地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Laboratory Studies of Seismoelectric Transformations in Porous Media: I. Past and Future","authors":"P. A. Kaznacheev,&nbsp;A. N. Kamshilin,&nbsp;A. V. Ponomarev,&nbsp;N. B. Podymova,&nbsp;Z.-Yu. Ya. Maibuk","doi":"10.1134/S1069351325700508","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S1069351325700508","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Abstract</b>—The paper presents the first section of a work devoted to laboratory studies of seismoelectric transformations in porous media. The main historical stages and current state of research into seismoelectric transformations and their place in the aggregate mechanoelectromagnetic phenomena in rocks are considered. An updated classification of seismoelectric effects is proposed, dividing effects by the type of primary influencing field, by the type of secondary changes, and the ratio of the frequencies of the primary and secondary fields. The data on the main publications for each effect are provided, and current relevant research areas are noted. The history of research into seismoelectric effects in the aggregate mechanoelectromagnetic phenomena at the Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the role of Corresponding Member G.A. Sobolev in these studies are described separately. The main problems associated with measuring the secondary electromagnetic field, primarily in laboratory experiments, are considered. Five of the most significant problems are identified, and various researchers’ methods for solving them are presented. It is shown that most of the solutions are incomplete and further research should be aimed at a comprehensive solution to these problems. The main problem is independent measurement of the magnetic and electrical components necessary for identifying the sources of the secondary electromagnetic field in the seismoelectric effect. It was proposed to use in the laboratory a contactless measurement of the magnetic effect of electric current, successfully tested earlier in the field. In this proposed method, subproblems have been formulated, the solution of which is necessary to obtain new data on the seismoelectric effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":602,"journal":{"name":"Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth","volume":"61 4","pages":"626 - 641"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145230430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Present State and Evolution of the Near-Summit Hydrothermal Activity on Ebeko Volcano from 1951 through 2024 (Paramushir Island, Kuril Islands)","authors":"E. G. Kalacheva,&nbsp;T. A. Kotenko","doi":"10.1134/S0742046325700253","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046325700253","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper is concerned with the present state of the thermal fields in the near-summit part of the active Ebeko Volcano on Paramushir Island (Kuril Islands). We show the area of occurrence, the discharge, and the chemical composition of the main types of water manifestations (pots, lake, springs). All thermal occurrences on the volcano resulted from interaction between volcanic gases on the one hand and the surface and underground waters circulating at small depths on the other; the thermal occurrences have low pH (&lt;3), Cl–SO₄ (SO₄–Cl) composition in a wide range of temperatures (between 10 and 98°C) and salinity (between 1 and 100 g/L). Based on continuous multiyear observations of the evolution of chemical composition in thermal waters we estimated the response of volcanic events to the state of the hydrothermal system. We showed that changes in the chemical composition of Lake Goryachee are related to changes in the intensity (going as far complete decay) of hydrothermal activity in the Middle Crater. The phreatomagmatic eruption beginning in 2016 might have provoked the resumption of deep fluid flow into the lake, resulting in increased concentrations of Cl^– in the water. The pots in the Northeastern Field are the most sensitive to events occurring on the volcano. All periods of increased activity are recorded in the varying concentrations of <span>({text{SO}}_{4}^{{2 - }})</span> and Cl^– and in the relationships between the two after the increase in activity began. However, even the largest pots periodically become steam–gas jets, which impedes regular geochemical monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"19 5","pages":"451 - 469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Assessment of Environmental Site Design vs. Traditional Storage-Based Stormwater Management: Impacts on Catchment Hydrology of Minebank Run, Baltimore, MD","authors":"M. Maliha,&nbsp;M. Alsmadi,&nbsp;D. Sample,&nbsp;T. Wynn-Thompson,&nbsp;A. Miller","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70268","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Environmental site design (ESD) is a stormwater management approach that prioritises the use of infiltration-based non-structural techniques to mimic the natural hydrologic cycle by reducing impervious surfaces, slowing runoff and increasing infiltration. Traditional storage-based stormwater management is designed for flood control by quickly diverting runoff from developed areas. This study compared the effect of ESD and only storage-based stormwater management practices on the hydrology of an urban watershed in Baltimore County, Maryland, USA. Minebank Run is an 8.47 km² flashy urban stream with a catchment largely developed without stormwater management. A calibrated SWMM model was used to simulate changes in catchment hydrology resulting from ESD and detention basins over a 54-year period, from the onset of urbanisation in 1948 to the state of urbanisation in 2001. This approach offers a novel, retrospective perspective by simulating how the watershed hydrology might have changed if ESD had been implemented from the beginning of urban development. The model results were analysed by