Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Mineral dendrites: Indicators for geological aqueous environments","authors":"Zhaoliang Hou ,&nbsp;Dawid Woś ,&nbsp;Kun-Feng Qiu ,&nbsp;Anna Rogowitz ,&nbsp;Cornelius Tschegg ,&nbsp;A. Hugh N. Rice ,&nbsp;Bernhard Grasemann ,&nbsp;Hao-Cheng Yu ,&nbsp;Piotr Szymczak","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mineral dendrites—branched, black-to-reddish patterns commonly found in rocks—have received limited attention in the geosciences, despite their striking appearance. In this review, we trace the study of mineral dendrites from early observations to modern numerical simulations. We demonstrate that dendrite growth is closely coupled to the surrounding aqueous environment, with their morphology highly sensitive to the physical and chemical conditions during formation. It is thus suggested that mineral dendrites can serve as effective tracers for the evolution of the aqueous environment, indicating the concentration of reacting species and the history of fluid pulses. These characteristics make mineral dendrites an excellent natural laboratory for investigating non-classical crystallization and active environmental remediation in nature. Notably, the dendritic rocks observed on Mars by the Curiosity Rover suggest that terrestrial dendrites may serve as analogues for understanding Martian paleo-environments. Future work may elucidate the dynamics of mineral dendrite evolution through correlations between trace element distributions and dendrite growth in diverse geological settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105231"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the spatial and temporal evolution of the Southeast Asian Tin Belt: Insights into recurrent tin mineralization","authors":"Xiang Sun ,&nbsp;Mingjun Zheng ,&nbsp;Tong Pei ,&nbsp;Pete Hollings ,&nbsp;Xiaobo Si ,&nbsp;Rongqing Zhang ,&nbsp;Jun Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Southeast Asian Tin Belt is one of the world's most prolific tin-producing regions, comprising over 100 Sn deposits distributed across three granite provinces: the Eastern, Main Range, and Western Provinces. Despite its metallogenic significance, the spatiotemporal evolution of tin-associated granites and the mechanisms underlying recurrent tin mineralization across the entire belt remain unresolved. In this review, we integrate new and previously published U<img>Pb ages of cassiterite and zircon, trace element and Hf isotopic compositions of zircons, and bulk-rock geochemical data from key deposits and granites in southwestern China and Southeast Asia. Our results reveal six discrete episodes of tin mineralization from the Permian to Miocene. Permian (∼290–260 Ma) deposits in eastern Malaysia are associated with granites east of the Paleo-Tethys suture zone, whereas Triassic (∼240–200 Ma) deposits occur within the Main Range Province on both sides of the suture, extending from Indonesia through Malaysia and Thailand, to southwestern China. Cretaceous to Cenozoic (∼130–15 Ma) deposits in the Western Province are hosted by granites within the Sibumasu–Baoshan–Tengchong Block. Tin mineralization across the Southeast Asian Tin Belt reflects episodic remelting of a long-lived crustal inheritance comprising Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks that were intensely weathered but not significantly Sn-enriched. These melting events were episodically triggered by asthenospheric upwelling and slab dynamics during successive subduction–collision cycles involving the Paleo-, Meso-, and Neo-Tethys oceans and the India–Asia collision. Tin enrichment is closely associated with high degrees of magma fractionation and a redox evolution toward reducing conditions. The temporal synchronization of tin-forming events across provinces highlights substantial, underexplored metallogenic potential, particularly along intracontinental shear zones and in regions lacking documentation of Early Cretaceous tin systems. Our findings provide a geodynamic and geochemical framework for understanding recurrent tin mineralization in the Southeast Asian Tin Belt and analogous collisional orogens worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105233"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Production and significance of Reactive Oxygen Species in the subsurface","authors":"Peng Zhang ,&nbsp;Chiheng Chu ,&nbsp;Xiaochuang Bu ,&nbsp;Man Tong ,&nbsp;Hong Wang ,&nbsp;Yingxiao Tian ,&nbsp;Hailiang Dong ,&nbsp;Dongmei Zhou ,&nbsp;Andreas Kappler ,&nbsp;Philippe Van Cappellen ,&nbsp;T. David Waite ,&nbsp;Songhu Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105230","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105230","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient and contaminant transformations, microbial dynamics and a range of biogeochemical processes in surficial environments including the atmosphere, surface waters, and oceans. In recent years, research in ROS has extended to the subsurface, hence, moving from predominantly photic, oxic and homogeneous environments into aphotic, anoxic and heterogeneous environments. In this review, we discuss the production mechanisms and significance of ROS in the subsurface. Production hotspots of ROS occur where O₂ is brought into contact with reduced species like ferrous iron and natural organic matter, hence creating thermodynamically unstable conditions. The time and space window for ROS production is therefore co-regulated by the reaction kinetics between O₂ and reduced species, with the latter acting as both ROS generators and consumers of long-lived ROS such as hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and short-lived ROS such as hydroxyl radicals (<img>OH). The quantitative description of ROS cycling in subsurface environments is still in its early stages, however. Modeling of a pulsed groundwater O₂ intrusion yields the rates of <img>OH and H₂O₂ production