Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Mid-ocean ridge jumps: Impacts, classification, and mechanisms","authors":"Huixin Guan ,&nbsp;Min Xu ,&nbsp;Minghui Zhao ,&nbsp;Wenxin Xie ,&nbsp;Yujie Quan ,&nbsp;Eric Lee Mittelstaedt ,&nbsp;Sanzhong Li ,&nbsp;Jason Phipps Morgan","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105167","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105167","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mid-ocean ridge jumps (RJs) are key reorganization events in mid-ocean ridge (MOR) systems when a MOR segment shifts to a neighboring location, leaving the old segment inactive. Despite their global significance, current research predominantly concentrates on individual RJs or large jumps, lacking a systematic examination of RJ events. While many studies emphasize hotspot-ridge interactions as a primary driver, earlier work has also highlighted the role of plate motion changes and the potential for synergistic interactions between these two processes. This underscores the need for a more comprehensive investigation. This study systematically investigates RJs across 33 global sites, analyzing over 50 individual RJ events. We initially classify these events into three categories based on their geological settings: (1) in pure divergent settings, (2) in shear zones, and (3) in subduction-influenced zones. Our analysis elucidates the fundamental tectonic processes governing these events, identifying off-axis mantle upwellings and plate motion changes as the primary drivers of RJs across all settings. While mantle upwellings contribute to vertical movements and the weakening of the lithosphere, plate motion changes realign the horizontal stresses necessary for extensional forces and ultimately determine the final placement of new spreading centers. Rather than operating in isolation, these mechanisms interact synergistically, contributing to the intricate dynamics of RJ events. By reevaluating the significance of RJs on the evolution of MORs, our findings greatly contribute to the knowledge of complex structures within the oceanic domain and enhance our comprehension of Earth's crustal evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105167"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cenozoic paleoecological evolution of NE Tibet: A review of magnetostratigraphically-constrained mammal records","authors":"Zhantao Feng ,&nbsp;Weilin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Fang ,&nbsp;Guillaume Dupont-Nivet ,&nbsp;Maodu Yan ,&nbsp;Bastien Mennecart ,&nbsp;Sirui Zhang ,&nbsp;Tao Zhang ,&nbsp;Jinbo Zan ,&nbsp;Chunhui Song","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105156","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The northeastern Tibetan Plateau (NETP) is an ideal laboratory for investigating the interplay between tectonics, climate and biotic evolution. Cenozoic sedimentary basins in this region have recorded ecological shifts linked to the evolution from a wetter monsoonal to an arid climate, in response to the formation of the Tibetan Plateau and to global climate variations. Through decades of intense investigations from various international groups, the Longzhong Basin (LB) in the eastern segment of the NETP represent one of Asia's best dated continental records with a comprehensive set of climate proxies that have allowed major advances in the reconstruction of paleoenvironmental conditions and landscape evolution, as well as understanding of their driving forces. The LB also preserves a particularly rich and well-documented mammal fossil record offering key insights for reconstructing paleoecological conditions by analyzing taxonomic compositions and faunal characteristics. However, a comprehensive review synthesizing previous faunal record studies—which have primarily focused on individual sub-basins of the LB—remains to be performed in order to develop an understanding of regional patterns and drivers of ecological shifts. In this review, we compile the best-dated and richest mammalian fossil records of the LB in the Lanzhou, Xining, and Linxia sub-basins. We integrated all published mammalian fossil taxa from these sub-basins into a re-evaluated magnetostratigraphic framework dating back to the Oligocene. Subsequently, we assigned ecological scores to reflect the environments inhabited by these fossil assemblages, thereby enabling a semi-quantitative reconstruction of their habitats over time and space. Our results suggest that the LB region was characterized by open woodland during the Oligocene–Early Miocene, transitioned to dense forest during the Middle Miocene, and evolved into savanna- and steppe-dominated environments beginning in the Late Miocene. These paleoecological changes, as supported by regional mammalian fossil- and pollen-based ecology studies, strongly correlate with monsoonal precipitation patterns previously reported from terrestrial and marine records. Thus, a progressive intensification of East Asian monsoon precipitation in the LB from late Oligocene to the Early Miocene, a pronounced upsurge during the Middle Miocene, and a large periodic reduction from the late Middle Miocene to the Quaternary can be inferred. Furthermore, integrating these new paleoecological insights with published data on sedimentary facies, provenance, and sedimentation rates allows us to elucidate the regional paleoecological