地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Mechanism and Models of Nano-Confined Slip Flow of Shale Oil","authors":"Ren-Shi Nie, Jing-Shun Li, Jian-Chun Guo, Zhangxin Chen, Jingcheng Liu, Cong Lu, Fan-Hui Zeng","doi":"10.1007/s11053-024-10440-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-024-10440-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The flow of shale oil in nano-scale rock pores follows the slip flow regime, in which the flow velocity at the nanopore walls is not zero. The nano-scale effect of the boundary layer renders the slip flow effect in the nanopores non-negligible. In this study, the slip flow mechanism of shale oil in nanopores was reviewed. The nano-scale effect of the boundary layer renders the slip flow effect in the nanopores non-negligible. The slip length and flow enhancement factor are the primary parameters used to evaluate the slip effect. The main factors influencing the slip effect were then analyzed, including the fluid properties, nanopore properties, pressure gradient, and temperature. Additionally, three slip flow models for shale oil in circular, elliptical and slit nanopores were reviewed. Moreover, a modification method for the shape factor is introduced to evaluate the slip effect of irregular nanopores. The general conclusions regarding the mechanism and models of slip flow in shale oil are summarized as follows: (1) Slip flow of shale oil occurs predominantly in nanopores due to scale effects and stronger internal interaction forces among alkane molecules. (2) The influence of slip flow is more pronounced in organic nanopores than in inorganic nanopores. (3) Significant slip flow effects are observed with larger slip lengths and flow enhancement factors. (4) Our analytical models indicated that slip flow effects are more pronounced with smaller hydraulic diameters. (5) The effects of slip flow are more pronounced in nanopores with irregular geometric shapes. Lastly, recommendations for future research are proposed.</p>","PeriodicalId":54284,"journal":{"name":"Natural Resources Research","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Orientation Piezometry: Methods for Quantifying Stress From the Compositions and Orientations of Multicomponent Minerals","authors":"Benjamin L. Hess,&nbsp;Jay J. Ague","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030113","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2024JB030113","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mineral chemistry records the pressure and temperature conditions of lithospheric processes. Active tectonic margins, however, are subjected to non-hydrostatic stresses wherein stress magnitudes vary directionally, and the impact of non-hydrostatic stress on mineral chemistry is uncertain. The work of materials scientists F. Larché and J. Cahn provides a framework for quantifying how stress affects mineral chemistry. Crystallographically and mechanically anisotropic, multicomponent minerals will have different compositions as a function of their orientation under a fixed stress meaning that grain-to-grain compositional variation can be used to estimate stress. We develop two “orientation piezometry” methods that use the chemistry and orientations of multicomponent, anisotropic minerals to estimate stress. The first method uses chemistry and orientation (“coupled orientation piezometry”) whereas the second method uses composition alone (“decoupled orientation piezometry”). We apply the methods to clinopyroxene and feldspar solid solutions using synthetic data sets. The first method determines the full stress tensor whereas the second method can only determine the differential stress magnitude unless additional a priori information is specified. Plausible scenarios for orientation piezometry include minerals undergoing diffusion creep, recrystallized grains formed during dislocation creep, and minerals grown statically under stress. Preliminary application of the decoupled piezometer to the famous eclogite facies shear zones on Holsnøy, Norway, suggests differential stresses in the range of 300–900 MPa, broadly consistent with previous estimates from the area. Thus, orientation piezometry techniques may provide valuable constraints on geodynamic processes and insights into long-standing geological problems such as the relationship between pressure and depth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstructing ancient Southern African mitochondrial genomes at Faraoskop","authors":"Alan G. Morris,&nbsp;Tasneem Salie,&nbsp;Alissa Mittnik,&nbsp;George Rebello,&nbsp;Chiara Barbieri,&nbsp;John Parkington,&nbsp;Johannes Krause,&nbsp;Raj Ramesar","doi":"10.1007/s12520-024-02130-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12520-024-02130-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Twelve human skeletons, approximately 2000 years old, were recovered from the Faraoskop archaeological site in the Western Cape Province, South Africa (Manhire 1993). Several of the skeletons were well enough preserved to determine the osteological profiles (sex, age and stature etc.). Additionally, paleopathological and traumatic changes were observed on some of these skeletal remains. Given suggested context that these human remains were drawn from a single mortuary event, this paper investigates the possibility of familial