地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Sequence Stratigraphic Division of the Devonian Liujiang Formation Dominated by Silicalites in the Northeastern Part of the Dianqiangui Basin, South China","authors":"Yingjie ZHANG,&nbsp;Wenpan CEN,&nbsp;Yinglun QIN,&nbsp;Chenglong MA,&nbsp;Jiyu CHEN,&nbsp;Wenfang HUANG,&nbsp;Long WANG","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15309","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Silicalites are extensively developed in the Liujiang Formation (Fm.) of the Frasnian in the Dianqiangui Basin and are often associated with carbonaceous shales. This stratigraphic combination represents a special sequence stratigraphy formed in special deep-water environments, which not only gives the shales unusual spatio-temporal distribution features, but also induces the shales in the Liujiang Fm. to frequently be rich in organic matter (OM). This study summarises the special deep-water sedimentary succession of the Liujiang Fm., which is mainly distributed around synsedimentary faults, as well as establishing the sequence stratigraphic frameworks of the Liujiang Fm. in the west–east and southwest–northeast directions. Under the sequence stratigraphic frameworks, the spatio-temporal distribution features of the organic-rich shales of the Liujiang Fm. and the regional variations of the Liujiang Fm. were investigated. In addition, the rock components and OM occurrence states of the organic-rich shales were also observed and described in detail under the microscope. The results show that the organic-rich shales were formed temporally primarily during the third-order sea-level falling stage, developed spatially mainly on the east and west sides of the study area, as well as that the OM accumulation is closely related to tentaculitoids and seems to be influenced by a ‘biological pump’.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 3","pages":"646-666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continental-Hemispheric Scale Dust Events Driven by Last Glacial Alpine Ice Sheet Dynamics","authors":"Yunus Baykal,&nbsp;Gábor Újvári,&nbsp;Thomas Stevens,&nbsp;Sergio Andò,&nbsp;Adriano Banak,&nbsp;Sanja Šuica,&nbsp;Marta Barbarano,&nbsp;Eduardo Garzanti","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115382","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Greenland ice cores demonstrate that transient last glacial cold climate events (stadials) were associated with greatly enhanced atmospheric dust loading. Detailed radiocarbon dating of loess in central Europe reveals concurrent increases in dust activity in dust-emitting regions. However, the causes of these changes in dust emission and the role of dust in rapid climate change remain unclear. We address this uncertainty through multi-proxy analysis of loess sources in Hungary. Our results demonstrate that loess particles were dominantly produced by subglacial grinding processes in the eastern Alps. These particles were released along with stadial Alpine Ice Sheet-driven meltwater pulses, turning major river systems into efficient dust sources for loess deposition in Europe. Concurrent strengthened anticyclonic circulation over northern Europe would have caused wider dispersal of Alpine Ice Sheet-derived dust as far as Greenland. Resultant continental-hemispheric scale changes in atmospheric dust loading likely amplified concomitant North Atlantic climate cooling and ice sheet decay during Greenland stadials.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deriving Overlapped Cloud Motion Vectors Based on Geostationary Satellite and Its Application on Monitoring Typhoon Mulan","authors":"Cuiping Liu,&nbsp;Wei Han,&nbsp;Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Jiaqi Jin,&nbsp;Qiong Wu,&nbsp;Wenwen Li,&nbsp;Chloe Yuchao Gao","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116397","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Accurate cloud motion vector retrieval in multi-layer clouds faces persistent challenges due to ambiguous height assignment. We developed a novel overlapped cloud motion vectors (OCMVs) retrieval method using Himawari-8 observations. Multi-layer cloud top heights (CTHs) were retrieved based on multi-spectral radiance using neural networks and were assigned to upper ice and lower water cloud layers. Subsequently, CTHs from the two layers were used as respective tracers for deriving OCMVs based on the optical flow algorithm. Applied to Typhoon Mulan (2022), OCMVs showed strong vertical wind shear within the inner region, further depicting the kinematic structure of Typhoon Mulan. The vortex center of lower water OCMVs provided more valuable information on determining typhoon center than that of single-layer CMVs. Additionally, the OCMVs demonstrated good consistency with dropsonde observations, exhibiting Root-Mean-Square-Errors (RMSEs) of wind direction at ∼18.5°and wind speed at ∼5.2 m/s.