Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Abrupt thaw and its effects on permafrost carbon emissions in the Tibetan Plateau: A remote sensing and modeling perspective","authors":"Yonghong Yi, Tonghua Wu, Mousong Wu, Huiru Jiang, Yuanhe Yang, Brendan M. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105020","url":null,"abstract":"The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has the largest permafrost area in the low- and mid-latitudes. With warmer ground temperatures and ice-rich terrain, the TP permafrost is potentially more vulnerable to climate warming. Abrupt thaw induced by rapid ground ice melt and thermokarst process has become more frequent in the TP, which will likely have a large impact on the regional water and carbon exchanges. This review presents recent researches on the drivers of abrupt thaw, with a focus on the hillslope thermokarst, and advances in remote sensing and process-based modeling of abrupt thaw process and the permafrost carbon feedback in the TP, with a comparison to the Arctic studies. Ground ice content and local topography are the two main factors controlling the rate and form of abrupt thaw; however, a lack of accurate estimates of ground ice content distribution and challenges in characterizing lateral heat transfer and groundwater flows greatly limit modeling capability in representing fine-scale thermokarst processes at a regional scale. High resolution satellite remote sensing has been widely used to identify various thermokarst landforms across the TP. However, studies using multi-source remote sensing to quantify the thermokarst-induced soil volume ice and mass loss are still lacking, particularly in the TP, which are important for characterizing the permafrost carbon feedback with abrupt thaw. Integration of spatial information derived from multi-source remote sensing with process-based models will allow better characterization of abrupt thaw processes, which generally occur at scales finer than model grid cells and are difficult to parameterize for coarse-resolution global and regional models. This synthesis can inform future research on better representing abrupt thaw process not only in the TP region but extending to other permafrost areas as well.","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications and future developments of the (thermo-) poro-elastic theory in geophysics","authors":"Massimo Nespoli ,&nbsp;Hongyu Yu ,&nbsp;Antonio Pio Rinaldi ,&nbsp;Rebecca Harrington ,&nbsp;Maria Elina Belardinelli ,&nbsp;Giovanni Martinelli ,&nbsp;Antonello Piombo","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluids are naturally present in the crust from subsoil to several kilometers deep. The representation of the Earth's crust as a purely elastic medium ignores the effects of fluids within rock pores. Because the presence of fluids alters the mechanical response of rocks, the theory of poro-elasticity can be used to more accurately represent the deformation and the stress field of the crust, especially when the fluid saturation of rocks is high. In a poro-elastic medium, fluids interact with the hosting rocks through the pore-pressure. If the fluids have significantly different temperatures compared to the surrounding rocks, the theory of poro-elasticity can be generalized to the thermo-poro-elasticity, which also takes into account the effects of the thermal expansion of the medium The geophysical applications of these theoretical frameworks are highly diverse and based on different modeling approaches and assumptions. In this work, we emphasize potential applications of thermo-poro-elasticity theory in developing increasingly complex models of rock-fluid interactions. To do that, we focus on the different modeling approaches employed in some recent models of deep fluid exploitation, reservoir induced seismicity, interaction between seismic faults and fluids, and hydrothermal systems in volcanic zones. Our review paper aims to offer a comprehensive summary of the models, theories, code packages, and applications pertinent to this area and suggest some possible future developments of thermo-(poro-elastic) models in different application areas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104996"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Northern Central Andes and Andean tectonic evolution revisited: An integrated stratigraphic and structural model of three superimposed orogens","authors":"Patrice Baby ,&nbsp;Alice Prudhomme ,&nbsp;Stéphane Brusset ,&nbsp;Alexandra Robert ,&nbsp;Martin Roddaz ,&nbsp;Ysabel Calderon ,&nbsp;Adrien Eude ,&nbsp;Willy Gil ,&nbsp;Wilber Hermoza ,&nbsp;Christian Hurtado ,&nbsp;Stéphanie Brichau ,&nbsp;Gérôme Calvès ,&nbsp;Pierre-Olivier Antoine ,&nbsp;Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanism