地球科学最新文献

{"title":"A deep dive into climate connectivity","authors":"Anthony J. Richardson, Kristine Camille V. Buenafe","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02253-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02253-w","url":null,"abstract":"Species are shifting their distributions in response to climate change, which on land depends on routes connecting intact habitat patches. Now, an analysis exploring the interaction between climate-driven shifts and human activities across ocean depths reveals threats for deep-sea biodiversity.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143538532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Warming Alters Nutrient Cycling and its Constraint on CO2 Fertilization in Global Forests","authors":"Enzai Du, Wim de Vries, Alessio Collalti, Alessandra De Marco","doi":"10.1007/s40641-025-00201-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-025-00201-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Climate warming affects both nutrient availability and plant nutrient requirements, with a potential alteration of nutrient limitation to the CO₂ fertilization effect on net primary productivity (NPP) and carbon (C) sinks, but the overall impact remains poorly understood. Based on a literature review, we synthesized the current understanding of climate warming-induced changes in (i) availability, (ii) demands, and (iii) limitation of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in global forest biomes as well as (iv) how climate warming alters nutrient constraints on CO₂ fertilization.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Climate warming generally increases nutrient availability via accelerating nutrient cycling but this effect largely varies between different forest biomes, resulting in a considerable increase in N availability in temperate and boreal forests but a weak P availability increase in tropical forests due to a depleted soil P pool. Climate warming likely causes an increase of NPP and nutrient demands in thermal-limited boreal and temperate forests, but it can result in a reduction of growth and nutrient demand in forests with an exceedance of optimal growth temperatures (e.g. some of tropical forests) and/or warming-induced moisture deficiency. Overall, climate warming tends to alleviate N limitation in boreal and temperate forests to support NPP in response to rising CO₂ concentrations. In contrast, climate warming combined with CO₂ fertilization will likely strengthen P limitation in tropical forests.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Warming-induced changes in nutrient limitation can lead to biome-specific responses of NPP to rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations. Our review highlights the role of climate warming-induced changes in nutrient availability, demand, and limitation in constraining biogeochemical feedback to future CO₂ enrichment.</p>","PeriodicalId":54235,"journal":{"name":"Current climate change reports","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":9.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Phase Evolution and Composition Variations of Volcanic Activities on the Lunar Farside Revealed by Chang'e-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar","authors":"Huaqing Cao,&nbsp;Jing Li,&nbsp;Yi Xu,&nbsp;Chang Zhang","doi":"10.1029/2024JE008740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JE008740","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Volcanism is the primary endogenic geological process on the Moon, with mare basalts being the critical indicators of such activity. The abundance of titanium in these mare basalts reflects different lunar mantle sources, magma origins, and thermal evolution processes. The Chang'e-4 mission, which landed in the Von Kármán crater within the South Pole-Aitken Basin on the farside of the Moon, employed a lunar penetrating radar with a low-frequency channel to reveal the subsurface structures and abundance of FeO and TiO₂ of these structures down to approximately 300 m. The dielectric properties and iron-titanium content are crucial for interpreting basalt units. This study utilizes radar wave-impedance inversion to derive the permittivity from the low-frequency lunar penetrating data collected during the first 62 lunar days. The frequency shift method was used to calculate the loss tangent and estimate the abundance of FeO and TiO₂ in the subsurface materials at the landing area. Based on permittivity, variations in abundance of FeO and TiO₂, and impact crater statistics near the landing site, we infer at least four distinct periods of magma with varying FeO and TiO₂ beneath the Chang'e-4 landing site, spanning from the Nectarian to the Eratosthenian periods. High titanium and medium titanium basalts were found in the Nectarian and Imbrian periods. This study reveals the evolutionary process of multi-phase volcanic eruptions on the farside of the Moon, indicating not only temporal but also compositional variations in volcanic activities, thereby highlighting the complexity of volcanic processes on the lunar farside.</p>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrostatic Solitary Waves in Earth's Magnetosheath: Properties, Nature, and Origin","authors":"Zubair I. Shaikh,&nbsp;Ivan Y. Vasko","doi":"10.1029/2025GL114677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL114677","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We present the analysis of 2,152 electrostatic solitary waves observed aboard the Magnetospheric Multiscale in the Earth's magnetosheath. The electric field of the solitary waves is predominantly bipolar and parallel to the local magnetic field. In contrast to previous reports, we reveal similar occurrence rates of solitary waves of positive and negative polarity of the electrostatic potential. Both types of solitary waves have spatial half-widths of 10–150 m or 1–15 Debye lengths, amplitudes of the electrostatic potential of 0.01–1.5 V or 0.01%–1% of local electron temperature, and plasma frame speeds within ion thermal speed. We argue that the solitary waves are electron and ion holes produced separately in space or time by local processes, whose nature is, however, still elusive. We speculate that the solitary waves can mediate the energy between thermal electrons and ions in the Earth's magnetosheath and discuss other applications of the presented results.