quantifying and comparing different hydrologic metrics to evaluate runoff quantity and flow variability. Results indicated that although storage ponds performed similarly to ESD in reducing annual maximum peak flows (43% vs. 45% reduction, respectively), ESD reduced mean annual runoff coefficients significantly more than ponds (28% vs. 2.7%, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). The Richards–Baker Flashiness Index was reduced from 0.46 to 0.32 with the implementation of ESD, as compared to 0.36 with detention ponds. This study also tested the hypothesis that the impact of urbanisation on the hydrology of the Minebank Run watershed would have been reduced if it had been developed with ESD. The results indicated that the implementation of ESD would have reduced annual maximum peak flows by an average of 46%, annual mean runoff coefficients by 51% and the Richards–Baker Flashiness Index by 37%, as compared to the as-is condition. The study provides quantitative insights into the performance of traditional and innovative stormwater management techniques at the catchment scale, illustrating the benefits of a combination of both infiltration practices and detention storage in reducing the hydrologic impacts of urbanisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70268","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using 222Rn to Determine Groundwater Velocities in a Braidplain Aquifer","authors":"Christy W. Songola,&nbsp;Leanne K. Morgan,&nbsp;Eddie W. Banks,&nbsp;Crile Doscher,&nbsp;Ian Cartwright","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70282","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surface water–groundwater exchange processes are uncertain in braided river settings where aquifer geomorphology and hydraulic gradients are highly heterogeneous. This study determines groundwater velocities in a braidplain aquifer in Te Waipounamu, South Island of New Zealand, where the Waikirikiri Selwyn River is losing to groundwater. ²²²Rn activities and hydraulic heads were measured both in the river and in a dense network of 22 piezometers installed at the study site. ²²²Rn activities were used to calculate groundwater residence times which, together with flow paths determined from hydraulic head contour maps, were used to calculate mean groundwater velocities. ²²²Rn residence time calculations based on a one-dimensional piston flow groundwater model yield a median groundwater velocity of 46 m day⁻¹ at high river flow and 38 m day⁻¹ at low river flow. However, an alternate (exponential) model demonstrates that residence times would be longer than those estimated using the piston flow model. At ²²²Rn activities above 6 Bq L⁻¹, the exponential model yields residence times twice those obtained from the piston flow model, and groundwater velocities that are less than half those obtained with the piston flow model. This highlights the importance of characterising groundwater flow paths in braidplain aquifers to improve estimates of groundwater velocities and recharge from losing braided rivers.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70282","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Beaver Dams in Modulating Hydrological Connectivity and Nutrient Dynamics in Agricultural Catchments With Intermittent Streams","authors":"Famin Wang,&nbsp;Doerthe Tetzlaff,&nbsp;Ji Liu,&nbsp;Tobias Goldhammer,&nbsp;Jonas Freymueller,&nbsp;Hauke Daempfling,&nbsp;Chris Soulsby","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70280","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Beaver dams and associated wetlands can significantly alter hydrological connectivity and biogeochemical processes in catchments, but their combined influence on nutrient dynamics remains understudied. This research investigated the combined effects of beaver-impacted ditches and ponds on macronutrient (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and carbon (C)) dynamics in an intermittent agricultural stream network. Building on long-term catchment monitoring, this study provides the first spatially extensive, site-scale assessment of nutrient dynamics across multiple water body types in this catchment, using comparisons between beaver dam impacted and non-impacted sites across multiple water body types to infer beaver-related effects under variable hydrological connectivity. Continuous monitoring of water presence and water levels across the stream network revealed distinct seasonal patterns of hydrological connectivity, which strongly influenced stream water quality. When hydrological connectivity was highest in the wet season, agricultural drainage elevated nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N) concentrations, creating extreme stoichiometric imbalances. In contrast, during dry periods, as hydrological connectivity declined and the stream network became intermittent, beaver ditch-pond complexes demonstrated significant capacity for nutrient mitigation through enhanced N removal, coupled with increased concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Beaver activity also contributed to maintaining hydrological connectivity and sustaining stream flows, prolonging the time for nutrient processing. Beaver-related ponds and wetlands significantly reduced NO₃-N while elevating total P and DOC concentrations, resulting in a more balanced nutrient stoichiometry closely linked to hydrological connectivity. These findings demonstrate the potential effectiveness of beaver dams and associated wetlands as nature-based solutions for agricultural nutrient management, though their benefits were most evident in spring and autumn when water fluxes are low and channel connectivity, supported by groundwater inputs, linked catchment nutrient inputs to the river. In addition, the impacts remain relatively localised, with downstream inputs from agricultural runoff rapidly offsetting benefits for catchment-scale water quality.