and geomorphological evolution extending to the late Eocene. Under the combined influence of orogenic uplift and global cooling, the LB region gradually evolved from low-elevation, low-relief landscapes characterized by drier conditions and open woodland environments following the Eocene–Oligocene Transition to relati","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105156"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144114911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance of Cretaceous-Miocene sediments in Borneo: Implications for paleogeographic patterns and tectonic evolution","authors":"Zuofei Zhu ,&nbsp;Yi Yan ,&nbsp;Qi Zhao ,&nbsp;Yildirim Dilek ,&nbsp;Andrew Carter ,&nbsp;Meor H. Amir Hassan ,&nbsp;Wei Yan ,&nbsp;Pibo Su ,&nbsp;Yang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105165","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105165","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cretaceous-Miocene sedimentary rocks of northern Borneo contain a record of sediment routing linked to subduction of the paleo-Pacific and closure of the proto-South China Sea. How the sediment routing system responded to these changes continues to be debated, hindered by limited datasets. New Sr isotope data, combined with previous geochemical and chronological data, to determine the provenance of the Cretaceous-Miocene sediments in Borneo. Late Cretaceous-early Paleocene Lubok Antu Mélange, Lupar Formation and Layar Member of the Rajang Group in Sarawak, central Borneo have low ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios and high Ɛ_Nd values and are dominated by Cretaceous detrital zircon grains. The results consistent with sources from the collapsed upper Mesozoic magmatic belt on the Sunda Shelf. In the Paleocene-Eocene Kapit, Pelagus, Metah and Bawang Members of the Rajang Group, there is a decrease in Ɛ_Nd values and an accompanying increase in Permian-Triassic and pre-Permian zircon ages. These trends imply that materials eroded from the Eastern Province of Malay Peninsula became progressively more important to the Sarawak region after the early Paleocene. By contrast, to the east, Eocene strata in the Sabah region remain dominated by Cretaceous detrital zircons, sourced mainly from the Schwaner Mountains. Large numbers of Permian-Triassic detrital zircon ages in the Oligocene-middle Miocene strata of Sarawak and Sabah reflect a drainage network extending to older strata along the Malay Peninsula region since the late Eocene. These sources were cut off once South China Sea began to open, leaving the Schwaner Mountains and uplifted central Borneo as the dominant source of sediments in Sabah. The observed changes in sediment provenance between Sarawak in the west and Sabah in the east reflects changes in sediment routing that tracked subduction of the paleo-Pacific plate and the progressive closure of the proto-South China Sea during the late Cretaceous to middle Miocene.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105165"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144099797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early Triassic time scale: New constraints from the Nanpanjiang Basin in South China and a review of geochronological, biostratigraphical and carbon isotope data","authors":"Marc Leu ,&nbsp;André Navin Paul ,&nbsp;Hugo Bucher ,&nbsp;Philipp Widmann ,&nbsp;Zoneibe Luz ,&nbsp;Torsten Vennemann ,&nbsp;Urs Schaltegger","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following the Permian-Triassic Boundary mass extinction (PTBME), the Early Triassic biotic recovery witnessed several failed recoveries of the nekton and marked changes in the ecological associations of terrestrial plants during its 5 my time span. This period is characterized by a series of profound fluctuations of the global carbon cycle, associated with changes in global climate and closely related changes in sea level, weathering rates, redox conditions, and finally organic carbon burial. However, the pacing and the underlying cause(s) of these changes are not yet well constrained, nor understood. Episodic pulses of volcanism of the Siberian Large Igneous Province (S-LIP) are commonly proposed as a trigger for these Early Triassic climate disturbances. However, S-LIP magmatism does not extend over a sufficiently long period to explain the carbon cycle disturbances and associated biotic setbacks during the Smithian and the Spathian, that is during most of the Early Triassic.</div><div>This study develops a precise chronological framework for the Early Triassic substages by integrating new and published U<img>Pb zircon ages of volcanic ash beds with detailed biostratigraphic and carbon isotope data. The combination of these methods allows for the accurate delineation and bracketing of stage and substage boundaries and provides insights into the timing of biotic and environmental changes. This age-depth model spans from the latest Permian until the earliest Middle-Triassic and is accurately correlated to the carbonate C-isotope record, ammonoid and conodont biochronology of a composite section from the Nanpanjiang Basin (South China). In the studied outer shelf sections, unconformities terminate periods of condensed deposition that coincide with positive shifts in the δ¹³C_carb isotope record. Duration of main unconformities is assessed by the age-depth model and are mostly close to biostratigraphic boundaries such as the Permian-Triassic (PTB), Dienerian-Smithian (DSB), Smithian-Spathian (SSB) and Spathian-Anisian (SAB). This approach allows us to define the ages of Early Triassic substage boundaries and the pace of carbon cycle fluctuations more accurately at the millennial timescale. The age of Griesbachian-Dienerian boundary (GDB) is confined between 251.669 + 0.057/−0.057 Ma and 251.657 + 0.057/−0.059 Ma, the DSB between 251.005 + 0.084/−0.075 Ma and 250.772 + 0.067/−0.084 Ma, the SSB between 249.347 + 0.051/−0.053 Ma and 249.326 + 0.055/−0.056 Ma and the SAB between 247.183 + 0.040/−0.044 Ma and 246.883 + 0.082/−0.073 Ma. Furthermore, the durations of the δ¹³C_carb cycles and the ages of its excursion peaks (N1-P4) were determined and compared.