for crustal thickening and superposition of several orogens is critical for understanding the growth of mountain ranges. Our study focuses on a trans-orogen crustal cross-section to revisit the Andean tectonic evolution in the Northern Central Andes (5°-8°S). It is based on a review of the geological setting, the definition of long-term tectono-sedimentary successions, and for the first time, a crustal balanced cross-section 895 km long through the entire orogen. We show that the Northern Central Andes were born in the Jurassic, and correspond to the superposition of several orogens representing a minimum total shortening of ∼207 km. They were built over 180 Ma during three orogenic periods (180–140 Ma; 100–50 Ma; 30–0 Ma), separated by two post-orogenic periods during which most Andean relieves were erased (140–100 Ma; 50–30 Ma). Each post-orogenic period was recorded by 1) a major regional erosional unconformity sealed by a widespread marine transgression, and 2) extensional tectonics in the forearc. Crustal shortening was driven by westward South America Plate displacement and continental crustal underthrusting, and not by oceanic subduction. The propagation of the Andean wedge has been controlled by successive inversions of two pre-existing rifts. The sequential restoration of the trans-orogen balanced cross-section, constrained by the sedimentary record, provides a realistic picture of each orogenic and post-orogenic stage. For the first time, the pre-Neogene basins are reconstructed respecting the Andean shortening. The first-order factors that have controlled the complex growth evolution of Northern Central Andes are South America Plate dynamics changes associated with shifts in the geometry of the subducting oceanic slab. Some correlations can be established with Phanerozoic climate changes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104998"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in size of key indicators used in palaeolimnological studies: A critical review","authors":"Vlad V. Sysoev ,&nbsp;Aisylu G. Ibragimova ,&nbsp;Maria A. Gololobova ,&nbsp;Andrew Medeiros ,&nbsp;John P. Smol ,&nbsp;Alexey A. Kotov","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104995","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104995","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Body size may potentially be a key characteristic for both an individual and a community response to environmental change that palaeolimnological studies can document. Most palaeoecological investigations are based on the reconstruction of past changes in species assemblages, although some studies have incorporated body size as an indicator of past limnological conditions. Here, we review previously published relationships (or simple correlations) between body size and environmental variables among five different groups of organisms typically well-represented in lake sediments: Cladocera, Ostracoda, Chironomidae, testate amoebae, and diatoms. The most convincing examples showing the value of body size data in palaeolimnology are probably best demonstrated in publications about Cladocera and testacid protozoa; however, even here researchers sometimes reach different conclusions. In this review, we summarize a diverse array of studies examining size relationships and conclude that, whilst considerably more research is needed, size relationships may provide key information in palaeolimnological studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104995"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolution and prospects of Earth system models: Challenges and opportunities","authors":"Xiaoduo Pan ,&nbsp;Deliang Chen ,&nbsp;Baoxiang Pan ,&nbsp;Xiaozhong Huang ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Shilong Piao ,&nbsp;Tianjun Zhou ,&nbsp;Yongjiu Dai ,&nbsp;Fahu Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Earth system models (ESMs) serve as vital tools for comprehensively simulating the intricate interplay of physical, chemical, and biological processes across the Earth system's diverse components. Here, we provide a brief overview of the historical development of ESMs and highlight key challenges posed by the intricate feedback mechanisms in the cryosphere, the nonlinear and long-term effects of the lithosphere, and the growing impacts of human activities for modeling Earth system. We then focus on the current opportunities in Earth system modeling, driven by the growing capacity for data-driven approaches such as machine learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI).</div><div>The next generation of ESMs should embrace dynamic frameworks that enable more precise representations of physical processes across a range of spatiotemporal scales. Multi-resolution models are pivotal in bridging the gap between global and regional scales, fostering a deeper understanding of local and remote influences. Data-driven methodologies including ML/AI offer promising avenues for advancing ESMs by harnessing a wide array of data sources and surmounting limitations inherent in traditional parameterization techniques. However, the integration of ML/AI into ESMs presents its own set of challenges, including the identification of suitable data sources, the seamless incorporation of ML/AI algorithms into existing modeling infrastructures, and the resolution of issues related to model interpretability and robustness. A harmonious amalgamation of physics-based and data-driven methodologies have the potential to produce ESMs that achieve greater precision and computational efficiency, better capturing the intricate dynamics of Earth system processes.</div><div>Although ESMs have made substantial progress in simulating the complex dynamics of Earth system's subsystems, there is still considerable work to be done. Prospects in the development of ESMs entail a deepened comprehension of pivotal subsystems, including the anthroposphere, lithosphere, and cryosphere. Adopting innovative technologies and methodologies, such as ML/AI and multi-resolution modeling, holds immense potential to substantially enhance our capability to anticipate and mitigate the consequences of human activities on the Earth system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104986"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viscous compression of clay and peat","authors":"P. van Elderen ,&nbsp;G. Erkens ,&nbsp;C. Zwanenburg ,&nbsp;H. Middelkoop ,&nbsp;E. Stouthamer","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Viscous compression, the delayed slow compression of soils after loading, has emerged as a challenging process contributing to land subsidence in soft soil areas. Despite previous research on clay soils, there is still limited understanding of the processes and mechanisms of viscous compression of organic soils. As peat is more susceptible to viscous compression than clay, and the subsurface of subsiding deltas can contain substantial bodies of peat, understanding of processes, mechanisms and drivers is needed to predict the potential for and amount of viscous compression to occur and assess the effect of mitigation measures to delta subsidence. This study integrates findings from prior research on viscous compression behaviour of clay for a comprehensive comparison of the structural, geomechanical, chemical, and biological characteristics of clay and peat, to evaluate to what extent compression mechanisms in clay operate in a similar way in peat. The study focuses on mechanisms of viscous clay compression, which are: expulsion of micropore water, changes in the adsorbed water layer, and particle interactions. Our review establishes that these mechanisms also manifest in peat, albeit with varying contributions to the reorientation of peat fibres. Notably, the distinct pore structure and larger average pore diameters of peat result in water expulsion behaviour that is different from clay. Additionally, the negative electrical charge on clay mineral surfaces is stronger than that of peat fibre surfaces, influencing attraction or repulsion forces among particles and the adsorbed water. This study introduces decomposition of organic matter as an additional long-term control of subsidence. Decomposition weakens the peat structure and facilitates particle reorientation, which enhances the susceptibility to compression. On the other hand, when organic material is already decomposed, it shows lower compressibility compared to fibrous organic material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104993"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lithospheric weakspots, not hotspots: New England-Quebec and Shenandoah anorogenic magmatism in the context of global plate tectonics, intraplate stress and LIPs","authors":"Peter R. Vogt ,&nbsp;Gillian R. Foulger","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We explore the origins of anorogenic post-breakup magmatism in two areas of the mid-Atlantic Appalachians: the New England-Quebec Province (ca. 130–120 Ma) and the Shenandoah Province (ca. 49–47 Ma). Radiometric rock ages and other data do not support claims that this magmatism occurred when these sites were located above postulated Great Meteor and Bermuda mantle hotspots/plumes. We propose instead that the sites are persistent lithospheric ‘weakspots’ favorable for magma ascent during relatively short intervals of a few Myr when global-scale plate motion reorganizes every 20–30 Myr. Magma ascends into the crust when compressive intra-plate stress is relaxed. Weakspots in the