Basin Research最新文献

{"title":"Fluid Pathways and Sources Driving Recurring Pockmark Formation on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand","authors":"Fynn Warnke, Ingo A. Pecher, Lorna J. Strachan, Jess I. T. Hillman, Gareth Crutchley","doi":"10.1111/bre.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70143","url":null,"abstract":"Pockmarks are geomorphological depressions observed in diverse marine environments, typically associated with fluid release from subsurface reservoirs. In addition to seafloor features, buried paleo‐pockmarks offer valuable records of past fluid escape events. However, the processes, fluid types and conditions controlling their formation and recurrence remain poorly constrained. This study examines potential subsurface fluid sources and pathways that contribute to the cyclic formation of a prominent pockmark field located on the southwestern Chatham Rise, offshore New Zealand. Previous geochemical analyses have revealed no evidence for biogenic or thermogenic methane in the shallow subsurface, necessitating alternative interpretations of the fluid source(s). Here, we use quasi‐3D multichannel seismic reflection data to examine the relationship between subsurface fluid flow pathways and spatio‐temporal pockmark distribution. A polygonal fault system (PFS), characterized by low fault network connectivity and preferential fault orientations, indicates the influence of the regional stress field. Additionally, a distinct, discordant reflection with relatively high‐amplitude, interpreted as a diagenetic front, is hosted within the PFS. Vertically extensive faults extend above the PFS and align spatially with basement faults, forming West–East trending half‐grabens that may provide pathways for buoyancy‐driven fluid migration. However, spatial pattern analysis reveals no statistically significant spatial association between pockmarks and faults, indicating primarily diffuse fluid flow in the upper subsurface. Generally, the upslope extent of pockmarks on the Chatham Rise appears to be lithologically controlled and coincides with the limit of the PFS in underlying strata. Recurring pockmark formation is interpreted to reflect a combination of compaction‐related dewatering during polygonal faulting and silica diagenesis, coupled with deeply sourced, possibly CO <jats:sub>2</jats:sub> ‐rich fluids from subducted limestones migrating along basement structures. These findings are combined into a conceptual model of the subsurface fluid flow system, offering new insights into the controls on recurring pockmark formation in non‐hydrocarbon settings.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148883872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning From Crushing Failures: Changes in Physical Properties Reveal the Mechanics of Submarine Carbonate Landslides","authors":"Yan Li, David M. Hodgson, Jeff Peakall, Nan Wu, Mike Clare","doi":"10.1111/bre.70141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70141","url":null,"abstract":"Calcareous ooze represents the most widespread seafloor sediment, and its elevated water content and high compressibility can lead to the formation of weak layers, thereby increasing slope instability and submarine landslide risk. However, understanding of submarine landslide processes and evolution is hindered by the lack of knowledge of changes in the physical properties of sediments during failure. Here, we address this by documenting failed and unfailed physical properties of a weak layer by integrating two Ocean Drilling Program cores with three‐dimensional seismic reflection data from the Exmouth Plateau, offshore northwest Australia. The basal shear zone of two &gt; 40‐km‐long submarine carbonate landslides was mapped into adjacent undisturbed sediments, where it is characterised by elevated water content and porosity, and recognised as a weak layer. The weak layer coincides with a foraminifera‐rich succession capped by a clay‐enriched nannofossil‐rich zone. Our results suggest that the formation of the weak layer is related to enhanced clay fraction transport into the deep‐water basin, due to onshore weathering, forming a low‐permeability zone above the water‐rich foraminifera‐abundant succession. This elevated‐clay fraction leads to ‘excess’ water being preserved within chambered foraminifera shells, thus causing a weak layer. When the weak layer acts as the basal shear zone it shows, post‐landsliding, markedly lower water content, porosity and foraminifera content. Contractive shearing accounts for these changes in physical properties (dramatic loss in water content, porosity and foraminifera) during failure, through compacting the weak layer, crushing foraminifera and squeezing water out. Water could not escape to the seafloor, causing elevated pore pressure above the weak layer, and mechanically generating a water‐rich layer, and/or a water film that lubricated the base of the overriding landslide. Thus, the physical properties of calcareous ooze, including foraminifera percentage and weak layer distribution, need to be considered in future studies to improve submarine slope stability assessments.