Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Deciphering the behavior and fate of microplastics in coastal aquatic environments: A comprehensive review illuminating coastal dynamics and driving mechanisms","authors":"Xiaohan Yang ,&nbsp;Guohe Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaolong Geng ,&nbsp;Linxiang Lyu ,&nbsp;Huifang Bi ,&nbsp;Chunjiang An","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The coastal zone is a highly complex and dynamic interface connecting terrestrial, riverine, and marine ecosystems. Furthermore, the intricate interplay of physical, geochemical, biological, and hydrological processes in coastal aquatic environments adds to the complexity of the environmental behavior of microplastics (MPs). This review provides a comprehensive overview of the main features of coastal zones related to the behavior and fate of MPs at first. The recently reported MP fluxes from different watersheds to the coastal ocean are summarized, and the controversy in estimating riverine MP fluxes is discussed. It then summarizes the present knowledge of the environmental dynamics, eventual fate, interaction with other particles and organisms, and natural weathering of MPs in three types of highly distinctive coastal aquatic environments (coastal waters, estuarine waters, and coastal lagoons), along with their driving mechanisms. These findings are discussed by combining insights from the major coastal features related to hydrology, meteorology, topography, and geochemistry. The role of MP properties on the environmental behavior and fate of MPs is also addressed. Data-based analyses of changes in research trends, research types, and research perspectives were conducted to identify potential research gaps. Five existing knowledge gaps and future perspectives in terms of research subjects and research approaches are proposed to improve the evaluation of the coastal fate of MPs and develop potential mitigation strategies for MP pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105235"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144767105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sources and enrichment mechanisms of lithium, rubidium, and cesium in waters of magmatic-hydrothermal systems","authors":"Mingliang Liu ,&nbsp;Yanlong Kong ,&nbsp;Qinghai Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105241","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105241","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geothermal waters of magmatic-hydrothermal systems are typically characterized by high concentrations of lithium (Li), rubidium (Rb), and cesium (Cs), offering significant potential for resource utilization. However, their sources and enrichment mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study systematically compiles 1299 water samples from magmatic-hydrothermal systems worldwide, along with 194 representative samples from non-magmatic hydrothermal systems for comparative analysis. By examining these magmatic-hydrothermal systems under various tectonic settings, the study aims to elucidate the genesis and enrichment mechanisms of Li, Rb, and Cs. The concentrations of Li, Rb, and Cs in geothermal waters discharged from magmatic-hydrothermal systems range from below detection limits to as high as 480 mg/L, 170 mg/L, and 49.7 mg/L, respectively. In most cases, water-rock interaction is the primary source of these elements. Nevertheless, geothermal waters with exceptionally high Li, Rb, and Cs concentrations, particularly those with Cs significantly enriched relative to Rb, are influenced by magmatic fluids exsolved during advanced magmatic differentiation. At divergent plate boundaries, thin crust and limited mantle magma evolution result in low Li, Rb, and Cs concentrations and low Cs/Rb ratios. In intraplate hotspots, advanced magmatic evolution produces moderate concentrations and Cs/Rb ratios. In contrast, at convergent plate boundaries, complex subduction and magmatic processes drive significant enrichment, yielding exceptionally high Cs/Rb ratios. The enrichment of Li, Rb, and Cs involves multiple geological processes, including pre-enrichment during subduction-related dehydration, partial melting, magmatic differentiation, and geothermal water cycling. This study provides the first comprehensive summary of the sources and enrichment mechanisms of Li, Rb, and Cs in magmatic-hydrothermal systems, offering theoretical insights for geothermal resource development, rare metal exploration, and the coupling of deep Earth dynamics with surface geological systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105241"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144763659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How benthic animals responded to the Paleozoic plant terrestrialization: Evidence from trace fossils and their ecosystem engineering reconstruction","authors":"Li-Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Zongyan Wang ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Haiyan