Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Mechanical properties of gas hydrate-bearing sediments: Research progress, challenges and perspectives","authors":"Yapeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Gaowei Hu ,&nbsp;Lele Liu ,&nbsp;Changling Liu ,&nbsp;Yizhao Wan ,&nbsp;Qingtao Bu ,&nbsp;Yunkai Ji ,&nbsp;Zhun Zhang ,&nbsp;Liang Kong","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We provide a comprehensive overview and summarizes the recent advances in the mechanical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments (HBS) from three aspects: experimental investigation, numerical simulation, and constitutive model. Mechanical properties and microscopic mechanisms under the influence of multiple factors are expounded in depth. The results show that hydrate saturation and confining pressure are the most significant factors affecting the mechanical behavior of HBS, and the effects of various factors are different and coupled. The essence of macroscopic mechanical properties is the evolution of microscopic particle relationships. Numerical simulation is an important means to study cross-scale mechanical behavior. The constitutive model is typified by the elastoplastic model based on critical state theory. Further, the challenges facing current research are discussed, and the solutions and development directions are clarified. In the future, the focus should be on the cross-scale unification of micro (atomic and crystal scales), <em>meso</em> (particle scale) to macro (sample and reservoir scales), also including the study of non-homogeneous fracture-filling hydrate. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need to establish unified industry standards and a global database to accelerate academic exchanges and sharing of achievements.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143348075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ice-marginal terrestrial landsystems: Sediment heterogeneity, architecture and hydrogeological implications","authors":"Emmanuelle Arnaud ,&nbsp;Tara Harvey ,&nbsp;Laura Weaver ,&nbsp;Jessica R. Meyer ,&nbsp;Beth L. Parker","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previously glaciated landscapes often present unique challenges for hydrogeological investigations. Specifically, ice-marginal terrestrial landsystems are often difficult to characterize and model considering the dynamic nature of the ice and associated meltwater and sediment gravity flow processes that result in heterogeneous sediment successions and architectures over a range of scales. This paper integrates the many advances in our understanding of glacial geology with a focus on its hydrogeological implications. Ice-marginal terrestrial landsystems can be conceptualized as complex arrangements of glacial conditions that vary as the ice margin stagnates or fluctuates over time. Subglacial, englacial, proglacial, glaciofluvial, glaciolacustrine and gravitational or glacitectonic deformation processes lead to erosional and depositional elements that stack over time to form complex subsurface successions with uncertain lateral variability. The geomorphology and sediments at surface within an area are the last expression of those erosional and depositional elements over time. The nature and architecture of sediment types expected in eight different settings are reviewed and their hydrogeological significance discussed. The evolution of a contaminated site's conceptual model is then used to demonstrate how detailed sedimentological and stratigraphic characterization of glacial successions together with an understanding of ice-marginal landsystems, can lead to a more robust site conceptual model of hydraulic conductivity architecture that can better constrain hydrogeological investigations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"262 ","pages":"Article 105059"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meta-analysis of the DOUNCE event (Shuram/Wonoka excursion): Pattern, variation, causal mechanism, and global correlation","authors":"Yinggang Zhang ,&nbsp;Maoyan Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The DOUNCE (<em>DOU</em>shantuo <em>N</em>egative <em>C</em>arbon isotope <em>E</em>xcursion) was marked by a significant shift in δ¹³C_carb from ∼ + 5 ‰ down to ∼ − 12 ‰ in the upper part of the Ediacaran Doushantuo Formation of South China. As an equivalent event of the Shuram/Wonoka anomaly, the DOUNCE event is the largest negative δ¹³C_carb excursion in geological history and denotes a global ocean oxygenation event. Consequently, it has been widely used as a chemostratigraphic tool for correlating the Ediacaran strata globally. Nonetheless, the DOUNCE exhibits variable stratigraphic expressions across sections and depositional environments, raising questions about its representation as a primary indicator of the Ediacaran seawater δ¹³C value. Such variability casts doubt on the reliability of the DOUNCE for global correlation, and its implications for the carbon cycle, oceanic oxygenation, and biological evolution during the Ediacaran period. To elucidate the DOUNCE event as a synchronous global occurrence and a chemostratigraphic