relationships between the individuals by establishing maternal profiles from mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondrial DNA analysis resulted in the identification of four full genomes from the Faraoskop (FK) individuals and the two Khoesan pastoralist individuals chosen as reference samples for the analysis. Three other FK individuals provided partial genomes which could be assigned to incomplete haplotypes. Five individuals could not be sequenced due to poor DNA preservation. Molecular sex could be confirmed for five FK and two reference individuals, adding to the sex assessment from osteological data. All but one of the mitochondrial haplotypes were L0d1 or L0d2 which is consistent with mtDNA from living Khoesan populations in southern Africa. One individual (FK1) was L0f1, a haplotype which is not present southern African Khoesan, but is currently centred in Uganda and Tanzania. It is occasionally found amongst southern African Bantu speakers which suggests that the presence of L0f1 is a remnant of an earlier distribution which is now lost. The three L0 mitochondrial haplotypes from the six Faraoskop individuals (L0d1, L0d2, and L0f) suggest a diversity of maternal lineages compatible with the diversity of Khoesan groups but given the simultaneity of the burial, it is tempting to suggest that those with similar maternal haplotypes were closely related.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":8214,"journal":{"name":"Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12520-024-02130-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Freeze-thaw process boosts penguin-derived NH3 emissions and enhances climate-relevant particles formation in Antarctica","authors":"Rong Tian,&nbsp;Jinpei Yan,&nbsp;Fangqun Yu,&nbsp;Hang Yang,&nbsp;Shanshan Wang,&nbsp;Shuhui Zhao,&nbsp;Miming Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaoke Zhang,&nbsp;Siying Dai","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00873-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00873-1","url":null,"abstract":"Ammonia volatilized from penguin excreta is a significant nitrogen source in Antarctic ecosystems, influencing climate through new particle formation (NPF). Freeze-thaw events can trigger ammonia emissions, but their impact on penguin-derived ammonia is understudied and overlooked in models. Here we investigate the contribution of penguins to ammonia and their climatic impacts using cruise observations and GEOS-Chem-APM simulations. High ammonia concentrations, with a maximum exceeding 7000 ng/m3, were observed over the Southern Ocean and Prydz Bay, driven by air masses from penguin colonies. Simulations showed that incorporating freeze-thaw impact improves model performance, with penguin-derived ammonia emissions enhanced by up to 20-fold and reaching a total of 49 Gg across Antarctica in November. Elevated ammonia increased simulated secondary particle number concentrations by 30−300% through NPF, enhancing simulated cloud droplet number concentrations by 10−20% and altering cloud properties. This study underscores the importance of incorporating penguin emissions into models, particularly during freeze-thaw events.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00873-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ComHazAsTC-RRE: Compound Hazard Assessment of Tropical Cyclones within Repeatable, Reproducible, and Expandable Framework","authors":"Ziying Zhou, Saini Yang, Siqin Wang, Xiaoyan Liu, Fuyu Hu, Yaqiao Wu, Yu Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jag.2024.104314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2024.104314","url":null,"abstract":"Compound hazards caused by tropical cyclones involve interactions among multiple hazards, such as wind, rainfall, and storm surge, significantly increasing the uncertainty and destructiveness of disasters. Existing studies primarily focus on probabilistic analyses of single or dual hazards associated with tropical cyclones, revealing limitations in handling high-dimensional data and complex dependencies. This study developed the ComHazAsTC-RRE (<ce:underline>Com</ce:underline>pound <ce:underline>Haz</ce:underline>ard <ce:underline>As</ce:underline>sessment of <ce:underline>T</ce:underline>ropical <ce:underline>C</ce:underline>yclones within <ce:underline>R</ce:underline>epeatable, <ce:underline>R</ce:underline>eproducible, and <ce:underline>E</ce:underline>xpandable Framework) model to analyze the compound hazards of wind, rainfall, and storm surge induced by tropical cyclones and successfully applied it to China’s coast. We collected globally accessible daily records of maximum wind speed, cumulative rainfall, and maximum storm surge for China’s coastal areas from 1979 to 2018. Using a C-Vine Copula with wind speed as the core, incorporating rainfall and storm surge as branches, we accurately captured complex dependencies of tropical cyclones. Our various return period analyses underscore the importance of considering multiple hazards and their interactions. Additionally, the application of Compound Hazard Index in China reveals that southeastern coastal areas are subjected to significantly higher compound hazards, driven by high wind speeds and strong spatial–temporal consistency of hazards. An in-depth analysis of failure probabilities indicates that neglecting