Earth-Science Reviews最新文献

{"title":"Stable zinc isotopes as tracers in environmental geochemistry","authors":"Yiren Duan ,&nbsp;Zhengrong Wang ,&nbsp;Wenxian Gou ,&nbsp;Zhao Wang ,&nbsp;Qingguang Li ,&nbsp;Wei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc (Zn) is both an essential micronutrient and a common environmental contaminant. Addressing global Zn deficiency and pollution requires effective tools to track its biogeochemical pathways. Zn stable isotopes have become valuable tracers for identifying Zn sources, cycling processes, and anthropogenic impacts across different environmental systems. This review provides a comprehensive survey of Zn isotope signatures (δ⁶⁶Zn) across natural and anthropogenic sources and systematically evaluates the fractionation mechanisms operative during aqueous complexation, mineral sorption, biological uptake, and anthropogenic activities. It also covers advances in multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and provides standardized protocols for sample preparation and isotope measurement. Key findings include bimodal δ⁶⁶Zn distributions in anthropogenic sources. Common sources (δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.23 ± 0.27‰) are isotopically lighter than natural sources (δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.46 ± 0.38‰), while smelting residues (δ⁶⁶Zn = 0.76 ± 0.40‰) and coal fly ash (δ⁶⁶Zn = 1.14 ± 0.69‰) are significantly heavier. In supergene environments, mass-dependent processes cause δ⁶⁶Zn variations of about 3‰. Zn isotopes have been applied in source apportionment, soil-plant system Zn translocation, and marine biogeochemical cycling studies. The review concludes that Zn isotopes are robust geochemical tracers for environmental systems, capable of resolving complex source inputs and pathways. To fully realize their potential, future work should focus on improving analytical methods for complex matrices, expanding applications in medical geology, and integrating digital technologies like artificial intelligence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105185"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144290019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relation between sediment distribution and halokinetic geometries along salt structures: a review and new insights from field studies","authors":"Amir Kalifi ,&nbsp;Charlotte Ribes","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105177","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Sediment distribution and stratigraphic traps in salt-controlled minibasins are important targets for the hydrocarbon industry and for gas storage projects (i.e. carbon and green hydrogen). However, predicting sediment dispersal patterns along salt structures remains a significant challenge. Based on a compilation of relevant outcrop analogs of salt-controlled sedimentary successions (Sivas basin, Turkey; Paradox Basin, USA; Bakio Diapir and Cotiella Basin, Spain; La Popa basin, Mexico), the relation between the sediment distribution pattern and diagnostic halokinetic geometries is highlighted in this paper. A new model is proposed with enhanced capacity to predict sediment distribution and the occurrence of stratigraphic traps.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Halokinetic geometries result from horizontal to gently dipping depositional surfaces formed by the differential evacuation/inflation of an underlying salt layer. These geometries exhibit diverse shapes across varying scales. The most extensive halokinetic geometry examined herein is the recently defined Minibasin Tectonostratigraphic Succession (MTS), which comprises sedimentary strata extending over many kilometers and with thicknesses of hundreds to thousands of meters. Such multiple km-scale halokinetic geometries can be clearly imaged using seismic data and can be employed to predict the facies distribution. The key parameters controlling facies distribution patterns are (i) the steepness of the sediment–salt interface during MTS formation; (ii) the type of sedimentary system—marine/continental siliciclastics or marine carbonates. In siliciclastic systems, when paleocurrents are axial with respect to the length of the depocenter or salt structure strike, the reservoir facies tend to concentrate within the depocenter. When plaeocurrents are transversal, the entry/exit points of the minibasins may exhibit better reservoir properties in topographically higher and thinned areas. In contrast, marine carbonates tend to form over salt-topographic highs and may be the source of breccia facies developed on the flanks of the salt structure; (iii) the differential topography during deposition, from the salt-topographic high to the subsiding minibasin.