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Flood Water Infiltration and Storage in a Restored Floodplain","authors":"Nicholas Corson-Dosch,&nbsp;Faith Fitzpatrick,&nbsp;Paul Juckem,&nbsp;Jim Blount,&nbsp;Wonsook Ha","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70281","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In urban areas, floodplain restoration is gaining prominence as a strategy for restoring the natural functions of floodplain ecosystems and reducing flood risk. This has spurred research into potential interactions between floodwaters, the hyporheic zone, and the floodplain aquifer. An urban restored stream in Wisconsin, USA, was used as a case study to examine four methods to estimate floodplain infiltration and storage during overbank floods. We characterised flood-related infiltration over a 4-year period from 2018 through 2021 by simultaneously and continuously measuring groundwater levels and vertical temperature profiles with stream water levels linked to high-resolution flood inundation maps. High-resolution topographic data helped to quantify surface floodplain storage and the unsaturated soil volume relative to flood stage. Infiltration estimates from the simple methods align well with those from the more complex methods; however, the complex methods provide additional insights about the factors influencing infiltration. Results from all methods indicate that the volume of water that vertically infiltrates during floods is likely small relative to the total volume of the flood, with 0.08%–0.52% of flood water infiltrating into the floodplain, on average. Spatially variable vertical hydraulic gradients, driven by flood depth, groundwater level, and permeability, imply heterogeneous patterns of infiltration across the floodplain. Gradients favourable for infiltration typically occurred during the onset of flooding but, over the study period, were mostly (98% of the time) favourable for groundwater discharge to the channel (non-flood periods). These findings highlight the importance of considering surface-groundwater dynamics, floodplain soils, and unsaturated floodplain volume in defining the benefits of floodplain infiltration for flood attenuation.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70281","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning From Multiyear Meteorological Drought Impacts on Stream Water Quality—Implications for Water Quality Changes Under a Changing Climate","authors":"Anna Lintern,&nbsp;Robert Sargent,&nbsp;Serene Tan,&nbsp;Danlu Guo,&nbsp;Andrew W. Western,&nbsp;Xixi Shi,&nbsp;Cami Plum","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70264","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The frequency and intensity of multiyear drought are expected to increase in the future with climate change. This study aims to investigate the impact of multiyear meteorological drought on the behaviour of five water quality constituents (dissolved oxygen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, electrical conductivity, and turbidity) at 134 sites across Victoria, Australia. A 27-year period (1995–2021) of observed water quality data that spans the Millennium Drought (~1997–2009) was subdivided into meteorological multiyear drought and non-drought conditions. Statistical analysis of these observed data indicates that under multiyear drought, EC increases, while turbidity, TN, TP, and DO decrease in concentration. The magnitude of change in constituent concentrations may be driven by climate characteristics and drought intensity, as inferred from the spatial variability in change in water quality. For salts, TN, and TP, we also identified that constituent loads decrease during multiyear drought periods, regardless of the direction of change of constituent concentrations during drought, highlighting the dominant role of streamflow in driving the trends in constituent loads. Analysis of concentration-streamflow relationships during drought and non-drought periods suggests that parameter values within the concentration-discharge relationship (intercept and slope) shift during multiyear drought, especially in warmer and drier catchments. This indicates that water quality during multiyear drought cannot necessarily be predicted using concentration-discharge relationships calibrated using water quality data from non-drought periods. This investigation can help inform approaches to managing water quality in the future under a changing climate, given persistently drier conditions are expected in this region.</p>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/hyp.70264","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Structure and Origin of the South Kambalny Central Thermal Field, Kamchatka","authors":"S. N. Rychagov,&nbsp;O. V. Kravchenko,&nbsp;E. I. Sandimirova,&nbsp;M. S. Chernov,&nbsp;S. O. Feofilaktov,&nbsp;I. A. Nuzhdaev,&nbsp;Yu. Yu. Bukatov","doi":"10.1134/S0742046325700277","DOIUrl":"10.1134/S0742046325700277","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Integrated geological and structural geophysical studies have shown that the South Kambalny Central Thermal Field was formed in the crater of a cone belonging to a Pliocene–Pleistocene volcano at the Kambalny Range. A geothermal reservoir has been identified beneath the thermal field; this is a rock volume rich in aqueous and steam-gas fluids. The center of the thermal field contains a zone of less dense rocks which controls the flow of ascending alkaline metal-bearing brine and is interpreted as the vent of a crater. We studied the structure of a sequence of hydrothermal clays and argillized, zeolitized, and carbonized bedrock basaltic andesites that form the base of the clay sequence. We provide a detailed characterization of newly formed mineral compounds in deposits of three types: siliceous sediments occurring along the periphery of the thermal field; carbonate concretions at the base of the hydrothermal clay sequence; and altered basaltic andesites. We have provided a substantiation: the hydrothermal mineralization, including ore mineralization, is an indicator of the influence of the deep-seated alkaline metal-bearing fluid on the zone of vapor-rich hydrothermal fluids. It is hypothesized that the sources of ore compounds, as well as of nitrogen and phosphorus, may be due to basite intrusions identified in the southern group of thermal fields in the Kambalny volcanic range.