地球科学最新文献

{"title":"The Energy Exascale Earth System Model Version 3: 1. Overview of the Atmospheric Component","authors":"Shaocheng Xie,&nbsp;Christopher R. Terai,&nbsp;Hailong Wang,&nbsp;Qi Tang,&nbsp;Jiwen Fan,&nbsp;Susannah Burrows,&nbsp;Wuyin Lin,&nbsp;Mingxuan Wu,&nbsp;Xiaoliang Song,&nbsp;Yuying Zhang,&nbsp;Mark A. Taylor,&nbsp;Jean-Christophe Golaz,&nbsp;James J. Benedict,&nbsp;Chih-Chieh-Jack Chen,&nbsp;Yan Feng,&nbsp;Walter M. Hannah,&nbsp;Ziming Ke,&nbsp;Yunpeng Shan,&nbsp;Vincent E. Larson,&nbsp;Xiaohong Liu,&nbsp;Michael J. Prather,&nbsp;Jadwiga H. Richter,&nbsp;Manish Shrivastava,&nbsp;Hui Wan,&nbsp;Guang J. Zhang,&nbsp;Kai Zhang,&nbsp;Andrew M. Bradley,&nbsp;Philip Cameron-Smith,&nbsp;Luis Damiano,&nbsp;Bert J. Debusschere,&nbsp;Aaron S. Donahue,&nbsp;Richard C. Easter,&nbsp;Michael S. Eldred,&nbsp;Brian M. Griffin,&nbsp;Oksana Guba,&nbsp;Zhun Guo,&nbsp;Xianglei Huang,&nbsp;Jiwoo Lee,&nbsp;Hsiang-He Lee,&nbsp;Sijia Lou,&nbsp;Naser Mahfouz,&nbsp;Mitchell Moncrieff,&nbsp;Johannes Mülmenstädt,&nbsp;Yun Qian,&nbsp;Quazi Z. Rasool,&nbsp;Andrew F. Roberts,&nbsp;Sean Patrick Santos,&nbsp;Khachik Sargsyan,&nbsp;Jacob Shpund,&nbsp;Balwinder Singh,&nbsp;Cheng Tao,&nbsp;Jinbo Xie,&nbsp;Yang Yang,&nbsp;Xubin Zeng,&nbsp;Chengzhu Zhang,&nbsp;Meng Zhang,&nbsp;Shixuan Zhang,&nbsp;Tao Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Zheng,&nbsp;Robert L. Jacob,&nbsp;L. Ruby Leung,&nbsp;Renata B. McCoy,&nbsp;David C. Bader","doi":"10.1029/2025MS005120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005120","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper describes the atmospheric component of the US Department of Energy's Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) version 3. Significant updates have been made to the atmospheric physics compared to earlier versions. Specifically, interactive gas chemistry has been implemented, along with improved representations of aerosols and dust emissions. A new stratiform cloud microphysics scheme more physically treats ice processes and aerosol-cloud interactions. The deep convection parameterization has been largely improved with sophisticated microphysics for convective clouds, making model convection sensitive to large-scale dynamics, and incorporating the dynamical and physical effects of organized mesoscale convection. Improvements in aerosol wet removal processes and parameter re-tuning of key aerosol and cloud processes have improved model aerosol radiative forcing. The model's vertical resolution has increased from 72 to 80 layers with the extra eight layers added in the lower stratosphere to better simulate the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation. These improvements have enhanced E3SM's capability to couple aerosol, chemistry, and biogeochemistry and reduced some long-standing biases in simulating tropical variability. Compared to its predecessors, the model shows a much stronger signal for the Madden-Julian Oscillation, Kelvin waves, mixed Rossby-gravity waves, and eastward inertia-gravity waves. Aerosol radiative forcing has been considerably reduced and is now better aligned with community best estimates, leading to significantly improved skill in simulating historical temperature records. Its simulated mean-state climate is largely comparable to E3SMv2, but with some notable degradation in shortwave cloud radiative effect, precipitable water, and surface wind stress, which will be addressed in future updates.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025MS005120","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of climate change on droughts and their propagation in an alpine-semiarid basin in Granada, Spain. Does the snow component help to anticipate adaptation strategies?","authors":"Juan-de-Dios Gómez-Gómez ,&nbsp;Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara ,&nbsp;David Pulido-Velazquez ,&nbsp;Leticia Baena-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Patricia Jimeno-Sáez ,&nbsp;Javier Senent-Aparicio ,&nbsp;Fernando Delgado-Ramos ,&nbsp;Francisco Rueda-Valdivia","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102834","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102834","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>Alto Genil Basin, Granada, Spain</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study assesses past and projected climate change impacts on meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and operational droughts in the Alto Genil Basin—an alpine Mediterranean region in southern Spain. A key focus is the role of snow in early adaptation, underscoring alpine vulnerability to global warming. The methodology involves: (1) generating future climate scenarios (2071–2100) to project temperature and precipitation; (2) applying a model chain including a rainfall-runoff model (Témez), a snowmelt model, CROPWAT for agricultural demand, and Aquatool for the Demand Satisfaction Index; and (3) evaluating droughts using the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) approach, applied respectively to precipitation, soil moisture, streamflow, and the Demand Satisfaction Index to assess meteorological, agricultural, hydrological, and operational droughts. Cluster analysis identified homogeneous hydroclimatic areas to explore drought propagation.