地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Tree-Ring Anatomy Improves the Reliability of Temperature Reconstructions Using Relict Wood","authors":"Stefan Klesse,&nbsp;Jesper Björklund,&nbsp;Marina V. Fonti,&nbsp;Daniel Nievergelt,&nbsp;Georg von Arx,&nbsp;Rashit M. Hantemirov,&nbsp;Vladimir V. Kukarskih,&nbsp;Lisbeth Garbrecht Thygesen,&nbsp;Nanna Bjerregaard Pedersen,&nbsp;Patrick Fonti","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113310","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tree rings are crucial for reconstructing past climates, with maximum latewood density (MXD) as a key metric. However, wood integrity is critical for accurate MXD-based reconstructions, raising concerns when using potentially degraded relict wood. Quantitative wood anatomy (QWA) provides a morphometric alternative. We compared X-ray and QWA-derived density measurements from recent and five-millennia-old relict wood from Siberia's Yamal region. We measured bulk density and holo-cellulose-to-wood ratio and employed spectroscopic analyses to identify chemical factors affecting density loss. The findings indicate likely abiotic degradation in relict wood, evidenced by significantly lower bulk density, holo-cellulose content, and MXD than recent samples, while anatomical density and maximum radial cell wall thickness appeared unchanged. MXD-based estimates suggested 1.7°C colder June-August (JJA) temperatures 4,700 years ago, while QWA-based estimates indicated 0.4°C warmer JJA temperatures than the 20th-century mean. For relict wood with potential mass loss due to degradation, QWA is recommended over traditional MXD methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113310","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerobic nitrogen cycling in a molybdenum-limited, redox-stratified Mesoproterozoic epeiric sea","authors":"Geoffrey J. Gilleaudeau ,&nbsp;Linda C. Kah ,&nbsp;Christopher K. Junium ,&nbsp;Ariel D. Anbar","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119369","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119369","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nitrogen is a critically important element for life on Earth, and its cycling through the ocean-atmosphere system is a biologically mediated process that requires a suite of transition metals as enzyme cofactors. For example, the most common form of nitrogenase (the enzyme that mediates nitrogen fixation by prokaryotes) requires molybdenum and iron as structural components. It has been proposed, however, that ‘alternative nitrogenase’ enzymes may have been important under conditions of expanded euxinia and Mo drawdown that may have characterized parts of the Proterozoic oceans. Furthermore, it has been proposed that bioavailable nitrate was scarce in the Mesoproterozoic oceans, inhibiting the evolution of eukaryotes that lack the ability to fix their own nitrogen. To test these hypotheses, we examined nitrogen isotopes (δ¹⁵N) in black and grey shale of the ∼1.1 Ga Atar and El Mreiti groups, Taoudeni Basin, Mauritania as a proxy for nitrogen cycling in the Mesoproterozoic oceans. These strata were previously investigated for iron speciation and trace metal content, and they record a period of substantial Mo drawdown in a redox-stratified epeiric sea. In the Atar and El Mreiti groups, both shallow epicratonic and deeper pericratonic environments record strongly positive δ¹⁵N values (median = +4.6‰), indicative of an aerobic nitrogen cycle characterized by nitrification and partial denitrification, and thus surface waters that were replete in bioavailable nitrate. Even in the most Mo-limited euxinic environments, positive δ¹⁵N values suggest nitrate-replete surface waters. These results are consistent with a large compilation of δ¹⁵N data from other Mesoproterozoic basins, which collectively do not support the presence of a metal-nitrogen co-limited biosphere in the Mesoproterozoic oceans. Instead, we suggest that nitrogen fixation likely proceeded via Mo-Fe-nitrogenase and nitrate was readily available in the oceans during much of the Mesoproterozoic, with phosphorus acting as the limiting macronutrient on the marine biosphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"661 ","pages":"Article 119369"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875055","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can We Rely on Satellite Visible/Infrared Microphysical Retrievals of Boundary Layer Clouds in Partially Cloudy Scenes? Implications for Climate Research","authors":"David Painemal,&nbsp;William L. Smith Jr.,&nbsp;Siddhant Gupta,&nbsp;Richard Moore,&nbsp;Brian Cairns,&nbsp;Greg M. McFarquhar,&nbsp;Joseph O’Brien","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113825","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study