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Layer MTSs comprise strata with constant thickness even as they approach the salt structure. The Layer MTSs formed along a gently dipping salt/sediment interface exhibits minor variations in the facies distribution, than the ones formed along a steeply dipping salt/sediment interface. The latter show minor facies variations in marine/continental clastic systems, while in marine carbonate settings, the reservoir facies tend to be located along the salt structure along with a Composite Halokinetic Sequence (CHS). Generally, a Thickening-wedge MTS, which comprises strata that expand toward the salt structure, exhibits a higher concentration of reservoir facies near the salt structure, while a Thinning-wedge MTS, which comprises strata converging toward t","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105177"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon sequestration in mangrove ecosystems: Sources, transportation pathways, influencing factors, and its role in the carbon budget","authors":"Shafiqa Ali ,&nbsp;Gobinda Dey ,&nbsp;Nguyen Hoang Kim Nuong ,&nbsp;Abdur Rahman ,&nbsp;Liang-Chi Wang ,&nbsp;Uttara Sukul ,&nbsp;Koyeli Das ,&nbsp;Raju Kumar Sharma ,&nbsp;Shan-Li Wang ,&nbsp;Chien Yen Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105184","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105184","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global efforts to mitigate climate change emphasize the critical need to reduce atmospheric CO₂ levels and enhance carbon sinks. Mangrove ecosystems, renowned for their substantial carbon sequestration capacity, play a vital role in sequestering significant amounts of carbon. This review explores carbon fluxes in mangrove ecosystems, emphasizing autochthonous and allochthonous carbon sequestration mechanisms. Specifically, it discusses the pathways through which carbon is absorbed and stored, including biological productivity, sediment accumulation, and carbonate precipitation. Furthermore, the role of microbial communities and root systems in carbon stabilization, nutrient cycling, and methane oxidation is also examined, highlighting their significance in enhancing sequestration efficiency. Moreover, this study evaluates the factors influencing carbon sequestration efficiency in mangroves and the methods used for its quantification. Finally, this review assesses the contribution of mangroves to the global carbon budget, emphasizing their strategic role in offsetting atmospheric CO₂ and enhancing coastal ecosystem resilience. However, significant research gaps remain in understanding the mechanism of carbon transformation, the interaction between diverse carbon sources, sediment dynamics, and long-term stability of buried organic matter across varying mangrove settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105184"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144262699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metamorphic evolution of Mesozoic microcontinent suture zones in the Tibet region","authors":"Wei Dan ,&nbsp;Xiu-Zheng Zhang ,&nbsp;Yi-Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Gong-Jian Tang ,&nbsp;Qiang Wang ,&nbsp;Yong-Fei Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microcontinent suture zones were generated by continental collision. However, collisional orogens often exhibit a series of metamorphic products with variable mineral assemblages. It is intriguing how crustal rocks at continental margins were metamorphosed at different geothermal gradients. In this study, we present a synthesis of metamorphic pressure (P), temperature (T) and time (t), as well as the <em>P-T-t</em> path, for Mesozoic medium- and high-grade metamorphic rocks in the Tibet region, focusing on fossil suture zones at Kangxiwa, Jinshajiang, Song Ma, Longmuco-Shuanghu, Changning-Menglian, Bangong-Nujiang, and Sumdo. The results show a series of common clockwise <em>P-T-t</em> paths, with metamorphic T/P ratios varying from 180 to 816 °C/GPa primarily in the Triassic and secondarily in the Permian and Jurassic. These thermobaric ratios allow for category of the target metamorphic rocks into low T/P Alpine type blueschist to eclogite facies series, moderate T/P Barrovian type amphibolite to granulite facies series, and high T/P Buchan type amphibolite to granulite facies series. These three types of metamorphic facies series were produced not only at variable geothermal gradients from 5.4 to 24.5 °C/km, but also at variable timescales from 25 to 60 Myr. The Alpine type metamorphism would mainly take place in the Triassic, indicating that the final closure of Paleo-Tethys Ocean is spatiotemporally associated with the opening of Neo-Tethys Ocean. The microcontinent assembly is predominated by the crustal cold subduction for the Alpine type metamorphism rather than the crustal warm collision for the prograde Barrovian type metamorphism. This difference indicates a relative lack of continental hard collision during the microcontinent assembly in the Triassic. Furthermore, the microcontinent suture zones were rarely remobilized in view of the rare Buchan type metamorphism in the Mesozoic. Nevertheless, the increase of metamorphic T/P ratios between these metamorphic rocks suggests the switch of dynamic regime from <em>syn</em>-collisional compression to post-collisional extension in these suture zones. In addition, time intervals for the dynamic switch vary from 25 to 60 Myr in the Mesozoic suture zones, suggesting differential periods of the tectonic transition from lithospheric thickening during the continental collision to lithosphere thinning. In either case, the Mesozoic Tibet region is considerably different in metamorphic evolution from either the Paleozoic ones in the northernmost margin or the Cenozoic one in the southernmost margin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105174"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From single batholith to global detrital zircon archive: Earth dynamics as seen from zircon Eu anomalies","authors":"Omar Bartoli,&nbsp;Bruna B. Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105175","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Due to the continuous reworking of the continental crust and the limited rock record associated with the early Earth, the long-term evolution of the Earth's continental crust is mostly studied using the physically- and chemically-resistant mineral zircon. In particular, the europium anomaly [Eu/Eu* = Eu&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;/(Sm&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; x Gd&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt;)&lt;sup&gt;0.5&lt;/sup&gt;; where the subscript N denotes chondrite-normalized] of detrital zircon populations has been proposed as a robust proxy for tracing the evolution of crustal thickness. However, recent studies have made the use of the zircon Eu anomaly for geodynamic reconstructions controversial. To provide new insights into the petrological controls on zircon Eu/Eu*, we first review the zircon archive and the evolution of the Adamello batholith, the largest Tertiary intrusion in the Alps and one of the best-studied examples for elucidating the genesis and evolution of continental arc magmas. From the existing extensive zircon archive, the Eu/Eu* in the different intrusive super-units decreases with decreasing age, &lt;em&gt;f&lt;/em&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and εHf&lt;sub&gt;(t)&lt;/sub&gt;, and increasing δ&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;O. When the Eu/Eu* of zircon is converted to crustal thickness, the values of ≈70 km obtained for the most juvenile granitoid suites are inconsistent with the rock record and with the well-known geodynamic evolution of the Alps. A similar mismatch is also obtained when the whole-rock (La/Yb)&lt;sub&gt;N&lt;/sub&gt; of the most juvenile felsic magmas is converted to crustal thickness, because it does not take into account the effect of slab-derived metasomatic agents affecting the mantle wedge source. The marked decrease in zircon Eu/Eu* (i.e., the marked increase in the Eu anomaly) is primarily influenced by the increasing assimilation of reduced metasedimentary rocks in the crustal hot zone, before significant differentiation and without any significant pressure drop between the different intrusive super-units. This is consistent with graphitic metapelites being an important component of the mid to lower continental crust in the Southern Alps domain. Based on these results, we then review the detrital zircon archive throughout the Earth's history and interpret changes in zircon Eu/Eu* as mainly controlled by the pressure-independent redox state of magmas. We interpret the marked decrease in Eu/Eu* from the Neoarchean to the Mesoproterozoic as reflecting the increase in reduced metasedimentary material as an important component of the mid to lower crust, which was increasingly available for crustal reworking and magma contamination. This evolution is consistent with the Paleoproterozoic being a period of anomalously high burial of organic carbon and with the highest &lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;/&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt; ratios of metamorphism and the abundant mantle- and crustally-derived magmatism that characterized the Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic. In our opinion, the minimum Eu/Eu* at ca. 1 Ga cannot be used to support the view of orogenic ","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105175"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atmospheric aging effects on aerosol ice nucleation","authors":"Ziye Huang ,&nbsp;Wei Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Chen ,&nbsp;Jialei Zhu ,&nbsp;Zhijun Wu ,&nbsp;Yue Zhang ,&nbsp;Pingqing Fu","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105176","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105176","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs) play a crucial role in the climate system of the Earth, with their physicochemical properties strongly impacting their ice-nucleating activities (INA). These physicochemical properties of INPs can be profoundly altered by atmospheric aging processes. This article summarizes previous laboratory studies and field observations discussing the variation of INA impacted by atmospheric aging, including chemical modification, aging in water or aqueous solutions, changing of mixing state and morphology, and special aging pathways relevant to biological INPs. The inconsistencies between laboratory findings and field observations suggest that innovative ice-nucleating mechanisms need to be proposed to bridge datasets across different measurements. Furthermore, laboratory and field measurements of aged INPs could refine INP parameterization in climate models. Lastly, we present key perspectives of INA that merit further research and examination, especially including aging processes that involve multiple phases, complex morphology, or under upper tropospheric conditions, as well as poorly characterized biological INPs and anthropogenic aerosols. These research directions will help advance the overall predictability of INPs in model simulations and improve critical understanding of the climatic effect of atmospheric aerosols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"269 ","pages":"Article 105176"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144242464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Marine ostracod faunas through the Late Devonian extinction events. Part II: the Hangenberg event","authors":"Elvis