of 0.003–0.049 and 0.09–2.52 mmol/h/kg dry soil/sediment, respectively. Advances in ROS analysis, footprint mapping and reactive transport modeling, as well as new knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of ROS production and cycling, would enable a more comprehensive assessment of the significance of ROS in subsurface biogeochemistry that, in turn, could benefit their potential applications, for example, in contaminant remediation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105230"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144739610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of the enigmatic pre-Variscan paleogeographic configuration of the western peri-Moesian realm (Carpathian-Balkans, eastern Serbia): An insight into Devonian small-scale continental and paleo-oceanic units","authors":"Darko Spahić ,&nbsp;Dragan Milovanović ,&nbsp;Bojan Kostić ,&nbsp;Lidja Kurešević ,&nbsp;Pavle Tančić","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105227","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Carpathian-Balkans provide insight into how two distinct but limited-sized north Gondwanan ribbon-shaped paleocontinents interacted prior to the Variscan Devonian collisional onset: (i) the drifted “Carpathian-Balkan microcontinent” (Serbo-Macedonian/Supragetic/Getic(Kučaj)) and (ii) the already amalgamated Avalonian Danubian-Moesian basement fragment with its Devonian suture elements. These two crustal fragments were separated by the intervening Rheic Ocean during the Devonian. Despite the investigated eastern Variscan collisional assembly being stacked near the overprinted promontory of the East European Craton, its sliced basement segments and their Devonian record are well exposed in eastern Serbia. The synthesis reveals that the sliced Carpathian-Balkan inliers play a crucial role in understanding the lithospheric-scale movement of smaller continental terranes from north Gondwana and their suturing modes related to the surrounding Paleozoic oceans. An analysis of geochemical, paleogeographic, and regional geological data reveals that continental and oceanic paleoenvironments existed prior to and during the Devonian period, merging with the already amalgamated Danubian block and the Moesian microplate. Nonetheless, despite the well-preserved Devonian record found in eastern Serbia, the Romanian South Carpathians, and western Bulgaria, only a limited number of reconstructions clarify the pre-Variscan tectono-paleogeographic setting.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;After a few rift-drift cycles connecting north Gondwana and southern Laurussia, the tectonic transport of Cadomian to Cenerian peripheral terranes from northern Gondwana begun with the post-Ordovician rifting off. The rifting led to the formation of narrow, elongated crustal segments. The outboard Lower Paleozoic ribbon-shaped paleocontinent, including its Carpathian-Balkan continental fragment, occupied a position between two principal Paleozoic oceans. On the southern flank of the exotic narrow Lower Paleozoic microcontinent, we demonstrate for the first time the presence of a continental extension of Devonian age, likely associated with the adjacent Paleotethyan Ocean. The synthesis further demonstrates that the volcano-sedimentary protoliths of Devonian-aged greenschist facies rocks, which traverse the continental Serbo-Macedonian/Supragetic/Getic Devonian microcontinent, serve as markers of Early Devonian (back-arc) rifting. On its opposite Eurasian flank towards Danubian/Moesia, following the accumulation of Silurian–Early Devonian deep-water sediments, the Kučaj(Getic) turbidites, along with the expanding Middle to Late Devonian oceanic crust (Danubian ophiolites), belonged to the Rheic Ocean. The geochemical modeling of Devonian ophiolites reveals that this Balkan-Carpathian ocean displays both mid-ocean ridge basaltic (Tisoviţa Iuţi, Deli Jovan) and volcanic arc/back-arc signatures (Zaglavak, Tcherni Vrah). The extracted petrographic and regional geological constraints confirm the s","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105227"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144757754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alluvial fan morphodynamics: Advances and future prospects","authors":"Guo-An Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alluvial fans, fan-shaped depositional landforms located at the outlets of mountain rivers and gullies, provide valuable insights into regional environmental change, geomorphic evolution, and hazard processes related to floods and debris flows. While research on fan morphometry, sedimentology, and paleoenvironment reconstruction is extensive, fan morphodynamics, especially the quasi-cyclic processes of deposition, erosion, and flow path avulsion, remain understudied. This review assesses the current state of research on fan morphodynamics and outlines future directions. It highlights key findings, including the primary and secondary processes that drive fan development, the mechanisms of flow path avulsion, and the associated sediment dynamics and geomorphic effects. Crucially, it underscores the need for real-time field monitoring to complement existing field investigations and modeling efforts. Enhancing real-time observations will significantly advance the understanding of fan morphodynamics, sediment dynamics, and geomorphic processes, ultimately improving hazard mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105229"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Super-reduced and ultra-high pressure minerals in ophiolites: A critical review and the case for meteorite impact","authors":"Ben-Xun Su ,&nbsp;Jie-Jun Jing","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105228","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105228","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ophiolites, remnants of ancient oceanic