Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"From single batholith to global detrital zircon archive: Earth dynamics as seen from zircon Eu anomalies","authors":"Omar Bartoli, Bruna B. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Due to the continuous reworking of the continental crust and the limited rock record associated with the early Earth, the long-term evolution of the Earth's continental crust is mostly studied using the physically- and chemically-resistant mineral zircon. In particular, the europium anomaly [Eu/Eu* = Eu<sub>N</sub>/(Sm<sub>N</sub> x Gd<sub>N</sub>)<sup>0.5</sup>; where the subscript N denotes chondrite-normalized] of detrital zircon populations has been proposed as a robust proxy for tracing the evolution of crustal thickness. However, recent studies have made the use of the zircon Eu anomaly for geodynamic reconstructions controversial. To provide new insights into the petrological controls on zircon Eu/Eu*, we first review the zircon archive and the evolution of the Adamello batholith, the largest Tertiary intrusion in the Alps and one of the best-studied examples for elucidating the genesis and evolution of continental arc magmas. From the existing extensive zircon archive, the Eu/Eu* in the different intrusive super-units decreases with decreasing age, <em>f</em>O<sub>2</sub> and εHf<sub>(t)</sub>, and increasing δ<sup>18</sup>O. When the Eu/Eu* of zircon is converted to crustal thickness, the values of ≈70 km obtained for the most juvenile granitoid suites are inconsistent with the rock record and with the well-known geodynamic evolution of the Alps. A similar mismatch is also obtained when the whole-rock (La/Yb)<sub>N</sub> of the most juvenile felsic magmas is converted to crustal thickness, because it does not take into account the effect of slab-derived metasomatic agents affecting the mantle wedge source. The marked decrease in zircon Eu/Eu* (i.e., the marked increase in the Eu anomaly) is primarily influenced by the increasing assimilation of reduced metasedimentary rocks in the crustal hot zone, before significant differentiation and without any significant pressure drop between the different intrusive super-units. This is consistent with graphitic metapelites being an important component of the mid to lower continental crust in the Southern Alps domain. Based on these results, we then review the detrital zircon archive throughout the Earth's history and interpret changes in zircon Eu/Eu* as mainly controlled by the pressure-independent redox state of magmas. We interpret the marked decrease in Eu/Eu* from the Neoarchean to the Mesoproterozoic as reflecting the increase in reduced metasedimentary material as an important component of the mid to lower crust, which was increasingly available for crustal reworking and magma contamination. This evolution is consistent with the Paleoproterozoic being a period of anomalously high burial of organic carbon and with the highest <em>T</em>/<em>P</em> ratios of metamorphism and the abundant mantle- and crustally-derived magmatism that characterized the Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic. In our opinion, the minimum Eu/Eu* at ca. 1 Ga cannot be used to support the view of orogenic ","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil bulk density and porosity connecting macro- and micro-scales through geometry.","authors":"D.A. Robinson ,&nbsp;S.P. Friedman ,&nbsp;A. Thomas ,&nbsp;D. Hirmas ,&nbsp;P.L. Sullivan ,&nbsp;A. Nemes","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil bulk density (BD) is a macroscopic indicator frequently used to infer the soils' pore system, a fundamental attribute of terrestrial environments that significantly affects processes such as infiltration, water retention and plant root development. Additionally, BD is essential for assessing the storage of various materials in soils and sediments, including carbon and nutrients. High bulk density, often a consequence of soil compaction, represents a form of soil degradation that diminishes the soil's functional capacity. Therefore, effective management of soil BD is crucial for improving agricultural yields, safeguarding ecosystem services, preventing degradation, and preserving the overall integrity of the Earth's system. This review synthesizes recent research on the packing behavior of granular materials to clarify the emergent property of soil BD. The findings yield an empirical model that links packing fraction to the shape and size ratio of particles. The results demonstrate that the model accurately captures the frequently observed exponential decrease in soil BD with increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content. While it is widely recognized that particle density influences BD, the analysis indicates that grain shape exerts a considerable effect, followed by the particle size ratio in granular media. The insights from this study aim to transform the perception of BD from a static notion to one that acknowledges how changes in the morphology of soil constituents, driven by factors such as root growth and decomposition, can result in variations in BD. As a result, BD may become increasingly sensitive to feedback from climate and land use changes as the geometry of SOM evolves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia","authors":"Fred T. Bowyer ,&nbsp;Fabio Messori ,&nbsp;Rachel Wood ,&nbsp;Ulf Linnemann ,&nbsp;Esther Rojo-Perez ,&nbsp;Mandy Zieger-Hofmann ,&nbsp;Johannes Zieger ,&nbsp;Junias Ndeunyema ,&nbsp;Martin Shipanga ,&nbsp;Bontle Mataboge ,&nbsp;Dan Condon ,&nbsp;Catherine V. Rose ,&nbsp;Collen-Issia Uahengo ,&nbsp;Sean P. Gaynor ,&nbsp;Inigo A. Müller ,&nbsp;Gerd Geyer ,&nbsp;Torsten Vennemann ,&nbsp;Joshua H.F.L. Davies ,&nbsp;Maria Ovtcharova","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105169","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Nama