Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"The Ediacaran paleontological record in South America","authors":"Lucas V. Warren ,&nbsp;Bruno Becker-Kerber ,&nbsp;Lucas Inglez ,&nbsp;Filipe G. Varejão ,&nbsp;Luana P.C. Morais ,&nbsp;Marcello G. Simões ,&nbsp;Bernardo T. Freitas ,&nbsp;Julia M. Arrouy ,&nbsp;Lucía E. Gómez-Peral ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Poiré ,&nbsp;Juliana Okubo ,&nbsp;Fabrício Caxito ,&nbsp;Gabriel J. Uhlein ,&nbsp;Gabriel C. Antunes ,&nbsp;Ilana Lehn ,&nbsp;Guilherme R. Romero ,&nbsp;Thomas R. Fairchild","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104915","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104915","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>South America figures as one of the most fruitful continents for paleontological research on the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition, with almost 100 years of studies on organisms preserved in carbonates and siliciclastic successions deposited during the birth of the Gondwana supercontinent. However, this scientific record is often scattered among local publications which is part of the reason for the unfamiliarity of geoscientists with the Ediacaran paleontology of this continent. To address this issue, this paper provides a comprehensive overview of Ediacaran paleontology in South America. It achieves this by conducting a thorough assessment of existing research alongside presenting ample new data concerning fossil discoveries. Following current efforts to add new pieces to the complex puzzle on metazoan evolution, this contribution resumes our understanding of the variety and diversity of Ediacaran assemblages in this part of the planet. Positioning South American successions in space and time and comparing them with occurrences worldwide helps us understand the different pulses of extinctions, and their forcings and consequences for life diversification during the Ediacaran. Lastly, by definitively adding the paleontological record of SW Gondwana to the global picture, we seek to contribute to current discussions on the subdivision of the Ediacaran, perhaps the most emblematic period in the geological record.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104915"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact catastrophism versus mass extinctions in retrospective, perspective and prospective: Toward a Phanerozoic impact event stratigraphy","authors":"Grzegorz Racki ,&nbsp;Christian Koeberl","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104904","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Despite several, sometimes prominent propagators, meteorite impact research had a long period of peripheral status until the 1980s. Since then, there has been an intense search for impact-extinction pairs, driven by the rapid acceptance of Alvarez's hypothesis of a catastrophic Chicxulub impact at the end of the Mesozoic era. However, substantial errors have occurred for incompletely identified and/or indirectly dated impact craters in the context of purportedly coeval mass extinctions. For example, supposed giant craters based only on geophysical studies, such as those alleged as evidence of impact-driven end-Permian and Late Ordovician extinctions, are not supported by any real impact evidence (e.g., catastrophic sedimentation) in adjacent areas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The updated three-step methodology presents an accurate approach to cause-effect inference in impact catastrophism. It begins with (1) conclusive recognition of impact craters and ejecta, followed by (2) their precise radiometric or biostratigraphic dating, and concludes with (3) assessing the impact's “kill” potential. The impact contribution to widely defined mass extinctions has been falsified based on the latest crater information from the global database and the updated ages of stratigraphic boundaries. In the Phanerozoic, two contrasting collision phenomena occurred: the Chicxulub asteroid mega-impact and a prolonged asteroid shower from a shattered chondritic body in the Middle to Late Ordovician. Accordingly, a distinction has been proposed between steady background conditions (impacts occurring singly and rarely in clusters) and perturbation (bombardment) intervals. Current evidence for an impact trigger has been reviewed in detail for the other four Big Five mass extinctions, but no confirmation has been found. The probability of a prolonged impact-enhanced Late Eocene to Early Oligocene crisis, caused by an asteroid shower, is considered, as well as biotic changes accompanying other major cratering events: the mid-Norian Manicouagan and the end-Jurassic Morokweng structures. In particular, for the Popigai asteroid swarm, implied from paired 100-km-sized craters, and the possible Morokweng-Mjølnir coincidence, the relationships between impact signatures and likely stepwise biotic events are far from conclusive. Even if medium-sized bolide impacts, recorded in ∼40-km-diameter craters, may have initiated near-global climatic hazards, the killing effect is unpredictable due to the diversity of cataclysm severity controls. Also the Ordovician cosmic bombardment did not have any negative influence on the great biodiversification. However, the asteroid swarms may have (by unusual dustiness of the inner Solar System) ultimately triggered or accelerated ice ages in the Late Ordovician and Oligocene, respectively. Overall, this implies a continuum in the biosphere's response to extraterrestrial stimuli.