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL114677","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Lowers Their Contemporaneous Correlation","authors":"Wen-Yue Xu,&nbsp;Jun-Chao Yang,&nbsp;Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Xiaopei Lin,&nbsp;Zhen Lv","doi":"10.1029/2024GL113753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113753","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Variability (AMV) substantially affect global climate system. Model studies suggested a fast interaction between the IPO and AMV through atmospheric teleconnections, but observations exhibit a weak IPO–AMV contemporaneous correlation. To address this paradox, we apply linear inverse model (LIM) in observations to decode the interaction. We reveal that a cancel effect of the interaction lowers the observed IPO–AMV contemporaneous correlation. When only retaining the one-way modulation (the IPO forces the AMV or the reversed one) in the observational LIM, their correlation peaks nearly simultaneously, consistent with the fast IPO–AMV interaction in model experiments. We further demonstrate that the fast interaction is associated with both tropical and extratropical processes. Our study reconciles the discrepancy between observations and models on the IPO–AMV interaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL113753","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143533603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Hydrogen's Climate Impact Is Affected by Model OH Biases","authors":"L. H. Yang,&nbsp;D. J. Jacob,&nbsp;H. Lin,&nbsp;R. Dang,&nbsp;K. H. Bates,&nbsp;J. D. East,&nbsp;K. R. Travis,&nbsp;D. C. Pendergrass,&nbsp;L. T. Murray","doi":"10.1029/2024GL112445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL112445","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrogen fuel can help decarbonize the economy, but hydrogen leakage has indirect climate consequences. Atmospheric oxidation of hydrogen by hydroxyl radicals (OH) increases methane, ozone, and stratospheric water vapor concentrations. Current global 3-D atmospheric chemistry models estimate a global warming potential for hydrogen of 12 ± 3 over a 100-year horizon (GWP-100), but the models overestimate global OH concentrations and underestimate OH reactivity (OHR). These OH biases cause overestimates of the responses of methane and ozone to hydrogen. Here, we compare the hydrogen GWP-100 calculated from the standard GEOS-Chem model and from a modified version where OH and OHR biases are corrected with missing organic emissions and a terminal OH sink over continents. The hydrogen GWP-100 from the standard GEOS-Chem model agrees with previous studies, but the modified version is 20% lower. Better understanding of the factors controlling global OH concentrations and OHR is needed to refine hydrogen GWP estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024GL112445","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear diatom responses to millennial-scale climate-mediated terrestrial-aquatic interactions in a treeline lake on the Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Kathleen M. Rühland ,&nbsp;John P. Smol ,&nbsp;Xiangdong Yang ,&nbsp;Enlou Zhang ,&nbsp;Rong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the complex, nonlinear responses of aquatic ecosystems to climate-driven terrestrial-aquatic interactions is crucial for identifying the mechanisms underlying ecosystem dynamics. This study investigates the diatom community changes over the past 20 kyr in Cuoqia Lake, a treeline lake on the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. By integrating fossil diatom assemblages with cladoceran, geochemical, and sedimentological proxies, we reveal how differential mechanisms influenced diatom responses from post-glacial lake formation to early Holocene treeline shifts. Our results indicate abrupt, phase-dependent shifts in diatom and cladoceran communities during major climatic transitions, particularly at the Late Glacial/Holocene boundary. These regime shifts were likely driven by cascading effects of glacial retreat, soil development and subsequent increases in organic matter inputs associated with climate warming and treeline migration. Notably, while diatoms responded quickly to initial climate warming, cladocerans exhibited a delayed response, reflecting its greater sensitivity to catchment vegetation stabilization. These findings highlight the attendant changes in climate, vegetation, and lake ecosystems on millennial time scales, illustrating the tight biogeochemical coupling between terrestrial succession and lake dynamics during glacial retreat and landscape colonization. This study offers critical insights into the mechanisms behind primary succession in alpine lake ecosystems and provides a valuable framework for understanding the ecological impacts of ongoing and future climate warming.