Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The precursor of apatite: Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in the earth and environmental sciences - A review","authors":"Alfredo Idini ,&nbsp;Franco Frau","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Octacalcium phosphate (OCP) is a solid phase that is well known in the biomedical field because it is widely used and tested as a precursor to bioapatite to treat various diseases affecting bones and teeth. In contrast, the knowledge of OCP in the earth sciences and its actual and possible applications in the environmental field are much less well known. With this review, we aim to fill this gap by showing that OCP is a much more widespread phase than is thought in various geological systems, and its properties allow its effective use in the environmental field, especially when it is used in the removal of various contaminants from wastewater and drinking water. This review not only lists the occurrences of OCP in nature or its uses in the environmental field but also proposes a critical analysis of the literature. In particular, a thorough examination of the failure to recognize OCP in numerous studies has highlighted the importance of performing low-angle XRD measurements in order to achieve proper identification of calcium phosphate minerals. A useful analytical protocol for recognizing and distinguishing OCP from similar phases such as those in the apatite group is suggested. Finally, we propose that OCP be recognized as a natural mineral species by the International Mineralogical Association-Commission on New Minerals Nomenclature and Classification (IMA-CNMNC). Such recognition, in our opinion, would provide a renewed and stimulating impetus to studies on the geochemical and mineralogical cycle of phosphorus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105044"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plastic as a Sediment – A universal and objective practical solution to growing ambiguity in plastic litter classification schemes","authors":"C.E. Russell ,&nbsp;F. Pohl ,&nbsp;R. Fernández","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104994","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104994","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The universal and growing challenge of inconsistency and ambiguity in plastic classification schemes restricts our ability to predict plastic routing, degradation, and accumulation in all environments worldwide. Global plastic production has risen exponentially, reaching approximately 9200 million tons between 1950 and 2017. Of this, an estimated 5300 million tons have been discarded, with a significant fraction mismanaged and entering the natural environment. Plastics are pervasive, found in nearly every terrestrial and marine environment, and their durability ensures that they can persist in the environment for thousands of years, posing escalating ecotoxicological and environmental risks. To meaningfully address plastic distribution, pathways, and the impact it has, we need a clear, universally applicable classification scheme. Whilst there have been many calls to action from the community, we do not yet have a solution offered that facilitates universal understanding through its applicability. Here we propose treating plastic as sediment, such that we may employ the well-established principles and methodologies of sedimentology within its widely applicable framework for understanding and classifying particles. By applying sedimentological techniques to plastics, we developed a classification scheme to objectively describe plastic by its fundamental sedimentological characteristics that are known to correlate with particle behavior and distribution in the environment., i.e., size, shape, density, and material properties. It centers on objective observation before classification and interpretation, recognition of spatial and temporal changes, and an adaptable and flexible framework that can adapt to the complexities of plastic characteristics and research questions. As the classification scheme isolates each physical variable seen in plastic, through using it, we will be better able to understand how plastic characteristics influence their environmental behavior. Whilst the use of this scheme will be primarily beneficial in assessing source-to-sink routing, transport processes, and accumulation tendencies of plastic objects and particles, its potential impact extends beyond this. It has the capacity to enhance environmental monitoring and management strategies through cross-disciplinary and cross-regional data comparisons and exchanges, which will benefit a broad range of stakeholders interested in understanding and managing plastic pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 104994"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How “wet islands” form – A case study of the Qilian Mountains on the arid northern Tibetan Plateau during the Middle Miocene","authors":"Yongheng Yang ,&nbsp;Yunfa Miao ,&nbsp;Xuelian Wang ,&nbsp;Jie Wu ,&nbsp;Yulong Ren ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Liwu Li ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105041","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;In arid regions, mountains usually exhibit diverse climates and complex ecological niches, fostering the