Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Recent advances made by reaction experiments on melting of heavily metasomatized hydrous mantle","authors":"Dejan Prelević , Michael W. Förster , Stephan Buhre , Fatma Gülmez , Tobias Grützner , Yu Wang , Stephen F. Foley","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104881","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104881","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Mantle-derived magmas are traditionally assumed to originate by melting of an upper mantle consisting of uniform spinel- or garnet peridotite dominated by olivine. However, extensive studies of mantle-derived basalts suggest that the mantle is more mineralogically heterogeneous, so that the genesis of even the most common magmas requires consideration of mixed source regions within the mantle involving pyroxenites and hydrous minerals. We refer to these with the group term metasomes. However, most experimental studies on mantle melting have assumed a homogeneous source composition, presenting a challenge in quantifying the impact of these heterogeneities.</p><p>This paper provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in reaction experiments that depart from traditional approaches assuming a homogeneous mantle. We begin by assembling evidence for the existence of metasomes, discussing their formation and integration into basaltic melts.</p><p>Further, we introduce the reaction experiments combining peridotite with hydrous assemblages, such as phlogopite, amphiboles, and apatite, leading to more accurate simulations of natural magmatic processes. These experiments reveal that the melting of hydrous metasomes and subsequent melt-peridotite interactions are key to producing the high alkali contents observed in natural lavas. The melting of hydrous metasomes occurs at lower temperatures than peridotite, resulting in diverse melt compositions. The interaction between metasome-derived melts and peridotite further modifies these melts, influenced by the pressure-dependent melting behaviors of minerals like orthopyroxene and olivine. This dynamic process leads to the generation of K- and Na-alkaline melts with varying silica and alkali contents, reflecting the complex interplay of melting and reaction mechanisms in the mantle.</p><p>Formation of hydrous metasomes have also been studied by reaction experiments. Experimental studies have predominantly focused on potassium-rich systems due to the geochemical signatures of potassic igneous rocks suggesting sedimentary rock contributions to their sources. These studies simulate interactions between melts and mantle peridotite, particularly in sub-arc regions, leading to potassium-rich metasomes. More experimental studies are needed on sodium-rich alkaline systems to understand the formation of amphibole-rich metasomes and bridge knowledge gaps.</p><p>Future studies should emphasize the detailed compositional variability of melts from metasomes, their reactions with peridotites, and comparisons with surface lavas. Understanding the kinetics of these reactions and the melting mechanisms of metasome-derived melts is essential. However, the considerable mineralogical diversity of hydrous metasomes poses a primary challenge facing experimental studies. It underscores the need for more experiments on additional melt source rocks and their reaction with peridotites, as the story about the reaction of mel","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104881"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141839307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore-scale modeling of solute transport in partially-saturated porous media","authors":"Ali Saeibehrouzi ,&nbsp;Soroush Abolfathi ,&nbsp;Petr Denissenko ,&nbsp;Ran Holtzman","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Solute transport in partially-saturated porous media plays a key role in multiple applications across scales, from the migration of nutrients and contaminants in soils to geological energy storage and recovery. Our understanding of transport in unsaturated porous media remains limited compared to the well-studied saturated case. The focus of this review is the non-reactive transport driven by the displacement of immiscible fluids, where the fluid-fluid interface acts as a barrier that limits the solute to a single fluid phase. State-of-the-art pore-scale models are described, with a critical analysis of the gaps and challenges. A numerical example is provided to demonstrate the acute sensitivity of solute transport prediction to minute, inevitable uncertainties in the spatial distribution of the fluids' velocities and interface configuration associated with the multiphase flow modeling.