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20926,"journal":{"name":"Quaternary Science Reviews","volume":"356 ","pages":"Article 109285"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143534550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-hospital mortality of heat-related disease associated with wet bulb globe temperature: a Japanese nationwide inpatient data analysis.","authors":"Kazuha Nakamura, Akira Okada, Hideaki Watanabe, Kazutaka Oka, Yasushi Honda, Hiroki Matsui, Kiyohide Fushimi, Hideo Yasunaga, Yoonhee Kim","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-02867-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-025-02867-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Heat-related diseases have become a significant public health concern. Studies have shown that susceptibility to heat varies among regions; however, most studies used aggregated data on emergency transport in the regions. The present study used a nationwide inpatient database in Japan and examined the association between regional differences in Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and in-hospital mortality in patients with a heat-related disease, with adjustment for individual-level characteristics. We retrospectively identified participants from the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination inpatient database during the five warmest months of the year (May 1 to September 30) from 2011 to 2019. We calculated the long-term average daily maximum WBGT for the prefectures and categorized the prefectures into three areas (low-, middle-, and high-WBGT). We conduced multivariable logistic regression analyses to compare in-hospital mortality between the WBGT areas, adjusting for individual-level covariates (including age, sex, body mass index, and comorbidities). A total of 82,250 patients were admitted for heat-related diseases. The mean age was 63.2 (standard deviation, 25.0) years, and 63.7% were male. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, the low-WBGT area had a higher in-hospital mortality than that had by the high-WBGT area (odds ratio, 1.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.15-1.52), whereas no significant difference was observed between the middle- and high-WBGT areas (odds ratio, 1.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.89-1.12). After adjusting for individual-level risk factors, in-hospital death was more likely to occur in patients with heat-related diseases in lower WBGT areas compared with those in higher WBGT areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143539932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology Rather Than Surface Tension Determines CCN Activity of Submicron Inorganic Salt/Organic Oxidized Sulfur Mixed Particles","authors":"Chun Xiong,&nbsp;Binyu Kuang,&nbsp;Xueyan Chen,&nbsp;Xiaolei Ding,&nbsp;Huichao Liu,&nbsp;Xiangyu Pei,&nbsp;Zhengning Xu,&nbsp;Fei Zhang,&nbsp;Shikuan Yang,&nbsp;Huan Hu,&nbsp;Zhibin Wang","doi":"10.1029/2024JD041920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD041920","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Organic oxidized sulfur (OOS) compounds, particularly surface-active ones like organosulfates and organosulfonates, constitute a significant atmospheric sulfur reservoir and play a crucial role in cloud formation. Due to limited measurements, the physical characteristics of OOS aerosols under high relative humidity (RH) and subsequent cloud activation potential remain unclear. In this study, we measured phase state, surface tension and morphology of mixtures containing inorganic salts (sodium chloride (NaCl) and ammonium salfate (AS)) and OOS under high RH (&gt;99.5%), and investigated their cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity. We found that the <i>κ</i>_CCN of the studied OOS ranged from 0.15 to 0.37, showing a negative relationship with molar volume. <i>κ</i>_CCN and chemistry-derived <i>κ</i>_Chem agreed well for mixtures containing OOS with short carbon chain length (≤4), which could be explained by the ideal solution because of the liquid phase and slight surface tension reduction compared to that of water. However, <i>κ</i>_Chem overpredicted <i>κ</i>_CCN by 35% and 17% on average for NaCl–OOS and AS–OOS with long carbon chain length (seven and eight), respectively, which was the opposite of results from inorganic–dicarboxylic acid mixtures we previously reported. Although surface tension notably decreased by 25%–44%, inorganic–OOS mixtures exhibited core-shell morphology and the OOS shell suppressed water uptake, whereas inorganic–dicarboxylic acid particles exhibited homogeneous state thus not inhibiting water uptake. Based on the results, we emphasize the pivotal role of surfactant in determining aerosol morphology and thereby CCN activations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioarchaeological insights into Late Eneolithic violence: Analysing a grave from the Sadowie cemetery, Poland","authors":"Wojciech Pasterkiewicz ,&nbsp;Anita Szczepanek ,&nbsp;Zdzislaw Belka ,&nbsp;Jolanta Dopieralska ,&nbsp;Anna Juras ,&nbsp;Maciej Chyleński ,&nbsp;Danuta Piniewska-Róg ,&nbsp;Artur Moskała ,&nbsp;Janusz Skrzat ,&nbsp;Paweł Jarosz","doi":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jas.2025.106185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines a grave of the Złota culture from the Late Eneolithic period (the first half of the 3rd millennium BC), discovered at a cemetery in Sadowie, southeastern Poland. The deliberately constructed grave chamber contained the remains of six individuals of varying sex and age: five males and one female. Evidence of fatal injuries was observed on the skulls of three individuals, while flint arrowheads were embedded in the postcranial skeletons of two others. Interdisciplinary studies were conducted to investigate the biological characteristics of the buried individuals and the circumstances surrounding their deaths. Genetic analyses indicated kinship ties between some of the individuals. Strontium isotope analyses revealed that most of the individuals were local to the Sadowie area, with the exception of one female who was identified as non-local. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in bone collagen revealed that the individuals had similar diets, predominantly based on C3 plants, with notable contributions from animal protein, likely derived from herbivorous meat and/or dairy products. The studied burial provides further evidence of prehistoric violence among Late Eneolithic communities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":50254,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 106185"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}