formation of “wet islands”. However, the timing and mechanisms behind the formation of such “wet island” remain poorly understood, particularly in the central East Asia arid region (CEAA). This study focuses on the Qilian Mountains in the northern Tibetan Plateau (NTP), adjacent to the CEAA, which constitute an alpine “wet island” with a mean annual precipitation (MAP) exceeding 500 mm. &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Miao et al. (2012)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; synthesized climate records spanning Eurasia and the oceans since the Middle Miocene and proposed a conceptual hypothesis: global temperature decreases drive aridification, while mountain uplift shapes regional climate humidity. In this study, we explore the Middle Miocene (16–12 Ma), a period characterized by significant global cooling and intense NTP uplift, to quantify how these processes contributed to the formation of the Qilian Mountains “wet island”. First, we integrated typical climate records from the Westerlies, Asian monsoon, Plateau basin, and Qilian Mountains. The results show continuous aridification in the first three regions driven by a cooling-induced reduction in moisture transport. In contrast, the Qilian Mountains experienced a wetting trend due to orographic uplift. Second, this differential climate evolution led to divergent vegetation patterns between the Qilian Mountains and Qaidam Basin: conifers became dominant in the mountains, while the basin interior exhibited a complex vegetation response to both cooling and uplift. The moisture disparity between the mountains and basin also widened, with MAP differences widening from ∼100 mm at 16–15 Ma to ∼470 mm at 13–12 Ma. This growing disparity indicates that the formation of the Qilian Mountains “wet island” occurred during the Middle Miocene Climatic Cooling period (14–12 Ma). Third, we conducted a regional climate model (RegCM 4.6) simulation at a 30-km resolution, testing temperature sensitivity (a decrease of ∼2 °C) and comparing the results with a topography sensitivity test (uplift from one-third of the present elevation to current level) from &lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Miao et al. (2022a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The model results show that the cooling-driven precipitation reduction in the CEAA (−100 %) was much greater than the precipitation increase (+30 % to +80 %) caused by uplift. Conversely, the Qilian Mountains experienced a substantial precipitation increase (+100 %) due to uplift, which mitigated the slight cooling-driven decrease (−10 %). These results suggest that global cooling and mountain uplift were pivotal factors in the formation of the Qilian Mountains “wet island”, within a context of overall drying in the CEAA. After the NTP reached its present elevation in the late Middle Miocene, global climate primarily governed the evolution of climate and environment in the interior of Asia. In summary, this study provides a model for understandin","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105041"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142968110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological vs. mechanical impacts of soil water repellency on erosion","authors":"Mahboobeh Fallah ,&nbsp;Marco Van De Wiel ,&nbsp;Ran Holtzman","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105022","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105022","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil erosion is a major concern for both agricultural and natural resources. Soil water repellency (SWR) is known to hinder wetting of soils, decreasing infiltration of water and thus increasing overland flow—the driving force for erosion. These hydrological impacts of SWR on erosion, are quite well established. In contrast, the mechanical impacts of SWR, namely on the resistance to erosion, are poorly understood. Here, we provide a critical review of the current understanding of both the hydrological and mechanical impacts of SWR on erosion. Analysis of compiled experimental data provides contradictory evidence: an increase in erosion with increasing SWR in some cases, versus a decrease in others, with a strong dependency on the mechanism (weather, fire, or pollution-induced SWR). We offer a plausible explanation for this contradiction—that the net erosional impacts of SWR depend on the balance between its hydrological and mechanical effects on erosion, and exemplify this in a simple 1D slope model. Our simulations illustrate the dual nature of SWR's influence on soil erosion, and explain the diversity of published data. Finally, we identify research gaps and suggest ways to address them.