Journal of Hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Improving parameter regionalization learning for spatialized differentiable hydrological models by assimilation of satellite-based soil moisture data","authors":"Mouad Ettalbi ,&nbsp;Pierre-André Garambois ,&nbsp;Ngo-Nghi-Truyen Huynh ,&nbsp;Patrick Arnaud ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Ferreira ,&nbsp;Nicolas Baghdadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and high-resolution hydrological models are crucially needed, especially for important socioeconomic issues related to floods and droughts, but are faced with data and model uncertainties which can be reduced by maximizing information integration from multisource data. This work focuses on improving the integration of satellite and in situ land surface data into spatially distributed hydrological models. The Hybrid Data Assimilation and Parameter Regionalization (HDA-PR) approach incorporating learnable regionalization mappings, based on neural networks into the differentiable spatially distributed hydrological model SMASH, is modified to account for satellite-based moisture maps in addition to discharge at gauging stations and basin physical descriptors maps. Regional optimizations of a spatially distributed conceptual model are performed on a flash-flood-prone area located in the South of France, and their accuracy and robustness are evaluated in terms of simulated discharge and moisture against observations. In general, the integration of satellite-derived soil moisture data alongside traditional observed streamflow measurements during calibration procedures has demonstrated notable improvements in hydrological performance, both in terms of simulated discharge and moisture. This is achieved thanks to an improved learning of regionalization of model conceptual parameters with HDA-PR integrating satellite-based moisture through the RMSE metric adapted to a spatially distributed model with variational data assimilation. This study provides a solid foundation for advanced data assimilation of multi-source data into learnable spatially distributed differentiable geophysical models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133300"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143886908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A formula for quantifying the overflow discharge capacity of street inlet in a surcharged urban drainage system","authors":"Zheng Xu ,&nbsp;Junqiang Xia ,&nbsp;Qijie Li ,&nbsp;Jiheng Feng ,&nbsp;Boliang Dong","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133386","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133386","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate determination of overflow discharge between urban surface runoff and underground pipe flow is essential for urban drainage system design, flood modelling, disaster risk identification and reduction. However, due to the geometrical complexity of drainage systems and the paucity of localized data, current understanding and quantification of overflow discharge characteristics are insufficient in surcharged urban drainage systems. To study the underground pipe-to-surface overflow discharge, a large-scale laboratory platform of urban flooding was constructed, with various monitoring instruments being installed, which mainly consists of a drainage system of street surface runoff and underground pipe flow, and a water supply system. A total of 90 experimental runs for the overflow discharge capacity of street inlet were conducted in this platform, and the characteristics of overflow discharge under a steady state were investigated, which considered the geometrical design of a typical street grate inlet and the underground pipe-to-surface flow conditions at the exchange zone. The flow dynamics within the surcharged drainage system were characterized, the general overflow patterns of the manhole-inlet structure can be classified into three stages, including non-surcharged free pipe flow, transition flow, and surcharged full flow patterns. It is also found that the overflow discharge capacity of street inlet was positively correlated with a head difference between the surface runoff surrounding the grate and the underground pipe flow. In addition, a formula for calculating the overflow discharge capacity of street inlet was proposed, based on a power function which was derived between the relative overflow velocity and the Euler number of the manhole-inlet. The dimensionless coefficients <em>a</em> and <em>b</em> in the formula were calibrated using the laboratory measurements. Further, the proposed formula was validated against different laboratory experimental measurements, with high coefficients of determination (<em>R</em>² &gt; 0.95), which constituted a novel valuable dataset for the validation of urban flooding models and urban flood risk management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133386"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143894468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Displacement prediction and failure mechanism analysis of rainfall-induced colluvial landslides","authors":"Yabo Li,&nbsp;Xinli Hu,&nbsp;Haiyan Zhang,&nbsp;Hongchao Zheng,&nbsp;Ningjie Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133361","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133361","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rainfall is the primary cause of colluvial landslides and constitutes approximately 80% of such events. Colluvial landslides are affected by seasonal rainfall patterns and typically exhibit progressive deformation. The causes of these landslides are complex and their destructive mechanisms cannot be controlled easily, thus resulting in catastrophic events. Accurate prediction of the displacement of rainfall-induced colluvial landslides is crucial for mitigating the associated risks. In this study, we consider the Wufeng landslide as an example to elucidate quantitative correlations between rainfall factors and deformation characteristics via the Spearman correlation analysis. Based on seven years of continuous displacement monitoring data, we develop a rainfall-induced colluvial landslide displacement prediction model using the improved complete integrated empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) method and a sparrow search algorithm (SSA)-optimized