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Furthermore, a first attempt was made to explain the hidden record of","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"259 ","pages":"Article 104904"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142655603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the missing link between field and modeled submarine debris flows: Scale effects of physical modeling","authors":"Clarence Edward Choi,&nbsp;Jiantao Yu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104911","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104911","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Submarine debris flows occur under the cloak of the sea and are giants among other types of landslides on planet Earth. They pose a significant threat to sustainable offshore development and marine ecosystems. Existing research on these flows mainly rely on back-analyzing field events and conducting miniaturized experiments. However, it is unclear whether the dynamics of miniaturized flows are similar to field ones. In this review, dimensional analysis is used to evaluate laboratory and field data collated from the literature to compare the dynamics of submarine debris flows at different scales. Miniaturized flows are demonstrated to have disproportionately low yield stress and viscosity compared to field flows. The low yield stress is caused by the need to reduce the clay content of a model debris mixture so that it can flow under substantially reduced gravitational driving stresses in laboratory conditions. Consequently, some proposed scaling relationships in the literature derived from laboratory experiments need to be used with caution. Specifically, both the Reynolds and Bingham numbers cannot independently provide a scale-invariant criterion for distinguishing between laminar and turbulent flows. Instead, the Hampton number, with a threshold &gt;0.001, is proposed for the design of the yield stress and clay contents of laboratory flows. Moreover, reduced model viscous stress drastically reduces erosion potential, which limits the existing understanding of the excess fluid pressures generated at the flow-bed interface, and thus flow mobility. The mobility of field flows is generally attributed to hydroplaning. However, this conjecture mainly stems from experiments with impervious boundaries. Such an idealization exaggerates the effects of excess fluid pressures that develop during hydroplaning. An enhanced understanding of the differences in dynamics between field and modeled flows can improve the design of future experiments to model submarine debris flows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104911"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142162900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of abyssal serpentinite geochemistry and geodynamics","authors":"Baptiste Debret ,&nbsp;Muriel Andreani ,&nbsp;Marguerite Godard","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104910","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104910","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The formation of abyssal serpentinites leads to deep changes of the oceanic lithosphere rheology and geochemistry, hence playing a key role on geodynamic and geochemical cycles. Here we review and discuss the geochemical diversity of serpentinites collected on abyssal floors (i.e., abyssal serpentinites) from different geodynamical settings, namely passive margin, forearc and oceanic spreading ridges. We further divided abyssal serpentinites from spreading ridges according to the tectonic contexts in which they were exhumed, differentiating slow-spreading centres (exhumed within the axial valleys and at oceanic detachments), ultra-slow spreading centres (from amagmatic axial valleys and smooth seafloor), fast spreading axis (mostly from deeps) and large transform faults (all spreading rates).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The major and trace element composition of abyssal serpentinites is first controlled by melt extraction and melt/rock interaction processes occurring prior to serpentinization. Slow-, fast- spreading ridges and forearc serpentinites are distinguished by low Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;/SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratios and depleted REE signatures when compared to abyssal serpentinites recovered from ultra-slow spreading ridges, transform faults and passive margins, where magmatic extraction is likely more limited or/and melt/rock reaction prominent. Ultra-slow spreading ridge serpentinites have high Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;/∑Fe when compared to passive margin and forearc serpentinites, while slow spreading ridge and transform fault serpentinites have intermediate Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;/∑Fe, close to that of magnetite. This distribution is correlated with MgO/SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; ratios, suggesting that high MgO contents could thwart Fe oxidation, and thus H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; production, in abyssal environments.