addresses the longstanding question of the reliability of gridded visible/infrared satellite cloud properties in partially cloudy scenes. By using in-situ cloud probes and airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) observations, we analyze bias changes in satellite retrievals from the Spinning Enhanced Visible Infra-Red Imager (SEVIRI) geostationary sensor during the ORACLES campaign. Biases in cloud optical depth (<i>τ</i>) and droplet effective radius (<i>r</i>_<i>e</i>) modestly change for cloud area fraction greater than 35%. The agreement between SEVIRI and RSP <i>r</i>_<i>e</i> substantially improves when the retrievals are averaged after removing pixels with <i>τ</i> &lt; 3.0, yielding biases indistinguishable from overcast scenes. In addition, satellite and RSP show an excellent agreement for closed- and open-cell stratocumulus clouds, showing that the satellite retrievals capture spatial changes of <i>r</i>_<i>e</i>, and confirming that satellites can faithfully reproduce real physical features for optically thick and partially cloudy scenes. We demonstrate that a simple methodology can minimize uncertainties in satellite-based climate studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113825","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the Mechanisms of Earthquake-Induced Groundwater Radon Changes in a Hot Spring-Insight From Coupled Flow Rates, Water Temperature, and Radon Observation","authors":"Wei Liu,&nbsp;Zheming Shi,&nbsp;Yunfei Bai,&nbsp;Rui Yan,&nbsp;Yuchuan Ma","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030878","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Radon (²²²Rn), a radioactive inert gas commonly found in the earth's crust, is sensitive to crustal strain. Radon monitoring is widely recognized as an effective method for earthquake precursor detection. However, the underlying physical mechanisms responsible for these anomalies have not been investigated quantitatively. Thus, in this study, changes in radon concentration were systematically analyzed by integrating flow rates and water temperature data from the Banglazhang #1 hot spring in Yunnan, China, following the 1996 Lijiang Mw 7.0 earthquake and the 2004 Sumatra Mw 9.1 earthquake, both of which induced significant hydrological responses. Our analysis demonstrated that meteorological factors were not the primary drivers of radon concentration changes. The change in the mixing ratio from different depths of water was identified as the primary mechanism driving radon concentration changes following the Lijiang earthquake. Furthermore, the release of radon from particle movement, along with the change in the mixing ratio after the earthquake, might explain the co-seismic response following the Sumatra earthquake. The water–rock interaction surface area increased from about 7 × 10⁴ m² to 1.85 × 10⁵ m² following the Sumatra earthquake. Our study showed that coupling of flow rates, water temperature, and radon could provide a robust explanation of the earthquake-induced hydrological response. Thus, monitoring multiple parameters is essential for accurately and promptly detecting earthquake-related signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thunderstorm Charge Distribution Determination Using Cosmic Rays Induced Air Showers and Lightning Imaging at LOFAR","authors":"T. N. G. Trinh,&nbsp;O. Scholten,&nbsp;R. van Loon,&nbsp;B. M. Hare,&nbsp;J. D. Assink,&nbsp;S. Bouma,&nbsp;S. Buitink,&nbsp;A. Corstanje,&nbsp;S. Cummer,&nbsp;M. Desmet,&nbsp;J. Dwyer,&nbsp;H. Falcke,&nbsp;J. R. Hörandel,&nbsp;T. Huege,&nbsp;N. Karastathis,&nbsp;G. K. Krampah,&nbsp;P. Laub,&nbsp;N. Liu,&nbsp;M. Lourens,&nbsp;K. Mulrey,&nbsp;A. Nelles,&nbsp;H. Pandya,&nbsp;C. Sterpka,&nbsp;K. Terveer,&nbsp;S. Thoudam,&nbsp;P. Turekova,&nbsp;S. ter Veen","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115586","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope possesses the unique capability to measure ultra-high energy cosmic rays as well as image lightning discharges. This study presents a comparison between the inferred thunderstorm charge structures derived from cosmic-ray measurements and from lightning flashes. Our results show a basic triple-layered distribution: a positive upper layer, a main negative layer, and a positive lower layer. However, our cosmic-ray measurement shows a bottom-heavy structure, where the charge in the upper positively charged layer is smaller than that in the lower one. This is consistent with practically all lightning observations with LOFAR, showing well-developed negative leader structures at altitudes below those where positive leaders are seen. This is very different from the vast majority of thundercloud charge structures seen around the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115586","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Crucial