long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network. Furthermore, we examine the progressive deformation mechanisms of rainfall-induced accumulation landslides based on fluid–solid coupling simulations in FLAC3D, supplemented by field investigations and deformation monitoring. The results indicate that (1) cumulative rainfall over 22 d and effective rainfall over 28 d constitute the primary triggering factors for the Wufeng landslide; (2) the ICEEMDAN-SSA-LSTM hybrid model demonstrates outstanding predictive accuracy for rainfall-induced displacement patterns, particularly in characterizing the correlation between intermittent displacements and rainfall signatures; (3) the pipe network infiltration system in the Wufeng landslide establishes preferential seepage pathways, where coupled fluid–solid interactions between infiltration pressure and anti-sliding resistance generate a distinctive “preferential flow–subduction–resistance” deformation sequence. These findings provide a theoretical basis for enhancing early warning systems for rainfall-induced colluvial landslides and offer a new perspective for analyzing water-related landslide deformations worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133361"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143881975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of percolation-based effective-medium approximation to electrical conductivity in porous media with surface conduction","authors":"David McLachlan ,&nbsp;Meysam Ramezani ,&nbsp;Robert Horton ,&nbsp;Behzad Ghanbarian","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133384","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133384","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electrical conductivity, <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span>, has been widely used to estimate hydraulic conductivity in porous media as well as to interpret subsurface low- and high-conductivity zones. <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> in a porous medium is impacted by the complicated relationship between the surface conductivity of solids, as the low-conductivity component which is significant at dry conditions, and bulk conductivity through the pore space, as the high conductivity component. As water saturation increases from completely dry to fully saturated, the effect of the bulk conductivity on electrical conductivity substantially increases. In this study, for the first time, we propose applications of a percolation-based effective-medium approximation (P-EMA) to describe the saturation dependence of <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> in porous media with significant surface conduction. The proposed P-EMA model estimates were compared to 16 data sets including three numerically simulated sets and thirteen measured sets. There was substantial agreement between the theory and the data, with scaling exponents ranging from 0.18 to 2.39, indicating non-universal behavior. The saturation-dependent <span><math><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math></span> values of packed clay loam soil samples were estimated with the P-EMA model. The P-EMA estimated values were in reasonable agreement with the measured values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133384"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attributing the divergent changes of drought from humid to dry regions across China","authors":"Yao Feng ,&nbsp;Fubao Sun ,&nbsp;Xiaoya Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133363","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133363","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Different drought indices can significantly influence our understanding of drought dynamics, particularly as evaporative demand intensifies with ongoing warming. This study investigated long-term drought variations across China using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardized Precipitation-Evaporation Index (SPEI). Additionally, we attributed divergent drought dynamics to climate and vegetation variations by applying Multivariate Nonlinear Regression models and Random Forest models. From 1982 to 2022, SPI exhibited a significant wetting trend (0.05/decade, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), while SPEI transitioned from wetting to a drying trend in 1993, followed by a significant drying trend (−0.19/decade, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), particularly in arid regions. The two indices were highly correlated in humid regions (<em>r</em> = 0.89–0.94) but showed weaker correlations in arid regions (<em>r</em> = 0.57–0.81). The influence of climate variables on SPEI increased progressively from humid (87.6 %) to hyper-arid (95.6 %) regions. Precipitation and relative humidity were the most influential factors in humid and non-humid regions, respectively. While the combined effects of precipitation and relative humidity on SPEI were dominant in most regions, relative humidity and minimum temperature played a more significant role in arid and hyper-arid regions. Stronger drought-vegetation coupling was observed in humid (32.8 %) and hyper-arid (32.5 %) regions. Notably, SPEI was sensitive to evaporation and transpiration in densely vegetated humid regions, while in sparsely vegetated hyper-arid regions, transpiration was the dominant factor. These findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate drought indices based on regional climatology to enhance drought monitoring and support agricultural and water management strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133363"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting annual peak daily streamflow in natural basins using quantile regression forests","authors":"Kwan-Hyuck Kim ,&nbsp;Konstantinos M. Andreadis ,&nbsp;Fiachra O’Loughlin","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood risk is characterized by flood inundation areas influenced by hydroclimatic extremes such as peak streamflow events. Predicting peak streamflow discharge in ungauged basins upstream of dams or reservoirs is critical for forecasting inflows, aiding operational management, and mitigating downstream flood risk. We developed a Quantile Regression Forest (QRF) model to predict annual peak daily streamflow in ungauged basins, incorporating uncertainty quantification and variable influence