Chai ,&nbsp;Ruoying Fan ,&nbsp;Jiashu Wang ,&nbsp;Zhen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Paleozoic plant terrestrialization (PPT) represents a significant evolutionary event in geological history, documenting the colonization of terrestrial environments by plants and animals as well as the establishment of terrestrial ecosystems. Trace fossils, as a reliable interaction proxy between organisms and environments, not only provide a comprehensive record of the activities of early terrestrial organisms, but also offer valuable insights into the reconstruction of terrestrial ecosystems during the mid-late Paleozoic. This study presents a novel, systematic compilation of trace fossils across fully marine, marginal-marine and alluvial facies from the mid-late Paleozoic in three major blocks of China, that is, North China, South China, and Tarim, which occupied different latitudes during that time. This comprehensive compilation encompasses 427 stratigraphic units, and a total of 101 ichnogenera and 54 architecture designs. The study also reassessed several ichnological parameters, including ichnodiversity, ichnodisparity, tiering, as proxies for assessing the pacing of benthic ecosystem reconstruction following the PPT. The evolutionary trend of ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity across different regions and sedimentary environments was revealed and compared. Notably, decoupling ichnodiversity and ichnodisparity show a step-wise increasing trend during the Silurian–Devonian transition, reaching maximum values in siliciclastic supratidal to intertidal, marginal-marine, and alluvial settings during the Lochkovian, Pragian, and Emsian, respectively. Interestingly, along with the PPT, benthic animals were able to colonize new niches in shallow- and deep-marine environments from the nearshore and offshore settings. Environmental factors such as the fluctuations of paleoclimate changes and enhancement of continental weathering caused by PPT had probably triggered the transformative changes in the marine-terrestrial environment. The migration of <em>Zoophycos</em> from shallow-marine environment to marginal-marine and deep-marine environments during the mid-late Paleozoic, nominated as the <em>Zoophycos</em> diversification event, is presented as a proxy of PPT. From a macroevolutionary perspective, a global increase in seawater nutrients is anticipated to drive biological adaptations in organisms, allowing trace makers that are more adapted to the low-oxygen environments to prosper. This study provides novel insights into the innovation of benthic animal behaviors and PPT during the Paleozoic era.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105236"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144766885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A geological review of the Upper Carboniferous–Permian basins of Morocco: implications for paleoclimate and paleogeography","authors":"Amal Zouicha ,&nbsp;Khadra Zaid ,&nbsp;Jamal El Kabouri ,&nbsp;Tariq Zouheir ,&nbsp;Hafid Saber ,&nbsp;Ahmed El Attari ,&nbsp;Ausonio Ronchi ,&nbsp;Spencer G. Lucas","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of Upper Carboniferous to Permian basins in Morocco marks a key transitional phase between the waning Variscan orogeny and the onset of Alpine tectonics, offering critical insights into the configuration of Pangea. This study synthesizes sedimentological, tectonic, magmatic, and biostratigraphic data to refine the tectono-sedimentary and paleoclimatic evolution of these basins across the Western Meseta and the Paleozoic massif of the High Atlas. Traditionally considered products of a single tectono-sedimentary event, three diachronous depositional cycles are now recognized.</div><div>Cycle 1 (Upper Carboniferous) corresponds to the final stages of Variscan or pre-alpine phases deformation and is preserved in basins such as Sidi Kassem, Senhaja, and Oued Zat. It is characterized by grayish alluvial-fluvial deposits with thin coal seams rich in hydrophilic plants and the dominance of synapsid tracks, indicating humid conditions and strong faunal ties to Euramerica. Cycle 2 (Early Permian) developed during a pre-alpine transtensional phase with calc-alkaline magmatism. It features reddish fluvial-volcanic successions in basins like Khénifra and Mechra Ben Abbou. The spread of mesoxerophilous vegetation, dominance of anamniotes, and increasing reptile tracks alongside declining synapsid traces reflect seasonally dry to arid climates, yet continued Euramerican affinities. Cycle 3 (Middle–Upper Permian) reflects broader crustal extension and growing aridity, marked by alluvial and lacustrine carbonates in basins such as Koudiat El Hamra and Argana. The dominance of Reptile tracks confirm intensified aridity and biogeographic continuity.</div><div>Co-eval European basins underwent similar tectonic shifts from transtensional to extensional regimes. These changes aligned with a climatic trend toward increasing aridity and ecological adaptation. Fossil evidence confirms sustained biogeographic connections with Euramerica.