Group of southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa hosts the best-dated mixed carbonate-siliciclastic foreland basin succession of the terminal Ediacaran [ca. 551 million years (Ma) ago to &lt;538 Ma] and is key for resolving the chronology of early metazoan evolution. Numerous silicified volcanic tuff interbeds are present, but differing interpretations regarding the fidelity of their ages lead to different regional stratigraphic correlations, especially for the Urusis Formation of the Schwarzrand Subgroup. An expanded record of the Urusis Formation is found in the Swartpunt area of southern Namibia, which has yielded an important metazoan biota. But the succession in this area is preserved as a series of thrusts at the leading edge of the Gariep orogenic belt and zircon U-Pb data show systematic age repetition. We use regional stratigraphic and structural mapping, integrated with carbonate carbon isotope (δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;carb&lt;/sub&gt;) chemostratigraphy and high-precision radioisotope U-Pb zircon geochronology from outcrop and recently acquired drill core to develop a temporally calibrated basin-wide depositional model. This integrated dataset either reflects complex zircon reworking, inheritance, or potential analytical biases (Scenario 1) or the presence of a Gariep-related cryptic décollement within the Spitskop Member that has resulted in stratigraphic repetition (Scenario 2). We investigate the evidence for and against both scenarios and consider their implications for stratigraphic and δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;carb&lt;/sub&gt; correlations between the Swartpunt area and coeval exposures along the Orange River border with South Africa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Given that these issues are in an area that hosts numerous silicified ash beds and extensive exposure, an inability to confidently discount either scenario highlights a level of compounding uncertainty in zircon U-Pb geochronology that must be considered when attempting to build global chronostratigraphic frameworks. Scenario 1 implies that some of the weighted mean ages and Bayesian eruption ages from the Swartpunt area may be &gt;1 Myr older than the depositional age of their respective ash beds when assuming existing stratigraphic correlations. If this scenario is preferred, then a cautious approach would be to consider all weighted mean zircon U-Pb ages from ash beds to reflect maximum depositional ages. Both scenarios support deposition of the Huns Member &gt;540 Ma in the Swartpunt area if the oldest weighted mean age reported here represents a near-depositional age, which has significant implications for the temporal calibration of important terminal Ediacaran ichnofossil assemblages and future cyclostratigraphic studies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stratigraphic correlations common to both scenarios allow us to temporally calibrate a basin evolution model for the Nama Group. Temporal trends in initial hafnium isotope (εHf) compositions of zircon grains from ash beds throughout the succession ma","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105169"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights from dynamics, mechanisms, factors and mitigation strategies of salt precipitation for CO2 geo-storage within saline aquifer","authors":"Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Yuanhao Chang ,&nbsp;Rui Ma ,&nbsp;Xiangzeng Wang ,&nbsp;Hongyang Wang ,&nbsp;Fanhua Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105170","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105170","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>CO₂ geo-storage in saline aquifers offers significant potential for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, salt precipitation resulting from mineral crystallization during gas-liquid percolation affects CO₂ injectivity and storage efficiency. This review synthesizes recent field data, experiments, numerical simulations, and theoretical studies to identify knowledge gaps and improve understanding. It provides insights into the dynamics, mechanisms, factors, and mitigation strategies of salt precipitation for CO₂ geo-storage in saline aquifers. Field data indicate that salt precipitation mainly occurs within 10–30 m of the wellbore, reducing absolute permeability by 60–70 %. Experimental and numerical studies suggest that capillary-driven drying leads to significant pore blockage near the wellbore, while diffusion- or evaporation-driven mechanisms cause more evenly distributed precipitation. Despite a decrease in absolute permeability, CO₂ relative permeability may increase by 5–6 times. Two major challenges contribute to discrepancies between theoretical models and field data: the migration behavior of salt crystallization and dynamic evaporation of the brine. Addressing these challenges requires high-temperature, high-pressure microchip experiments to visualize and quantify brine evaporation dynamics and salt precipitation at the pore scale. Additionally, core flooding tests, coupled with real-time CT/MRI imaging and particle flow simulations, are essential for investigating the interaction between salt precipitation and pore structure damage. Despite the significant impact of reservoir characteristics, brine properties, and injection strategies on salt precipitation dynamics, systematic studies remain limited, and current research is fragmented. This review proposes a comprehensive evaluation framework incorporating multi-factor coupling to better assess salt precipitation risks and improve CO₂ storage efficiency. These findings provide a foundation for managing salt precipitation in subsurface engineering, with broader implications for energy