plate, not fixed mantle hotspots, can explain why anorogenic magmatism occurred at the same two sites also much earlier (by ca. 50 Myr in the New England-Quebec province and ca. 100 Myr in the Shenandoah Province), and why the Bermuda volcanoes formed not later, but coevally with the Shenandoah Province, 1400 km along the postulated hotspot trace. The plume hypothesis also fails to explain why the New England-Quebec magmas were emplaced at the same time as anomalously productive magmatism along the northern mid-Atlantic Ridge and coincident with the breakup of Iberia from the Grand Banks, sites almost 2000 km distant from the New England-Quebec Province. Moreover, New England-Quebec radiometric age distributions suggest that distant magmatic events and continental breakup affecting other plates were global plate reorganization events that may be ‘recorded’ by volcanism at weakspots. Shenandoah-Bermuda magmatism happened during the Pacific plate motion change recorded by the Hawaii-Emperor Bend. The ca. 720 Ma Robertson River Igneous Suite of anorogenic plutons in Virginia, USA, may be an old analog of the Shenandoah Province exploiting the same lithospheric weakspot. The New England-Quebec magmatic period 130–120 Ma is also the time over which the geomagnetic reversal frequency slowed, reaching zero at the onset of the Cretaceous normal superchron (C34n) at ca. 120 Ma. This event was recorded at the mid-Atlantic Ridge axis as the J-Anomaly Ridge and a large increase in spreading half-rate from 1 to 2.5 cm/a. Thus, geomagnetic reversal frequency may also be related to plate tectonics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104991"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magmatic faults: Challenges, progress, and possibilities","authors":"Pablo H. Alasino ,&nbsp;Katie E. Ardill ,&nbsp;Scott R. Paterson","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104992","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104992","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It is increasingly recognized that plutons are rich in magmatic structures that provide powerful tools for unraveling hypersolidus histories. However, one group of structures, magmatic faults recognized almost a century ago, has not been systematically examined thus far and is the focus of this review.</div><div>Magmatic fault styles resemble those in solid materials, encompassing a wide range of orientations, kinematics, and mechanical attributes. But unlike their sedimentary and metamorphic counterparts, studies of magmatic faults face several challenges, leading to their underrepresentation in plutonic histories. Key parameters needed to study magmatic faults include the fault orientation and timing relative to the magmatic fabric(s) in the host, the offset and kinematic styles of faulting, and the recognition of uniquely magmatic structures within the fault such as shear folding, melt migration, and deflection of magmatic fabrics to determine deformation style. The preservation of early faulting under melt-rich conditions is relatively rare and is instead biased towards conditions of higher crystallinity; even these latter faults can be hard to see unless compositional defined markers are offset across the faults.</div><div>Our synthesis to date suggests that magmatic faults are probably much more widespread than presently recognized and that the displacement of crystal mushes along these internal faults may be an effective, though commonly cryptic, mechanism for strain accommodation in magmatic columns. Heterogeneous strain in mushes can result in highly varied fault styles; however, the characteristics of different ‘fault packages’ in plutons may provide a means of evaluating causes of faulting in plutons (e.g., roof and sidewall magma crystallization, recharge and defrosting, thermal convection, emplacement, magmatic differentiation, tectonics). Studies of magmatic fault packages are in their infancy and future research should incorporate systematic, pluton-wide approaches designed to establish reliable criteria for determining the driving force(s).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104992"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rainfall as a driver of post-wildfire flooding and debris flows: A review and synthesis","authors":"Natalie M. Collar ,&nbsp;John A. Moody ,&nbsp;Brian A. Ebel","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing threat of post-wildfire hazards creates an imperative for improved post-wildfire flooding and debris flow prediction capabilities. Because rainfall is a primary driver of predictive hydrology and debris flow initiation and inundation models, recent efforts have emphasized the need for interdisciplinary collaboration between meteorology and post-wildfire hazard science that develops more accurate rainfall estimates with longer lead times. In this work, we identified critical knowledge gaps for developing rainfall estimates and filled those gaps by reviewing recent literature and synthesizing pre-existing datasets. Gap areas were organized into the following general topics: a) rainfall intensity-duration-frequency relations, b) time-varying rainfall, c) spatially varying rainfall, and d) rainfall regimes.