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105240"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144750745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation mechanisms of pyrite in Earth's diverse geological systems","authors":"Li Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrite is ubiquitous across various geological systems in Earth's crust, spanning from sedimentary systems to hydrothermal, metamorphic, and magmatic systems. The widespread occurrences of pyrite make it a powerful tracer of geological processes, but effective applications require a thorough understanding of its formation mechanism. In sedimentary systems, pyrite is formed via reactions between Fe²⁺ and sulfides (H₂S_aq/HS⁻), typically through FeS_am/mc/aq intermediates that transform to pyrite via polysulfide or H₂S pathway. The polysulfide pathway is well-characterized, with the formation rates positively correlated with the concentrations of FeS_am, elemental sulfur, total sulfide, and H⁺, while the kinetics of the H₂S pathway remain controversial. Pyritization of metazoan and plant tissues during early diagenesis is another key mechanism. In hydrothermal systems, pyrite is formed through both precipitation from solutions and replacement/pyritization of Fe/S-bearing minerals such as sulfides, oxides, oxyhydroxides, and carbonates. Replacement is via a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation process, with the rate-limiting step (dissolution or precipitation) and the overall rate of pyrite formation controlled by precursor mineralogy, temperature, solution pH, and total sulfide concentration. In magmatic systems, pyrite is formed via exsolution from Monosulfide Solid Solution (MSS), subsolidus reactions involving Intermediate Solid Solution (ISS), precipitation from magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, replacements of pyrrhotite and/or pentlandite, and vapor deposition at volcanic fumaroles. Despite significant advances, some aspects of pyrite formation remain unclear. These include the evolution of Fe-S-bearing aqueous complex species before and after the precipitation of FeS_am/mc, the role and mechanisms of organic matter in pyrite nucleation, the kinetics and mechanisms of pyrite crystal growth, the rate and the hydrogen yield of the H₂S pathway, the kinetics and mechanisms governing pyrite formation from replacement of some precursor minerals. Future work need to address these gaps using synchrotron-based in-situ experimental setups and analytical techniques capable of providing time-resolved evolution of the mineralogy, phase proportions, and aqueous speciation during phase transformations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105234"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the spatial and temporal evolution of the Southeast Asian Tin Belt: Insights into recurrent tin mineralization","authors":"Xiang Sun ,&nbsp;Mingjun Zheng ,&nbsp;Tong Pei ,&nbsp;Pete Hollings ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Si ,&nbsp;Rongqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Southeast Asian Tin Belt is one of the world's most prolific tin-producing regions, comprising over 100 Sn deposits distributed across three granite provinces: the Eastern, Main Range, and Western Provinces. Despite its metallogenic significance, the spatiotemporal evolution of tin-associated granites and the mechanisms underlying recurrent tin mineralization across the entire belt remain unresolved. In this review, we integrate new and previously published U<img>Pb ages of cassiterite and zircon, trace element and Hf isotopic compositions of zircons, and bulk-rock geochemical data from key deposits and granites in southwestern China and Southeast Asia. Our results reveal six discrete episodes of tin mineralization from the Permian to Miocene. Permian (∼290–260 Ma) deposits in eastern Malaysia are associated with granites east of the Paleo-Tethys suture zone, whereas Triassic (∼240–200 Ma) deposits occur within the Main Range Province on both sides of the suture, extending from Indonesia through Malaysia and Thailand, to southwestern China. Cretaceous to Cenozoic (∼130–15 Ma) deposits in the Western Province are hosted by granites within the Sibumasu–Baoshan–Tengchong Block. Tin mineralization across the Southeast Asian Tin Belt reflects episodic remelting of a long-lived crustal inheritance comprising Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks that were intensely weathered but not significantly Sn-enriched. These melting events were episodically triggered by asthenospheric upwelling and slab dynamics during successive subduction–collision cycles involving the Paleo-, Meso-, and Neo-Tethys oceans and the India–Asia collision. Tin enrichment is closely associated with high degrees of magma fractionation and a redox evolution toward reducing conditions. The temporal synchronization of tin-forming events across provinces