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148877273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance Constraints on Early India–Asia Collision: Evidence From the Late Cretaceous–Early Cenozoic Sulaiman–Katawaz Basin Fill","authors":"Nowrad Ali, Edward R. Sobel, Anne Bernhardt, Humaad Ghani, Muhammad Sajid, Mohibullah Mohibullah, Axel Gerdes, Jessica A. Stammeier, Johannes Glodny","doi":"10.1111/bre.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70142","url":null,"abstract":"The timing of the India <jats:italic>–</jats:italic> Asia collision along the western margin of the Indian Plate remains highly debated, with estimates ranging from 60 to 40 Ma, associated with different models for the sequence of collision events. To examine the collisional record along the western margin of the Indian Plate, we integrate detrital zircon U–Pb ages and Nd–Sr isotopic signatures with zircon and apatite (U–Th)/He and apatite fission track thermochronology. Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene strata (Pab and Ranikot formations) are characterised by detrital zircon populations dominated by Precambrian to early Palaeozoic grains (1 Ga–500 Ma), together with highly negative εNd <jats:sub>(0)</jats:sub> values (−17.2 to −12.6) and radiogenic <jats:sup>87</jats:sup> Sr/ <jats:sup>86</jats:sup> Sr ratios, indicating derivation from Indian‐affinity sources. Across the Palaeocene–Eocene transition and into the Early Eocene, the first appearance of younger zircon populations (178–55 Ma) in the Ghazij and Nisai formations coincides with a shift toward less negative εNd <jats:sub>(0)</jats:sub> values (−12.0 to −8.3) and lower <jats:sup>87</jats:sup> Sr/ <jats:sup>86</jats:sup> Sr ratios, recording the initial addition of Asian‐affinity material to a system still dominated by Indian‐margin sources. The proportion of younger zircon populations is low in the Early Eocene Ghazij Formation of the Sulaiman (∼1%–3% Cretaceous–Paleogene grains), but is higher in coeval Nisai strata of the Katawaz (∼13% 55–96 Ma population), and increases further in Oligocene units (Chitarwatta and Khojak formations), where Jurassic–Oligocene zircon populations (194–32 Ma) become more prominent. This progressive increase is matched by sustained trends toward less negative εNd <jats:sub>(0)</jats:sub> values and lower <jats:sup>87</jats:sup> Sr/ <jats:sup>86</jats:sup> Sr ratios, indicating an increasing contribution from Asian‐affinity sources through time. These observations are further supported by shifts in paleocurrent directions, changes in sedimentary facies, and Eocene ZHe cooling ages from the Sulaiman hinterland. The first arrival of Asian‐affinity detritus on the Indian Plate provides an important sedimentary constraint on the timing of India–Asia collision in this sector. Our results indicate that collision was likely underway by the Palaeocene–Eocene transition (~56 Ma), followed by continued convergence and progressive integration of sediment‐routing systems during the Eocene and younger intervals. These findings are consistent with an early Paleogene initiation of a single‐stage collision along the western margin of the Indian Plate and are difficult to reconcile with models proposing significantly younger or strongly diachronous collision.","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectono-Stratigraphic Evolution of a Shared Foreland Basin: A 3D Geomodel and Detrital Flux Reconstruction for the Pliocene-Pleistocene of the Po-Plain Basin (Northern Italy)","authors":"Barrera Daniel,&nbsp;Toscani Giovanni,&nbsp;Catellani Daniele,&nbsp;Meda Marco,&nbsp;Fantoni Roberto,&nbsp;Di Giulio Andrea","doi":"10.1111/bre.70138","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Po Plain Basin represents the shared foreland system of the Southern Alps and Northern Apennines belts, holding significant importance for geological research and energy resource management. We present a new basin-scale 3D geomodel of the Pliocene-Pleistocene succession, interpreted from an extensive dataset of seismic lines and well logs spanning the entire basin. This high-resolution model enables a detailed, quantitative analysis of tectonic deformation timing and sediment flux over the last 5 My. Analysis of the isobath and isochore maps documents that the Northern Apennines collision with the Southern Alps began in the early Pliocene, subsequently leading to the sequential fragmentation of the central foredeep into three distinct depocenters. Quantitative decompaction analysis revealed a very significant increase in sediment flux in the basin during the mid-Pleistocene despite a widespread decrease in tectonic activity. We propose that this increase was climate-driven, due to the combined effect of high-frequency, high-amplitude climate cyclicity predating the onset of major glaciations in the Alps and amplifying sediment supply. This work opens new questions about the age of transition from fluvial to glacial-dominated erosion in the Alps, and provides a new, quantitative tectono-sedimentary framework for the Po Plain, useful for better understanding the basin dynamics and consequent architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Astronomical Forcing–Driven Nonlinear Organic Carbon Burial and Lithofacies Evolution: Insights From Lacustrine Shale of the Funing Formation, Subei Basin, Eastern China","authors":"Xinyue Lin,&nbsp;Juye Shi,&nbsp;Jiahao Fan,&nbsp;Zhenwei Ge,&nbsp;Zhiqian Gao,&nbsp;Tailiang Fan,&nbsp;Quanyou Liu,&nbsp;Zhijun Jin","doi":"10.1111/bre.