clarity, when juxtaposed with open water regions of the lake devoid of macrophytes. The long-term measurements demonstrated that the submerged macrophytes habit functioned as relatively low CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> source, with an annual mean emissions flux of 13.55 ± 9.20 mmol m<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−2</ce:sup> d<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>. The presence of macrophytes and good water quality (e.g. low nutrient loadings) likely contributed to low emissions within submerged macrophyte habitat via increasing CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> fixation and reducing CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> production, respectively. The temporal fluctuations in CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions from submerged macrophyte habitats were closely associated with water clarity, which in turn highlighted the role of water quality in determining CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> variability within submerged macrophyte habitats. Furthermore, the long-term measurements uncovered significant inter-annual variations in the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> emissions, highlighting the critical importance of long-term measurements to derive unbiased estimates of the CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> budgets within the submerged macrophyte habitats of inland lakes.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144670049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal heterogeneities in hydrologic dynamics across the Asian Water Tower","authors":"Saugat Aryal, Yadu Pokhrel","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133951","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a multi-decadal (1979–2018) analysis of hydrologic changes across the entire Asian Water Tower (AWT) region, using high-resolution hydrological-hydrodynamic modeling. We find significant spatiotemporal heterogeneity in hydrological trends across the AWT basins, characterized by diverse changes in river discharge, water storage, flood regimes, and terrestrial water storage (TWS) dynamics. Western basins such as the Amu Darya and Tarim show increasing flood risks (up to ∼60 % increase in flood occurrence) and significant snow water equivalent (SWE) contributions to TWS (up to ∼41 %), while central basins are transitioning to regions of increasing water scarcity with strong subsurface storage contribution evident in the Ganges (up to ∼79 %). The dominance of subsurface storage reaches its peak in the eastern basins, where the Yangtze and Yellow River exhibit the highest proportions (∼78 % and ∼83 % respectively), with the Yangtze further distinguished by a notable river storage contribution (∼21 %). In contrast, southeastern basins including the Mekong, Irrawaddy, and Salween present complex, temporally varying patterns that defy simple categorization. These findings highlight the complex interplay of surface and subsurface processes in the AWT, underscoring the need for basin-specific approaches in water resource management and climate change adaptation strategies.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"282 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convective dissolution in layered porous media with application to CO2 geological sequestration: Experimental and numerical insights into layering configuration and interface angle","authors":"Didi Li, Yizhen Chen, Suihong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133952","url":null,"abstract":"Convective dissolution is crucial for the secure and permanent sequestration of CO<ce:inf loc=\"post\">2</ce:inf> within deep saline aquifers. Despite the prevalence of inclined stratified formations at potential sequestration sites, there is a lack of systematic investigations about the combined effects of layering configurations and inclination angles on convective dissolution. This study endeavored to bridge this gap by conducting a series of laboratory experiments complemented by numerical simulations. The aim was to elucidate the impact of various inclination angles on convective mixing within diverse stratified structures. Our findings revealed that within stratified formations, phenomena such as finger accumulation and enhanced finger merging at decreasing-permeability interfaces co-occurred with typical fingering patterns in homogeneous media. Additionally, an amplified shielding effect was observed in increasing-permeability formations. Within our research scope, a more significant permeability contrast between layers was found to result in more pronounced variations in convective dissolution characteristics, without altering their inherent pattern. Inclined interfaces within stratified formations were found to further intensify the accumulation of leading fingers at decreasing-permeability interfaces and to facilitate penetration across increasing-permeability interfaces, with these effects being more pronounced at steeper angles. In our study, the average mass flux at interface was considerably higher in configurations with decreasing permeability, diminishing as the interface angle increased. These findings suggest that in practical carbon geological storage applications, employing layers with decreasing permeability and less steep interface angles, coupled with a higher permeability contrast between layers, could enhance the efficiency of dissolution sequestration within inclined stratified layers. This study provides critical insights into the optimization of carbon sequestration strategies within inclined, multi-layered saline aquifers, highlighting the importance of layer configuration and interface geometry in the convective dissolution process.","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144669959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}