{"title":"Antarctic cooling and exhumation at the continental scale: a review","authors":"Xunxiao Zhang, Jian Chang, Nansheng Qiu, Chenxing Li, Xianyao Sun, Mengfei Zhang, Yue Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105716","url":null,"abstract":"Antarctica preserves spatially heterogeneous thermochronological records shaped by cratonic inheritance, arc- and rift-related tectonism, magmatism, and ice-sheet-modulated surface processes. Existing studies, however, are unevenly distributed and remain largely regional in scope, limiting direct comparison at the continental scale. Here we compile and standardize zircon and apatite fission-track (ZFT, AFT) and (U-Th)/He (ZHe, AHe) data from bedrock, drill-core, and detrital samples to establish a pan-Antarctic thermochronological synthesis. In this synthesis, the dataset is grouped into the East Antarctic cratonic background domain, a transitional thermochronological response domain that includes the Transantarctic Mountains, Shackleton Range, and Ellsworth Mountains, and the composite thermally active West Antarctic domain.","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":"105716"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Laxmi Chaulagain, Jasper Candel, W. Marijn van der Meij, Zoe Kleijwegt, Jakob Wallinga, Roy van Beek, Annegret Larsen
{"title":"Reconstructing phreatic palaeogroundwater levels: A methodological review","authors":"Laxmi Chaulagain, Jasper Candel, W. Marijn van der Meij, Zoe Kleijwegt, Jakob Wallinga, Roy van Beek, Annegret Larsen","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105712","url":null,"abstract":"Nature-based water management requires a clear understanding of baseline hydrological regimes. Reconstruction of Palaeogroundwater Level (PGWL) is emerging as an approach to determine past groundwater level as a mean to estimate ‘baseline’ or ‘pre-management’ conditions, thereby providing essential benchmarks to guide such interventions. However, methods for PGWL reconstruction remain fragmented across disciplines. This review synthesizes existing approaches of PGWL reconstruction across multiple disciplines, with a specific focus on phreatic groundwater systems, where water-table depth can be inferred from near-surface environmental archives and related proxies. Such aquifers are among the most vulnerable to depletion under global change. We present a range of reconstruction approaches grouped into three major categories: 1) Historical records provide direct evidence of hydrological condition from documented and measured sources; 2) Proxy methods rely on a combination of natural and anthropogenic geo-archives, including biological indicators, soils, sediment profiles, archaeological features, and geomorphological landforms; and 3) Model-based estimations use mathematical relationships to hindcast PGWLs. For each approach, we synthesize its theoretical foundations, evaluate its practical applicability and limitations, analyse its respective spatiotemporal scales, and illustrate its implementation with representative examples. By unifying scattered knowledge, we establish a critical guide for selecting appropriate reconstruction approaches tailored to specific contexts and objectives. We further propose an integration framework in which historical archives are used as evaluation and calibration datasets to strengthen proxy- and model-based reconstructions. This synthesis ultimately supports more resilient and nature-based water management strategies by providing robust methods for determining baseline conditions in unconfined groundwater systems.","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"88 1","pages":"105712"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G.E. Hilley, F. Aron, C.W. Baden, S.C. Dobbs, G. Long, A. Jackson, M. Sutton
{"title":"The volume balance of the Andean convergent margin and its control on coupling between surface processes and tectonics","authors":"G.E. Hilley, F. Aron, C.W. Baden, S.C. Dobbs, G. Long, A. Jackson, M. Sutton","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105701","url":null,"abstract":"Convergent-margin orogens exchange mass with the subducting plate, the mantle, and the sedimentary system, yet no complete volume balance has been quantified along an entire cordilleran margin. We compile and quantify all volumetric fluxes into and out of the orogenic crust — subduction-channel transfers, forearc accretion and tectonic erosion, mantle-derived magmatic addition, retroarc accretion, delamination, and erosional and solute export — for seven transects spanning ~8500 km of the Andes over the post-middle-Miocene (nominally 15–0 Ma) window, using an integral control-volume formulation that is agnostic to the internal strain path. Retroarc accretion of foreland crust is the largest input along most of the margin (K = 44–344 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> Myr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>; dominant in five of seven transects), exceeding mantle-derived magmatic addition, while forearc frontal accretion is negligible. Erosional export collapses by an order of magnitude from the humid