highlights substantial, underexplored metallogenic potential, particularly along intracontinental shear zones and in regions lacking documentation of Early Cretaceous tin systems. Our findings provide a geodynamic and geochemical framework for understanding recurrent tin mineralization in the Southeast Asian Tin Belt and analogous collisional orogens worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and significance of Reactive Oxygen Species in the subsurface","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chiheng Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaochuang Bu ,&nbsp;Man Tong ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Yingxiao Tian ,&nbsp;Hailiang Dong ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhou ,&nbsp;Andreas Kappler ,&nbsp;Philippe Van Cappellen ,&nbsp;T. David Waite ,&nbsp;Songhu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient and contaminant transformations, microbial dynamics and a range of biogeochemical processes in surficial environments including the atmosphere, surface waters, and oceans. In recent years, research in ROS has extended to the subsurface, hence, moving from predominantly photic, oxic and homogeneous environments into aphotic, anoxic and heterogeneous environments. In this review, we discuss the production mechanisms and significance of ROS in the subsurface. Production hotspots of ROS occur where O₂ is brought into contact with reduced species like ferrous iron and natural organic matter, hence creating thermodynamically unstable conditions. The time and space window for ROS production is therefore co-regulated by the reaction kinetics between O₂ and reduced species, with the latter acting as both ROS generators and consumers of long-lived ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and short-lived ROS such as hydroxyl radicals (<img>OH). The quantitative description of ROS cycling in subsurface environments is still in its early stages, however. Modeling of a pulsed groundwater O₂ intrusion yields the rates of <img>OH and H₂O₂ production of 0.003–0.049 and 0.09–2.52 mmol/h/kg dry soil/sediment, respectively. Advances in ROS analysis, footprint mapping and reactive transport modeling, as well as new knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of ROS production and cycling, would enable a more comprehensive assessment of the significance of ROS in subsurface biogeochemistry that, in turn, could benefit their potential applications, for example, in contaminant remediation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105230"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of the enigmatic pre-Variscan paleogeographic configuration of the western peri-Moesian realm (Carpathian-Balkans, eastern Serbia): An insight into Devonian small-scale continental and paleo-oceanic units","authors":"Darko Spahić ,&nbsp;Dragan Milovanović ,&nbsp;Bojan Kostić ,&nbsp;Lidja Kurešević ,&nbsp;Pavle Tančić","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105227","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Carpathian-Balkans provide insight into how two distinct but limited-sized north Gondwanan ribbon-shaped paleocontinents interacted prior to the Variscan Devonian collisional onset: (i) the drifted “Carpathian-Balkan microcontinent” (Serbo-Macedonian/Supragetic/Getic(Kučaj)) and (ii) the already amalgamated Avalonian Danubian-Moesian basement fragment with its Devonian suture elements. These two crustal fragments were separated by the intervening Rheic Ocean during the Devonian. Despite the investigated eastern Variscan collisional assembly being stacked near the overprinted promontory of the East European Craton, its sliced basement segments and their Devonian record are well exposed in eastern Serbia. The synthesis reveals that the sliced Carpathian-Balkan inliers play a crucial role in understanding the lithospheric-scale movement of smaller continental terranes from north Gondwana and their suturing modes related to the surrounding Paleozoic oceans. An analysis of geochemical, paleogeographic, and regional geological data reveals that continental and oceanic paleoenvironments existed prior to and during the Devonian period, merging with the already amalgamated Danubian block and the Moesian microplate. Nonetheless, despite the well-preserved Devonian record found in eastern Serbia, the Romanian South Carpathians, and western Bulgaria, only a limited number of reconstructions clarify the pre-Variscan tectono-paleogeographic setting.