analysis. The model integrates continental-scale data from PRISM, GAGES-II, NWIS Streamflow, and NLCD for the CONUS. Through hyperparameter tuning and recursive feature elimination (RFE), we optimized the QRF model to achieve an adjusted R² of 0.768 with low SMAPE scores (20.512% overall, median 9.444). Results reveal peak precipitation as the dominant driver of flood magnitude (<span><math><mo>&gt;</mo></math></span>50% importance) in streamflow prediction, alongside significant contributions from other explanatory variables. The model effectively captures hydrological relationships and achieves realistic calibration to observed conditions. This approach provides actionable insights for water resources management and flood risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133233"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of transport and deposition behavior and mechanisms of micro-nano-bubbles in porous media","authors":"Yazhou Cao ,&nbsp;Dantong Lin ,&nbsp;Zhen-Yu Yin ,&nbsp;Liming Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133379","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133379","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Micro-nano-bubbles (MNBs) offers a sustainable solution for remediating organics-contaminated groundwater. The transportation of MNBs in idealized porous media systems has been investigated through a series of experiments to deepen the understanding of MNBs migration. Based on an evaluation of the stability of MNBs, it was determined that dissolved gas concentration can serve as an indirect means for measuring MNB concentration. A 2D microfluidic chip was developed to simulate porous media formed by uniform-sized particles, allowing for direct observation of the retention mechanisms of MNBs. The results indicated that MNB retention primarily occurs through surface deposition (above 99 %), with minimal evidence of hydrodynamic bridging. Column experiments using glass beads and quartz sand as porous media were conducted at 20 ± 0.5 °C to assess the effects of particle size and gradation of porous media and groundwater chemistry on MNB transport and deposition. For glass beads with a particle size of 0.5 mm, the retention rate of injected MNBs (with an average size of 235 nm) in the porous medium increased from 47.04 % to 59.43 % with decreasing flow rate (from 7.81 × 10^-2 cm/s to 1.95 × 10^-2 cm/s). Tests performed with different types of porous media demonstrated that at a flow rate of 3.91 × 10^-2 cm/s, irregular quartz sand had a greater ability to capture MNBs (55.07 %) than uniformly shaped glass beads (49.10 % for 0.5 mm glass beads and 42.04 % for 1.5 mm glass beads). Decreases in groundwater pH and increases in NaCl concentratrion influenced MNB migration by reducing the absolute value of the zeta potential of both the MNBs and the porous media. A convection–dispersion model, incorporating attachment and detachment processes, was successfully fitted to the breakthrough curves of MNBs under various experimental conditions. The <em>R</em>² obtained from the fit exceeding 0.96 in all cases, further indicating that surface deposition is the dominant mechanism of MNB retention. This study provides valuable insights into transportation behavior of MNBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133379"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geochemical pattern, quality and driving forces of multi-layer groundwater in a high-capacity mining area basin: A comprehensive analysis based on the interweaving of multiple factors","authors":"He Cui ,&nbsp;Limin Duan ,&nbsp;Hao Pan ,&nbsp;Tingxi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133376","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133376","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A comprehensive understanding of groundwater geochemical patterns and water quality in mining area basins is essential for achieving a sustainable balance between coal extraction and water resource management. However, the driving mechanisms governing groundwater geochemistry across different aquifers remain unclear, posing significant challenges for groundwater assessment and management. To address this issue, this study proposed a comprehensive analytical framework of hydrochemical and isotopic analysis, self-organizing map (SOM), PHREEQC simulation, Positive matrix factorization (PMF) source resolution model, water quality assessment and conceptual model to systematically reveal and quantify the geochemical driving mechanisms of multi-layer groundwater and evaluate its water quality suitability. The results showed that the intertwined influences of natural and human factors jointly shape the complex geochemical pattern of groundwater in the mining area basin. The phreatic groundwater exhibits low ion concentrations, and its water quality is predominantly classified as “Excellent” (EWQI &lt; 25) to “Good” (25 &lt; EWQI &lt; 50) based on the Entropy Weight Quality Index (EWQI), with hydrochemical types dominated by Ca-HCO₃ and Ca-HCO₃·SO₄. In contrast, confined groundwater and mine water display higher ion concentrations, with water quality predominantly categorized as “Medium” (50 &lt; EWQI &lt; 100) and “Extremely poor” (150 &lt; EWQI), primarily characterized by Na + K·Ca-SO₄ type water. These differences are driven by formation lithology and runoff conditions, which regulate the extent and nature of water–rock interactions. Additionally, cation exchange plays a dominant role in altering hydrochemical characteristics when Zhiluo Formation confined groundwater rapidly recharges mine water through water-conducting fractures. This geochemical evolution must be carefully considered when identifying mine water sources. Moreover, human-induced factors, such as coal gangue and tailings disposal, domestic sewage, livestock waste, and agricultural fertilization, contribute to the enrichment of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>SO</mtext><mrow><mtext>4</mtext></mrow><mtext>2-</mtext></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mtext>Na</mtext></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mrow><mtext>K</mtext></mrow><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mtext>Cl</mtext></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msup></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>NO</mtext><mrow><mtext>3</mtext></mrow><mtext>-</mtext></msubsup></mrow></math></span>, leading