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105157"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144106675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-stage differential exhumation of the West Junggar and adjacent regions, NW China, revealed by regional low-temperature thermochronology","authors":"Yamei Wang ,&nbsp;Jiyuan Yin ,&nbsp;Wenjiao Xiao ,&nbsp;Stuart N. Thomson ,&nbsp;Tao Wang ,&nbsp;Yannan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhiyuan He ,&nbsp;Wen Chen ,&nbsp;Keda Cai ,&nbsp;Fucheng Tan ,&nbsp;Johan De Grave","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The West Junggar, a key segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt, lies between the ranges of the Tianshan and Altai Orogenic Belts, providing an opportunity to investigate the complexities of an orogenic system that records long-term intracontinental deformation. Although the West Junggar Orogenic Belt has been reactivated multiple times since the late Paleozoic, the timing and driving forces behind these events remain poorly constrained. Additionally, the different response mechanisms to specific tectonic events of the West Junggar, Tianshan, and Chinese Altai orogenic belts have not been thoroughly explored. To address these questions, we present new zircon and apatite (U<img>Th)/He and apatite fission track data, combined with a synthesis of previously published data, including 1080 apatite fission track ages, 28 zircon fission track ages, 302 apatite (U<img>Th)/He ages, and 68 zircon (U<img>Th)/He ages. These data allow us to reconstruct the spatial and temporal exhumation patterns of the West Junggar and adjacent regions since the late Paleozoic. Our results reveal two cooling phases of the West Junggar Orogenic Belt: rapid cooling during the early Permian to late Triassic (∼290–230 Ma), associated with the closure of Paleo-Asian Ocean, and moderate cooling during early Jurassic to early Cretaceous (∼180–140 Ma), driven by strike-slip fault reactivation related to the counterclockwise rotation of Junggar Block. Orogen-scale contour maps of low-temperature thermochronological ages and exhumation rates highlight contrasting deformation patterns across the Tianshan, Chinese Altai, and West Junggar Orogenic Belts. The Tianshan Orogenic Belt underwent multiple stages of cooling and exhumation, where large strike-slip fault systems and preexisting crustal heterogeneities led to an irregular spatiotemporal distribution of deformation in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic. The most extensive and intense deformation occurred in the late Miocene, likely associated with the India-Eurasia collision. However, owing to a lithospheric weak zone beneath the Tianshan Orogenic Belt, far-field stress associated with this collision was insufficient to drive Cenozoic deformation in the Chinese Altai Orogenic Belt. A regional pulse of Cretaceous cooling is recorded throughout the Chinese Altai, though the tectonic driver remains debated. In contrast, the West Junggar has remained remarkably stable since the late Mesozoic. Based on the regional geological structure, we propose that the stability of the West Junggar since the late Mesozoic can attributed to two factors: the NE-SW structure is consistent with the maximum principal stress orientation, and the rigid Kazakhstan Orocline, which has likely inhibited significant shortening or reactivation in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105154"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reorganization of antecedent rivers in response to the evolving landscape at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Baotian Pan ,&nbsp;Zijuan Dong ,&nbsp;Zhenbo Hu ,&nbsp;David Bridgland ,&nbsp;Qinhong Mo ,&nbsp;Xiaohua Li ,&nbsp;Menghao Li ,&nbsp;Yanan Yang ,&nbsp;Meiling Zhong ,&nbsp;Renzhe Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Drainage reorganization is generally associated with the coupling of crustal movements and climatic influences, although, in terms of landscape evolution, the responses of river systems to these competing roles remain elusive. Here, we focus on patterns of drainage reorganization in relation to rivers interacting with uplifting mountains, aiming to establish processes and patterns of drainage reorganization in the mountainous fringe of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau during episodes of arid or semi-arid climate during the Quaternary. This work has used sedimentary and geomorphological data from north–south oriented gaps through recently uplifted mountains, with copious geochronological constraint from