地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Diverse sources of sulfur in Archean ore deposits of the southwest Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia","authors":"Paul Duuring, Ignacio González-Álvarez","doi":"10.1007/s00126-025-01386-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00126-025-01386-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Multiple sulfur isotopes (δ³⁴S, δ³³S, δ³⁶S) are powerful tracers of sulfur reservoirs and fluid evolution in mineral systems, especially in granulite-facies terranes where conventional geochemical indicators may be overprinted. The Yilgarn Craton is one of the most gold-rich Cratons in the world. This study applies in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) to analyze sulfur isotopes in sulfide minerals from a range of Archean mineral deposits in the southwest Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia—including seven metamorphosed gold deposits, and nearby intrusion-related and volcanic-hosted massive sulfide (VHMS) systems. The results reveal systematic differences in Δ³³S values across deposit types. Intrusion-related and some VHMS deposits display near-zero Δ³³S values, consistent with sulfur derived from a primitive mantle source and limited crustal input. In contrast, metamorphosed gold deposits exhibit a broader range of Δ³³S values, reflecting mixed contributions from mantle-derived fluids and Archean sedimentary sulfur, including both sulfide- and sulfate-dominated reservoirs. These findings highlight the utility of multiple sulfur isotopes for fingerprinting sulfur sources and fluid processes in high-grade metamorphic terranes. The data underscore the diversity of sulfur reservoirs accessed by different mineral systems and offer a geochemical framework for interpreting metallogenic processes in the southwest Yilgarn Craton.</p>","PeriodicalId":18682,"journal":{"name":"Mineralium Deposita","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144987324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of gillnet mesh size on catch efficiency and bycatch in the Greenlandic lumpfish (Cyclopterus lumpus) fishery","authors":"Malthe Kjølhede Ahlmann Olesen ,&nbsp;Bent Herrmann ,&nbsp;Rikke Petri Frandsen ,&nbsp;Flemming R. Merkel ,&nbsp;Cas Van Der Kaaden ,&nbsp;Søren Post","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecss.2025.109534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Greenlandic lumpfish (<em>Cyclopterus lumpus</em>) fishery is among the largest lumpfish fisheries in the world and serves as an important source of income for many local small-scale fishers. The fishery primarily targets females for their highly valued roe, using gillnets deployed from smaller vessels. However, challenges with unwanted bycatches raise concerns about the sustainability of the fishery. This study examines the impact of three different gillnet mesh sizes on the catch efficiency of lumpfish and non-target species. Results demonstrate that reducing the mesh size from the currently regulated 135 mm–120 mm (half mesh) can increase the catch probability of female lumpfish by 32 % while the capture for male lumpfish was estimated to increase by 240 %. Conversely, increasing the mesh size to 150 mm (half mesh) reduces female lumpfish catches by 70 % and 94 % for males respectively. The species composition was not affected to the same extent by changing mesh size. Despite the increased catch efficiency of lumpfish with smaller mesh sizes, the potential for higher seabird bycatch remains a significant concern, preventing recommendations for regulatory changes based on the current data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50497,"journal":{"name":"Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 109534"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145004813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Leading Modes of North American Summer Heatwave Variability in CMIP6 Models","authors":"Dae Il Jeong,&nbsp;Bin Yu,&nbsp;Alex J. Cannon","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042826","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study evaluates 33 CMIP6 GCMs for their ability to simulate the dominant modes of heatwave variability (monthly maximum 3-day temperatures) during extended summers (June–September 1961–2010) across North America (NA) and associated teleconnections with the North Pacific and regional processes affecting formation. By applying common Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis to three global reanalysis data sets, combined with Common Basis Function (CBF) approach for the GCMs, a unified framework for evaluating performance is established. Two distinct leading modes of monthly summer heatwave variability over NA–dipole and tripole patterns–are identified using the common EOF. The GCMs reproduce these modes, showing agreement in the centers of positive and negative anomalies with the reanalysis data sets, particularly when evaluated using the CBF approach. The GCMs capture large-scale North Pacific to North American wave train patterns associated with the two modes of heatwave variability over NA, showing a phase shift between them. They reproduce atmospheric moisture conditions, such as total column water vapor and precipitation; however, performance in capturing these anomalies is lower due to the complexities of moisture transport and convection. The GCMs also effectively reproduce regional-scale surface radiation and turbulent heat flux anomalies related to heatwave variability. Ensemble means of the GCMs generally outperform individual models, highlighting the advantages of multi-model ensembles in reducing uncertainty and improving overall accuracy. Higher-resolution models outperform lower-resolution counterparts in capturing the intricate details of heatwave variability and associated processes, underscoring the importance of resolution in achieving accurate simulations of these extremes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JD042826","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Reversibility of Antarctic Sea Ice Loss Under CO2 Removal Scenarios","authors":"Sirui Li,&nbsp;Kaiming Hu,&nbsp;Gang Huang,&nbsp;Xiao-Tong Zheng","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116756","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A pronounced decline in Antarctic sea ice has been observed since 