extraction and carbon storage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105170"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degassing of deep fluids in the Pannonian basin and adjacent areas","authors":"Paolo Randazzo ,&nbsp;Alessandro Aiuppa ,&nbsp;Staša Borović ,&nbsp;Dario Buttitta ,&nbsp;Carlo Cardellini ,&nbsp;Giovanni Chiodini ,&nbsp;Artur Ionescu ,&nbsp;Giancarlo Tamburello ,&nbsp;Antonio Caracausi","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105168","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105168","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Pannonian Basin (PB), in Central-Eastern Europe, is a continental area characterized by widespread presence of natural resources, high heat fluxes and outgassing of deep-sourced fluids (i.e. mantle-magma and/or crustal-derived). Moreover, the region is interested by ascent of the asthenosphere and a thin lithosphere (≈75 km). Here, we review 40 years of geochemical studies on natural gas emissions in the PB system and nearby areas providing the first comprehensive geochemical characterization of gas manifestations for the Croatian segment of PB. We use stable isotope (δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;CO2&lt;/sub&gt;) geochemistry, noble gases data, and C&lt;img&gt;He systematics to reconcile geochemical information with geophysical and geodynamic models at regional scale, and hence to characterize (i) the source/s of fluids outgassing at the surface and (ii) the main processes occurring during their storage in, and transit through, the crust.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The chemical composition of the emitted fluids is very heterogeneous in the PB. We identify three distinct gas types (CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-dominated, N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-dominated, and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-dominated) that are variably distributed in different sectors of PB. The He isotopic composition range from 0.07 to 6.32Ra (Ra is the air He isotopic signature), suggesting the coexistence of crustal and mantle components in the area. Furthermore, the same components also occur in the Croatian PB, where the He isotopic ratios range from 0.02 Ra to 2.21 Ra. The groundwater circulation in the PB implies an addition of atmospheric-derived noble gas component to the deep fluids (mantle vs crust-derived). The volumetric gas/water ratios (Vg/Vl) are highly variable (0.002 to 66) with the highest values in N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-dominated samples, and correlate with atmospheric-derived &lt;sup&gt;20&lt;/sup&gt;Ne concentration, pointing to shallow gas origin for these samples (relative to CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and CH&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;-dominated samples). The C&lt;img&gt;He systematics, coupled with the δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, indicates extensive chemical and isotopic fractionation due to partial dissolution of gas in water in the shallow crustal layers and consequent CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; trapping in deep aquifers and/or in precipitating carbonates. In addition, methanogenesis could work as an additional potential CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; sink in the crust. The mantle-derived He flux, on a regional scale, is estimated at 1.7 × 10&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt; to 1.7 × 10&lt;sup&gt;12&lt;/sup&gt; atoms m&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt; s&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;, one order of magnitude greater than found by &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;O'Nions and Oxburgh (1988)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, and similar to what found in other tectonically active regions. The mantle-related CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; flux computed using CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;He ratios and the mantle He fluxes, range between 10&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt; and 10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; mol·km&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;·year&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;. Despite representing a rough estimation, these values are in the range of the CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluxes in active and q","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105168"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shoreface nourishments: Research advances and future perspectives","authors":"J.J. van der Werf ,&nbsp;B.J.A. Huisman ,&nbsp;T.D. Price ,&nbsp;B.E. Larsen ,&nbsp;M.A. de Schipper ,&nbsp;B.C. McFall ,&nbsp;D.R. Krafft ,&nbsp;Q.J. Lodder ,&nbsp;B.G. Ruessink","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105138","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105138","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Shoreface nourishments have become a popular management option to mitigate coastal retreat for sites with abundant sand supplies. With shoreface nourishments, relatively large volumes of off-site sand are placed under water in typical water depths of 4–10 m. This part of the nearshore zone has a high bed level variability and contains a myriad of (rhythmic) morphological features. As a result, understanding and forecasting shoreface nourishment morphodynamics and impacts is challenging. Significant progress on this topic is needed in due time, especially in light of emerging climate-change effects. This review paper presents an overview of field, laboratory and numerical modeling studies on shoreface nourishment morphodynamics. We have identified 4 key knowledge