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104870"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001971/pdfft?md5=d09e58786152113a0b536da7e46e9bac&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001971-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141850257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coastal groundwater dynamics with a focus on wave effects","authors":"Yihao Zheng ,&nbsp;Mingzhe Yang ,&nbsp;Haijiang Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104869","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104869","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Groundwater dynamics in the coastal unconfined aquifer is one of the most important physical factors in the coastal zone since it greatly influences the nearshore hydrodynamics and beach morphodynamics, as well as interactions between oceanic and inland water systems. A solid understanding of the groundwater behavior in the coastal area is necessary for maintaining efficient coastal water management and supporting sustainable social-ecological development. Coastal unconfined aquifers are complicated while active systems in response to multiple oceanic forces such as tides and waves in various spatiotemporal scales, which have been evaluated and investigated over the last few decades. The present paper provides a comprehensive review of current understandings and advances in groundwater dynamics in coastal unconfined aquifers with respect to water table fluctuations and groundwater flow patterns, with a particular focus on wave-induced groundwater hydrodynamics. Existing analytical approaches for predicting the groundwater response to oceanic forces are summarized and evaluated to reveal their pros and cons. Although great advances have been achieved, some knowledge gaps still remain. While the influences of tide forces on coastal groundwater dynamics are generally well understood and tide-induced groundwater dynamics could be appropriately reproduced by various existing analytical or numerical models, groundwater dynamics in response to wave forces are relatively poorly understood. Accordingly, research needs with respect to groundwater dynamics are discussed and identified in this review. Many studies evaluate the wave-induced groundwater hydrodynamics based on experimental or field observations, while sophisticated theoretical approaches are still lacking to quantify the influence of various complex physical factors during wave swash events, such as capillary truncations, seepage face dynamics, and wetting front evolutions. Such knowledge gaps need to be filled in order to further advance our understanding of the coastal groundwater dynamics and, furthermore, to conduct effective and sustainable coastal water management and protection.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104869"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141840659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regional to global correlation of Cenomanian-early Turonian sea-level evolution and related dynamics: New perspectives","authors":"Ahmed Mansour ,&nbsp;Jian Wang ,&nbsp;Xiugen Fu ,&nbsp;Sameh S. Tahoun ,&nbsp;Wolfgang Ruebsam","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Major sea-level cycles occurred in the Cenomanian-early Turonian greenhouse world and impacted depositional conditions and ecosystems across the paleo-shelf seas. These sea-level cycles have been interpreted from various paleogeographic settings around the globe, such as the Western Interior Seaway (North America), the Proto-North Atlantic, Western Europe, and eastern Tethys (SE India). However, their drivers remain poorly understood and may include glacio-, aquifer-, thermo-, and/or tectono-eustasy. Uncertainties also persist regarding the timing, synchronicity, and magnitude of Cenomanian-early Turonian eustatic cycles. By combining palynological data from northern Africa (Gindi Basin, Egypt) with data available in the literature, a detailed synthesis of Cenomanian palynostratigraphy and sea-level dynamics is presented. Age-diagnostic spores, pollen, and organic walled dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) are correlated to global marine biozonation schemes, which provide a comprehensive biostratigraphic framework for the Cenomanian-early Turonian. Additionally, palynological data enable the identification of an early late Cenomanian <em>Dinopterygium</em> bio-event marked by the highest abundances of dinocysts. This bio-event can be correlated to the <em>Neolobites</em> ammonite bio-event and the Jukes-Browne Carbon Isotope Event. The bio-events stratigraphically constrain with a major transgression, which occurred in the early late Cenomanian, slightly preceding Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE2). Another major transgression spans the late Cenomanian-early Turonian, referred to the Plenus transgression bio-event, and consistent with the onset of the OAE2. Regional to global correlations indicate that these transgressive events reflect eustatic sea-level rises that can be recognized throughout the Tethys, Proto-North Atlantic, Europe, Western Interior Seaway, and India. These transgressions occurred within &lt;1.0 Myr with modest magnitudes of 10–60 m. Rates of sea-level change has commonly been attributed to glacio-eustasy, which is however difficult to reconcile with a probably ice-free Cenomanian-early Turonian greenhouse world. Both transgressions coincide with phases of rising temperatures, whereby warming was most pronounced during the early late Cenomanian transgression. However, we can only speculate whether rising temperatures indicate the demise of polar glaciations. Eustatic processes, including tectono-eustasy, and to some extent aquifer- and thermo-eustasy, likely played a role in the sea-level rise during the early late Cenomanian and early Turonian. Environmental changes associated with the early late Cenomanian transgression may have triggered the onset of OAE2 possibly exacerbated by sluggish ocean circulation in a warming greenhouse world where sea ice formation was limited.