northern segments to the arid south, flipping the net balance from approximately neutral in the north (dA/dt ≈ −39 to +63 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> Myr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) to strongly positive in the south (+105 to +387 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> Myr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>). In the central Andes the balance is bimodal: without delamination the plateau segments grow at +17 to +332 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> Myr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>, whereas sustaining the maximum published delamination flux implies losses (to −583 km<ce:sup loc=\"post\">2</ce:sup> Myr<ce:sup loc=\"post\">−1</ce:sup>) that are untenable over the long term, bounding the removal flux from above. Climate is thus a first-order control on the volume balance of cordilleran orogens, and coupling frameworks premised on forearc frontal accretion do not transfer to margins where mass enters at the retroarc.","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149084911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comment on “Super-reduced and ultra-high pressure minerals in ophiolites: A critical review and the case for meteorite impact” by","authors":"Zhiyun Lu, Jingsui Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105606","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earth-Science ReviewsPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-10DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105423
Giuseppe Betino De Toni
{"title":"Comment on “Revisiting the Dom Feliciano Belt and surrounding areas – An integrated geophysical and isotope geology approach” by Teixeira et al","authors":"Giuseppe Betino De Toni","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105423","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105423","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Teixeira et al. (2025) integrated previously published regional geophysical and geochronological data with new gravimetric surveys of the Dom Feliciano Belt (DFB) and surrounding areas. However, the paper contains a few inaccuracies and overlooks some publications that should be considered in a review. This comment aims to deepen the discussion by recognizing some data not considered in their paper, foccusing in a critical evaluation of (1) \"terrenology\" as a working philosophy in the context of DFB, considering (2) the authochtonous nature of major tectonic domains, (3) the non-continuity between Dorsal de Canguçu and Major Gercino shear zones, and (4) the controversial origin of hinterland batholiths either as post-collisional or magmatic arc.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 105423"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earth-Science ReviewsPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105424
C.D. Teixeira , T.J. Girelli , H. Serratt , F. Chemale Jr.
{"title":"Reply to Comment on “Revisiting the Dom Feliciano Belt and surrounding areas – An integrated geophysical and isotope geology approach”","authors":"C.D. Teixeira , T.J. Girelli , H. Serratt , F. Chemale Jr.","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105424","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105424","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This Reply addresses the Comment by De Toni (EARTH-D-25-01160) on our article “Revisiting the Dom Feliciano Belt and surrounding areas – An integrated geophysical and isotope geology approach” (Teixeira et al., 2025). We respond to points regarding: (1) the use of terrane terminology; (2) methodological differences in aerogeophysical interpretations; (3) the structural continuity between the Dorsal de Canguçu and Major Gercino Shear Zones; and (4) the nature of Ediacaran magmatic arcs. We maintain that the integrated geophysical and geochronological evidence presented in our original work provides a robust framework for understanding the complex tectonic evolution of southwestern Gondwana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 105424"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146160272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earth-Science ReviewsPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-06DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105420
X. Rui , D.S. Stamps
{"title":"Euler-pole clustering of GNSS velocities using unsupervised machine learning in the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau: Crustal block identification and the dominance of sinistral-slip faults","authors":"X. Rui , D.S. Stamps","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous studies have constrained fault slip rates and crustal block geometries of the Southeastern Tibetan Plateau (SETP) with contradictory results due to complex geodynamics and deformation patterns as well as subjective choices of crustal block boundaries. In this work, we address the issue of uncertain crustal block geometries by employing an unsupervised machine learning Euler pole clustering algorithm that automatically resolves regions that behave as rigid blocks (clusters) rotating on a sphere using GNSS velocity vectors. Optimal clustering results, determined by F-test and Euler-vector (angular velocity vector) overlap analyses, indicate 4 elongated crustal blocks exist in the SETP that are approximately parallel and delineated by a set of arcuate sinistral-slip faults. Our clustering results redefine the first-order kinematics of the SETP region with new crustal block definitions that elucidate the dominance of sinistral-slip faults.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 105420"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earth-Science ReviewsPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105418
