Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Characteristics, genesis, and significance of laumontite in sedimentary rocks of non-marine petroliferous basins in China","authors":"Huan Tong ,&nbsp;Shifa Zhu ,&nbsp;Hanyun Tian ,&nbsp;Hang Cui ,&nbsp;Zhuoya Si ,&nbsp;Yan Chen ,&nbsp;Xincai You ,&nbsp;Zhensheng Shi ,&nbsp;Jianqin Xue","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Laumontite is a calcium-rich zeolite that typically occurs as an authigenic mineral in sedimentary rocks. Due to its specific formation conditions and its high instability in acidic environments, laumontite provides a key geological indicator for analysing sedimentary-diagenetic system and identifying high-quality reservoirs in middle-deep strata. This study offers a comprehensive review of the distribution, occurrence, chemical composition, genesis, controlling factors, and the impacts on hydrocarbon reservoirs of laumontite in the sedimentary rocks of typical non-marine basins in China, such as the Junggar Basin, the Ordos Basin, and the Sichuan Basin. Previous research indicates that laumontite commonly develops as a continuous or patchy cement, fracture filling, and replacement product within vertically stacked deltaic subaqueous distributary channels. Sandstones enriched in plagioclase or volcanic material are considered ideal host rocks for laumontite formation. During eodiagenesis (&lt;85 °C), laumontite extensively fills intergranular pores, with individual crystals typically exhibiting a long prismatic habit, and commonly occurring in association with clay minerals, quartz, and heulandite. During mesodiagenesis (85–175 °C), laumontite occurs as patchy intergranular fillings, with individual crystals progressively developing a short prismatic morphology, and is mainly associated with calcite, illite, quartz, and albite. Laumontite in sedimentary rocks is typically characterised by a low Si/Al ratio (2.00–2.20), and its chemical composition shows no systematic variation with temperature or occurrence. Formation mechanisms of laumontite include the albitisation of plagioclase, transformation of volcanic material, and alteration of early-formed zeolites. Incomplete transformation of plagioclase may result in a higher Si/Al ratio in laumontite. Fluid inclusion homogenisation temperature data indicates laumontite in sedimentary rocks primarily forms within a temperature range of 60–140 °C. The transformation of plagioclase and volcanic material to laumontite can proceed throughout this interval, while alteration of heulandite to laumontite generally requires temperatures above 90 °C. High pH, low pCO₂ and Ca-rich pore fluids are key factors controlling laumontite formation, while the presence of Na⁺ lowers the equilibrium temperature of laumontite-forming reactions. Although early-formed laumontite occupies primary pores, it also contributes to compaction resistance. Owing to its well-developed cleavage and large internal pore volume, laumontite dissolves more readily in acidic fluids than K-feldspar, albite, or other aluminosilicates. Its dissolution zone provides a favourable environment for hydrocarbon accumulation. Additionally, the internal cavities within laumontite crystals possess a large specific surface area, which enables strong physical adsorption of methane molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105197"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144322840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diversification to extinction: oceanic and climatic context of the Ordovician","authors":"Mu Liu ,&nbsp;Xiujuan Bao ,&nbsp;David A.T. Harper ,&nbsp;Thomas Algeo ,&nbsp;Mingyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Matthew Saltzman ,&nbsp;Wang Zhang ,&nbsp;Daizhao Chen ,&nbsp;Shuai Yuan ,&nbsp;Yihui Chen ,&nbsp;Mengyu Wei ,&nbsp;Junpeng Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaocong Luan ,&nbsp;Yuandong Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiangrong Yang ,&nbsp;Yongyun Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105194","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105194","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Ordovician (470–443 Ma) witnessed an epic evolutionary trajectory, from the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) to the Late Ordovician Mass Extinction (LOME), marking an unprecedented rise and fall in biodiversity. Complex interactions among climate, ocean, and geological events, drove fluctuations in the carbon cycle and environmental heterogeneity. Here, we review key developments within this interval pertaining to biological evolution, elemental cycling, climate change, atmospheric composition, and marine redox structure and their mutual interactions. We employ the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to explore the factors underpinning the biotic turnover with a resolution of 10-Myrs time slice. Our simulations suggest that increased organic carbon burial triggered long-term cooling culminating in the Hirnantian ice age, carbon isotopic perturbations, alongside rising atmospheric oxygen and declining CO₂. On a secular scale, oxic oceanic water masses expanded worldwide, while the continental seas of the low-latitude landmasses remained oxygen-depleted. The results correspond to a destabilization of oceanic structure with La Niña-like enhanced upwelling in the equatorial region of western flank of Gondwana. This heterogeneous redox structure and reorganization of oceanic currents potentially marked the consequence of one of the most fundamental oceanic oxygenation processes throughout Earth history. This environmental heterogeneity also explains and reconciles discrepancies in estimates of the GOBE duration derived from different palaeobiological databases. Our review and simulations consistently support a dynamic interplay between environmental changes and biotic evolution during the Ordovician.