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104863"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141697190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peat fires and legacy toxic metal release: An integrative biogeochemical and ecohydrological conceptual framework","authors":"Colin P.R. McCarter ,&nbsp;Gareth D. Clay ,&nbsp;Sophie L. Wilkinson ,&nbsp;Gabriel Sigmund ,&nbsp;Scott J. Davidson ,&nbsp;Muh Taufik ,&nbsp;Susan Page ,&nbsp;Emma L. Shuttleworth ,&nbsp;David McLagan ,&nbsp;Grant Chenier ,&nbsp;Alexandra Clark ,&nbsp;James M. Waddington","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Peatlands are potent landscape sinks of natural and industrial toxic metals and metalloids (TMMs) but the long-term sequestration of TMMs in peatlands is at increasing risk due to climate change enhanced peatland fires. The ability of peatlands to retain TMMs results from a host of interacting hydrological, biological, geomorphological, and chemical feedbacks, which underpin peatland functionality in general. Fire is a transformative force that often disrupts these interactions and feedbacks, leading to the potential release of TMMs to our air, land, and water. Given that wildfire burned area and severity are increasing there is a need for a conceptual understanding of these interactive processes. Prior to a fire, peatland TMM mobility is relatively low, controlled by a peatland's degree of minerotrophy, degradation status, hydrogeomorphic setting and hydroclimate. Incidentally, these peatland characteristics also control the likelihood of peat ignition, creating important feedbacks on the landscape. Following ignition, the temperature and duration of a peat fire plays a critical role in determining the potential TMM emissions to the atmosphere and the post-fire geochemical conditions. We elucidate the varied emission factors of different metals, where emission factors range from 0.2 (Co or Cd) to 300 (Al) mg of metal per kg of particulate matter emitted depending on the specific metal and likely the pre-fire peat metal concentration. Following a peat fire, the geochemical and hydrological changes become increasingly important. For example, post-fire increases in pH play the strongest chemical role in limiting TMM mobilization but concurrent increases in dissolved organic matter aromaticity complicate our understanding of these processes, leading to a critical knowledge gap. At larger spatial scales, peatland and watershed ecohydrological connectivity and peat erosion modulate the release of TMMs to aquatic systems. Yet, the evolution of the ecohydrological connectivity and peat erosion potential as the peatland vegetation and hydrology recover to pre-fire conditions over the course of several to tens of years is governed by the same controls that impact pre-fire TMM mobility. Critically, the uncertainty in evolution trajectories depends on changes in biological, hydrological, climatological, and chemical conditions, limiting our ability to accurately predict these changes under a rapidly changing climate. This extensive and interdisciplinary review guides the development of a conceptual framework and highlights future research needs to better respond to the emerging threat of legacy TMM release from peatland wildfires.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104867"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001946/pdfft?md5=44f5d1318c5593957a2436095a667288&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001946-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics Aloft: A comprehensive exploration of sources, transport, variations, interactions and their implications on human health in the atmospheric realm","authors":"Taiseer Hussain Nafea ,&nbsp;Faith Ka Shun Chan ,&nbsp;Yuyao Xu ,&nbsp;Chengjun Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyuan Wang ,&nbsp;Wenlong Zhao ,&nbsp;Dongsheng Ji ,&nbsp;Hang Xiao ,&nbsp;Jun He","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Microplastics (MPs), particles with a size &lt;5 mm, are ubiquitous in water, soil, and atmosphere, and have become a highly discussed environmental issue. Although atmospheric MPs have received less attention than MPs in soil and water, their possible environmental consequences are being examined in more depth. This study systematically reviews the sources, transport, distribution, and variations of atmospheric MPs, their interactions with other pollutants in the environment and impact on human health based on the literature. The results show that MPs have been identified in diverse atmospheric settings such as urban, sub-urban, and remote areas as well as in indoor air. These airborne MPs can originate from terrestrial sources like landfills, synthetic clothing, and plastic manufacturing, use and recycling activities, as well as from aquatic sources like MPs resulting from bubble bursting. The outdoor MP abundance was detected in a range of 2 to 1159 MP/m²/day in depositions and 0 to 224 MP/m³ in suspended