gaps. First, the spreading of nourished sand through the coastal zone is poorly understood, and has not been quantified. Second, it is unclear how design variables such as size, placement location and grain-size affect the lifetime, spreading and impact of shoreface nourishments. Third, the cumulative effect of repeated shoreface nourishments (scale: 1–10 km, 1–10 years) on the coastal system as a whole (100+ km, 50+ years) is largely unknown. Fourth, numerical models cannot reliably predict the complete morphological development and impact of shoreface nourishments. To tackle these knowledge gaps we propose a research agenda to ensure the generation and valuation of scientifically robust and societally relevant knowledge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105138"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonics vs eustasy: The oceanic container and its contents","authors":"Bilal U. Haq ,&nbsp;Sierd Cloetingh","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105166","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105166","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sea-level change over Earth's history reflects the interplay of water volume and the ever-shifting architecture of ocean basins. While short-term fluctuations (10³–10⁵ yr) often trace the advance and retreat of glaciers and ice caps, multi-million-year trends (10⁷–10⁹ yr) arise from deep-Earth processes – seafloor spreading, subduction, intraplate deformation, mantle plume upwelling, and the emplacement of large igneous provinces – that remodel basin volume and modulate the ocean's water budget. New geodynamic models now discard the assumption of steady-state mantle regassing and degassing, showing instead that persistent imbalances can lock water into the interior or release it back to the surface, sculpting long-term sea-level trajectories.</div><div>Recent advances in seismic and tomographic imaging, coupled with high-resolution numerical simulations, have fostered an emerging convergence between geodynamic theory and stratigraphic records of Phanerozoic sea-level curves – particularly for second-order (multi-million years) Meso-Cenozoic variations. These efforts also cast doubt on earlier reconstructions based solely on continental flooding metrics without accounting for evolving hypsometries. Superimposed on these tectonic signals are third-order cycles driven largely by Earth's orbital rhythms: long-period Milankovitch modulations (∼1.2 Myr obliquity, especially common during refrigerations, and ∼2.4 Myr eccentricity, recurrent during warm intervals) leave clear imprints in sequence stratigraphic, deep-sea hiatuses, fossil diversity patterns, and stable-isotopic records. Meanwhile, the capacity of small, hydrous mantle plumes to shuttle water across the core-mantle boundary – and the topographic uplift associated with flood basalt provinces – emerges as an underappreciated influence on regional sea-level anomalies. Despite these advances, reconstructing pre-Cretaceous sea-level history remains hampered by scant constraints on ancient spreading and subduction systems. Addressing these gaps and achieving further advancements demands enhanced temporal resolution and more complete datasets – especially for younger intervals where the oceanic lithosphere is preserved with greater fidelity. Seismic and tomographic surveys in under-sampled regions, such as Africa, South America and West Antarctica, are especially critical. Legacy industry data could help fill key gaps, and broader access to publicly funded datasets is vital. Sea-level change stands as one of the most societally-relevant challenges in geoscience and meeting its demands will require sustained investment in advanced data collection, robust modeling, and collaborative partnerships between academia and industry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105166"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of light hydrocarbons in petroleum geochemistry:A review","authors":"Donglin Zhang ,&nbsp;Meijun Li ,&nbsp;Rongzhen Qiao","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105164","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105164","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Light hydrocarbons are key components of petroleum and contain a wealth of geochemical information. This review provides a comprehensive summary and comments on the research that has been carried out on light hydrocarbons over the past 50 years. It evaluates the applicability and reliability of the various parameters and diagrams that relate to the light hydrocarbons in petroleum from basins worldwide. The chemical compositions and stable isotope values of light hydrocarbons are valuable for identifying the sources and origins of hydrocarbons, their depositional environments, and the maturity of their corresponding source rocks. In addition to thermochemical sulfate reduction, light hydrocarbon parameters are widely used to identify secondary alteration processes, including evaporative fractionation, water washing, biodegradation, and oil cracking. Light hydrocarbon parameters are more effective for tracing natural gas migration than they are for tracing oil migration. Using current light hydrocarbon parameters to accurately identify contributions of petroleum with mixed origins or overlapping secondary effects remains challenging. These challenges may be addressed by using advanced analytical techniques, such as position-specific isotope and clumped isotope analyses combined with other cutting-edge technologies. Advances in separation techniques, high-resolution mass spectrometry, and isotope analysis have significantly enhanced the accuracy of analyzing the chemical and isotopic compositions of light hydrocarbons, providing a deeper understanding of their formation and transformation at microscales.