tool, we have compiled the “DOUNCEraq”, a global-scale database comprising 9375 valid δ¹³C_carb analyses from 156 sections/boreholes documenting the DOUNCE/Shuram/Wonoka event. Our meta-analysis of DOUNCEraq highlights the global scope of the DOUNCE event and reveals the presence of an instant rise stage post the abrupt δ¹³C_carb decline as an inherent feature of the DOUNCE pattern. Moreover, it also emphasizes the impacts of palaeolatitude, palaeocontinent, water depth, and lithology on the DOUNCE's pattern and variability: (1) lower pre-DOUNCE δ¹³C_carb values and smaller shift magnitudes within 30–0°N compared to the southern hemisphere; (2) compared to the shallower sections, deep-water sections exhibit lower pre-DOUNCE and DOUNCE nadir δ¹³C_carb values with smaller shift magnitudes relative to shallower sections; (3) dolostones demonstrate lower pre-DOUNCE values, higher values at the DOUNCE nadirs, and smaller shift magnitudes compared to limestones. Such local impacts on the DOUNCE pattern provide important constraints on the causes of the DOUNCE event and could be explained within the DOC-oxidation hypothesis via regulating oxidants supply. Overall, the present meta-analysis enhances our understanding of the DOUNCE's global stratigraphic expressions and provides important constraints on the DOUNCE causes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105000"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Cenozoic evolution of the Yellow River","authors":"Xu Lin ,&nbsp;Maximilian Dröllner ,&nbsp;Milo Barham ,&nbsp;Jing Liu-Zeng ,&nbsp;Marc Jolivet ,&nbsp;Haijin Liu ,&nbsp;Kaige Guan ,&nbsp;Chengwei Hu ,&nbsp;Xiaokang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104997","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The evolution of rivers is closely tied to basin tectonics and climate change. Consequently, understanding the formation and evolution of large rivers (which can traverse diverse geological units and potentially complex climatic zones) can provide valuable insights into regional to continental tectonic activity and climate change. The Yellow River, which originates in the Tibetan Plateau and flows into the western Pacific Ocean, is the longest river in northern China, spanning approximately 5464 km. Previous research suggests that critical development stages of the Yellow River took place in a punctuated fashion during the Eocene, Miocene, and Pliocene to Pleistocene but the drivers have not been comprehensively investigated. In this study, we examined published U&lt;img&gt;Pb detrital zircon data from sedimentary basins and boreholes in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 15,976) to resolve the evolution of river segments, as well as the broader catchment. These data were then compared with U&lt;img&gt;Pb zircon data from potential source areas (&lt;em&gt;n&lt;/em&gt; = 16,976), with consideration of the reported sedimentology, climate, and tectonic context of the region in order to create a more holistic model of the Yellow River system evolution. The results suggest that the Yellow River catchment developed within a large-scale foreland basin and fault basin, primarily influenced by the subduction of the Indian and Pacific plates towards the Asian continent during the Paleogene. Arid climate conditions during the Paleogene favored the development of an endorheic river system in the Yellow River catchment. During the middle Miocene, what is now considered the upper reaches of the Yellow River flowed from the northeastern Tibetan Plateau into the Yinchuan Basin, influenced by the expansion of the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Nonetheless, the “proto-Yellow River” (temporal equivalent of the upper and middle reaches of the Yellow River) stayed on the rain-shadow side of the East Asian summer monsoon during this period, resulting in arid climates and the formation of endorheic rivers. What is now considered the lower reaches of the Yellow River, including the Kaifeng, Bohai Bay, and South Yellow Sea basins, developed independent depocenters that were not interconnected during the Miocene. The present-day upper, middle, and lower reaches of the Yellow River were not connected during the middle Miocene. During the Pliocene, the upper Yellow River originated in the Guide and Xining basins and flowed into the Yinchuan Basin. However, the arid climate and fault depression in the Hetao Basin impeded the current upper Yellow River from flowing into the Jinshan Canyon in the middle reaches. During the Pliocene, the temporal equivalent of the middle reaches of the precursor Yellow River had already extended into the Sanmenxia Basin, a state that is referred to here as the eo-Yellow River (the Yellow River began to develop in its middle","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 104997"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wind erosion in northern China: Insights from the western Qaidam fold belt, Loess Plateau, and Hami Basin","authors":"Paul Kapp ,&nbsp;Alex Pullen ,&nbsp;Jordan T. Abell ,&nbsp;Liyun Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105037","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Pliocene – Quaternary wind erosion profoundly modified the physiography of northern China at a large range of spatial (10 m to &gt;100 km) and temporal (10 ka to Myr) scales. In the western Qaidam Basin along the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, northwesterly winds sculpted yardangs in actively folding Miocene – Pleistocene strata. Wind erosion was most dominant during glacial periods, whereas lacustrine deposition was more extensive during warmer and wetter interglacial periods. Cyclical wind erosion and sedimentation is recorded by paleoyardangs in Pliocene – Pleistocene strata. A thickness of hundreds to thousands of meters of strata has been blown off the crests of Qaidam anticlines. Wind erosion initiated at ∼3 Ma and increased in spatial extent and magnitude from early to late Pleistocene time as aridity intensified and strata were tectonically uplifted. Qaidam anticlines are propagating in the windward direction and accelerated in growth concomitant with wind erosion, raising the possibility that spatially variable removal of mass by wind influenced the rates and kinematics of deformation. To the east of Qaidam Basin is the Chinese Loess Plateau. The northern, windward margin of the central Loess Plateau is an up to 400-m-high erosional escarpment made of loess that slopes northward into the wind-eroded and endorheic Mu Us Desert. During Pleistocene aridification and expansion of the Mu Us Desert, the Loess Plateau escarpment margin retreated as it was wind eroded while loess continued to accumulate downwind and further build the plateau. The Hami Basin within the eastern Tian Shan of northwestern China is one of the windiest regions on Earth today and part of the broader Gobi Desert that extends eastward into Mongolia. In the north-central Hami Basin, northerly winds sculpted yardangs in Cretaceous strata and have blown a thickness of ≥200 m of Cretaceous – Pleistocene strata out of the closed basin. Wind erosion of northern Hami Pleistocene alluvial deposits led to the widespread development of unconsolidated gravel deposits and pavements. These gravels armor underlying alluvial strata from further wind erosion and thereby suppress dust emissions, despite extreme winds. The Hami and other Gobi Desert basins may have experienced an overall decrease in dust emissions from Pliocene to late Pleistocene time as the volume of silt-bearing strata decreased in the basins while the area of the basins armored by gravel increased. Structural unloading joints in some Hami yardang fields accelerate rates of wind erosion and yardang demise, and their wind-parallel orientation provides another potential example of an interplay between wind erosion and rock deformation. This review suggests that the sources and fluxes of Asian dust were not spatially uniform through the Neogene and Quaternary. The geological and topographic history, landscape evolution, and short- and long-term climate variations in Asia all need to be simultaneousl","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105037"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traversing the rift: A review of the evolution of the West and Central African Rift System and its economic potential","authors":"Nils Lenhardt ,&nbsp;Erepamo J. Omietimi ,&nbsp;Aitalokhai J. Edegbai ,&nbsp;Lorenz Schwark ,&nbsp;Octavian Catuneanu ,&nbsp;James D. Fairhead ,&nbsp;Annette E. Götz","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.104999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Cretaceous to recent West and Central African Rift System is a major geological feature in Africa, extending 4000 km from the west to the east. Its formation is related to the breakup of Gondwana and the separation of Africa from South America, during which a complex network of extensional, wrench and pull-apart basins formed. These basins can be separated into two coeval rift sub-systems, the West African Rift System and the Central African Rift System. Both systems are genetically related but are physically separated and show significant structural as well as sedimentological differences. However, despite its great importance for the history of the African continent, our understanding of its origins and evolution is limited due to a scarcity of geophysical and sedimentological data. In this review paper, we examine the sedimentary and igneous basin-fill of the major West and Central African Rift System basins using literature data from the previous five decades. We analyse basin evolution, sequence stratigraphy, changing environmental and palaeoclimatic conditions, and economic aspects of the basins. Furthermore, we address future needs and challenges in research and collaboration between academia and industry to better understand the vast economic potential of the West and Central African Rift System basins. Ultimately, our findings shed light on the complicated geological history of the West and Central African Rift System and offer vital insights for future research and development in the region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 104999"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Natural records of supercritical fluids in subduction