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Results show a 27 % decrease in precipitation and a 6.6°C temperature rise. Agricultural water demand may increase by 23 %, intensifying pressure on resources. Droughts are expected to become more frequent, severe, and prolonged, especially in snow-reliant subbasins. The weakening link between meteorological and operational droughts suggests more erratic system responses. Reduced snowpack and a shift from snowfall to rainfall are likely to disrupt seasonal water availability, compromising the basin’s regulatory function. These findings highlight the urgent need for adaptive strategies in snow-dependent Mediterranean alpine basins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102834"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of subduction zone asperities and their seismogenic mechanisms using self-organizing map clustering","authors":"Zhenyu Wang,&nbsp;Qian Zhao,&nbsp;Wuxing Wang,&nbsp;Zhengyang Pan,&nbsp;Kun Yan,&nbsp;Zhigang Shao","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119672","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119672","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The rupture sources of strong earthquakes in subduction zones are generally asperities with spatio-temporal distribution. These asperities, which are patches featured by high stress and strong coupling in the late stage of seismogenic processes, can be identified by methods of multiple disciplines. It is important to comprehensively and uniquely identify asperities from different disciplines. Here we use the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) clustering method, integrating geodetic and seismological products, taking the 2011 <em>M</em>_W 9.1 Tohoku-Oki Earthquake as a case, to recognize the hazard sources and to investigate the seismogenic mechanism in subduction zones. The results show that the identified asperities coincide well with the main rupture zones. By subdividing 10 years before the mainshock into overlapping windows, we find that <em>b</em> value, which undergoes rapid changes after long-term stabilization, is an ideal indicator of asperity’s geometry. A comparative study with the 2014 <em>M</em>_W 8.1 Iquique earthquake indicates that the size of the asperity is mainly influenced by the megathrust curvature. We propose a model to explain the seismogenic behaviours of subduction zones, in which patches can transform between a stick-slip state and a conditionally stable frictional state. This study opens the possibility of identifying asperities and seismogenic mechanisms in subduction zones.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11481,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","volume":"671 ","pages":"Article 119672"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145263238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Eddies in Primary Production in the California Current System","authors":"Dou Li,&nbsp;Xiaozhou Ruan,&nbsp;Anh Le-Duy Pham,&nbsp;Pierre Damien,&nbsp;Daniele Bianchi","doi":"10.1029/2025GL118614","DOIUrl":"10.1029/2025GL118614","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mesoscale-induced processes such as eddies, fronts, and filaments are believed to play a key role in regulating nutrient transport and primary production in the California Current System (CCS), though their precise influence remains debated. Using satellite and model results, we show a weak negative correlation between surface eddy kinetic energy (EKE) and chlorophyll concentration nearshore, and a significant positive correlation offshore. EKE-based composite analysis of phytoplankton carbon and nitrate <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mfenced>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </mfenced>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $left(mathrm{N}{mathrm{O}}_{mathrm{3}}right)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> budgets highlights the spatial variability of eddy impacts. In the nearshore band (0–100 km), eddy-induced horizontal advection reduces <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathrm{N}{mathrm{O}}_{mathrm{3}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and biological production. In the 100–300 km band, eddy-induced horizontal advection and vertical mixing increase <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>N</mi>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 <mn>3</mn>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $mathrm{N}{mathrm{O}}_{mathrm{3}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> in the surface mixed layer, boosting local productivity. Beyond 300 km, horizontal eddy advection directly exports phytoplankton offshore, increasing its local concentrations. These results clarify how mesoscale processes modulate primary production across different regions of the CCS and offer critical insight into potential ecosystem responses to future climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL118614","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145260997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outbreak of Gigantic Jets Over an Isolated Thunderstorm in South China","authors":"Yiwei Zhao,&nbsp;Gaopeng Lu,&nbsp;Hailiang Huang,&nbsp;Jixin Wang,&nbsp;Feifan Liu,&nbsp;Zhengwei Cheng,&nbsp;Renjun Zhou,&nbsp;Yazhou Chen,&nbsp;Baoyou Zhu,&nbsp;Hui Li,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2025EA004615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025EA004615","url":null,"abstract":"<p>On the evening of 18 August 2022, a sequence of five gigantic jets (GJs) were recorded within 7 min over an isolated coastal thunderstorm approximately 170 km to the southwest of Luoding County, Guangdong Province of China. The thunderstorm exhibited a higher −10°C isotherm altitude (500 m above average), a significant CAPE value (∼2,158 J/kg), and a combination of weak low-level wind shear (&lt;3 m/s) and strong upper-level shear (∼14.5 m/s), composing favorable conditions for the GJ outbreak. GJs occurred during the developing-to-mature stage of the thunderstorm, characterized by the emergence of overshooting tops and cloud-top brightness temperatures below −70°C. Lightning activity was dominated by intracloud (IC) flashes, with IC frequency peaking at 47 events per 5-min interval around 20:10 UTC. High peak-current (&gt;−30 kA) negative cloud-to-ground (−CG) flashes, which were active prior to 19:50 UTC, disappeared approximately 10–15 min before the GJ outbreak began. Additionally, all five GJs were likely preceded by narrow bipolar events, which are typically regarded as the onset signatures of GJ parent lightning, consistent with previous observations.