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105164"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144071935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid-ocean ridge jumps: Impacts, classification, and mechanisms","authors":"Huixin Guan ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Minghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yujie Quan ,&nbsp;Eric Lee Mittelstaedt ,&nbsp;Sanzhong Li ,&nbsp;Jason Phipps Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mid-ocean ridge jumps (RJs) are key reorganization events in mid-ocean ridge (MOR) systems when a MOR segment shifts to a neighboring location, leaving the old segment inactive. Despite their global significance, current research predominantly concentrates on individual RJs or large jumps, lacking a systematic examination of RJ events. While many studies emphasize hotspot-ridge interactions as a primary driver, earlier work has also highlighted the role of plate motion changes and the potential for synergistic interactions between these two processes. This underscores the need for a more comprehensive investigation. This study systematically investigates RJs across 33 global sites, analyzing over 50 individual RJ events. We initially classify these events into three categories based on their geological settings: (1) in pure divergent settings, (2) in shear zones, and (3) in subduction-influenced zones. Our analysis elucidates the fundamental tectonic processes governing these events, identifying off-axis mantle upwellings and plate motion changes as the primary drivers of RJs across all settings. While mantle upwellings contribute to vertical movements and the weakening of the lithosphere, plate motion changes realign the horizontal stresses necessary for extensional forces and ultimately determine the final placement of new spreading centers. Rather than operating in isolation, these mechanisms interact synergistically, contributing to the intricate dynamics of RJ events. By reevaluating the significance of RJs on the evolution of MORs, our findings greatly contribute to the knowledge of complex structures within the oceanic domain and enhance our comprehension of Earth's crustal evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cenozoic paleoecological evolution of NE Tibet: A review of magnetostratigraphically-constrained mammal records","authors":"Zhantao Feng ,&nbsp;Weilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Fang ,&nbsp;Guillaume Dupont-Nivet ,&nbsp;Maodu Yan ,&nbsp;Bastien Mennecart ,&nbsp;Sirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinbo Zan ,&nbsp;Chunhui Song","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105156","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is an ideal laboratory for investigating the interplay between tectonics, climate and biotic evolution. Cenozoic sedimentary basins in this region have recorded ecological shifts linked to the evolution from a wetter monsoonal to an arid climate, in response to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and to global climate variations. Through decades of intense investigations from various international groups, the Longzhong Basin (LB) in the eastern segment of the NETP represent one of Asia's best dated continental records with a comprehensive set of climate proxies that have allowed major advances in the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions and landscape evolution, as well as understanding of their driving forces. The LB also preserves a particularly rich and well-documented mammal fossil record offering key insights for reconstructing paleoecological conditions by analyzing taxonomic compositions and faunal characteristics. However, a comprehensive review synthesizing previous faunal record studies—which have primarily focused on individual sub-basins of the LB—remains to be performed in order to develop an understanding of regional patterns and drivers of ecological shifts. In this review, we compile the best-dated and richest mammalian fossil records of the LB in the Lanzhou, Xining, and Linxia sub-basins. We integrated all published mammalian fossil taxa from these sub-basins into a re-evaluated magnetostratigraphic framework dating back to the Oligocene. Subsequently, we assigned ecological scores to reflect the environments inhabited by these fossil assemblages, thereby enabling a semi-quantitative reconstruction of their habitats over time and space. Our results suggest that the LB region was characterized by open woodland during the Oligocene–Early Miocene, transitioned to dense forest during the Middle Miocene, and evolved into savanna- and steppe-dominated environments beginning in the Late Miocene. These paleoecological changes, as supported by regional mammalian fossil- and pollen-based ecology studies, strongly correlate with monsoonal precipitation patterns previously reported from terrestrial and marine records. Thus, a progressive intensification of East Asian monsoon precipitation in the LB from late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, a pronounced upsurge during the Middle Miocene, and a large periodic reduction from the late Middle Miocene to the Quaternary can be inferred. Furthermore, integrating these new paleoecological insights with published data on sedimentary facies, provenance, and sedimentation rates allows us to elucidate the regional paleoecological and geomorphological evolution extending to the late Eocene. Under the combined influence of orogenic uplift and global cooling, the LB region gradually evolved from low-elevation, low-relief landscapes characterized by drier conditions and open woodland environments following the Eocene–Oligocene Transition to relati","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105156"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}