zones","authors":"Yang-Yang Wang ,&nbsp;Yilin Xiao ,&nbsp;Ren-Xu Chen ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Ji-Lei Li ,&nbsp;Shun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105031","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105031","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A supercritical fluid (SCF) in a silicate-H₂O system was generally regarded as a homogeneous phase formed under pressure and temperature (P-T) conditions higher than the second critical endpoint of the system. It evolves into a hydrous melt and aqueous fluid with decreasing P-T conditions or after interactions with wall rocks during fluid migration. Subduction zones are preferable sites for seeking records of SCFs in the natural systems, particularly when the P-T paths of the rocks cross through the stability area of the SCFs. This contribution first defines SCF by considering the homogeneous fluid above the critical curve of the corresponding rock–H₂O system as a generalized SCF and then reviews the recent advances about the natural records of SCFs in subduction zones. Specifically, multiphase inclusions are the most direct proxy for SCF with both fluid-bearing and fluid-free ones containing complex mineral associations being probably linked to SCFs. The major element composition of the SCF recovered from multiphase inclusions is broadly consistent with the experimental data, showing an intermediate composition between the aqueous fluid and hydrous melt. The SCF-associated element transportation can be determined in ultrahigh pressure veins, accessory minerals, and mantle wedges, mostly based on the strong capability of SCFs to transport high field strength elements and heavy rare earth elements. The phase separation of SCF is widespread, including both microscale evidence of inclusions and macroscale evidence of composite veins as well as concurrent signals of fluid and melt metasomatism in the mantle wedge. Isotopic fractionations associated with SCFs have been reported intermittently. However, it mainly depends on the isotope composition of source rock and the dissolving capacity of the SCF. Finally, we propose certain identification criteria of SCF relative to aqueous fluid and hydrous melt by integrating the published data, including specific multiphase inclusion signatures; major element ratios of CaO/Al₂O₃ (fluid/source rock) ≥ 1.15, FeO/Al₂O₃ (fluid/source rock) ≥ 0.5, and MgO/Al₂O₃ (fluid/source rock) ≥ 0.6; and large Nb<img>Ta fractionation. Other signatures of SCFs, such as high sulfur content and abnormal Fe-Mg-Cr-O-S isotope compositions, also display potential. However, further studies are required to validate these.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105031"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142889440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paleoclimatic significance of water isotopes in speleothem fluid inclusions","authors":"Stéphane Affolter ,&nbsp;Timon Kipfer ,&nbsp;Elisa Hofmeister ,&nbsp;Markus Leuenberger ,&nbsp;Dominik Fleitmann","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Speleothems (cave carbonate) contain fluid inclusions that are natural repositories of cave drip water and precipitation respectively. This water is stored within the speleothem calcite matrix and well preserved from post-depositional alterations in cave environments. Extracting the water and analysing its isotopes provide direct information about the hydrological cycle on timescales ranging from months to millions of years (&gt;10⁶ years). Therefore, speleothem fluid inclusions offer the opportunity to address key questions about paleorainfall and paleotemperatures, as water isotopes can be used to reconstruct temperatures or origin of moisture at the time of calcite deposition. This review aims to explore the background and history of speleothem fluid inclusion science and the development of analytical methods and records, thereby giving new insights into the potential of fluid inclusions. Based on a compilation of available speleothem fluid inclusion water isotopes, we developed a paleo-Global Meteoric Water Line (paleo-GMWL) that shows a similar slope to modern precipitation which corroborates the potential of fluid inclusions in the reconstruction of past precipitation. Similarly, first spatial observations seem to highlight the potential of fluid inclusions to contribute to a Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation in the past (paleo-GNIP). Recent analytical developments will further enable the production of highly-resolved water isotope records for continental areas. Therefore, overall, there is a great potential in the use of speleothem fluid inclusions in paleoclimate sciences, which will provide information about past climate and allow data-model comparisons.