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105022"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applying astronomical solutions and Milanković forcing in the Earth sciences","authors":"Richard E. Zeebe,&nbsp;Ilja J. Kocken","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Astronomical solutions provide calculated orbital and rotational parameters of solar system bodies based on the dynamics and physics of the solar system. Application of astronomical solutions in the Earth sciences has revolutionized our understanding in at least two areas of active research. (<em>i</em>) The Astronomical (or Milanković) forcing of climate on time scales <span><math><mo>≳</mo></math></span> 10 kyr and (<em>ii</em>) the dating of geologic archives. The latter has permitted the development of the astronomical time scale, widely used today to reconstruct highly accurate geological dates and chronologies. The tasks of computing vs. applying astronomical solutions are usually performed by investigators from different backgrounds, which has led to confusion and recent inaccurate results on the side of the applications. Here we review astronomical solutions and Milanković forcing in the Earth sciences, primarily aiming at clarifying the astronomical basis, applicability, and limitations of the solutions. We provide a summary of current up-to-date and outdated astronomical solutions and their valid time span. We discuss the fundamental limits imposed by dynamical solar system chaos on astronomical calculations and geological/astrochronological applications. We illustrate basic features of chaotic behavior using a simple mechanical system, i.e., the driven pendulum. Regarding so-called astronomical “metronomes”, we point out that the current evidence does not support the notion of generally stable and prominent metronomes for universal use in astrochronology and cyclostratigraphy. We also describe amplitude and frequency modulation of astronomical forcing signals and the relation to their expression in cyclostratigraphic sequences. Furthermore, the various quantities and terminology associated with Earth's axial precession are discussed in detail. Finally, we provide some suggestions regarding practical considerations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 104959"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Earthquake-induced Submarine Landslides (EQISLs) and a comparison with their Terrestrial Counterparts: Insights from a New Database","authors":"Peng Du ,&nbsp;Linlin Li ,&nbsp;Achim Kopf ,&nbsp;Dawei Wang ,&nbsp;Kejie Chen ,&nbsp;Huabin Shi ,&nbsp;Weitao Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyi Pan ,&nbsp;Gui Hu ,&nbsp;Peizhen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105021","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Earthquakes are recognized as the primary cause of submarine landslides. These earthquake-induced submarine landslides can damage seafloor infrastructure (e.g. submarine cables, oil pipes and rigs) and trigger anomalous tsunamis that cannot be explained solely by coseismic deformation. However, due to their underwater occurrence, earthquake-induced submarine landslides are difficult to observe and measure directly, and current understanding of their characteristics and triggering mechanisms remains limited compared to earthquake-induced terrestrial landslides. Historical instances of anomalous tsunamis and submarine cable breaks following earthquakes provide valuable insights into earthquake-induced submarine landslides. This study reviewed 124 global events of anomalous tsunamis and submarine cable breaks following earthquake occurrences since 1900 using the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration tsunami database and systematic literature review. The study compiled key parameters of earthquake-induced submarine landslides associated with anomalous tsunamis and submarine cable breaks, such as locations, initial water depths of the headscarp, average seabed slope angles, volumes and landslide types. This study also obtained seismic parameters such as epicentral distances, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) from the USGS-ShakeMap to establish a quantitative relationship between earthquake-induced submarine landslides and their seismic triggering parameters. Additionally, a comparison was made between earthquake-induced submarine landslides and earthquake-induced terrestrial landslides with emphasis on differences and similarities in landslide parameters, earthquake magnitudes, seismic parameters PGA and MMI, earthquake magnitude-maximum epicentral distance relationships and triggering mechanisms. It was observed that most of the earthquake-induced submarine landslides occur in shallow nearshore areas and generate tsunamis characterized by high local wave heights. This attribute leaves little or no time for warning and preventive measures. Earthquakes with onshore epicenters or strike-slip mechanisms that trigger submarine landslide tsunamis pose an additional challenge for early warning systems. Compared to earthquake-induced terrestrial landslides, earthquake-induced submarine landslides typically occur on gentler slopes, have larger volumes, are triggered by smaller earthquake magnitudes and exhibit distinct triggering mechanisms. However, they show more similarities than previously anticipated, particularly in terms of seismic parameters (PGA and MMI) and focal mechanisms. The findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of earthquake-induced submarine landslide characteristics and their quantitative relationship with seismic parameters. It highlights the necessity for further research on anomalous tsunamis and submarine cable breaks following earthquakes in order to improve cur","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105021"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ichnogenus Ophiomorpha Lundgren, 1891: Taxonomy and environmental distribution","authors":"Dirk Knaust","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The