the interactions among hazards can result in substantial additional cost for engineering projects, especially during severe tropical cyclones. This study offers new perspectives and scientific tools for understanding and addressing compound hazards, formulating effective disaster prevention and mitigation strategies, and supporting the sustainable development of coastal regions worldwide.","PeriodicalId":50341,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142874814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greenland Ice Sheet Elevation Change From CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2","authors":"Nitin Ravinder, Andrew Shepherd, Inès Otosaka, Thomas Slater, Alan Muir, Lin Gilbert","doi":"10.1029/2024gl110822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024gl110822","url":null,"abstract":"Although fluctuations in ice sheet surface mass balance lead to seasonal and interannual elevation changes, it is unclear if they are resolved differently by radar and laser satellite altimeters. We compare methods of computing elevation change from CryoSat-2 and ICESat-2 over the Greenland Ice Sheet to assess their consistency and to quantify recent change. Solutions exist such that interannual trends in the interior and the ablation zone agree to within −0.2 ± 1.5 and 3.3 ± 6.0 cm/yr, respectively, and that seasonal cycle amplitudes within the ablation zone agree to within 3.5 ± 38.0 cm. The agreement is best in the north where the measurements are relatively dense and worst in the southeast where the terrain is rugged. Using both missions, we estimate Greenland lost 196 ± 37 km³/yr of volume between 2010 and 2022 with an interannual variability of 129 km³/yr.","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142857733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved aboveground biomass estimation and regional assessment with aerial lidar in California’s subalpine forests","authors":"Sara Winsemius,&nbsp;Chad Babcock,&nbsp;Van R. Kane,&nbsp;Kat J. Bormann,&nbsp;Hugh D. Safford,&nbsp;Yufang Jin","doi":"10.1186/s13021-024-00286-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s13021-024-00286-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Understanding the impacts of climate change on forest aboveground biomass is a high priority for land managers. High elevation subalpine forests provide many important ecosystem services, including carbon sequestration, and are vulnerable to climate change, which has altered forest structure and disturbance regimes. Although large, regional studies have advanced aboveground biomass mapping with satellite data, typically using a general approach broadly calibrated or trained with available field data, it is unclear how well these models work in less prevalent and highly heterogeneous forest types such as the subalpine. Monitoring biomass using methods that model uncertainty at multiple scales is critical to ensure that local relationships between biomass and input variables are retained. Forest structure metrics from lidar are particularly valuable alongside field data for mapping aboveground biomass, due to their high correlation with biomass.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We estimated aboveground woody biomass of live and dead trees and uncertainty at 30 m resolution in subalpine forests of the Sierra Nevada, California, from aerial lidar data in combination with a collection of field inventory data, using a Bayesian geostatistical model. The ten-fold cross-validation resulted in excellent model calibration of our subalpine-specific model (94.7% of measured plot biomass within the predicted 95% credible interval). When evaluated against two commonly referenced regional estimates based on Landsat optical imagery, root mean square error, relative standard error, and bias of our estimations were substantially lower, demonstrating the benefits of local modeling for subalpine forests. We mapped AGB over four management units in the Sierra Nevada and found variable biomass density ranging from 92.4 to 199.2 Mg/ha across these management units, highlighting the importance of high quality, local field and remote sensing data.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>By applying a relatively new Bayesian geostatistical modeling method to a novel forest type, our study produced the most accurate and precise aboveground biomass estimates to date for Sierra Nevada subalpine forests at 30 m pixel and management unit scales. Our estimates of total aboveground biomass within the management units had low uncertainty and can be used effectively in carbon accounting and carbon trading markets.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":505,"journal":{"name":"Carbon Balance and Management","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://cbmjournal.