Role of the Initial State in MJO Prediction","authors":"L. Bengtsson,&nbsp;S. N. Tulich,&nbsp;J. Dias,&nbsp;B. Wolding,&nbsp;K. J. C. Hall,&nbsp;M. Gehne,&nbsp;G. N. Kiladis,&nbsp;P. Pegion","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115833","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO) is a key driver of intraseasonal predictability. Accurate prediction of the MJO is challenging partly due to its complex interactions with the background state and sensitivity to initial conditions and unresolved processes. Using NOAA's Unified Forecast System, we explore the impact of subtle differences in initial conditions on MJO forecasts over the Indo-Pacific. Model runs initialized with two independent reanalyses show significant and systematic differences in MJO circulation amplitude that emerge rapidly and persist over the 15-day forecast period. Additional analysis suggests the reason is due to differences in the initial atmospheric static stability. Specifically, the reanalysis that is initially less stable is associated with enhanced large-scale vertical motion and divergent winds throughout the forecast. Notably, a convection-based MJO index shows less sensitivity to initial conditions, suggesting that the differences in MJO circulation amplitude arise through mechanisms other than changes in convection or diabatic heating.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115833","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Silicate Catchment Dynamics of the Oplotnica River (Slovenia) Through Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes","authors":"Tjaša Kanduč,&nbsp;Mirijam Vrabec,&nbsp;Timotej Verbovšek,&nbsp;Jennifer McIntosh,&nbsp;Daniel Žlindra,&nbsp;Urša Vilhar","doi":"10.1007/s10498-025-09439-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10498-025-09439-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the sources of carbon and nitrogen in a small, silicate-dominated catchment (Oplotnica River, Pohorje, Slovenia) with two creeks, Lukanjski and Javorski, from 2012 to 2014. Additionally, carbon and nitrogen cycling in soil profiles was studied at Javorski Creek. Isotopic analyses of river water, particulates, and sediments provided a more holistic view of the sources of carbon and nitrogen, weathering contributions, and the evasion or sequestration of CO₂ in the atmosphere within the catchments. The weathering of rocks, such as granodiorite and quartz diorite, influences water geochemistry. The Oplotnica River and its tributaries were characterized by the ion composition: Na⁺  &gt; Ca²⁺  &gt; Mg²⁺  &gt; K⁺ and HCO₃⁻ &gt; SO₄²⁻ &gt; Cl⁻ &gt; NO₃⁻. Partial pressure of CO₂ concentrations in river and creeks ranged from 1.1 to 13.4 times that of atmospheric pressure, representing a source of CO₂ to the atmosphere. The carbon isotope value of dissolved inorganic carbon (<i>δ</i>¹³C_DIC) ranged from − 9.8 to − 1.4‰ in river, while in the creeks, it ranged from − 26.1 to − 4.7‰, reflecting the degradation of organic matter and exchange with the atmosphere. The intensity of bicarbonate weathering for the Oplotnica River at its gauging station was 10.4 mmol/(l⋅km²⋅s), characteristic of silicate watersheds. The isotopic composition of carbon (<i>δ</i>¹³C) and nitrogen (<i>δ</i>¹⁵N) in river sediments reflects values typical of soil and temperate (C3) plants. This study is significant on both local and global levels, as it addresses the contribution of weathering rates and the release of CO₂ to the atmosphere from small silicate watersheds.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8102,"journal":{"name":"Aquatic Geochemistry","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10498-025-09439-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transport and Depositional Processes of Neogene Pumice Fragments in a Distal Fluvial System of the Northern Patagonian Foreland (Argentina)","authors":"Lucas Peñacorada,&nbsp;Ricardo Gómez,&nbsp;Maisa Tunik,&nbsp;Silvio Casadio","doi":"10.1111/bre.70028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70028","url":null,"abstract":"<p>There are numerous studies analysing volcaniclastic supply to continental environments in distal areas from source volcanoes. However, there are few examples where large pumice fragments are mentioned in distal fluvial deposits. In this work, the Miocene synorogenic deposits of the Northern Patagonian Foreland (Chichinales and El Palo Formations) were studied. The deposits of the latter unit include pumice fragments with diameters of up to 30 cm that were accumulated in a fluvial environment more than 200 km from the Andean volcanic arc. Although previous works mention the presence of pumice in this unit, an analysis of the origin, the transport and depositional processes of these fragments was not carried out. Based on the study of stratigraphic sections along the extra-Andean zone, it was determined that the sediments of the Lower Miocene (Chichinales Formation) were deposited in a low-to-medium energy fluvial environment with development of wide floodplains and palaeosol formation during stability periods. The Middle Miocene?