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Lacustrine organic carbon burial plays a critical role in the Earth's carbon cycle, yet its response mechanisms to multi-scale astronomical forcing remain poorly understood, particularly in mid- to low-latitude regions. This study focuses on the second member of the Funing Formation (E₁f₂) in Well QY-1, Qintong Sag, Subei Basin, eastern China, covering a depth interval of 3680–4060 m and an age range of 52.79–57.21 Ma. The interval was deposited in a mid– to low-latitude setting and is characterised by thick organic-rich shale successions. Based on these considerations, lithofacies subdivision and cyclostratigraphic analyses were therefore conducted to investigate the mechanisms by which astronomical orbital forcing controlled paleoclimate evolution, organic carbon burial and facies development. Spectral analysis identifies prominent orbital signals, including long eccentricity (405 kyr), obliquity (~40 kyr), precession (~20 kyr) and ~173 kyr cycle. Based on variations in sedimentation rate, E₁f₂ is subdivided into three subintervals (Intervals I–III). Interval II is characterised by relatively high sedimentation rates and persistent long-eccentricity and obliquity signals, both of which modulate the total organic carbon (TOC) burial. Notably, the ~173-kyr cycle is prominently expressed only in the TOC record and is absent from the GR record, which may reflect a nonlinear modulation of orbital forcing during organic carbon burial. We infer that a sedimentary threshold existed in the lacustrine depositional system, which played a regulating role in organic carbon burial and further amplified the ~173-kyr signal recorded in the TOC record. Based on the nonlinear response of organic carbon burial, as well as the organic matter abundance and structural characteristics of different lithofacies, we propose an astronomically forced lithofacies evolution model for lacustrine shale. This model provides a theoretical framework for lithofacies identification and evaluation of the most favourable organic-rich intervals in lacustrine shale successions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148767490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating Markov Chain Analysis, Cyclostratigraphy and Sequence Stratigraphy to Decipher the Oligo-Miocene Asmari Formation's Evolution in the Zagros Basin","authors":"Forough Abasaghi,&nbsp;Armin Omidpour,&nbsp;Zahid A. Khan","doi":"10.1111/bre.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings of this research are intended to help with reconstruction of paleoenvironmental and paleogeographic conditions of the Asmari Formation in the Oligo-Miocene (Chattian-Burdigalian), a siliciclastic-carbonate reservoir in the Zagros Basin. The study utilises a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating statistical methods and cyclostratigraphy analysis. Quantitative results from quasi-independence Markov chain analysis, combined with the Entropy model, suggest that the lithofacies types of the Asmari Formation exhibit a Markovian nature and represent symmetrical shallowing upward cyclicity. These cycles occurred on an inner, middle and outer ramp, forming a homoclinal carbonate ramp. Through cyclostratigraphy analysis of petrophysical logs, the study identified interactions among Earth's orbital parameters (eccentricity, obliquity, precession) within the Asmari Formation. Using a floating astronomical time scale, the calibrated ages indicate that the preserved stratigraphic record of the Asmari Formation in the studied wells spans approximately 4.05 to 5.26 Myr. Compared with the standard Chattian-Burdigalian timescale, this shortened duration indicates that the preserved Asmari succession represents an incomplete sedimentary record. The tracking of sea-level patterns by INPEFA led to the detection of four to five third-order sequences, supported by DYNOT median values. Obliquity evolution has been recorded in the Asmari Formation, with ~1.2 Myr cycles modulating cyclicities. These cycles were one of the main factors conducive to the development of third-order sequences. Sedimentation rate estimates, obtained through the integration of eCOCO and SM methods indicated the highest rate during the Chattian stage and the lowest in the Burdigalian. The study suggests that sediments in the Asmari successions were influenced by astronomically forced climate changes. However, the paleogeographic events related to the closuring of the Neo-Tethys Ocean were another inducing factor, especially in the Burdigalian.