</p>","PeriodicalId":56112,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Volcanology and Seismology","volume":"19 5","pages":"411 - 434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145227918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Water Diversion on Hydrodynamics and Water Quality in the Upper Taihu Basin, China","authors":"Suli Peng,&nbsp;Pan Wu,&nbsp;Zhili Wang,&nbsp;Kebing Chen,&nbsp;Zhi Dong,&nbsp;Yongjun Lu,&nbsp;Li Chen,&nbsp;Yan Lu","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70289","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Owing to the substantial spatiotemporal variability and intricacy in the hydrodynamic and water quality responses to water diversion, the determination of impact on the aquatic environment has been predominantly qualitative. The quantitative assessment of the impact of anthropogenic activities (water diversion) on the aquatic environment has the potential to enhance the accuracy of a comprehensive benefit evaluation. The present study utilised hydrological data, encompassing flow rate (Q) and water quality index (WQI) in the lakes Taohu and Gehu basin (TGHs), from two typical water resource allocations in the Taihu basin. The study revealed how hydrodynamics and water quality in response to water diversion. Furthermore, it introduced the concept of “water diversion impact value” to quantify the impacts of water diversion on the aquatic environment. The results indicated when the overall water diversion effect showed enhancement in water quality, the WQI impact value was positive alongside a negative Q impact value (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;WQI&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;1.417&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;14.2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {E}^{WQI}=1.417,{E}^Q=-14.2 {mathrm{m}}^3/mathrm{s} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;); Conversely, when water diversion improved hydrodynamic conditions, the WQI impact value was negative accompanied by a larger positive Q impact value (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;WQI&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3.17&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;E&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Q&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;7.215&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;m&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msup&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;/&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;s&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;$$ {E}^{WQI}=-3.17,{E}^Q=7.215 {mathrm{m}}^3/mathrm{s} $$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;). Principal component analysis (PCA) further validated these results, demonstrating that prolonged and stab","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling Groundwater Storage Dynamics and Implication for River–Aquifer Interactions: A Nested-Watershed Analysis in the Headwater Region of the Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia","authors":"Zena Tessema Terefe,&nbsp;Nigussie Haregeweyn,&nbsp;Mitsuru Tsubo,&nbsp;Ayele Almaw Fenta,&nbsp;Ashebir Sewale Belay,&nbsp;Taye Minichil Meshesha,&nbsp;Belay Birhanu Bizuneh,&nbsp;Samuel Berihun Kassa,&nbsp;Yoseph Buta Hailu,&nbsp;Endawoke Mulu Gelaw,&nbsp;Alebachew Tareke Kehali,&nbsp;Getnet Taye Bawoke,&nbsp;Atsushi Tsunekawa","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70284","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding aquifer storage characteristics is critical for revealing river–aquifer interactions and is thus essential for effective water resource management. Hydrological studies often analyse watersheds as single units, potentially overlooking spatial variability in groundwater storage, especially in diverse hydrogeological settings. This study examines groundwater storage dynamics and river–aquifer interactions in the Chemoga watershed, Ethiopia, using a nested-watershed approach. Groundwater level data from eight monitoring stations and streamflow data from five gauging stations were integrated to assess groundwater storage dynamics. The Wilcoxon test revealed significant spatial variations (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) in median groundwater levels from 1.3 to 17 m, exhibiting temporal sensitivity with a coefficient of variation of 18%–55%. When analysed as a single unit, the watershed exhibited a mean annual storage of 191 mm year⁻¹. However, the nested-watershed approach uncovered a wide range of mean annual storage values, from −302 to +1777 mm year⁻¹. Negative storage changes were observed in highland sub-watersheds (GS1, GS2) and the Wuseta River sub-watershed (GS4), whereas positive changes occurred in the midland floodplain (GS3) and lowland valley (GS5). These findings indicate that the Chemoga River acts as a gaining stream in the highlands but transitions to a losing stream in the midland floodplain and lowland valley. Additionally, a 1-month lag in baseflow response and hydro–stratigraphic evidence suggest potential lateral flow from GS3 to GS4 sub-watershed. This study highlights the limitations of treating watersheds as single units and advocates for spatially explicit approaches to better understand groundwater storage dynamics and river–aquifer interactions in complex hydrogeological environments.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":13189,"journal":{"name":"Hydrological Processes","volume":"39 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145228018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}