</p>","PeriodicalId":54286,"journal":{"name":"Earth and Space Science","volume":"12 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025EA004615","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Data-driven insights into flood disasters: Evaluating the impact on residents' emotions and living spaces in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region","authors":"Hanyu Yin ,&nbsp;Cong Huang ,&nbsp;Wenfang Tan ,&nbsp;Rui Xiao","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103803","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103803","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frequent urban floods pose growing threats to residents' daily lives, highlighting the need to better understand their impacts on human well-being and everyday living environments. Previous studies have primarily focused on identifying flood-affected areas and analyzing residents' emotional responses. However, they often overlook how disaster severity relates to emotional reactions and the varied flood responses of different living spaces—leaving the differentiated impacts on residents' daily lives insufficiently understood. To address this gap, the study uses nighttime light data to quantify flood severity and relates it to residents’ emotional responses captured from Weibo posts. It further evaluates the flood performance of different living spaces—identified via POI and street view images—revealing spatial heterogeneity across urban areas. The results show that residents in severely affected areas exhibited more negative emotions, and this tendency became even stronger during the later stages of the disaster. Differences in infrastructure and mobility demands are linked to quicker recovery in residential and industrial zones, while commercial and tourist areas recover more slowly. Urban villages are heavily impacted, and those with poorer building quality in suburban areas exhibit lower flood resilience. Overall, this study integrates multi-source data to analyze how flood severity relates to residents' emotional responses and the varying resilience of different living spaces, offering deeper insight into the impacts of urban flooding on residents' daily lives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"185 ","pages":"Article 103803"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conflict network of farming communities with the multi-stakeholders of a water basin: Insights from the ZayandehRud Basin in Iran","authors":"Ladan Naderi ,&nbsp;Esmail Karamidehkordi ,&nbsp;Mehrdad Moghadas","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The Zayandehrud Basin, Iran.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>Water conflict refers to disputes among diverse stakeholders who govern or depend on common water resources. This research examines the conflict network of farming communities with other stakeholders through a case study or stakeholder analysis using semi-structured interviews with 26 water experts and 25 key informant farmers and a survey by interviewing 301 randomly selected farmers in the basin.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Farmers have faced increased vulnerability, conflicts and water scarcity, exacerbated by the escalating demand for water from municipalities and industries. The Social Network Analysis (SNA) reveals that this complex conflict exists within and across upstream and downstream sub-basins (conflict density between 0.767 and 0.221). The most pronounced conflicts arise with national governmental stakeholders, inter-basin water transfer companies, and large industries (conflict closeness=1.000). Farmers perceive these stakeholders as diminishing their water allocation through policies or heightened water demand. Strong or moderate conflicts occur across the upstream and downstream areas, primarily with the government, municipal bodies, and the farmers of other sub-basins. In addition to the inter-sectoral disputes of agriculture with municipalities and industries, farmers within each specific area tend to hold stakeholders of other areas accountable for water scarcity. These conflicts can hinder integrated water governance by involving multi-stakeholders from different sub-basins. The intensified water conflicts can worsen water scarcity and social conflicts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102837"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning revealed monthly change characteristics of lakes on the Tibet Plateau over the past two decades","authors":"Juan Wu ,&nbsp;Chang-Qing Ke ,&nbsp;Yu Cai ,&nbsp;Hai-Yong Wei ,&nbsp;Jin-Peng Tang ,&nbsp;He-Ping Xiao ,&nbsp;Zhe Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102839","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102839","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Study region</h3><div>The Tibetan Plateau (TP) hosts the highest concentration of plateau lakes on Earth, which are undergoing significant climate-induced changes. However, the lack of high-temporal-resolution data has posed challenges for capturing these dynamics at the monthly scale.