Xiuling Ren , Fujun Niu , Degou Cai , Jing Luo , Qihao Yu , Minghao Liu , Guoan Yin , Zeyong Gao
{"title":"Moisture migration, ice lenses and frost heave characteristics of soils under one-dimensional freezing action: A critical literature review","authors":"Xiuling Ren , Fujun Niu , Degou Cai , Jing Luo , Qihao Yu , Minghao Liu , Guoan Yin , Zeyong Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil frost heave seriously threatens the stability of engineering structures and the normal operation of major infrastructures in cold regions. This paper aims to synthesize the development and state of the art in moisture migration, cryostructure, soil frost heave, as well as their underlying micro-mechanisms, impacting factors and simulation models. First, we provide a brief review on moisture migration, cryostructure and soil frost heave. Second, some microstructural experiments incorporate X-ray computed tomography (X-CT), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) were reviewed to elucidate the underlying micro-mechanisms. Third, impacting factors for soil frost heave covering soil intrinsic properties, testing and environmental conditions were summarized. Moreover, numerous frost heave models involving theoretical, numerical, and machine learning (ML) models were discussed. Then, we point out some limits and identify the direction of future efforts. Despite advances achieved through decades of researches, some issues remain in the research on the frost heave of the coarse-grained soils, and soils with admixtures. To solve these problems by performing one-dimensional (1D) freezing and microstructural experiments on these soils considering these factors, and establishing novel frost heave models. Overall, this review will provide significant references for further research on soil frost heave, and an important theoretical guidance for the prevention and control of the frost heave distresses of infrastructures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 105418"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Earth-Science ReviewsPub Date : 2026-05-01Epub Date: 2026-02-11DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105425
Ellen Wohl , Nikolai Maximenko , Rebecca Helm
{"title":"Global wood cascades from terrestrial sources to terrestrial, freshwater, and marine sinks","authors":"Ellen Wohl , Nikolai Maximenko , Rebecca Helm","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2026.105425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests cover nearly one third of Earth’s land. Dead, downed wood plays a critical role in the planet's physical, biogeochemical, evolutionary, and ecological processes. Wood from terrestrial source areas moves into freshwater and marine environments in wood cascades. Cascades embody a ‘source-to-sink’ approach emphasizing the details of connectivity between production and eventual recycling and can be applied at local to global scales. We lack quantitative studies of specific source-to-sink wood movement, including volumes of wood involved in the cascade, timespans of transport and storage, or partitioning of terrestrial wood from a particular forested area into diverse potential sinks. Characterizing wood cascades can highlight differences in wood dynamics from source to sink and identify geographically specific wood cascades disrupted by human activities, the potential consequences associated with this disruption, and strategies for mitigating the disruption. We review existing understanding of wood production at terrestrial sources, transport processes and rates in freshwater and marine settings, and wood abundance in sinks, and highlight knowledge gaps. Wood dynamics in forests and rivers are the best understood components of wood cascades. Global deforestation and freshwater and coastal management have drastically altered wood cascades. Despite the documented importance of wood, contemporary understanding of wood abundance and quantitative prediction of transport processes and pathways or wood accumulation sites is limited. An integrative conceptualization of wood from source to sink and research targeted at known gaps can advance our understanding of the importance of wood and inform efforts to manage wood for human and environmental benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"276 ","pages":"Article 105425"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146153125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}