samples, while significantly higher abundance was observed indoors with depositions ranging from 22 to 760,000 MP/m²/day and suspended from 0.4 to 1583 MP/m³. The distribution characteristics of atmospheric MPs are affected by several factors such as urbanization, anthropogenic activities, indoor and outdoor environments and seasons. Atmospheric transport of MPs occurs through suspension, horizontal transport and deposition processes that are greatly influenced by the morphology of the MP, wind speed and direction, precipitation and other atmospheric factors. The transport path of MPs in the atmosphere is studied by Lagrangian atmospheric models by conducting backward trajectory simulations to estimate linear trajectories of MPs at sampling locations to discern their potential origin and travel distance. MPs can also interact with a variety of chemical pollutants and microorganisms in the environment and thus act as a vector for pollutant transport. The toxicity of MPs may be increased by the release of pathogens and chemical contaminants into the environment, thereby increasing the health risk to humans. Based on the study, it is suggested that further scientific research on atmospheric MPs should focus on the standardization of research methods, atmospheric transport mechanisms, interactions of MPs with atmospheric pollutants and ecological impacts. As MPs could enter the human body through various mechanisms, it is urgent to study their physiological effects on the human body when exposed to atmospheric MP pollution.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 104864"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001910/pdfft?md5=b53d00e0ca37e422943e62f357238532&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001910-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation and local growth of “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost responding to climate warming and the consequences","authors":"Zhongqiong Zhang ,&nbsp;Miao Li ,&nbsp;Qingbai Wu ,&nbsp;Xintong Wang ,&nbsp;Huijun Jin ,&nbsp;Huie Chen ,&nbsp;Di Ma ,&nbsp;Ze Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost is distributed in Eurasia's middle and high latitudes. It incorporates features observed in high-altitude and high-latitude permafrost, yet it possesses unique characteristics and is sensitive to climate and environmental changes. The characteristics of the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost are systematically summarized, including permafrost distribution, taliks, ground ice, active layer thickness, ground temperature, permafrost thickness, and both zonality and non-zonality patterns. Further, this study clarifies the changing characteristics of regional degradation and local growth of permafrost under climate warming and environmental changes. The significant changes occurring in the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost are assessed in terms of their important and ongoing impacts on regional water‑carbon cycles, ecological succession, landscapes and engineering in cold regions. The interchange between beneficial and adverse effects is revealed in the process of permafrost degradation. In the future, a comprehensive understanding of the degradation pattern of the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost necessitates strengthened regional surveys and long-term continuous monitoring. Model development should account for the unique characteristics of the “Xing'an-Baikal” permafrost and its environment changes, enhancing the accuracy of research on permafrost change and environmental evolution. Through the systematic and comprehensive elaboration of the mechanisms underlying synergistic permafrost-environment evolution, these efforts will provide a scientific basis for responding to climate warming and promoting sustainable regional development.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"255 ","pages":"Article 104865"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141605962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-stage exhumation, uplift, and basinward propagation of the Tian Shan during the late Cenozoic","authors":"Yutong Jiang ,&nbsp;Honghua Lu ,&nbsp;Rong Yang ,&nbsp;Lichen Pang ,&nbsp;Ruohong Jiao ,&nbsp;Ying Wang ,&nbsp;Jianzhang Pang ,&nbsp;Youli Li","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As a typical intracontinental orogenic belt, the Tian Shan is a natural lab for the understanding of ongoing intraplate deformation and related geodynamic mechanisms. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal patterns of uplift and exhumation of the range can provide critical insights into this issue. This work used apatite U-Th/He thermochronological analysis and river profile inversion to reveal the histories of exhumation and uplift of the Sikeshu catchment, northern Chinese Tian Shan. Also, the spatiotemporal variations in the rate of exhumation across the Tian Shan were investigated, by inverting from a dataset of 1817 compiled apatite and zircon fission track and U-Th/He ages. The results indicated that, the exhumation across the entire Tian Shan primarily began during the early Miocene, with a significant, range-wide enhancement of exhumation occurring around 10 Ma. When combining the independent evidence of mountain uplift from sedimentology, rock magnetism, and structural modelling, we propose a two-stage model of exhumation, uplift, and basinward propagation of the modern Tian Shan, i.e., initial, range-wide rejuvenation around 20 Ma and intensive uplift and rapid exhumation since about 10 Ma. By integrating previous geophysical and geological studies on the Tibetan Plateau, the significantly enhanced exhumation across the entire Tian Shan since ∼10 Ma can be attributed to the Indian-Tarim collision at this age.