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;After a few rift-drift cycles connecting north Gondwana and southern Laurussia, the tectonic transport of Cadomian to Cenerian peripheral terranes from northern Gondwana begun with the post-Ordovician rifting off. The rifting led to the formation of narrow, elongated crustal segments. The outboard Lower Paleozoic ribbon-shaped paleocontinent, including its Carpathian-Balkan continental fragment, occupied a position between two principal Paleozoic oceans. On the southern flank of the exotic narrow Lower Paleozoic microcontinent, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of a continental extension of Devonian age, likely associated with the adjacent Paleotethyan Ocean. The synthesis further demonstrates that the volcano-sedimentary protoliths of Devonian-aged greenschist facies rocks, which traverse the continental Serbo-Macedonian/Supragetic/Getic Devonian microcontinent, serve as markers of Early Devonian (back-arc) rifting. On its opposite Eurasian flank towards Danubian/Moesia, following the accumulation of Silurian–Early Devonian deep-water sediments, the Kučaj(Getic) turbidites, along with the expanding Middle to Late Devonian oceanic crust (Danubian ophiolites), belonged to the Rheic Ocean. The geochemical modeling of Devonian ophiolites reveals that this Balkan-Carpathian ocean displays both mid-ocean ridge basaltic (Tisoviţa Iuţi, Deli Jovan) and volcanic arc/back-arc signatures (Zaglavak, Tcherni Vrah). The extracted petrographic and regional geological constraints confirm the s","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105227"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alluvial fan morphodynamics: Advances and future prospects","authors":"Guo-An Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alluvial fans, fan-shaped depositional landforms located at the outlets of mountain rivers and gullies, provide valuable insights into regional environmental change, geomorphic evolution, and hazard processes related to floods and debris flows. While research on fan morphometry, sedimentology, and paleoenvironment reconstruction is extensive, fan morphodynamics, especially the quasi-cyclic processes of deposition, erosion, and flow path avulsion, remain understudied. This review assesses the current state of research on fan morphodynamics and outlines future directions. It highlights key findings, including the primary and secondary processes that drive fan development, the mechanisms of flow path avulsion, and the associated sediment dynamics and geomorphic effects. Crucially, it underscores the need for real-time field monitoring to complement existing field investigations and modeling efforts. Enhancing real-time observations will significantly advance the understanding of fan morphodynamics, sediment dynamics, and geomorphic processes, ultimately improving hazard mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105229"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-reduced and ultra-high pressure minerals in ophiolites: A critical review and the case for meteorite impact","authors":"Ben-Xun Su ,&nbsp;Jie-Jun Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ophiolites, remnants of ancient oceanic lithosphere, host enigmatic super-reduced (SuR) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) minerals such as diamond, moissanite, and native metals, challenging conventional models of their formation. This review synthesizes ongoing debates regarding origins of these minerals, evaluating hypotheses ranging from deep mantle processes (e.g., mantle plumes, subduction-zone recycling) to shallow mechanisms (e.g., lightning strikes, abiotic fluid reactions, earthquakes) and anthropogenic contamination. Critically, deep mantle models struggle to reconcile the instability of SuR phases under typical mantle conditions and anomalous compositions of diamond and moissanite, while contamination hypotheses highlight morphological and isotopic parallels with synthetic analogs. Experimental and isotopic data (e.g., δ¹³C depletion, low nitrogen content) further complicate traditional narratives. In this review, we have summarized the limitations of existing models and the aspects they failed to account for, while exploring the possibility of reconciling the disparate origins of SuR and UHP minerals in ophiolites. Inspired by the concept of impact-induced subduction initiation, meteorite impact process serves as an alternative framework to simultaneously invoke transient ultra-high pressures, localized reducing environments, and the mixing of endogenous (mantle, crustal) and exogenous (meteoritic) materials. This model reconciles the coexistence of SuR and UHP phases with isotopic signatures atypical of mantle-derived systems, such as light carbon isotopes, and rapid-quenching skeletal crystal textures. It also links the incorporation of lower mantle minerals and crustal fragments in ophiolites to impact-triggered subduction initiation and lithospheric recycling. Although it is impossible to definitely refute any of the existing genetic models, the impact model offers a promising alternative that addresses the summarized limitations. However, further supporting evidence is still needed, particularly in the form of shock-related microstructure, detailed in situ isotope analyses of nanoscale inclusions, and investigations of ophiolites located near potential, but not yet confirmed, impact zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105228"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}