optically stimulated luminescence, ¹⁴C and cosmogenic nuclide exposure dating, the last involving ¹⁰Be exposure and ¹⁰Be depth-profile analysis. We find that these gaps, now with uplifting mountains on both sides, were initially the lowland courses of rivers originating from the Qilian Shan mountain-range at the northeastern plateau margin. Gravels representing Qilian Shan rivers following these lowland courses have been dated to ∼200 ka, 120–100 ka and 80–50 ka. As the newly formed mountains uplifted further and coalesced, in combination with a cooling and drying climate, the rivers draining through the gaps were forced to reorganize by means of valley deepening and diversion. Two episodes of such reorganization are seen from our geochronology: at 119 ka and 30 ka. It can be concluded that the initial river pattern was driven by tectonic activity, but was later adjusted as part of complex landscape evolution in response to the coupling of surface uplift and climate change. Our results imply that drainage reorganization is primarily driven by crustal movements, although the potential influence of climate change on this process in the region cannot be entirely excluded.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105153"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restoration of buried organic carbon for catagenesis-affected rocks using Rock-Eval thermal analysis: Assumptions, performance, and uncertainty analysis","authors":"Qianyou Wang ,&nbsp;Yaohua Li ,&nbsp;Hamed Sanei ,&nbsp;Arka Rudra ,&nbsp;Ming Yuan ,&nbsp;Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Yizhou Huang ,&nbsp;Richard H. Worden","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Total organic carbon (<em>TOC</em>) content, a classic indicator of rock organic richness, is widely used in geological archives for paleoenvironmental interpretation and petroleum system modeling. However, organic carbon (OC) undergoes significant alteration and loss upon burial, rendering present-day <em>TOC</em> measurements inadequate for reflecting original OC levels. Many approaches have been developed to restore such OC loss based on mass balance principles and Rock-Eval parameters, yet these methods rely on implicit assumptions that introduce uncertainties and have not been tested. Based on a reevaluation of previous restoration methods, this study proposed a mass balance framework with a refined algebraic scheme to reconstruct buried (pre-catagenesis) <em>TOC</em>. A one-at-a-time sensitivity analysis method was introduced to quantify the propagation uncertainties in the model by examining the responses of <em>TOC</em> restoration outputs (<em>TR</em>, <em>f</em>, and <em>σ</em>_<em>TOC</em>) to variations in key inputs (<em>TOC</em>^<em>pd</em>, <em>BI</em>^<em>pd</em>, <em>HI</em>^<em>pd</em>, <em>HI</em>^<em>o</em>, <em>Cc</em>, <em>α</em>, and <em>β</em>). Simulated Rock-Eval data, derived from <em>HI</em>-<em>T</em>_<em>max</em> sigmoid models, was utilized in sensitivity analysis to avoid the influence of source rock heterogeneity and organo-facies variations. Both the simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model improves the <em>TOC</em> restoration accuracy by accounting for the rock mass changes and OC deductions due to hydrocarbon expulsion. Furthermore, the uncertainties arising from S₁ “carry-over” and mineral matrix effects are resolved through the new equations. This study, from a sensitivity analysis perspective, summarizes the impacts of input parameters in perspectives of kerogen kinetics and thermal maturation, offering a guideline for more robust <em>TOC</em> restoration and evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105155"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143941322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of mineral-forming bacteria in mangrove rhizosphere in enhancing coastal soil stability, carbon sequestration, and heavy metals removal","authors":"Afrah Siddique ,&nbsp;Zulfa Al Disi ,&nbsp;Mohammad A. Al-Ghouti ,&nbsp;Nabil Zouari","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mangrove forests are found in intertidal zones of tropical and subtropical regions, playing crucial roles in coastal protection. They serve as natural buffers against wave dynamics, effectively mitigating coastal erosion. Despite covering a small fraction of coastal areas, mangrove forests sequester more carbon dioxide compared to terrestrial vegetation. However, they face significant pressures from both natural forces and human activities, such as coastal development and industrialization, leading to contamination with organic and inorganic pollutants. The accumulation of toxic metals in mangrove ecosystems is of particular concern. This poses significant risks to these forests, which serve as vital habitats and nurseries for marine organisms. Heavy metals accumulate in fish and can potentially enter human food chains through consumption. Mangroves are capable of adapting stressful conditions due to their interaction with soil microorganisms. Mineral-forming bacteria residing in the rhizosphere of mangrove trees play a pivotal role in this context. These bacteria aid in stabilizing heavy metals through mineral precipitation and convert inorganic carbon into a stable carbonate mineral, contributing to carbon sequestration. The biomineralization enhances sediment stability and supports the