Guillam,&nbsp;Marie-Béatrice Forel","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105172","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This work is the second part of a two-part study evaluating the changes in ostracod communities throughout the two Late Devonian biological crises (Kellwasser and Hangenberg events). The Hangenberg event was the most intense extinction of the Famennian, Late Devonian. It is sometimes considered as equivalent to the Kellwasser event at the Frasnian-Famennian transition, which is one of the Big Five mass extinctions of the Phanerozoic. In order to discuss the effects of the Hangenberg event on marine ostracod faunas, all well-dated data from the literature have been gathered. We here show that this event mostly affected the ostracod diversity at low taxonomic levels (species and genera). Nearshore ostracods were more affected than others but Thuringian deep-sea faunas were also greatly touched. When considering the geographic pattern of the event, ostracods from the Southern Variscan margin (Montagne Noire, France) appear to have been less affected than others, thus possibly representing a refuge zone.</div><div>The faunal recovery was certainly constrained by changes in palaeoenvironmental settings, in particular those associated with the transgression occurring during the early Tournaisian, lowermost Carboniferous. It may have increased the habitat size and availability in neritic environments, allowing an important diversification of ostracods from the Bairdiidae, Bairdiocyprididae and Paraparchitidae families in the event aftermath, as well as a greater connectivity between nearshore areas leading to a global reduction in endemism. It may also have triggered the migration of bathyal taxa upslope, as recorded in post-event assemblages on the Southern Variscan margin. The effects on pelagic taxa are more variable across localities and environments but they are often among the only taxa composing event assemblages, particularly in deep-sea settings of the Southeastern Laurussian margin.</div><div>At a global scale, nearshore ostracod diversity was slightly less affected by the Hangenberg event than by the Kellwasser one, but the former has more significantly influenced deep benthic faunas. Finally, the Kellwasser event triggered a more intense extinction within ostracod faunas while the Hangenberg one seems responsible for a more important change in faunal composition, particularly within nearshore environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105172"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144240991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil bulk density and porosity connecting macro- and micro-scales through geometry.","authors":"D.A. Robinson ,&nbsp;S.P. Friedman ,&nbsp;A. Thomas ,&nbsp;D. Hirmas ,&nbsp;P.L. Sullivan ,&nbsp;A. Nemes","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil bulk density (BD) is a macroscopic indicator frequently used to infer the soils' pore system, a fundamental attribute of terrestrial environments that significantly affects processes such as infiltration, water retention and plant root development. Additionally, BD is essential for assessing the storage of various materials in soils and sediments, including carbon and nutrients. High bulk density, often a consequence of soil compaction, represents a form of soil degradation that diminishes the soil's functional capacity. Therefore, effective management of soil BD is crucial for improving agricultural yields, safeguarding ecosystem services, preventing degradation, and preserving the overall integrity of the Earth's system. This review synthesizes recent research on the packing behavior of granular materials to clarify the emergent property of soil BD. The findings yield an empirical model that links packing fraction to the shape and size ratio of particles. The results demonstrate that the model accurately captures the frequently observed exponential decrease in soil BD with increasing soil organic matter (SOM) content. While it is widely recognized that particle density influences BD, the analysis indicates that grain shape exerts a considerable effect, followed by the particle size ratio in granular media. The insights from this study aim to transform the perception of BD from a static notion to one that acknowledges how changes in the morphology of soil constituents, driven by factors such as root growth and decomposition, can result in variations in BD. As a result, BD may become increasingly sensitive to feedback from climate and land use changes as the geometry of SOM evolves.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105173"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trace elements in soils of the Antarctic ice-free areas: Insights on natural geochemical values, anthropogenic impact and possible remobilisation upon permafrost thaw","authors":"Henrique Zilhão ,&nbsp;Rute Cesário ,&nbsp;Gonçalo Vieira ,&nbsp;João Canário","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Climate change is transforming the ice-free areas of Antarctica, leading to rapid changes in terrestrial ecosystems. These areas represent &lt;0.5% of the continent and coincide with the most anthropogenically pressured sites, where the human footprint is a source of contamination. Simultaneously, these are the locations where permafrost can be found, not being clear what might be the consequences following its degradation regarding trace element