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to ‘Fault Migration and Basin Evolution During Complex Rifting: Examples From the Western North Gulf of Evia, Greece’","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/bre.70140","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70140","url":null,"abstract":"<p>\u0000 <span>Wood, J.</span>, <span>R. E. Bell</span>, <span>A. C. Whittaker</span>, et al. (<span>2026</span>). “ <span>Fault Migration and Basin Evolution During Complex Rifting: Examples From the Western North Gulf of Evia, Greece</span>.” <i>Basin Research</i> <span>38</span>, no. <span>4</span>: e70127. https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70127.\u0000 </p><p>The acknowledgements of the article has been updated and should read as follows: “This work received funding as part of the TALENTS doctoral network through the European Union's HORIZON-MSCA-2022-DN- 01 research and innovation program under grant agreement No. 101119486 (https://www.talents-dn.eu). J.W., A.W., R.E.B., H.K. and A.G. are beneficiaries of this grant. S.C. is funded by NERC grant NE/S007415/1 (Science and Solutions for a Changing Planet DTN). We are grateful to SLB for the provision of Petrel (Version 2024.4.0) for use in this project. We gratefully acknowledge the crews and scientific teams associated with the collection and curation of the WATER seismic reflection data used in this study and express our gratitude to the co-chief scientists of the WATER I and II campaigns, Virginie Gaullier and Louise Watremez; the Laboratory of Oceanology and Geosciences; and the French Oceanographic Fleet, without whom, data collection would not have been possible. This work has been financially supported by the European Union (ERDF), the French State, the French Hauts-de-France Region and Ifremer, within the framework of the CPER MARCO 2015–2021 project.”</p><p>In the Funding section, the funding information “This work has been financially supported by the European Union (ERDF), the French State, the French Hauts-de-France Region and Ifremer, within the framework of the CPER MARCO 2015–2021 project” was missing. The updated Funding section is as follows:</p><p>This work was supported by HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (101119486) and Natural Environment Research Council (NE/S007415/1). This work has been financially supported by the European Union (ERDF), the French State, the French Hauts-de-France Region, and Ifremer, within the framework of the CPER MARCO 2015–2021 project.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70140","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orbital-Driven Lake/Sea-Level Inverse Relationships on Greenhouse Earth: Evidence From the Chang 7 of the Triassic Yanchang Formation (Ordos Basin, China)","authors":"Hainan Zhang,&nbsp;Renchao Yang,&nbsp;A. J. (Tom) van Loon,&nbsp;Faqi He,&nbsp;Yang Li","doi":"10.1111/bre.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Astronomical forcing is widely recognized as a key driver of sedimentary cyclicity; however, its control on lacustrine hydrological changes—and the relationship of these changes to global sea-level fluctuations under greenhouse conditions—remains insufficiently understood. To better investigate these controls and their interrelationships, a high-resolution floating astronomical timescale spanning 7.676 million years was established for the Chang 7 member of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, which was deposited under greenhouse conditions. This timescale was constructed using the multi-taper method (MTM), correlation coefficient (COCO), evolutive correlation coefficient (eCOCO), and sedimentary noise modelling methods implemented in Acycle, as well as the average spectral misfit (ASM) method in the Astrochron toolkit. The timescale was obtained by tuning gamma-ray log data to the 405-ka eccentricity cycle. The astronomical forcing mechanisms of lake-level fluctuations and their relationship with global sea-level changes could thus be established. The lacustrine system showed a stable response to long-term modulations of Earth's orbital eccentricity and obliquity. The ~2.4-Myr eccentricity and ~1.2-Myr obliquity modulation cycles correspond closely with the lake-level fluctuations, demonstrating that the lacustrine system responded sensitively to Myr-scale orbital forcing. In the absence of polar ice sheets, the lacustrine hydrological system was highly sensitive to orbital obliquity, showing a stronger response than global sea-level variations. When orbital obliquity was high, increased precipitation at high latitudes boosted aquifer recharge, raising lake levels, while marine water sequestration into continental aquifers reduced ocean volume. The consequence was a rise in lake level but a drop in the sea level. It implies that orbital modulations, by altering mid- to high-latitude precipitation and groundwater recharge, can induce an inverse relationship between lake- and sea-level fluctuations. This supports the applicability of the aquifer–eustasy mechanism: lacustrine systems, as sensitive recorders of hydroclimatic changes, demonstrate long-term “hydrological memory”, capable of capturing regionally expressed water redistribution at orbital timescales. These findings provide new geological evidence for reconstructing the Middle to Late Triassic climate and hydrological evolution, and offer theoretical support for understanding the sea/lake system's coupling mechanisms under greenhouse conditions.