classic trace fossil <em>Ophiomorpha</em> ranks among the most common biogenic sedimentary structures on earth and has been widely reported from Mesozoic and Cenozoic strata. Originally thought to be restricted to shallow-marine environments, subsequently <em>Ophiomorpha</em> was also recognised in marginal-marine and deep-marine deposits. A proper application for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions is hindered by inadequately defined ichnospecies and gradual transitions among them. This review reveals five ichnospecies as valid, each of which occurs in a particular sedimentary environment. <em>Ophiomorpha saxonica</em> and <em>O. nodosa</em> are common in shallow-marine and nearshore environments. <em>Ophiomorpha nodosa</em> may cooccur and intergrade with <em>O. irregulairis</em>, which reaches far into marginal-marine environments with brackish-water conditions. <em>Ophiomorpha rudis</em> and <em>O. annulata</em> are deep-marine forms, probably reaching up to the upper continental slope. Care must be taken assigning burrows with a knobby lining from continental deposits to <em>Ophiomorpha</em>, which might be more conformable with other, similar ichnotaxa. Based on modern analogues and body fossils within their burrows, <em>Ophiomorpha nodosa</em> and partly <em>O. saxonica</em> are believed to result from the burrowing activity of callianassid shrimp. Decapod crustaceans belonging to Axiidea (mud shrimp, ghost shrimp and burrowing shrimp) and Gebiidea (mud lobsters and mud shrimp) are the likely producers of the other ichnospecies. A combined deposit- and suspension-feeding can be inferred for the tracemaker. Intimate association of <em>Ophiomorpha</em> with minute mud-lined burrows suggests the occurrence of brooding chambers and emergence of juvenile crustaceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 104988"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abrupt thaw and its effects on permafrost carbon emissions in the Tibetan Plateau: A remote sensing and modeling perspective","authors":"Yonghong Yi ,&nbsp;Tonghua Wu ,&nbsp;Mousong Wu ,&nbsp;Huiru Jiang ,&nbsp;Yuanhe Yang ,&nbsp;Brendan M. Rogers","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) has the largest permafrost area in the low- and mid-latitudes. With warmer ground temperatures and ice-rich terrain, the TP permafrost is potentially more vulnerable to climate warming. Abrupt thaw induced by rapid ground ice melt and thermokarst process has become more frequent in the TP, which will likely have a large impact on the regional water and carbon exchanges. This review presents recent researches on the drivers of abrupt thaw, with a focus on the hillslope thermokarst, and advances in remote sensing and process-based modeling of abrupt thaw process and the permafrost carbon feedback in the TP, with a comparison to the Arctic studies. Ground ice content and local topography are the two main factors controlling the rate and form of abrupt thaw; however, a lack of accurate estimates of ground ice content distribution and challenges in characterizing lateral heat transfer and groundwater flows greatly limit modeling capability in representing fine-scale thermokarst processes at a regional scale. High resolution satellite remote sensing has been widely used to identify various thermokarst landforms across the TP. However, studies using multi-source remote sensing to quantify the thermokarst-induced soil volume ice and mass loss are still lacking, particularly in the TP, which are important for characterizing the permafrost carbon feedback with abrupt thaw. Integration of spatial information derived from multi-source remote sensing with process-based models will allow better characterization of abrupt thaw processes, which generally occur at scales finer than model grid cells and are difficult to parameterize for coarse-resolution global and regional models. This synthesis can inform future research on better representing abrupt thaw process not only in the TP region but extending to other permafrost areas as well.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105020"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142790089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of the granite concept through time","authors":"Eloi González-Esvertit ,&nbsp;Claudia Prieto-Torrell ,&nbsp;Paul D. Bons ,&nbsp;Àngels Canals ,&nbsp;Josep Maria Casas ,&nbsp;Marlina A. Elburg ,&nbsp;Enrique Gomez-Rivas","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Granitic rocks are ubiquitous worldwide in ancient and active tectonic settings, representing powerful sources of information about the Earth's past and present geodynamic behaviour. Numerous recent milestones fostering our knowledge of granites would have not been possible without a long-lasting, sometimes controversial, discussion on their origin and significance that has taken place over the last two centuries. Here we present a chronological review of how granites have been defined and interpreted in the context of the major theories that have successively governed the history of Earth Science. The main authors, scientific approaches, interpretations, and type-localities that have influenced knowledge about granitic rocks are summarized from the 18th and 19th centuries, when Earth Science was governed by the Neptunism, Plutonism