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The presence of mafic units at depth affects the chemical properties (e.g., sulfur activity [&lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S], oxygen fugacity (&lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;)) of the serpentinizing fluids leading to contrasting enrichments of redox sensitive elements (S, U, Eu, Ce, As, Sb) and metals (Zn, Cu) in abyssal serpentinites. At slow-spreading ridges, the circulation of high &lt;em&gt;a&lt;/em&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S and low &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; fluids, equilibrated with gabbroic rocks, leads to the formation of serpentinites with pronounced Eu anomalies, enrichments of LREE over M-HREE and of As over Sb, and to the storage of metal (Zn, Cu) and sulfide in serpentinites. In contrast, at ultra-slow spreading ridges and at transform faults, the absence of an active magmatic system limits changes in seawater composition prior to serpentinization. The oxidizing conditions favours Ce(IV) (Ce anomalies on REE patterns), and the preferential mobility of Sb(V) over Sb(III) (coupled behaviour between Sb and As), as well as the storage of sulfate over sulfides in rocks. Fast spreading ridge serpentinites present both features with samples having negative Ce anomaly (Ce (IV)) and others with positiv","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104910"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S001282522400237X/pdfft?md5=2510cc0120060dbc7fb50ca53ba321ae&pid=1-s2.0-S001282522400237X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142229442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How many oceans closed during the Brasiliano Cycle in northeastern Brazil? Implications for the amalgamation of western Gondwana","authors":"Sérgio P. Neves","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104909","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a pre-Mesozoic drift reconstitution, the Borborema Province in northeastern Brazil connects with the Central African Fold belt to the East and with the Nigerian and Tuareg shields to the North. Therefore, the Borborema Province is an important component to consider in the context of the amalgamation of western Gondwana. The tectonic setting of the Borborema Province has been debated, with some workers advocating for the accretion of allochthonous terranes and others arguing for the decratonization of a large continental landmass followed by the re-accretion of the fragments, either involving or not involving formation of large oceanic domains between them. Resolving the tectonic setting of the Borborema Province has implications for correlations with other Brasiliano-Pan-African belts and supercontinent reconstructions. This paper discusses proposed evidence for oceanic subduction, arc magmatism, and oceanic basin closure based on a comprehensive literature review. This information is integrated with data from the African counterparts of the Borborema Province to provide a geodynamic model for the Neoproterozoic evolution of this portion of western Gondwana. The main evidence for subduction is provided by ultra-high-pressure rocks and c. 660–640 Ma-old intermediate metaigneous rocks with relatively young (1.4–1.0 Ga) whole-rock Sm&lt;img&gt;Nd and zircon Hf model ages in the northwestern part of the Borborema Province. However, a key aspect of the Brasiliano Orogeny in most of the Borborema Province is its synchronous nature. Deposition of predominantly siliciclastic sediments throughout the province ended slightly before or partly coeval with c. 640–610 Ma tectonothermal activity and early orogenic magmatism. Plutons and batholiths emplaced during this age interval comprise predominantly alkali-calcic monzogranites and syenogranites with a large contribution of Paleoproterozoic sources. Together with the absence of juvenile oceanic crust remnants and calc-alkaline metavolcanic rocks, it is thus concluded that (i) widespread crustal extension was almost immediately followed by contractional deformation and regional metamorphism, and (ii) crustal reworking was the dominant process, with limited formation and consumption of oceanic lithosphere. A similar conclusion applies to the Nigerian Shield and the central and southern parts of the Central African Fold Belt. In contrast, large volumes of juvenile crust are found in the Tuareg Shield and in the northern part of the Central African Fold Belt. The model envisions that no large oceanic domain separated the São Francisco/Congo Craton from the Amazonian/West Africa Craton in the middle Neoproterozoic, which were part of the Atlantica paleocontinent since c. 2.0 Ga. Extensional conditions in the Borborema Province and its African counterparts are attributed to far-field stresses transmitted to the interior of Atlantica by an outwardly, N-dipping subduction system. The onset of the contractional ","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104909"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142096106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence of a large igneous province at ca. 347–330 Ma along the northern Gondwana margin linked to the assembly of Pangea: Insights from U–Pb zircon geochronology and geochemistry of the South-Western Branch of the Variscan Belt (Morocco)","authors":"Oussama Moutbir ,&nbsp;El Mostafa Aarab ,&nbsp;Nasrrddine Youbi ,&nbsp;Abdelhak Ait Lahna ,&nbsp;Colombo Celso Gaeta Tassinari ,&nbsp;João Mata ,&nbsp;Ross N. Mitchell ,&nbsp;Andreas Gärtner ,&nbsp;Alvar Soesoo ,&nbsp;Mohamed Khalil Bensalah ,&nbsp;Abderrahmane Soulaimani ,&nbsp;Moulay Ahmed Boumehdi ,&nbsp;Ulf Linnemann","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104905","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;p&gt;The migration and composition of magmatism over time can provide important insights into the tectonic evolution of an orogen like the Variscan Belt. To identify Large Igneous Provinces (LIPs), key criteria include large magmatic volume, intraplate-origin volcanic geochemistry, and significant plumbing systems. Based on such criteria, we present evidence of ca. 347–330 Ma LIP “fragments” in the South-Western Branch of the Variscan Belt (Morocco), exemplified by the Variscan Central Jebilet Massif. The interpretations are based on four new zircon U–Pb ages obtained by sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe (SHRIMP), a geochemical database of Carboniferous mafic sills, dykes, and gabbroic intrusions together, with subordinate layered ultramafic intrusions, silicic intrusive and volcanic rocks of Central Jebilet