2014, with major changes in the Earth system. This study investigates whether these impacts can be reversed by removing atmospheric greenhouse gases. Using carbon dioxide removal experiments from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6, we identify considerable inter-model diversity in projections of Antarctic sea ice recovery, partly driven by a positive feedback loop starting from different initial ocean stratification in the present climate. Specifically, during the CO₂ increasing period, models with stronger initial stratification tend to store heat in the upper layer but not in the deeper layer in the Antarctic Ocean, accelerating sea ice melting, which in turn strengthens ocean stratification and thus impedes sea ice recovery during the CO₂ decreasing period. Conversely, weaker stratification promotes sea ice recovery under carbon dioxide removal scenarios. This demonstrates that the initial ocean stratification intensity exerts a critical influence on the reversibility of Antarctic sea ice loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934909","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Intracloud Negative Branches on Continuing Current in Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning","authors":"Jizhou Feng,&nbsp;Shanfeng Yuan,&nbsp;Rubin Jiang,&nbsp;Yu Wang,&nbsp;Chunfa Sun,&nbsp;Huimin Lyu,&nbsp;Zhuling Sun,&nbsp;Dongfang Wang,&nbsp;Mingyuan Liu,&nbsp;Jiangwan Zhu,&nbsp;Zifan Huang,&nbsp;Zhengqi Wang,&nbsp;Xiushu Qie","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116612","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Continuing current (CC) in cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning plays a critical role, particularly in wildfire ignition, yet CC's mechanism remains an open question. This study analyzes six CG flashes captured by the high-speed camera at Beijing and Lhasa, which reveal the propagation of intracloud negative leaders before and after each return stroke. While the positive leaders are invisible, obscured by the cloud, we quantified the cumulative channel extension of negative branches. We find that the short CC is linked with vigorous negative branches after the stroke, while the long CC correlates with near absence of negative branches. Assuming a stable propagation of positive leaders before and after negative strokes, the duration of CC could be controlled by the current competition between intracloud negative leaders and the stroke channel. This study provides novel insights into CC mechanisms and suggests a new method to evaluate CC duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116612","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Controls on Fjord Temperature Throughout Greenland in a Reduced-Physics Model","authors":"Martim Mas e Braga,&nbsp;Tom Cowton,&nbsp;Donald Slater,&nbsp;Mark Inall,&nbsp;Eleanor Johnstone,&nbsp;Neil Fraser","doi":"10.1029/2025GL116902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL116902","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Greenland's fjords modulate exchanges between its outlet glaciers and the open ocean. Subglacial discharge and iceberg melt redistribute heat and salt in the fjord, modifying waters at glacier fronts and impacting glacier melt. Considering observations are sparse and general circulation models are computationally expensive, we use a reduced-physics model to simulate vertical profiles of temperature and salinity for 37 fjords around Greenland. For each fjord, we conduct large model ensembles to explore the effects of subglacial discharge, iceberg melt, and fjord-shelf exchange on water properties. We show that our model successfully captures water mass changes inside fjords: iceberg melt cools the surface, while subglacial discharge plumes and fjord-shelf exchange tend to decrease and increase temperature stratification, respectively. By comparing our ensemble to observations, we highlight that despite high interannual and fjord-to-fjord variability in ocean and meltwater forcings, a reduced-physics model can elucidate how fjords modulate ice-sheet-ocean exchanges at Greenland-wide scales.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL116902","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144934987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefits of a Landfast Ice Representation on Simulated Antarctic Sea Ice and Coastal Polynya Dynamics","authors":"N. Pirlet,&nbsp;T. Fichefet,&nbsp;M. Vancoppenolle,&nbsp;A. D. Fraser,&nbsp;P. Mathiot,&nbsp;C. Rousset,&nbsp;A. Barthélemy,&nbsp;P.-Y. Barriat,&nbsp;C. Pelletier,&nbsp;G. Madec,&nbsp;C. Kittel","doi":"10.1029/2024JC022032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JC022032","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Antarctic coastal marine region is a unique and highly complex environment, of which landfast ice and polynyas are key features, especially in the context of dense water formation. Current large-scale ocean-sea ice models used in climate studies simulate hardly any Antarctic landfast ice, which has presumably negative implications on sea ice and polynya dynamics. Here we develop, implement, and evaluate an empirical circumpolar Antarctic landfast-ice representation for large-scale ocean-sea ice models. This representation is based on the restoring of sea ice velocity to zero where and when landfast ice is observed, according to a recently released circum-Antarctic landfast ice database. Using 2001–2017 hindcast simulations with the NEMO-<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msup>\u0000 <mtext>SI</mtext>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msup>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${text{SI}}^{3}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> model, we demonstrate that prescribing landfast ice not only ensures accurate landfast ice coverage, as expected, but also largely improves the simulated landfast ice thickness and polynya dynamics. This includes more realistic polynya coverage, individual polynya shape, frequency, and ice production rates. Additionally, the model low bias in summer ice extent is reduced, as prescribing landfast ice locks thicker ice near the coast, taking longer to melt. Our simulations also give the first estimate of landfast ice volume, representing 10.6% of the pan-Antarctic total, compared to 3.8% of the total Antarctic sea ice extent. We argue that velocity restoring is appropriate for some investigations of the Antarctic landfast ice over the recent past, but not for the remote past or future projections, for which a physical representation of landfast ice drivers, particularly iceberg-sea ice interactions, is necessary.