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116397","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leveraging Weekly Snow Cover Time Series for Improved Glacier Monitoring and Modeling","authors":"Rainey Aberle,&nbsp;Ellyn M. Enderlin,&nbsp;David R. Rounce,&nbsp;Shad O’Neel,&nbsp;Brandon Tober,&nbsp;Alexandra Friel","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115523","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115523","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Seasonal snow and ice melt strongly influence glacier mass balance, yet sparse sub-annual observations limit our understanding of seasonal dynamics. Here we construct and analyze weekly snow cover time series for 200 glaciers across western North America from 2013 to 2023 using an automated image processing pipeline. Snow cover varied widely across the region: snow minima timing varied with latitude — from <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>August from 62 to 64<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>N to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>October from 48 to 50<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>N—and accumulation area ratios ranged from near-zero to 0.92 (median of 0.52). A comparison of snowlines from observations and the PyGEM glacier mass balance model revealed seasonally evolving but spatially consistent biases in modeled snowlines: observed snowlines rose earlier, but at a slower rate throughout the melt season, than modeled snowlines. Beyond capturing glacier state, snowline observations efficiently provide sub-seasonal mass balance constraints and empirically represent unresolved processes like snow redistribution, refining model gradients and improving projections.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115523","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Directions Matter: How Environmental Factors Drive Convective Cloud Detrainment Heights","authors":"Dié Wang,&nbsp;Simon Lee,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Christian Lackner,&nbsp;Daniel Kirshbaum,&nbsp;Michael Jensen","doi":"10.1029/2025GL114941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114941","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates how environmental factors influence the level of maximum detrainment (LMD) in deep convective clouds. Through a novel application of the Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model (LiNGAM), we discover causal structures between environmental variables and LMD, observed at six tropical sites operated by the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) user facility. LiNGAM effectively identifies causal directions among variables of interest, revealing robust relationships such as those among the lifting condensation level (LCL), level of free convection (LFC), and convective inhibition (CIN), aligning with prior knowledge. Relative humidity is shown to directly influence LMD; however, this relationship exhibits strong nonlinearity and becomes difficult to detect when the contrast between oceanic and continental environments is excluded from the analysis. This study highlights the importance of establishing causal relationships before performing statistical inference.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL114941","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STARNet: A Deep-Learning Algorithm for Surface Shortwave Radiation Retrieval From Fengyun-4A","authors":"Mengmeng Song,&nbsp;Dazhi Yang,&nbsp;Hongrong Shi,&nbsp;Yun Chen,&nbsp;Bai Liu,&nbsp;Yanbo Shen,&nbsp;Zijing Ding,&nbsp;Xiang'ao Xia","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Satellite-retrieved surface shortwave radiation is indispensable to solar energy meteorology applications. In stark contrast to conventional irradiance retrieval algorithms that are confined to individual pixel information, this work proposes the STARNet (Spatio-Temporal Association-based Retrieval Network), which is a deep-learning algorithm that exploits the information embedded in the spatio-temporal neighbors of a target pixel. The algorithm holds three technical innovations: (a) a data preprocessing method that highlights the correlation- and causality-type climatology associations in the original reflectance and brightness temperature observations; (b) a graph network cascade that extracts topological spatio-temporal features, and (c) a multi-scale convolution network that extracts regular spatio-temporal features. The empirical part of this work showcases irradiance retrieval from Fengyun-4A over China. True out-of-sample verification demonstrates that STARNet can outperform physical and conventional data-driven retrieval algorithms. Most importantly, STARNet is exceedingly general and thus applicable to many other retrieval tasks, such as those for aerosols or clouds.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal Evolution of Eocene Saline Lakes in Eastern China: A Case Study of ‘Bamboo-like’ Rock Salt in the Shizhai Depression, Northern Jiangsu Province","authors":"Yang XU,&nbsp;Chenglin LIU,&nbsp;Sibo YANG,&nbsp;Yangtong CAO,&nbsp;Longtao WEN,&nbsp;Ruiqin LI","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15298","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The phenomenon of ‘bamboo-like’ thin interlayers developed in rock salt is one of the most prominent features of Paleogene salt-bearing strata in eastern China, where centimeter-thick rock salts appear separately, forming rhythmic units. At present, detailed analyses of these rhythms of rock salt are still limited, which directly affects the achievement of comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the developmental laws pertaining to this kind of saline lake. Therefore, we selected the typical rhythmic ‘bamboo-like’ rock salts of the Shizhai Depression in Jiangsu Province as the research subject. Through careful observation of rock salts in hand samples and detailed petrographic and mineralogical analyses, we analyzed the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic compositions, homogenization temperatures and chemical compositions of individual fluid inclusions in halite crystals. Early-stage rhythmic deposition was a product of continental saline lake evolution in winter or spring, late-stage rhythmic deposition being the product of evolution in the summer. The seasonal evolution of the halite sequences was determined and two brine enrichment events were identified. In addition, the quiet saline lake environment with concentrated brine represented by rock salt was more likely to precipitate potassium. This study provides a new reference for the evolution of both Paleogene climate and saline lakes in eastern China.