Massif, combined with previously published and unpublished data including Sr–Nd isotope analyses. Geochemistry data indicate that the early Carboniferous magmatism of the Jebilet Massif is plume-related. Furthermore, primary magmas of the mafic rocks were generated in an intraplate setting and derived by partial melting of complex sources involving asthenosphere, lithospheric mantle, and subducting slab components (dead subduction slabs), and were modified by crustal contamination during ascent. Magmatic rocks in the same stratigraphic position also occur in other Carboniferous basins including Western Meseta (Rehamna and Moroccan Central Massif). The newly obtained and compiled zircon U–Pb ages from Western Meseta rocks, encompassing an area of ∼400,000 km&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, indicate that magmatism occurred between ca. 347–330 Ma, coeval with volcanic activity in the Eastern Meseta in northeastern Morocco. The similar emplacement ages, in combination with the tectonic reconstruction of northwestern Gondwana at ca. 330 Ma, suggest that the igneous subprovinces of the Jebilet, Rehamna, and Moroccan Central Massif in Western Meseta, along with Tazekka, Debdou, and Mekkam in Eastern Meseta, the igneous rocks of the Maritimes (Magdalen) Basin, the St. Jean du Doigt bimodal layered intrusion (Brittany, France), and other equivalents such as the Iberian Pyrite Belt and the Southern Vosges magmatism, may represent the eroded and/or deformed remnants of a Large Igneous Province (LIP), which we name here the North Gondwana–Avalonia (NGA) LIP. We argue that this newly identified LIP was formed by a mantle plume that may have played a role in the breakup along the northwestern margin of the precursor megacontinent Gondwana and the assembly of Pangea. The plume was likely centered under the thick lithosphere of Avalonia. The large-scale sublithospheric plume-flow channeling from the plume head led to the development of widespread tholeiitic/alkaline magmatism in the thinned lithosphere of Western Meseta, interpreted here as a large thin-spot domain, and calc-alkaline/alkaline magmatism in the thickened lithosphere of the Eastern Meseta. The mantle pl","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"258 ","pages":"Article 104905"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanics of methane bubbles in consolidated aquatic muds","authors":"Regina Katsman","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Methane (CH₄) is a potent greenhouse gas that has a major impact on Earth's climate. CH₄ is accommodated in discrete bubbles in aquatic muds, whose sizes greatly exceed the pore size of the hosting sediment. This critical review examines the mechanics of CH₄ gas in consolidated aquatic muds at the scale of a single bubble and at a macroscale of gassy sediments, obtained from lab experiments, field observations, and numerical and analytical modeling. Linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) theory is shown to control the single bubble shape, size, morphology, and inner pressure evolution over its entire life cycle. Reviewed implications focus on the effects of the inner bubble pressure on its solute exchange with ambient pore waters; on the dynamic water load effect (e.g., waves, tides) on the bubble growth rate and its release from sediment into the water column; and on competitive bubble pair growth in the aquatic muds, the process that presumably shapes the bubble size distribution pattern in muds. Alternatively, gassy sediment effective mechanical and physical characteristics and effective gassy media theories are examined at the macroscale, which makes them suitable for remote sensing acoustic applications. This review indicates, however, that most of the developed macroscale effective medium theories rely on the cumulative sediment gas content. Moreover, no theory for proper upscaling of the entire set of the microscale single bubble descriptors addressed in this review – bubble size distribution, their orientations and spatial locations, and inner bubble pressures – to the effective medium mechanical properties of gassy muds, exists. This review will serve, therefore, as a basis for the improved upscaling, while preserving the basic microscale bubble descriptors, their growth physics, and controls. Laying this foundation will enhance the accuracy of the acoustic applications. Improved assessment of sediment gas retention based on this upscaling will contribute to geohazard prediction and should reduce a long-persisting uncertainty related to CH₄ fluxes from the aquatic sediments.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104908"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Discussion: “Haiyang Zhang and Muhammad Arif. Residual trapping capacity of subsurface systems for geological storage of CO2: Measurement techniques, meta-analysis of influencing factors, and future outlook. Earth-Science Reviews (2024): 104764.”","authors":"Haiyang Zhang,&nbsp;Muhammad Arif","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104907","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104907","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Geological storage of CO₂ is a promising technique to mitigate anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. The effectiveness of CO₂ storage in the subsurface formations relies on various trapping mechanisms that immobilize the injected CO₂. Among these mechanisms, residual trapping has been identified as a critical factor, closely associated with residual CO₂ saturation. The extent of residual CO₂ saturation is strongly influenced by the petrophysical physicochemical and hydrodynamic properties of CO₂/fluid/rock systems and operational conditions, thereby governing the overall residual trapping efficiency.