to the deterioration of local phreatic groundwater quality. The study enhances the capability to identify geochemical driving factors in groundwater systems of mining areas, and provides a transferable analytical framework for sustainable groundwater management in similar mining areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133376"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatially moving non-uniform rainstorms may exacerbate urban flooding disasters","authors":"Desheng Meng ,&nbsp;Yaoxing Liao ,&nbsp;Zifeng Deng ,&nbsp;Yuhong Chen ,&nbsp;Chengguang Lai ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Chen ,&nbsp;Zhaoli Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133374","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133374","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With global climate change and the continuous progress of urbanization, urban rainstorms and flood disasters occur frequently, threatening social and economic development and the safety of residents’ lives and properties. Urban flood is influenced by the spatial and temporal structure of rainstorms, but the potential impact of spatial variability in rainstorms is often ignored or simplified in urban flood assessments. In this study, we developed a spatially moving synthetic rainstorm model that generates spatially non-uniform rainstorm fields. Using this model, we applied the SWMM/LISFLOOD-FP coupled model to investigate how spatially non-uniform rainstorm distributions impact urban flood inundation processes across various return periods, movement directions and speeds. The results show that: (1) When the rainstorm center is located downstream in the basin, the inequality of flood peak discharge increases, with peak times advancing by an average of 15–30 min. The inundation area and flood volume expand substantially, averaging 1.2 times and 1.63 times larger than under spatially uniform rainstorms, respectively, thus exacerbating flooding within the study region; (2) Spatially moving non-uniform rainstorms significantly affect flood peak discharge, peak occurrence time, inundation area and flood volume compared to spatially uniform rainstorms. The direction of the moving rainstorm center causes the peak flow to occur 10–30 min earlier or later. Direction 3 (southeast-northwest) expands the inundation area and flood volume by 1.13 times and 1.6 times, respectively, while direction 7 (north–south) increases them by just 0.15 times and 0.51 times, respectively; (3) The movement speed of the rainstorm center also significantly impacts the inundation area. At 2 m/s, direction 3 experiences the largest increase, with an average growth of 1.13 times compared to spatially uniform rainstorms. At 3 m/s, direction 3 still shows the largest increase, though slightly reduced, with an average growth of only 0.83 times. Meanwhile, direction 7 sees the smallest increase, but performs slightly better at 3 m/s, with an average growth of 0.47 times. The increase in rainstorm movement speed causes the largest variation in inundation area under direction 3, where the difference grows from 129.25 ha in 1a to 243.12 ha in 100a. These findings highlight the importance of considering both the movement direction and speed of rainstorms in urban flood risk assessments and can provide an important reference for future urban flood warning, disaster prevention and mitigation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143870520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hybrid runoff model improves daily peak flow simulation in arid and semi-arid basins","authors":"Gang Zhou ,&nbsp;Qiudong Zhao ,&nbsp;Siyu Ma ,&nbsp;Shiqiang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The representation of runoff generation is a core component of hydrological process modeling. Hybrid runoff models, which integrate both saturation-excess and infiltration-excess runoff mechanisms, are considered more comprehensive and better representatives of actual runoff processes. However, the quantitative impacts of different hybrid runoff models on runoff simulation in arid and semi-arid regions remain unclear. This study employs numerical experiments and watershed hydrological modeling to analyze the differences in runoff generation calculations caused by structural variations among different runoff models. Three hybrid runoff models were coupled with the VIC-CAS model to compare their daily runoff simulation performance in two basins in northwest China. The results reveal that runoff calculations in hybrid runoff models are influenced by both rainfall intensity and soil moisture. When rainfall intensity exceeds the soil infiltration capacity, hybrid runoff models increase total runoff due to the generation of more infiltration-excess runoff, particularly under low soil moisture conditions. Daily discharge simulations in the study watersheds show that hybrid runoff models and saturation-excess runoff models perform similarly under snowmelt, ice melt, and low-intensity rainfall conditions. However, during high-intensity rainfall events, hybrid models better capture peak flow, while saturation-excess runoff models underestimate peak flow due to the neglect of infiltration-excess runoff. In snowmelt-dominated watersheds, seasonal runoff patterns are observed: the snowmelt runoff process resembles the saturation-excess mechanism in spring, whereas it exhibits characteristics of the hybrid runoff mechanism during heavy rainfall events in summer. Hybrid runoff models demonstrate greater potential for simulating peak flow and are better suited to adapt to changes in surface water input forms and intensities in arid and semi-arid regions, showing greater robustness. Additionally, accurate representation of rainfall intensity is critical for calculating infiltration-excess runoff in hydrological modeling. This study underscores the importance of hybrid runoff models in improving the physical basis of runoff mechanisms and reducing simulation uncertainties, providing valuable insights for hydrological modeling in arid and semi-arid regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":362,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology","volume":"660 ","pages":"Article 133366"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143874492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}