overall resilience of mangrove ecosystem. While the microbial processes hold a great promise, their role remain underexplored and not fully integrated into the current restoration strategies. Bridging this knowledge gap through interdisciplinary research is essential for developing more sustainable and effective approaches to mangrove conservation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 105151"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining uncertainties in major-ion reconstructions of seawater from halite fluid inclusions","authors":"Clara L. Blättler","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluid inclusions of evaporitic brines within halite deposits are one of our most valuable records for reconstructing seawater composition over geological timescales. They have been used to generate estimates of major element and even some trace element concentrations in seawater over time; these reconstructions are widely used as constraints for a variety of applications. The uncertainties in this method of paleoseawater reconstruction are well known to those who perform the measurements and generate the reconstructions, but are not commonly appreciated outside of the community that works on halite fluid inclusions. This contribution seeks to critically examine those uncertainties and highlight the artifacts that exist within familiar seawater reconstructions. The greatest uncertainties stem from the assumption that gypsum saturation has remained constant, which affects reconstructed calcium and sulfate concentrations. The reconstructed magnesium record also shows unrealistic levels of scatter and is likely unreliable, and this scatter is transferred to reconstructed sodium concentrations because of how the requirement of charge balance is handled. Independent proxy constraints on aspects of seawater chemistry are subject to their own assumptions and uncertainties and are generally not precise enough to offer robust alternative reconstructions. However, an alternative approach that uses the fluid inclusion record in a more limited way, along with calibrated stoichiometric relationships among major ions over the Neogene, shows some promise and should be explored further. It is possible that future work combining the most robust features of the fluid inclusion record, new independent constraints on major ion concentrations, and reasonable ion-exchange reactions or reaction networks could be used to develop improved estimates for major-ion concentrations in seawater over Earth history. Despite the weaknesses of the fluid inclusion archive, it remains at present the source of our best available constraints for the secular evolution of seawater chemistry, but it should also be used carefully and with awareness of its inherent uncertainties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"267 ","pages":"Article 105142"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil Taxonomy adapted to buried paleosols: First approximation","authors":"Lee Nordt ,&nbsp;Gary Stinchcomb ,&nbsp;Paul McCarthy ,&nbsp;Steven Driese","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Buried paleosols are important reservoirs of paleoenvironmental information, yet there is no unified system to taxonomicallyclassify them on geological timescales. Here we present the first approximation of a soil-paleosol taxonomy modified from properties in the <em>Soil Taxonomy</em> thatcan be reasonably and reliably described, measured, and interpreted. The rationale for this approach follows theconcept of uniformitarianism that the twelve soil orders recognized in <em>Soil Taxonomy</em> were present during the Phanerozoic. The diagnostic information required for application of the soil-paleosol taxonomy is obtained from field descriptions, bulk geochemical assays, and petrographic thin sections. The key to the soil-paleosol taxonomy is evaluated in the same sequence as soils in the <em>Soil Taxonomy</em>, and are: paleo-Gelisols (permafrost) &gt; paleo-Histosols (organic materials) &gt; paleo-Spodosols (illuvial organics, sesquioxides) &gt; paleo-Andisols (volcanic glass, phosphorus retention), paleo-Oxisols (residual sesquioxides) &gt; paleo-Vertisols (shrink-swellclays) &gt; paleo-Aridisols (aridic soil moisture regime) &gt; Paleo-Ultisols (low fertility, illuvialclays) &gt; paleo-Mollisols (high fertility, surface horizon) &gt; paleo-Alfisols (high fertility, illuvialclays) &gt; paleo-Inceptisols (incipient subsoil) &gt; paleo-Entisols (surface horizon). The paleopedologist will ultimately determine when diagenetic alterations prevent application of the soil-paleosol taxonomy. However, diagnosticcriteria were successfully evaluated against some 30 paleosols reported in the literature that had been minimally altered by diagenesis. Nearly one-half of those paleosols were misclassified, significantly altering the original interpretation of associated environmentalconditions. The soil-paleosol taxonomy for paleosols will enhance our understanding of the soil forming factors, lead to the development of new analytical tools, promote stratigraphiccorrelation both spatially and temporally, andcontribute to the development of acomprehensive database.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"266 ","pages":"Article 105141"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143904079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}