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/s13021-024-00286-w","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142859462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the global ocean heat content and North Atlantic heat transport over 1993–2020","authors":"Chunlei Liu,&nbsp;Liang Jin,&nbsp;Ning Cao,&nbsp;Qianye Su,&nbsp;Lijing Cheng,&nbsp;Xiaoqing Liao,&nbsp;Richard P. Allan,&nbsp;Fangli Qiao,&nbsp;Zhenya Song,&nbsp;Michael Mayer,&nbsp;Susanna Winkelbauer,&nbsp;Jiandong Li,&nbsp;Hongzhou Xu,&nbsp;Ke Yang,&nbsp;Yuying Pan,&nbsp;Zhiting Liang","doi":"10.1038/s41612-024-00860-6","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41612-024-00860-6","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding changes in global ocean heat content (OHC) is essential for investigating Earth’s energy imbalance and climate change. OHC trends are assessed using four state-of-the-art ocean reanalyses and one objective analysis. The spatial OHC trend patterns captured by reanalyses are consistent with each other, but sensitive to the selected time period. A higher proportion of heat uptake in the 100–2000 m sub-surface layer over 2001–2010 than 1994–2000 contributed to the temporary slowdown in global surface warming. The North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and heat transport show better agreement with RAPID observations compared with previous studies. Zonal mean OHC trends in the North Atlantic over 40–60 °N differ for the MOC increasing (2000–2004) and decreasing periods (2005–2010) and OHC increases are more concentrated between 30 and 40 °N in the later MOC increasing period (2011–2022). These results do not support previous studies suggesting that MOC changes are reducing Earth’s mean surface warming.","PeriodicalId":19438,"journal":{"name":"npj Climate and Atmospheric Science","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.com/articles/s41612-024-00860-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142858533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Assimilating WindBorne Observations Following Different Parts of a TPV on the Predictability of an Arctic Cyclone During THINICE","authors":"Zhihong Chen,&nbsp;Aaron Johnson,&nbsp;Xuguang Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JD042196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD042196","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The impact of assimilating in-situ observation inside a Tropopause Polar Vortex (TPV) from a novel weather balloon system, the WindBorne, on the predictability of the TPV and the coupled Arctic Cyclone (AC) is investigated using an AC case from the THINICE filed campaign. Two WindBornes continuously sampled inside and near the center of the TPV at various vertical levels for 27 hr before the cyclogenesis. The 27 hr were divided into three phases based on the different vertical levels sampled by WindBornes. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of the forecasted cyclone is reduced from 12-hr to 36-hr forecast lead time as more phases of WindBornes are assimilated. This period corresponds to when the surface cyclone becomes superimposed with the TPV and rapidly deepens. Comparing the experiment with three phases of WindBorne observations assimilated versus the baseline, the cyclone expands southwestwards toward the TPV and forms a stronger coupled structure. Two analysis improvements leading to the improved AC predictability are revealed. First, a stronger circulation at and below the tropopause of the TPV is observed, leading to stronger coupling between the TPV and the surface cyclone in the forecast. Second, a mesoscale shortwave embedded in the synoptic trough is better constrained as more phases of WindBorne are assimilated. The north part of the TPV, which evolves from the shortwave trough, is therefore forecasted to be stronger. The sensitivity of forecast performance to horizontal localization parameter of the WindBorne observations is also studied. Larger localization parameters result in larger RMSE reduction compared to smaller values.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"129 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intraseasonal Variability of the Equatorial Ionosphere Responses to the Madden-Julian Oscillation","authors":"Xu Zhou,&nbsp;Guiwan Chen,&nbsp;Xinan Yue,&nbsp;Ruilong Zhang,&nbsp;Akimasa Yoshikawa","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033342","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033342","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the response of the equatorial ionosphere to the tropospheric Madden-Jullian Oscillation (MJO) using the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model-eXtended (WACCM-X). Main results indicate that the intraseasonal variability of ionospheric vertical plasma drifts (<i>V</i>_<i>iz</i>) is generally strong around boreal winters and exhibits significant eastward-propagating signals. Composite analysis showed that, during the December-January-February-March (DJFM) season, <i>V</i>_<i>iz</i> was generally negative when the MJO was active over the Maritime Continent (Phase 5) and positive when the MJO was active over the Indian Ocean (Phase 2). The magnitude of MJO impact on <i>V</i>_<i>iz</i> achieves ∼1.2 m/s, representing roughly 10% of the seasonal mean. The eastward-propagating wavenumber-4 is apparently strong during MJO phases 5 and 1–2, which is examined to be associated with non-migrating tides below. Term analysis revealed the importance of zonal winds on driving the <i>V</i>_<i>iz</i> responses. This study emphasizes the importance of tropospheric sources that affect the geospace environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"129 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142868972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}