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104868"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141695412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine ostracod faunas through the Late Devonian extinction events. Part I: The Kellwasser event","authors":"Elvis Guillam,&nbsp;Marie-Béatrice Forel,&nbsp;Sylvie Crasquin","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104866","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104866","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Kellwasser event is one of Big Five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. It marks the boundary between the Frasnian and the Famennian, the two stages of the Upper Devonian. In order to discuss its effects on marine ostracod faunas, all well-dated occurrences from the literature have been gathered. We estimate that, at a global scale, the Kellwasser event has been responsible for the disappearance of 80% of ostracod species. However, the effect on ostracods was geographically heterogeneous, with values varying from 61% to 91%, probably related to local parameters. Our analyses show that this event mostly affected the ostracod diversity at low taxonomic levels (species and genera). Both nearshore and deep (Thuringian) benthic ostracods were affected. This event also influenced pelagic taxa, mostly represented by Entomozoidae, but they were still less affected than benthic ones at the global scale. Together with ostracods of the genus <em>Bairdia</em> (Bairdiidae, Podocopida), Entomozoidae are among the most diversified taxa represented in event assemblages, suggesting that they were more tolerant to oxygen depletion as it was proposed, at least for <em>Bairdia</em>, for the Permian-Triassic event. We show that the faunal recovery has mostly been characterized by diversification among cosmopolitan (particularly Bairdiidae and Bairdiocyprididae) and Thuringian taxa (particularly Bythocytheridae and, to a lesser extent Healdiidae, Tricorninidae and Rectonariidae). A global increase in endemism is observed through the Kellwasser event, likely related to the diversification of deep-water Thuringian taxa, leading to an increase in differences of taxonomic composition between the palaeoenvironmental settings. The widely reported sea-level fall at this time interval could also have participated in the increase in endemism by reducing the connexion between nearshore areas. This work is the first part of a two-part study focusing on the changes in ostracod community throughout the two Late Devonian biological crises (Kellwasser and Hangenberg events).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104866"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224001934/pdfft?md5=a3ca91c92dbc0c9405e2b3d7de87ca83&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224001934-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141715563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deposition and termination of Neoproterozoic iron formations (NIFs): New insights from NIFs in China","authors":"Hui Ye ,&nbsp;Chang-Zhi Wu ,&nbsp;Weiqiang Li ,&nbsp;Ru-Xiong Lei ,&nbsp;Xiaohui Sun ,&nbsp;Weiduo Hao ,&nbsp;Kurt O. Konhauser","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over the past two decades, advancements in geochronological, sedimentary, and geochemical studies have considerably deepened our understanding of the links between the deposition of Neoproterozoic iron formations (NIFs) and major changes in Earth's surface environment. In China, extensive studies within this period have revealed that NIFs exhibit a wide range of fabrics, lithofacies, and geochemical properties, indicating their deposition occurred in a range of environments. Chinese NIFs can be categorized into four types based on lithofacies associations and depositional settings: (1) syn- and de-glacial NIFs that are associated with glacial deposits in glaciomarine or sub-ice environments; (2) inter-glacial NIFs associated with non-glaciogenic deposits in oceans that lacked sea ice during the Cryogenian; (3) volcanism-related NIFs found with volcanic rocks in extensional basins related to the break-up of the supercontinent Rodinia; and (4) non-glaciogenic and non-volcanogenic NIFs that are intercalated with shales and carbonates, and were likely deposited on the continental shelf. Accordingly, we propose a unified model that emphasizes multiple factors controlling the deposition of NIFs at the global scale. Furthermore, we propose that the termination of NIF deposition was probably related to rising oxygen levels on Earth's surface during the late Neoproterozoic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"256 ","pages":"Article 104861"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}