remobilisation. This raises the need for a better understanding of the natural geochemical values of Antarctic soils as well as the extent of human impact in the surroundings of scientific research stations. Permafrost thaw in the Western Antarctic Peninsula region and in the McMurdo Dry Valleys is the most likely to contribute to the remobilisation of toxic trace elements, whether as the result of anthropogenic contamination or due to the degradation of massive buried ice and ice-cemented permafrost. Site-specific locations across Antarctica, with abandoned infrastructure, also deserve attention by continuing to be a source of trace elements that later can be released, posing a threat to the environment. This comprehensive summary of trace element concentrations across the continent's soils enables the geographical systematisation of published results for a better comparison of the literature data. This review also includes the used analytical techniques and methods for trace element dissolution, important factors when reporting low concentrations. A new perspective in environmental monitoring is needed to investigate if trace element remobilisation upon permafrost thaw might be a tangible consequence of climate change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105171"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144185641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foundational uncertainties in terminal Ediacaran chronostratigraphy revealed by high-precision zircon U-Pb geochronology of the Nama Group, Namibia","authors":"Fred T. Bowyer ,&nbsp;Fabio Messori ,&nbsp;Rachel Wood ,&nbsp;Ulf Linnemann ,&nbsp;Esther Rojo-Perez ,&nbsp;Mandy Zieger-Hofmann ,&nbsp;Johannes Zieger ,&nbsp;Junias Ndeunyema ,&nbsp;Martin Shipanga ,&nbsp;Bontle Mataboge ,&nbsp;Dan Condon ,&nbsp;Catherine V. Rose ,&nbsp;Collen-Issia Uahengo ,&nbsp;Sean P. Gaynor ,&nbsp;Inigo A. Müller ,&nbsp;Gerd Geyer ,&nbsp;Torsten Vennemann ,&nbsp;Joshua H.F.L. Davies ,&nbsp;Maria Ovtcharova","doi":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105169","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105169","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;The Nama Group of southern Namibia and northwestern South Africa hosts the best-dated mixed carbonate-siliciclastic foreland basin succession of the terminal Ediacaran [ca. 551 million years (Ma) ago to &lt;538 Ma] and is key for resolving the chronology of early metazoan evolution. Numerous silicified volcanic tuff interbeds are present, but differing interpretations regarding the fidelity of their ages lead to different regional stratigraphic correlations, especially for the Urusis Formation of the Schwarzrand Subgroup. An expanded record of the Urusis Formation is found in the Swartpunt area of southern Namibia, which has yielded an important metazoan biota. But the succession in this area is preserved as a series of thrusts at the leading edge of the Gariep orogenic belt and zircon U-Pb data show systematic age repetition. We use regional stratigraphic and structural mapping, integrated with carbonate carbon isotope (δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;carb&lt;/sub&gt;) chemostratigraphy and high-precision radioisotope U-Pb zircon geochronology from outcrop and recently acquired drill core to develop a temporally calibrated basin-wide depositional model. This integrated dataset either reflects complex zircon reworking, inheritance, or potential analytical biases (Scenario 1) or the presence of a Gariep-related cryptic décollement within the Spitskop Member that has resulted in stratigraphic repetition (Scenario 2). We investigate the evidence for and against both scenarios and consider their implications for stratigraphic and δ&lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;carb&lt;/sub&gt; correlations between the Swartpunt area and coeval exposures along the Orange River border with South Africa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Given that these issues are in an area that hosts numerous silicified ash beds and extensive exposure, an inability to confidently discount either scenario highlights a level of compounding uncertainty in zircon U-Pb geochronology that must be considered when attempting to build global chronostratigraphic frameworks. Scenario 1 implies that some of the weighted mean ages and Bayesian eruption ages from the Swartpunt area may be &gt;1 Myr older than the depositional age of their respective ash beds when assuming existing stratigraphic correlations. If this scenario is preferred, then a cautious approach would be to consider all weighted mean zircon U-Pb ages from ash beds to reflect maximum depositional ages. Both scenarios support deposition of the Huns Member &gt;540 Ma in the Swartpunt area if the oldest weighted mean age reported here represents a near-depositional age, which has significant implications for the temporal calibration of important terminal Ediacaran ichnofossil assemblages and future cyclostratigraphic studies.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Stratigraphic correlations common to both scenarios allow us to temporally calibrate a basin evolution model for the Nama Group. Temporal trends in initial hafnium isotope (εHf) compositions of zircon grains from ash beds throughout the succession ma","PeriodicalId":11483,"journal":{"name":"Earth-Science Reviews","volume":"268 ","pages":"Article 105169"},"PeriodicalIF":10.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}