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 3","pages":"879-895"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A ∼700-km-Long Fossil Tonian Magmatic Arc Belt Hidden Within the Yangtze Block's Interior, South China","authors":"Zhidong Gu,&nbsp;Junyong Li,&nbsp;Xiaolei Wang,&nbsp;Ya Xu,&nbsp;Xiufen Zhai","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fossil magmatic arcs preserve important archives of juvenile magmatism, crustal growth and differentiation, thereby aiding in our understanding of continental evolutionary histories. However, some ancient arcs are situated in continental interiors, where they are buried beneath thick cover sequences, making their identification challenging. Here, we present a data set of deep boreholes, geochronology, geochemistry and geophysics to investigate the basement properties and evolution of the Sichuan Basin in the Yangtze Block, South China. These results provide evidence for a large Tonian magmatic arc belt hidden within the Yangtze Block's interior. Seven deep boreholes (∼3,600–6,500 m) penetrating into basin basement, together with geochronology and 3D seismic reflection profiles, show extensive Tonian (ca. 820–770 Ma) rhyolite/granites overlain by Ediacaran sediments. Aeromagnetic data delineate a NE-SW-trending, ∼700-km-long positive magnetic anomaly belt (PMAB) across the central basin, indicating the presence of (ultra-) mafic rocks in lower crust. Petrogenetic analyses indicate that the Tonian felsic rocks drilled within PMAB range were likely derived from a juvenile arc basaltic source. Thus, we interpret the PMAB recorded input of mantle-derived melts and their subsequent evolution into granitic magmas, associated with a Tonian arc magmatic front that once occurred in the Yangtze Block's interior. Our finding broadens the range of the Tonian continental arc system in the region, reaching at least 400–900 km landward from block's northwestern margin. Such a broad orogenic system played a vital role in continental evolution, element recycling and basin formation of the Yangtze Block.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Miocene Pb-Zn Mineralization in the Eastern Gangdese Metallogenic Belt: Evidence from in situ Rb-Sr Dating of Mica and Trace Element Geochemistry of Sphalerite","authors":"Xiaoyan ZHAO,&nbsp;Zhusen YANG,&nbsp;Chang LIU,&nbsp;Yanrui DONG,&nbsp;Haiyan SHI","doi":"10.1111/1755-6724.15310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-6724.15310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Four Pb-Zn deposits, namely Bangpu (BP), Digei (DG), Nabuding (NB) and Cuoga (CG), are located within a 20 km distance of each other in the Gangdese porphyry copper belt (GPCB). The age and nature of the Pb-Zn mineralization, especially its relationship to magmatism, remain uncertain. In order to address this issue, mica from the four deposits was selected for in situ Rb-Sr dating, with sphalerite additionally being selected for in situ trace element analysis. Detailed geological research has revealed that the BP and NB deposits are primarily skarn-type Pb-Zn mineralization, while DG and CG are associated with magmatic hydrothermal breccia and are characterized by banded-type mineralization. The Rb-Sr isochron ages of syn-mineralization muscovite at the BP and CG deposits are 11 ± 6 Ma and 19.7 ± 0.7 Ma respectively. Fe, Cd, In, Mn and Sn occur as lattice substitutions in sphalerite from the four deposits. Cu exists as microinclusions in BP, but occurs isomorphically in the DG, NB and CG deposits. The formation temperatures of the four deposits, as calculated from sphalerite geothermometry, range from approximately 200°C to 300°C, indicating that they belong to medium temperature deposits. BP and NB are classified as skarn Pb-Zn deposits, while DG and CG are categorized as hydrothermal filled Pb-Zn deposits. These results suggest that, in addition to porphyry Cu mineralization, the GPCB also contains significant Miocene Pb-Zn mineralization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7095,"journal":{"name":"Acta Geologica Sinica ‐ English Edition","volume":"99 3","pages":"806-821"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes of Poleward Oceanic Heat and Salt Transport Associated With the Central Eurasian Seaway During the Early Paleogene","authors":"Chenguang Zhu,&nbsp;Jian Zhang,&nbsp;Chenyu Zhu,&nbsp;Congcong Gai,&nbsp;Chengshan Wang","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115476","url":null,"abstract":"<p>During the early Paleogene, the Arctic Ocean existed in a warm yet restricted freshwater regime, with episodic strong freshening leading to proliferation of the freshwater-adapted <i>Azolla</i> at basal middle Eocene times (49–48 Ma). The Kara Strait, located between the Arctic Ocean and the West Siberian Sea (WSS), facilitated an open central Eurasian seaway before the middle Eocene and the temporal coincidence of the strait's initial closure with the <i>Azolla</i> expansion suggests a causal link. Here with numerical modeling, we demonstrate that the open central Eurasian seaway constitutes a conveyor for heat and salt transport from subtropical to high-latitude waters, accompanied by wind-induced northward currents through the WSS. The closure of the Kara Strait disrupts this poleward transport, leading to cooling and freshening of both the Arctic Ocean and the WSS. The resultant decline in Arctic surface salinities might have favored the <i>Azolla</i> Event.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 13","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144515037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}