</div></div><div><h3>Study focus</h3><div>This study integrates optical imagery from the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and altimetry data from 11 satellite missions, combined with four machine learning models, to investigate the monthly change characteristics of 253 lakes on the TP from 2000 to 2022.</div></div><div><h3>New hydrological insights for the region</h3><div>Lake area, level, and volume have expanded, risen, and increased, respectively, during the study period. Lake volume increased by 5.62 % per year, with the growth mainly concentrated in the Inner Plateau and in lakes larger than 100 km². A decreasing trend in lake volume was observed in the Brahmaputra, Ganges, and Yangtze basins. Monthly lake area, level and volume changes mainly peaked in August, September and October. The lake water volume in the Indus, Ganges, and Amu Darya basins peaks earlier. The monthly peak water volume of lakes larger than 50 km² shows a delayed trend, while lakes smaller than 50 km² show an earlier peak trend. Lake volume changes were closely linked to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), while regional precipitation and runoff were likely the primary drivers of monthly variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48620,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydrology-Regional Studies","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 102839"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eigenvector decomposition for joint analysis of spatial characteristics in the North Atlantic from 1979 to 2024","authors":"Andrey K. Gorshenin ,&nbsp;Anastasiia A. Osipova ,&nbsp;Konstantin P. Belyaev","doi":"10.1016/j.cageo.2025.106062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cageo.2025.106062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extension of the use of Itô stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for joint analysis of spatio-temporal characteristics in the North Atlantic region, such as sea surface temperature (SST), the sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes, and surface atmospheric pressure for the period between 1979 and 2024 is introduced. Previously, this model was used only for the fluxes. The joint point estimates for the random coefficients of SDEs as multidimensional matrices (the drift vector and the diffusion matrix) are obtained for the entire considered period. The numerical estimations of these values were carried out using high-performance computing equipment with software implementation in Python language using the reanalysis data from the ERA5 database. Developed methods and tools are used for the statistical analysis of the temporal evolution of the coefficients of the Itô equation, analysis of joint and marginal diffusion matrices, their finite-dimensional Karhunen–Loéve’s decomposition into eigenvalues and eigenvectors, determination of their interrelations, temporal trends, as well as dynamic visualization on geographical maps of the region under study. The spatial structure of the eigenvectors of the diffusion matrix, their time evolution and the relationship to jet streams and large-scale heat waves that determine latitudinal heat transfer in the North Atlantic are shown. It is also demonstrated that there is a positive trend in the interannual variability in drift and diffusion coefficients. This indicates a quantitative and qualitative increase in the air–sea interaction and the relationship between heat fluxes and ocean surface temperature. It also makes it possible to quantify the energy exchange between the ocean and atmosphere on an interannual scale. The way of using quantities from a stochastic model to improve the neural network forecasts is also discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":55221,"journal":{"name":"Computers & Geosciences","volume":"207 ","pages":"Article 106062"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145269659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anticyclonic Component of Eddy Dipoles Traps Sea Ice Within the Marginal Ice Zone","authors":"Yongqing Cai,&nbsp;Ruibo Lei,&nbsp;Dake Chen,&nbsp;Marcel du Plessis,&nbsp;Chengyan Liu,&nbsp;Xianxian Han,&nbsp;Lichuan Wu","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022426","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ) is characterized by narrow fronts, filaments, and eddies that strongly shape sea ice distribution and its temporal evolution. Yet the interaction between sea ice and ocean eddies in this region remains poorly understood. Through idealized numerical simulations, we explore these interactions and find that sea ice tends to accumulate within the anticyclonic component of eddy pairs as frontal instabilities develop, particularly at low ice concentrations. This accumulation occurs at the outer edges of fronts, where light surface waters from the fresher side overlie denser waters across the fronts, creating convergence through frontogenesis that concentrates the ice. Additionally, freshwater released by melting sea ice modifies the surface density structure of eddies, influencing sea ice accumulation in a feedback loop. These findings highlight the important role of eddies in shaping ice–ocean interactions in the MIZ and offer new insights into processes governing sea ice dynamics in this climatically sensitive region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145272024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}