</div><div>Recent key research advances include the increasing availability of gridded quantitative rainfall estimates, the expanded use of distributed hydrologic and erosion models that incorporate spatial and temporal variability in rainfall, and the linking of concepts and modeling from the atmospheric and climate sciences with post-wildfire hazard science. We prototype a rainfall regime regionalization schema that captures self-similar properties of rainfall intensity (<em>k,</em> the maximum rainfall intensity) and temporal scaling (<em>n,</em> the decay rate). Our <em>k</em>-<em>n</em> relations schema could serve as a framework for organizing, interpreting, and predicting post-wildfire hydrologic and erosional responses. Finally, we summarize salient gaps for implementing spatiotemporally varying rainfall as the driver of post-wildfire hydrologic models designed to improve the prediction of flooding and debris flow hazards to the built environment for emergency managers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104990"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Yanshanian Movement in Western Liaoning, northeastern North China Craton","authors":"Zhiwei Song ,&nbsp;Chenyue Liang ,&nbsp;Franz Neubauer ,&nbsp;Yongjiang Liu ,&nbsp;Changqing Zheng ,&nbsp;Bo Lin ,&nbsp;Xuechun Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Yanshanian Movement (or Yanshanian Orogeny) has been a topic of study for nearly a century, with ongoing interests. This study reviews its origin, tectonic subdivision, development and dynamic mechanisms, and associated magmatic-tectonic activity in Western Liaoning, northeastern North China Craton (NCC). By analyzing rock assemblages, petrogenesis, and magma sources of Mesozoic volcanic rocks, and combining with available data on deformation, basin formations, mineralization, and evolution of biota, we propose a new dynamic mechanism of the Yanshanian Movement in Western Liaoning, particularly during its initial stage and pulsation pattern. The initial stage (Early to Middle Jurassic, 190–165 Ma) is defined by abundant magmatism, mineralization and compressional structures, likely associated with the multi-plate (Mongol-Okhotsk, Paleo-Pacific, and Meso-Tethys) convergence around the East Asian continent. The pulsation pattern is characterized by alternating tectonic settings in the northeastern NCC during the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, featuring stages of both compression and extension. The first N(W)–S(E) compression stage (165–160 Ma) is marked by an unconformity above the Jiulongshan/Haifanggou Formation and associated (N)E–(S)W fold-and-thrust structures, influenced by WNW-directed subduction of the Paleo-Pacific Plate (PPP) and the far-field effect of the N–S closure of the Mongol-Okhotsk Ocean (MOO). The subsequent first extension stage (160–145 Ma) is small-scale and local, dominated by NE–SW and NW–SE structural trends, with NE–SW extension indicated by magnetic lineations of granitic plutons and top-to-the-NE ductile shear zones in the northern NCC, likely correlating with short-term stress relaxation from the MOO regime. This NW–SE extension is confirmed by the Late Jurassic basin-and-range-type tectonics in the northeastern NCC, possibly linked to the localized high-angle subduction and rollback of the PPP. The second N(W)–S(E) compression stage (145–135 Ma) corresponds to the Yanshanian B-episode, illustrated by the <em>syn</em>-tectonic deposition and the unconformity from Upper Jurassic to lowermost Cretaceous. The NE–SW-trending compressional structures were controlled by rapid low-angle NNW-directed subduction of the PPP, alongside with subordinate E–W-trending structures associated with the final N–S closure of the MOO. The following second NW–SE extension in the late Early Cretaceous (135–100 Ma) is recorded by metamorphic core complexes, extensional domes and rift basins, and large-scale magmatic-tectonic activity, driven by asthenospheric material upwelling, lithospheric delamination, and thinning of the NCC lithosphere due to the rapid retreat and rollback of the PPP.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"260 ","pages":"Article 104989"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142704737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}