and Uniformitarianism paradigms, to the acceptance of the Plate Tectonics theory and the very end of the magmatism vs. transformism debate in the late 20th century. Some of the most influential scientific advances in Earth Science, such as the invention of the polarizing microscope and the birth of geochemistry, as well as the role of schools of thought in these successive debates, are further discussed. Moreover, we review the recent and ongoing discussions on the mechanisms of magma generation, segregation, ascent and emplacement leading to the formation of granitic batholiths, as well as the observational, analytical, experimental, and numerical modelling approaches currently used for investigating granitic rocks. The history of granite science is classified into different periods of stasis or “normal” science, which were followed by scientific revolutions triggered by a growing number of inconsistencies. Our current understanding of granitic rocks is inevitably influenced by the preceding paradigms and disputes. Consequently, gathering and valuing the chronology, historical milestones, and overall evolution of ideas and theories on what granites are is crucial for the future directions of granite research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105008"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polycyclic Andean-type orogenic evolution of the Dunhuang block in NW China: A result of Paleozoic reconfiguration of oceanic subduction systems","authors":"Jérémie Soldner ,&nbsp;Karel Schulmann ,&nbsp;Pavla Štípská ,&nbsp;Yingde Jiang ,&nbsp;Robert Anczkiewicz ,&nbsp;Chao Yuan ,&nbsp;Zongying Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104984","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite numerous studies of metamorphic and magmatic rocks from the Dunhuang block, its protracted Cambrian to Permian geodynamic evolution as well as its role in the final amalgamation of the Tarim−North-China Craton Collage during the Pangea assembly, remain controversial. In order to understand the evolution of the Dunhuang block in the frame of Paleozoic plate tectonics, we review and synthetize recently published &lt;em&gt;P−T&lt;/em&gt; data along with geochronological and geochemical data for its northern, central and southern mountain ranges, which we placed in the context of structural observations. Zircon and monazite U−Pb ages combined with &lt;em&gt;P−T&lt;/em&gt; constraints determined for Ordovician to Devonian metamorphic rocks reveal that M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; metamorphic events define a clockwise &lt;em&gt;P−T&lt;/em&gt; evolution and distinctly hot metamorphic gradients. Ordovician to Devonian protracted garnet growth evidenced by low (Yb/Gd)&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; ratios in metamorphic zircon and monazite, together with low Th/U ratios, negative ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) and Eu anomalies in magmatic and metamorphic zircon, mark a period of continuous metamorphism accompanied by crustal reworking during thickening of a previously thermally softened crust. Zircon and monazite U−Pb ages suggest that the early Paleozoic D&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;-M&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; and D&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-M&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; events started ca. 10 m.y. earlier and lasted longer in the northern and central ranges compared to the southern range consisting of significantly older crustal basement components. In all three mountain ranges, the formation of an E-W trending steep cleavage related to D&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-M&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; event was concomitant with emplacement of numerous late Devonian to Carboniferous diorites and I-type granitoids. The negative ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) of magmatic zircon and high (Yb/Gd)&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; ratios in metamorphic zircon and monazite show that a magma-assisted N-S-directed shortening event responsible for further crustal reworking started in the late Devonian and lasted over 60 m.y. The latest Permian M&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt; metamorphic event, restricted mainly to the southern range, defines anticlockwise &lt;em&gt;P−T&lt;/em&gt; paths associated with the emplacement of high-K calc-alkaline granitoids. This event is characterized by the increasing from negative to positive zircon ε&lt;sub&gt;Hf&lt;/sub&gt;(t) values, suggesting input of juvenile crustal and mantle-derived material. High metamorphic gradients and the petrogenesis of magmatic arc-related rocks intruding a Precambrian basement suggest that the Dunhuang block developed as a supra-subduction continental hot orogenic system formed above subducting oceanic plates similar to the northern and southern margins of the American Cordillera. Our data show that its evolution was related to two kinematically independent early to middle and late Paleozoic orogenic cycles. In the context of plate tectonic reconstructions, the revised chronology of events points to the kinematic int","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 104984"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}