—Lower Pliocene deposits (El Palo Formation) correspond to a moderate-to-high energy braided fluvial system with occasional high discharge periods. The pumice fragments present in this unit were derived from the reworking of primary pyroclastic deposits outcropping at the foot of the Andes, associated with important explosive volcanic activity during the Miocene. These fragments were transported and deposited by both dilute flows and sediment gravity flows with high concentrations of pumice. Petrographic analysis of El Palo Formation sandstones showed a provenance mostly related to the erosion of pyroclastic, arc-related deposits. The main source areas would have been the Andean arc and the North Patagonian Massif. A maximum depositional age of 14.6 ± 1 Ma was obtained in a sample from the El Palo Formation, which constitutes the first U–Pb dating of detrital zircons from this unit in the study area. This age matches with a peak of magmatic activity of the Patagonian Batholith responsible for huge arc-derived ignimbrites recorded at the foot of the Andes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8712,"journal":{"name":"Basin Research","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/bre.70028","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143875602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Winter-Time Clear Air Turbulence in the Trans-Atlantic Region Under Stratospheric Aerosol Injection","authors":"K. L. Barnes,&nbsp;A. C. Jones,&nbsp;P. D. Williams,&nbsp;J. M. Haywood","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113627","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Clear air turbulence (CAT) is a safety threat within the aviation sector and is projected to worsen under global warming. Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is a climate intervention strategy that aims to ameliorate climate change by artificially cooling Earth. Climate model simulations have found a side-effect of SAI would be a strengthening of the positive phase of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). This links to a stronger North Atlantic jet stream and suggests enhanced CAT in the region. Here, we analyze simulations from the UKESM1 climate model to evaluate the impact of a realistic SAI application on winter-time trans-Atlantic CAT. We find a 23% decrease in severe CAT frequency under SAI when compared to a baseline high-end global warming scenario. Our results indicate that the amelioration of global warming under SAI has a more dominant impact on CAT over the North Atlantic than residual impacts to the NAO.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113627","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tectonic Stress as the Driving Mechanism for Dike Opening in an Oblique Rift Setting: A Deformation Model of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall Dike, Iceland","authors":"Sonja H. M. Greiner,&nbsp;Freysteinn Sigmundsson,&nbsp;Halldór Geirsson,&nbsp;Steffi Burchardt,&nbsp;Olivier Galland","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113970","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Repeated dike-intrusions often occur in zones where extensional stress has accumulated. Still, geodetic modeling of observed dike-induced ground deformation often ignores the contribution of tectonic stress. On the obliquely spreading Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland, tectonic strain build-up had been geodetically documented for three decades when a magmatic dike formed at Fagradalsfjall in 2021. We explore the contribution of tectonic stress on dike emplacement in a viscoelastic three-dimensional Finite-Element deformation model. Tectonic stress accumulation is initially simulated through plate motion, and later partially released by opening of a segmented rectangular dike. We find that surface deformation can be largely reproduced by releasing <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>∼</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${sim} $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>60% of the accumulated tectonic stress. Partial stress release and low magma overpressure are consistent with successive dike intrusions and low-intensity eruptions in the area. Our model provides an approach to consistently model stress-release constrained by surface deformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113970","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}