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JC022032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The palaeogeography of the Bass Strait land-bridge, a vital zone of human and biological connectivity across southeastern Australia","authors":"David M. Kennedy ,&nbsp;Ali Jalali ,&nbsp;Bruno David ,&nbsp;Matthew C. McDowell ,&nbsp;Rachel A. Nanson ,&nbsp;Ashleigh J. Rogers ,&nbsp;Russell Mullett ,&nbsp;Joanna Fresløv ,&nbsp;Jessie Birkett-Rees ,&nbsp;Juliet Sefton ,&nbsp;Daniel Ierodiaconou","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Land-bridges are key regions of human connectivity, yet how geography affected peoples' movement during flooding is poorly understood. Bass Strait is one of the most important land-bridges in Australasia, separating Lutruwita/Tasmania from the mainland of Australia. The land-bridge forms a key part of Country among the region's First Peoples, with people able to move across the clan estates and residential places of the exposed Bass Strait by foot until its flooding after the Last Ice Age. In this study, we utilise high-resolution bathymetry to understand landscape change during sea-level rise. We find that rates of shoreline transgression can exceed 30 m/yr, signalling that 15 km of land would have been drowned in a persons lifetime. This rapid rate of change is within a person's life-span and would have profoundly affected individuals as they resided in and travelled across Country. We also find that people first crossed the land-bridge very soon after its exposure during climate cooling events. The analysis provides a benchmark for understanding land-bridge flooding and in turn its impact on human migrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"369 ","pages":"Article 109606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing the Relationship Between Meteor Radio Afterglows and Optical Persistent Trains","authors":"L. E. Cordonnier,&nbsp;K. S. Obenberger,&nbsp;G. B. Taylor,&nbsp;J. M. Holmes,&nbsp;J. Dowell,&nbsp;D. Vida","doi":"10.1029/2025JA034327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JA034327","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Meteor radio afterglows (MRAs) and optical persistent trains (PTs) are two types of long-lived phenomena which are occasionally observed following the occurrence of a meteor. Both phenomena are thought to be produced by intrinsic emission mechanisms; PTs have been associated with chemiluminescent reactions between meteoric metals and atmospheric ozone whereas MRA emission arises due to radiation emitted by processes in the meteor's plasma trail. Previous research has identified an association between these phenomena, and proposed a mechanism by which the reactions responsible for PTs could also fuel MRAs. In this work, we investigate said connection using a substantially larger catalog containing hundreds of examples of each phenomenon. Using meteor data from the Global Meteor Network (GMN), we performed a directed search in all-sky radio images obtained by the Long Wavelength Array (LWA) radio telescope to identify meteors with MRAs. The resulting catalog spanned nearly 2 years and contained a total of 2,887 meteors, with 675 MRA events and 372 PTs. Statistical analyses suggest that the connection between the two phenomena is not as strong as previously supposed. Additionally, we show that the MRA occurrence rates do not have a strong seasonal dependence, meteoroid strength dependence, or preference between meteor showers and sporadics. Interestingly, we find that a meteor's entry angle appears to play a significant role in whether an MRA is observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JA034327","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144990651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Snow Patterns Derived Using ClustSnow Are Temporally Persistent Under Variable Environmental Conditions","authors":"Joschka Geissler, Giulia Mazzotti, Lars Rathmann, Clare Webster, Markus Weiler","doi":"10.1029/2024wr038442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024wr038442","url":null,"abstract":"Snow distribution affects water availability locally and downstream, especially in forests where snow amounts vary across small spatial scales (&lt;3 m). Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle (UAV)‐based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) measurements revealed that the snow distribution follows persistent patterns which, once identified, can be used to extrapolate point observations across space. Existing methods have derived such patterns from individual snow depth surveys, producing extrapolation bases that are limited to the specific timing of the underlying data. The new ClustSnow workflow addresses this limitation by applying clustering algorithms to multi‐temporal UAV‐based LiDAR snow depth maps, producing patterns that serve as an extrapolation basis for snow measurements across entire snow seasons. Here, we evaluate ClustSnow's transferability among sites and patterns' temporal persistence across three snow seasons with different snow dynamics. To support this assessment, we present a novel data set consisting of 19 UAV‐based LiDAR surveys, a network of snow depth sensors, and manual snow measurements, collected in Alptal (Swiss Prealps) and at the Schauinsland summit (German Black Forest). The derived clusters show similarities with forest structure classes at Alptal (up to 91%), but less at Schauinsland (up to 71%). At both sites, snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE) maps obtained by ClustSnow are consistent with manual measurements and physics‐based snow model simulations, with mean root mean square errors of 8 cm for snow depth and 30 mm for SWE maps. ClustSnow therefore provides a robust framework for determining temporally persistent snow patterns and generating spatiotemporally continuous snow data sets from observations.","PeriodicalId":23799,"journal":{"name":"Water Resources Research","volume":"83 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144995185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}