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Source-Sink Response of Sustained Compression Setting in the Xingning Basin on the Southeastern Margin of the South China Block During the Early Cretaceous","authors":"Zhongjie Xu,&nbsp;Dazhi Xu,&nbsp;Weiyu Song,&nbsp;Yupeng Jiang","doi":"10.1111/bre.70136","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As three crucial tectonic models, continuous compression, continuous extension and alternating compression and extension have been adopted by scholars to interpret the complex tectonic setting induced by the westward subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate beneath the South China Block during the Cretaceous Period. To determine the tectonic model under which the Xingning Basin at the southeastern margin of the South China Block was deposited, this study selects the Upper Cretaceous Heshui Formation in the Xingning Basin as the research target, and carries out sedimentary facies analysis of the study area, and combined with detrital zircon U—Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry studies. The results indicate that the maximum depositional age of the Heshui Formation is the late Early Cretaceous Albian Stage, and the detrital zircons have two main age groups of 520–380 and 220–100 Ma. The detritus of this age group is mainly from the Wuyi Terrane, and part of it is from the Nanling Terrane, which was briefly uplifted in the late Early Cretaceous. The Paleoproterozoic detritus derived from the Dabie Orogenic Belt in the northern part of the South China Block. This study concludes that the eastern part of the South China Block was affected by subduction in the Early Cretaceous. Specifically, the inland areas experienced episodic compression, followed by a delamination event in the late Early Cretaceous, which triggered a tectonic transition from compression to extension. In contrast, the coastal areas of the South China Block experienced continuous compression, which lasted until the early Late Cretaceous.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthetic Seismic Data Generation for Deep Learning Segmentation of Clinoforms: Integrating Process-Based Forward Stratigraphic Modelling and Ray-Based Seismic Modelling","authors":"Waleed AlGharbi,&nbsp;Rebecca E. Bell,&nbsp;Cédric John","doi":"10.1111/bre.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1111/bre.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clinoform identification plays a major role in sequence stratigraphy and applied geosciences, offering key insights into sediment fluxes, basin evolution, and natural resource exploration. However, manual interpretation of clinoform geometries in seismic data is time-consuming and labour-intensive. This study proposes a deep learning framework to automate clinoform detection and segmentation. One of the greatest challenges of seismic interpretation with deep learning is the scarcity of labelled training data. To address this, we generated 20,000 synthetic seismic images using process-based forward stratigraphic modelling followed by ray-based seismic modelling, ensuring both geological realism and variability of data. The generated synthetic seismic images were split into training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) sets. The clinoform binary masks were labelled using the top and base layers from the forward stratigraphic models. Then, a YOLOv8m model was trained on this dataset, achieving 86% precision, 82% recall, and 83% Dice coefficient on segmenting clinoforms in the synthetic testing dataset. Qualitative validation on real seismic images confirmed accurate bounding box detection and segmentation of clinoform bodies. These results highlight the potential of deep learning to accelerate seismic interpretation, particularly during early scanning phases, where rapid clinoform analysis supports stratigraphic assessment and reservoir characterisation. The proposed workflow bridges the synthetic-to-real domain gap in seismic data, offering a scalable approach to train algorithms for advancing subsurface analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"38 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148687865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}