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105194"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144313406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships between African landforms, regolith materials, and Cenozoic climate change: Implications for sedimentary source-to-sink systems","authors":"Dominique Chardon ,&nbsp;Benjamin Sawadogo ,&nbsp;Ousmane Bamba","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105187","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105187","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This review of landform-regolith associations at a reference locality in Burkina Faso decodes the 50-million-year long paleoclimatic imprint on the African landscape. Stepwise morpho-pedogenesis formed a sequence of landform-regolith associations, offering insights into surface evolution processes at successive landscape stages. The landscape evolved in response to wet-to-dry climatic transitions at ca. 34(?), 24, 11, 6, and 2.9 Ma, with each shift leading to the formation of pediments that were weathered and cemented by iron duricrusts after subsequent dry-to-wet shifts at around 29, 18, 7, and 3.4 Ma. This evolution resulted in (i) sequential dispersion and recycling of Paleogene regolith on pediment surfaces, and (ii) regolith (i.e., clastic sediments) delivery to rivers during dry periods at 34(?)–29 Ma, 24–18 Ma, 11–7 Ma, 6–3.4 Ma, and 2.9–0 Ma. The time laps between regolith production in weathering profiles and its fluvial discharge can be &gt;40 My, necessitating caution in paleoclimatic interpretations of the sink sedimentary record. Shifts in the nature of regolith delivery are anticipated at ∼24 Ma (end of extremely warm and wet climatic regimes) and at ∼6 Ma (settling of the modern latitudinal climatic zonation over Northern Africa). Very-slow and steady base-level lowering (&lt;3.5 m/My since 45 Ma) responded to the very long-term sequence of eustatic sea-level fall since the Early Eocene. The morpho-pedogenetic evolution produced a landscape with its highest reliefs composed of weak, weathering-prone lithologies protected by iron-rich duricrusts. Regolith recycling implies that without detailed geomorphological, petrographic, and sedimentological field investigations, the geochronological characterization of the regolith can be misleading for paleoclimatic, morphogenetic and source-to-sink studies. This review provides an updated landscape evolution model for Northwestern Africa and highlights the potential of mapping landform-regolith associations as paleoclimatic markers, with broad applicability to Cenozoic continental surface dynamics. Landform-regolith mapping is proving a key tool to assess tropical geodiversity, which is shown to have increased since 45 Ma as a result of the diversification of the successive landform-regolith associations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105187"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stable zinc isotopes as tracers in environmental geochemistry","authors":"Yiren Duan ,&nbsp;Zhengrong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxian Gou ,&nbsp;Zhao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingguang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc (Zn) is both an essential micronutrient and a common environmental contaminant. Addressing global Zn deficiency and pollution requires effective tools to track its biogeochemical pathways. Zn stable isotopes have become valuable tracers for identifying Zn sources, cycling processes, and anthropogenic impacts across different environmental systems. This review provides a comprehensive survey of Zn isotope signatures (δ⁶⁶Zn) across natural and anthropogenic sources and systematically evaluates the fractionation mechanisms operative during aqueous complexation, mineral sorption, biological uptake, and anthropogenic activities. It also covers advances in multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and provides standardized protocols for sample preparation and isotope measurement. Key findings include bimodal δ⁶⁶Zn distributions in anthropogenic sources. Common sources (δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.23 ± 0.27‰) are isotopically lighter than natural sources (δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.46 ± 0.38‰), while smelting residues (δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.76 ± 0.40‰) and coal fly ash (δ⁶⁶Zn = 1.14 ± 0.69‰) are significantly