</p><p>This article reviews the published experimental datasets on the initial and residual CO₂ saturation and analyzes the corresponding trapping efficiency for a range of in-situ CO₂/fluid/rock systems. We explore the factors that influence trapping efficiency, including wettability, rock type, rock properties, and flow rate. The gas saturations and trapping efficiencies of different gas types (i.e., CO₂, N₂, and H₂) are also discussed. Finally, we present the knowledge gaps and outline prospects for future research. This review establishes a state-of-art data repository of gas saturations in different conditions, enhancing our understanding of residual trapping in subsurface gas storage.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104907"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the pattern of organic carbon burial through Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2","authors":"Huifang Guo ,&nbsp;Xi Chen ,&nbsp;Hanwei Yao ,&nbsp;Yinggang Zhang ,&nbsp;Benjamin J.W. Mills ,&nbsp;Kaibo Han ,&nbsp;Shujuan Wu ,&nbsp;Yida Yang ,&nbsp;Zihao Wang ,&nbsp;David B. Kemp","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104903","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104903","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Cenomanian-Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 (OAE 2, ca. 94 Ma) is characterized by a marked positive carbon isotope excursion (CIE) recorded in global marine basins. This CIE results from a global-scale increase in organic matter burial, facilitated by high productivity and seawater deoxygenation. To date, however, the precise pattern of changes in the burial rate of organic matter through the event has not been well constrained. In this work, we present a compilation of data from 42 globally distributed OAE 2 sites, as well as organic carbon isotope (<span><math><mi>δ</mi></math></span>¹³C_org), total organic carbon (TOC), and trace element concentration data from a new OAE 2 interval in southern Tibet, China. In southern Tibet, the absence of redox-sensitive trace element enrichment through OAE 2 indicates prevailing oxic conditions. Organic carbon (OC) mass accumulation rate (MAR) at this site decreased from the lower part of the CIE to the upper part, in contrast to an approximate doubling of organic carbon MAR in the upper part observed globally. This result, coupled with detailed analysis of the compilation, shows that redox was a key factor controlling organic burial rates during OAE 2, with OC MAR scaling positively with increasing deoxygenation. Leveraging a biogeochemical model to simulate these data suggets that 5–20% of the seafloor became anoxic during OAE 2, and that this deoxygenation was accompanied by 100% to 200% increase in global seawater P concentration. Our findings indicate that during OAE 2, elevated nutrient levels may have resulted from enhanced recycling from sediments under reducing conditions, sustaining intensified primary production and subsequent organic carbon export and burial.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104903"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142149522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The uplift of the East Africa - Arabia swell","authors":"Andrea Sembroni ,&nbsp;Claudio Faccenna ,&nbsp;Thorsten W. Becker ,&nbsp;Paola Molin","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The East Africa - Arabia topographic swell is an anomalously high-elevation region of ∼4000 km long (from southern Ethiopia to Jordan) and ∼ 1500 km wide (from Egypt to Saudi Arabia) extent. The swell is dissected by the Main Ethiopian, Red Sea, and Gulf of Aden rifts, and characterized by widespread basaltic volcanic deposits emplaced from the Eocene to the present. Geochemical and geophysical data confirm the involvement of mantle processes in swell formation; however, they have not been able to fully resolve some issues, e.g., regarding the number and location of plumes and uplift patterns. This study addresses these questions and provides a general evolutionary model of the region by focusing on the present topographic configuration through a quantitative analysis and correlating long and intermediate wavelength features with mantle and rifting processes. Moreover, the isostatic and dynamic components of topography have been evaluated considering a range of seismic tomographic models for the latter. When interpreted jointly with geological data including volcanic deposits, the constraints do imply causation by a single process which shaped the past and present topography of the study area: the upwelling of the Afar superplume. Once hot mantle material reached the base of the lithosphere below the Horn of Africa during the Late Eocene, the plume flowed laterally toward the Levant area guided by pre-existing discontinuities in the Early Miocene. Plume material reached the Anatolian Plateau in the Late Miocene after slab break-off and the consequent formation of a slab window. During plume material advance, buoyancy forces led to the formation of the topographic swell and tilting of the Arabia Peninsula. The persistence of mantle support beneath the study area for tens of million years also affected the formation and evolution of the Nile and Euphrates-Tigris fluvial networks. Subsequently, surface processes, tectonics, and volcanism partly modified the initial topography and shaped the present-day landscape.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"257 ","pages":"Article 104901"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0012825224002289/pdfft?md5=c84fbe63fb920ffba7310b61e0499016&pid=1-s2.0-S0012825224002289-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142043746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}