lithosphere, host enigmatic super-reduced (SuR) and ultra-high pressure (UHP) minerals such as diamond, moissanite, and native metals, challenging conventional models of their formation. This review synthesizes ongoing debates regarding origins of these minerals, evaluating hypotheses ranging from deep mantle processes (e.g., mantle plumes, subduction-zone recycling) to shallow mechanisms (e.g., lightning strikes, abiotic fluid reactions, earthquakes) and anthropogenic contamination. Critically, deep mantle models struggle to reconcile the instability of SuR phases under typical mantle conditions and anomalous compositions of diamond and moissanite, while contamination hypotheses highlight morphological and isotopic parallels with synthetic analogs. Experimental and isotopic data (e.g., δ¹³C depletion, low nitrogen content) further complicate traditional narratives. In this review, we have summarized the limitations of existing models and the aspects they failed to account for, while exploring the possibility of reconciling the disparate origins of SuR and UHP minerals in ophiolites. Inspired by the concept of impact-induced subduction initiation, meteorite impact process serves as an alternative framework to simultaneously invoke transient ultra-high pressures, localized reducing environments, and the mixing of endogenous (mantle, crustal) and exogenous (meteoritic) materials. This model reconciles the coexistence of SuR and UHP phases with isotopic signatures atypical of mantle-derived systems, such as light carbon isotopes, and rapid-quenching skeletal crystal textures. It also links the incorporation of lower mantle minerals and crustal fragments in ophiolites to impact-triggered subduction initiation and lithospheric recycling. Although it is impossible to definitely refute any of the existing genetic models, the impact model offers a promising alternative that addresses the summarized limitations. However, further supporting evidence is still needed, particularly in the form of shock-related microstructure, detailed in situ isotope analyses of nanoscale inclusions, and investigations of ophiolites located near potential, but not yet confirmed, impact zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105228"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144694504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Middle Devonian fluvial-delta plain complex from eastern Yunnan, South China: Insights into co-evolution between environments and organisms in an early non-marine system","authors":"Junjun Song ,&nbsp;Xiaole Zhang ,&nbsp;Sha Li,&nbsp;Wenkun Qie,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Honghe Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105223","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105223","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fluvial-delta plain complex links land, fresh water, and marine habitats and acts as a springboard during terrestrialization of both plants and animals. Its geological records or related paleoecology study, during mid to late Paleozoic, however, are scarce. In this study, we reconstruct the paleoenvironmental and paleoecological framework of a Middle Devonian (c. 387 Ma) fluvial-delta plain complex from Wuding, eastern Yunnan, South China for the first time, using a combined approach of sedimentology, geochemistry, and palaeontology. Eight lithofacies of fluvial-delta plain are recognized from the Haikou Formation. The lower part of the Haikou Formation deposited in a meandering fluvial environment. While the middle-upper part of the Haikou Formation is interpreted as a brackish-fresh water setting (i.e., delta plain-swamp) based on facies analysis, stable isotope composition (δ¹⁸O, δ¹³C) of biogenic (ostracods) and authigenic carbonates, as well as paleosalinity proxies (Sr/Ba). A synthetic biota with a variety of fossil organisms, including ostracods (29 species belonging to 7 superfamilies), charophytes (1 species), chondrichthyans and antiarch fishes (at least 2 taxa), gastropods (1 taxa), bivalves, and spores (20 species belonging to 19 genera) have been recognized and identified in the delta plain-swamp facies. Ostracods are categorized into three distinct assemblages. Assemblage 1 (Leperditicope-Palaeocope assemblage) and Assemblage 3 (Paraparchitoidean assemblage) displaying high diversity and abundance, and characterize a brackish lower delta plain and a delta plain-swamp environment, respectively. Whilst the Assemblage 2 (Leperditioidean assemblage) has relatively low diversity and inhabited in fresh water, probably an upper delta plain setting. Leperdiditioideans are pioneers colonized fluvial-delta plain setting and might be the earliest fresh water ostracods. Additionally, a special fresh water species of Cypridoidea, <em>Carbonita</em> sp., which has never been reported prior to the Carboniferous Period, is discovered in the Haikou Formation. Abundant rhizomes of vascular land plants, as well as vertically arranged traces fossils (i.e., <em>Scoyenia beerboweri</em>) are observed from the flood plain facies, representing development of belowground soil ecosystem. The biota, especially those of the ostracods and charophytes, comprise a complex ecosystem spanning the marginal marine to terrestrial settings allowing a well-structured reconstruction of the eco-pyramid of brackish-fresh water ecosystem during the Middle Devonian. The results shed light on the co-evolution of the environment and organisms in the Devonian non-marine system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105223"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A dataset and review of empirical estimation relationships for landslide runout distances","authors":"Weibing Gong ,&nbsp;Guangshuai Wang ,&nbsp;Lin Li ,&nbsp;Boneng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Estimating landslide runout distances is crucial for assessing their potential impacts on surrounding