heavier. In supergene environments, mass-dependent processes cause δ⁶⁶Zn variations of about 3‰. Zn isotopes have been applied in source apportionment, soil-plant system Zn translocation, and marine biogeochemical cycling studies. The review concludes that Zn isotopes are robust geochemical tracers for environmental systems, capable of resolving complex source inputs and pathways. To fully realize their potential, future work should focus on improving analytical methods for complex matrices, expanding applications in medical geology, and integrating digital technologies like artificial intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105185"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon sequestration in mangrove ecosystems: Sources, transportation pathways, influencing factors, and its role in the carbon budget","authors":"Shafiqa Ali ,&nbsp;Gobinda Dey ,&nbsp;Nguyen Hoang Kim Nuong ,&nbsp;Abdur Rahman ,&nbsp;Liang-Chi Wang ,&nbsp;Uttara Sukul ,&nbsp;Koyeli Das ,&nbsp;Raju Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Shan-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Chien Yen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global efforts to mitigate climate change emphasize the critical need to reduce atmospheric CO₂ levels and enhance carbon sinks. Mangrove ecosystems, renowned for their substantial carbon sequestration capacity, play a vital role in sequestering significant amounts of carbon. This review explores carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems, emphasizing autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sequestration mechanisms. Specifically, it discusses the pathways through which carbon is absorbed and stored, including biological productivity, sediment accumulation, and carbonate precipitation. Furthermore, the role of microbial communities and root systems in carbon stabilization, nutrient cycling, and methane oxidation is also examined, highlighting their significance in enhancing sequestration efficiency. Moreover, this study evaluates the factors influencing carbon sequestration efficiency in mangroves and the methods used for its quantification. Finally, this review assesses the contribution of mangroves to the global carbon budget, emphasizing their strategic role in offsetting atmospheric CO₂ and enhancing coastal ecosystem resilience. However, significant research gaps remain in understanding the mechanism of carbon transformation, the interaction between diverse carbon sources, sediment dynamics, and long-term stability of buried organic matter across varying mangrove settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamorphic evolution of Mesozoic microcontinent suture zones in the Tibet region","authors":"Wei Dan ,&nbsp;Xiu-Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Gong-Jian Tang ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Fei Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcontinent suture zones were generated by continental collision. However, collisional orogens often exhibit a series of metamorphic products with variable mineral assemblages. It is intriguing how crustal rocks at continental margins were metamorphosed at different geothermal gradients. In this study, we present a synthesis of metamorphic pressure (P), temperature (T) and time (t), as well as the <em>P-T-t</em> path, for Mesozoic medium- and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Tibet region, focusing on fossil suture zones at Kangxiwa, Jinshajiang, Song Ma, Longmuco-Shuanghu, Changning-Menglian, Bangong-Nujiang, and Sumdo. The results show a series of common clockwise <em>P-T-t</em> paths, with metamorphic T/P ratios varying from 180 to 816 °C/GPa primarily in the Triassic and secondarily in the Permian and Jurassic. These thermobaric ratios allow for category of the target metamorphic rocks into low T/P Alpine type blueschist to eclogite facies series, moderate T/P Barrovian type amphibolite to granulite facies series, and high T/P Buchan type amphibolite to granulite facies series. These three types of metamorphic facies series were produced not only at variable geothermal gradients from 5.4 to 24.5 °C/km, but also at variable timescales from 25 to 60 Myr. The Alpine type metamorphism would mainly take place in the Triassic, indicating that the final closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean is spatiotemporally associated with the opening of Neo-Tethys Ocean. The microcontinent assembly is predominated by the crustal cold subduction for the Alpine type metamorphism rather than the crustal warm collision for the prograde Barrovian type metamorphism. This difference indicates a relative lack of continental hard collision during the microcontinent assembly in the Triassic. Furthermore, the microcontinent suture zones were rarely remobilized in view of the rare Buchan type metamorphism in the Mesozoic. Nevertheless, the increase of metamorphic T/P ratios between these metamorphic rocks suggests the switch of dynamic regime from <em>syn</em>-collisional compression to post-collisional extension in these suture zones. In addition, time intervals for the dynamic switch vary from 25 to 60 Myr in the Mesozoic suture zones, suggesting differential periods of the tectonic transition from lithospheric thickening during the continental collision to lithosphere thinning. In either case, the Mesozoic Tibet region is considerably different in metamorphic evolution from either the Paleozoic ones in the northernmost margin or the Cenozoic one in the southernmost margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105174"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From single batholith to global detrital zircon archive: Earth dynamics as seen from zircon Eu anomalies","authors":"Omar Bartoli,&nbsp;Bruna B. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105175","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Due to the continuous reworking of the continental crust and the limited rock record associated with the early Earth, the long-term evolution of the Earth's continental crust is mostly studied using the physically- and chemically-resistant mineral zircon. In particular, the europium anomaly [Eu/Eu* = Eu&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;/(Sm&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; x Gd&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;; where the subscript N denotes chondrite-normalized] of detrital zircon populations has been proposed as a robust proxy for tracing the evolution of crustal thickness. However, recent studies have made the use of the zircon Eu anomaly for geodynamic reconstructions controversial. To provide new insights into the petrological controls on zircon Eu/Eu*, we first review the zircon archive and the evolution of the Adamello batholith, the largest Tertiary intrusion in the Alps and one of the best-studied examples for elucidating the genesis and evolution of continental arc magmas. From the existing extensive zircon archive, the Eu/Eu* in the different intrusive super-units decreases with decreasing age, &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and εHf&lt;sub&gt;(t)&lt;/sub&gt;, and increasing δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O. When the Eu/Eu* of zircon is converted to crustal thickness, the values of ≈70 km obtained for the most juvenile granitoid suites are inconsistent with the rock record and with the well-known geodynamic evolution of the Alps. A similar mismatch is also obtained when the whole-rock (La/Yb)&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; of the most juvenile felsic magmas is converted to crustal thickness, because it does not take into account the effect of slab-derived metasomatic agents affecting the mantle wedge source. The marked decrease in zircon Eu/Eu* (i.e., the marked increase in the Eu anomaly) is primarily influenced by the increasing assimilation of reduced metasedimentary rocks in the crustal hot zone, before significant differentiation and without any significant pressure drop between the different intrusive super-units. This is consistent with graphitic metapelites being an important component of the mid to lower continental crust in the Southern Alps domain. Based on these results, we then review the detrital zircon archive throughout the Earth's history and interpret changes in zircon Eu/Eu* as mainly controlled by the pressure-independent redox state of magmas. We interpret the marked decrease in Eu/Eu* from the Neoarchean to the Mesoproterozoic as reflecting the increase in reduced metasedimentary material as an important component of the mid to lower crust, which was increasingly available for crustal reworking and magma contamination. This evolution is consistent with the Paleoproterozoic being a period of anomalously high burial of organic carbon and with the highest &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; ratios of metamorphism and the abundant mantle- and crustally-derived magmatism that characterized the Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic. In our opinion, the minimum Eu/Eu* at ca. 1 Ga cannot be used to support the view of orogenic ","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric aging effects on aerosol ice nucleation","authors":"Ziye Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Jialei Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Pingqing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in the climate system of the Earth, with their physicochemical properties strongly impacting their ice-nucleating activities (INA). These physicochemical properties of INPs can be profoundly altered by atmospheric aging processes. This article summarizes previous laboratory studies and field observations discussing the variation of INA impacted by atmospheric aging, including chemical modification, aging in water or aqueous solutions, changing of mixing state and morphology, and special aging pathways relevant to biological INPs. The inconsistencies between laboratory findings and field observations suggest that innovative ice-nucleating mechanisms need to be proposed to bridge datasets across different measurements. Furthermore, laboratory and field measurements of aged INPs could refine INP parameterization in climate models. Lastly, we present key perspectives of INA that merit further research and