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105026"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene extreme flood distribution patterns in the upper and middle Yellow River: A review based on slackwater deposits","authors":"Wenhua Gao ,&nbsp;Kaifeng Li ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Miao ,&nbsp;Liang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Investigating the past occurrences of Yellow River floods provides essential insights into the river's natural variability and recurrent patterns over time. This historical context is indispensable for predicting and mitigating future flood events. However, comprehending the long-term variability of these extreme flood events faces challenges from the limited duration and sparse geographical distribution of gauging station records. Fortunately, flood slackwater deposits (SWDs) within the fluvial stratigraphy provide excellent records for reconstructing extreme floods beyond historical documents and modern observations. Here we scrutinize and synthesize the reported SWD records from the upper and middle Yellow River, and conduct a meta-analysis of these floods, in order to reconstruct the distribution patterns of extreme floods throughout the Holocene. 30 SWD sequences from 57 sites passed our rigorous data quality scrutiny, and subsequently total of 72 flood units (with different age-quality levels) were utilized to reconstruct the spatiotemporal distribution of Holocene extreme floods. Our results identified five extreme flood-rich periods, centered at 8500 yr BP, 6300–6100 yr BP, 4300–4000 yr BP, 3400–3000 yr BP, and 1800–1600 yr BP. The floods in these periods exhibit a significant increase in frequency and a shift in their spatial scale after ∼5000 yr BP, which are probably modulated by millennial-scale summer insolation, resulting in increased El Niño-Southern Oscillation activity and intensified latitudinal temperature gradient. Our comparison analysis between flood-rich periods and various climatic proxies suggests a centennial-scale ‘dry-cold’ climatic configuration during these periods. An anomalous low-latitude western North Pacific anticyclone, coupled with an anomalous mid-latitude cyclone-anticyclone pair, contribute to the convergence of water vapor from the western Pacific and Arctic region into northern China. This convergence led to extraordinary rainstorms and extreme floods in the upper and middle Yellow River, which significantly impact the human activity in the lower Yellow River. In addition, identifying Holocene extreme flood-rich periods and their climatic configurations offers new insights for predicting long-term extreme hydrological events in the region. Nonetheless, the uncertainty of our synthesis results owing to the limitation of currently available data should be considered and warrants verification in future studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105039"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143136873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global vegetation zonation and terrestrial climate of the warm Early Eocene","authors":"Nick Thompson ,&nbsp;Ulrich Salzmann ,&nbsp;David K. Hutchinson ,&nbsp;Stephanie L. Strother ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Pound ,&nbsp;Torsten Utescher ,&nbsp;Julia Brugger ,&nbsp;Thomas Hickler ,&nbsp;Emma P. Hocking ,&nbsp;Daniel J. Lunt","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105036","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2024.105036","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The early Eocene is a key geological time interval to further our understanding of climate change and biosphere variability under high atmospheric CO₂ concentrations of more than 800 ppmv that could potentially be reached by the end of this century under very high emission scenarios. Vegetation plays a crucial role in the global carbon cycle and climate, and future warming associated with high atmospheric CO₂ will alter modern vegetation patterns and biome distribution, consequently affecting vegetation-climate feedbacks. Here we present the most comprehensive global synthesis of vegetation and quantitative terrestrial climate estimates to date, compiled for 193 palaeobotanical locations, covering the early Eocene (Ypresian; 56.0-47.8 Ma). The floristic components of these palaeofloras are translated into 41 Plant Functional Types (PFT) and statistically grouped into palaeo-biomes. In addition, we used leaf phenology and PFT percentage of shrubs and xerophytes to assess vegetation openness. Our global biome reconstruction and quantitative climate estimates show a warmer and overall wetter world with reduced latitudinal temperature gradients and highlight the importance of climate seasonality as environmental controls of early Eocene biome distribution. A comparison of proxy-based reconstructions with outputs of the vegetation model BIOME4, driven by climate models of the Deep-Time Model Intercomparison Project (DeepMIP), show general good agreement at low intertropical and high polar latitudes. However, widespread discrepancies between proxy reconstructed forests and woodlands and modelled dry shrublands and deserts, covering most of the subtropics and mid latitudes, reveal fundamental gaps in our understanding of the early Eocene hydrological cycle and/or vegetation-climate interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"261 ","pages":"Article 105036"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143137631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}