infrastructure and communities. By comparing estimated runout distances with the proximity of landslides to vulnerable sites, the likelihood of landslide impact can be assessed, and the volume of debris that may reach such locations can be indirectly quantified. This paper presents a comprehensive review of 28 empirical relationships developed to estimate landslide runout distances associated with various triggering factors, including earthquakes, rainfall, and other factors, while also accounting for different material types such as soil, rock, and soil-rock mixtures. The relationships are analyzed in terms of equation formats, adopted parameters, and the number of parameters involved, identifying volume and height as the most frequently used variables and mixed equation formats (e.g., logarithmic and linear combinations) as the most common. Existing definitions of runout distance are reviewed, and this study adopts the definition as the horizontal distance between the upper point of the landslide source and the lowest point of deposition, chosen for its clarity and ease of measurement from mapped landslide inventories. To validate the summarized relationships, a dataset comprising 22,456 landslides was established. The analysis revealed low <em>R</em>² values for many existing empirical relationships, highlighting the necessity for developing improved empirical relationships. This study develops new empirical estimation relationships tailored to different triggering factors and material types, enhancing estimation accuracy of landslide runout distances. The finalized empirical relationships are offered and aim to serve as practical tools for the rapid estimation of landslide runout distances, thereby supporting effective disaster response and mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105225"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144664994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measures of prehistoric terrestrial net ecosystem productivity and carbon sink function","authors":"Chris Mays ,&nbsp;Richard V. Tyson ,&nbsp;Michael T. Hren","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105222","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Indicators of past biological productivity, or ‘palaeoproductivity proxies’, offer ways to indirectly measure key aspects of Earth's deep-time ecosystem and carbon cycle functioning. Given that plants have been the principal primary producers on land for hundreds of millions of years, the abundances of fossil plants in the rock record can indicate past ‘net terrestrial ecosystem productivity’ (NTEP). This is the net carbon storage or release by a terrestrial ecosystem, and a measure of whether an ecosystem is a carbon sink or source. When applied on a global scale, NTEP represents a major component of Earth's carbon cycle. Moreover, since plants are particularly sensitive to rapid climatic events, measuring NTEP with fossil plants should indicate how land carbon sinks have been impacted by these climatic changes. Herein, we compare and contrast three potential proxies of NTEP changes in deep time: total organic carbon (TOC), terrestrial organic microfossil concentrations (<span><math><msub><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span>) and terrestrial organic carbon (TrOC). However, the preservation pathways of terrestrial organic microfossils (hence, <span><math><msub><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span> and TrOC) are complex and poorly understood. In this review, we have: 1, adapted and applied a framework of modern net ecosystem productivity (NEP) to prehistoric settings by incorporating post-burial effects; 2, summarized the factors that influence the preservation and accumulation rates of land-derived organic carbon in the fossil record; and 3, explored the conditions under which <span><math><msub><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span> and TrOC may provide valid estimates of prehistoric NTEP. Given their specificity, we conclude that the fossil-based metrics (<span><math><msub><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span> and TrOC) hold greater potential than TOC as proxies of NTEP. Moreover, <span><math><msub><mi>c</mi><mi>t</mi></msub></math></span> and TrOC can be readily applied to the rock record to estimate the relative changes of past NTEP, if several key parameters are standardized between samples: lithofacies, depositional environment, sample thickness (as a surrogate for accumulation time), burial history, basin type and palaeolatitude. In practice, these can be addressed by targeting similar facies within the same basin over relatively short stratigraphic intervals. Moreover, the most precise fossil count techniques should be utilised to minimize data collection error. While these proxies can provide valid metrics of NTEP changes, they are not yet capable of providing absolute burial rates of terrestrial carbon. However, we produce a roadmap towards refined proxies of absolute deep-time NTEP, which would constrain biogeochemical models since the emergence of large land plants &gt;360 million years ago.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105222"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “First comparison of subsidence/uplift rates between Copernicus European Ground Motion Service data and long-term MIS 5.5 geological record in Mediterranean regions” [Earth-Science Reviews, Volume 265, (2025), 105132]","authors":"Giovanni Luca Cardello ,&nbsp;Giovanni Barreca ,&nbsp;Carmelo Monaco ,&nbsp;Marcello de Michele ,&nbsp;Fabrizio Antonioli","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105212","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105212","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"270 ","pages":"Article 105212"},"PeriodicalIF":10.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145044493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}