examination, especially including aging processes that involve multiple phases, complex morphology, or under upper tropospheric conditions, as well as poorly characterized biological INPs and anthropogenic aerosols. These research directions will help advance the overall predictability of INPs in model simulations and improve critical understanding of the climatic effect of atmospheric aerosols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105176"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine ostracod faunas through the Late Devonian extinction events. Part II: the Hangenberg event","authors":"Elvis Guillam,&nbsp;Marie-Béatrice Forel","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is the second part of a two-part study evaluating the changes in ostracod communities throughout the two Late Devonian biological crises (Kellwasser and Hangenberg events). The Hangenberg event was the most intense extinction of the Famennian, Late Devonian. It is sometimes considered as equivalent to the Kellwasser event at the Frasnian-Famennian transition, which is one of the Big Five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. In order to discuss the effects of the Hangenberg event on marine ostracod faunas, all well-dated data from the literature have been gathered. We here show that this event mostly affected the ostracod diversity at low taxonomic levels (species and genera). Nearshore ostracods were more affected than others but Thuringian deep-sea faunas were also greatly touched. When considering the geographic pattern of the event, ostracods from the Southern Variscan margin (Montagne Noire, France) appear to have been less affected than others, thus possibly representing a refuge zone.</div><div>The faunal recovery was certainly constrained by changes in palaeoenvironmental settings, in particular those associated with the transgression occurring during the early Tournaisian, lowermost Carboniferous. It may have increased the habitat size and availability in neritic environments, allowing an important diversification of ostracods from the Bairdiidae, Bairdiocyprididae and Paraparchitidae families in the event aftermath, as well as a greater connectivity between nearshore areas leading to a global reduction in endemism. It may also have triggered the migration of bathyal taxa upslope, as recorded in post-event assemblages on the Southern Variscan margin. The effects on pelagic taxa are more variable across localities and environments but they are often among the only taxa composing event assemblages, particularly in deep-sea settings of the Southeastern Laurussian margin.</div><div>At a global scale, nearshore ostracod diversity was slightly less affected by the Hangenberg event than by the Kellwasser one, but the former has more significantly influenced deep benthic faunas. Finally, the Kellwasser event triggered a more intense extinction within ostracod faunas while the Hangenberg one seems responsible for a more important change in faunal composition, particularly within nearshore environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105172"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil bulk density and porosity connecting macro- and micro-scales through geometry.","authors":"D.A. Robinson ,&nbsp;S.P. Friedman ,&nbsp;A. Thomas ,&nbsp;D. Hirmas ,&nbsp;P.L. Sullivan ,&nbsp;A. Nemes","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil bulk density (BD) is a macroscopic indicator frequently used to infer the soils' pore system, a fundamental attribute of terrestrial environments that significantly affects processes such as infiltration, water retention and plant root development. Additionally, BD is essential for assessing the storage of various materials in soils and sediments, including carbon and nutrients. High bulk density, often a consequence of soil compaction, represents a form of soil degradation that diminishes the soil's functional capacity. Therefore, effective management of soil BD is crucial for improving agricultural yields, safeguarding ecosystem services, preventing degradation, and preserving the overall integrity of the Earth's system. This review synthesizes recent research on the packing behavior of granular materials to clarify the emergent property of soil BD. The findings yield an empirical model that links packing fraction to the shape and size ratio of particles. The results demonstrate that the model accurately captures the frequently observed exponential decrease in soil BD with increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content. While it is widely recognized that particle density influences BD, the analysis indicates that grain shape exerts a considerable effect, followed by the particle size ratio in granular media. The insights from this study aim to transform the perception of BD from a static notion to one that acknowledges how changes in the morphology of soil constituents, driven by factors such as root growth and decomposition, can result in variations in BD. As a result, BD may become increasingly sensitive to feedback from climate and land use changes as the geometry of SOM evolves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}