地球科学最新文献

{"title":"Submarine Volcanic Eruptions and Their Impacts on Hydrothermal Systems and Biological Communities","authors":"Rebecca J. Carey, David A. Butterfield, Malcolm R. Clark","doi":"10.1146/annurev-earth-040522-095654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-040522-095654","url":null,"abstract":"More than 70% of Earth's magmatic output occurs in the ocean. This volcanism shapes major features of the seafloor, directly impacts the chemical composition of the oceans through water/rock interactions, and drives hydrothermal circulation of seawater. The formation of seafloor mineral deposits and chemosynthetic habitats that encircle the globe along mid-ocean ridges, volcanic arcs, and hotspots is driven by volcanism. The style, magnitude, depth, and frequency of seafloor eruptions create a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological impacts on the seafloor. Research and exploration over the past 30 years have revealed some of the diversity of seafloor eruptions and their impact on the undersea environment. <jats:list list-type=\"bullet\"> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Submarine eruptions are simultaneously the most common and the least observed form of volcanism on Earth. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Hydrostatic pressure at the vent depth modulates explosive versus effusive eruption and the form of eruptive behavior. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Submarine eruptions have significant impacts on marine biological communities and chemical fluxes to the ocean. </jats:list-item> <jats:list-item> <jats:label>▪</jats:label> Resilience of fauna to eruption events is also variable, and recovery dynamics can be slow with many years or decades required for communities to reform. </jats:list-item> </jats:list>","PeriodicalId":8034,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144184173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise of hazard gentrification","authors":"Justin Stoler ,&nbsp;Mary Angelica Painter ,&nbsp;Ethan Sharygin ,&nbsp;Sameer H. Shah","doi":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This report conceptualizes <em>hazard gentrification</em>, a distinct form of gentrification that occurs when a natural hazard destroys a significant proportion of a community, and its inhabitants become displaced by wealthier residents. We differentiate this phenomenon of disaster capitalism from other forms of climate, environmental, green, and resilience gentrification; summarize its structural drivers; and review trade-offs for municipalities, environmental sustainability, and housing equity. We conclude with implications for municipal governments, who increasingly face post-disaster decision-making during the rebuilding process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":13915,"journal":{"name":"International journal of disaster risk reduction","volume":"126 ","pages":"Article 105618"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144190219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Cross-Scale Snow Cover Simulations by Developing a Scale-Aware Ground Snow Cover Fraction Parameterization in the Noah-MP Land Surface Model","authors":"Ronnie Abolafia-Rosenzweig,&nbsp;Cenlin He,&nbsp;Tzu-Shun Lin,&nbsp;Michael Barlage,&nbsp;Karl Rittger","doi":"10.1029/2024MS004704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024MS004704","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Snow cover fraction (SCF) accuracy in land surface models (LSMs) impacts the accuracy of surface albedo and land-atmosphere interactions. However, SCF is a large source of uncertainty, partially because of the scale-dependent nature of snow depletion curves that is not parameterized by LSMs. Using the spatially and temporally complete observationally-informed STC-MODSCAG and Snow Data Assimilation System data sets, we develop a new scale-aware ground SCF parameterization and implement it into the Noah-MP LSM. The new scale-aware parameterization significantly reduces ground SCF errors and the scale-dependence of errors in the western U.S (WUS) compared with the baseline ground SCF formulation. Specifically, the baseline formulation overestimates ground SCF by 4%, 6%, 9%, and 12% at 1-km, 3-km, 13-km, and 25-km resolutions in the WUS, respectively, whereas biases from the enhanced scale-aware scheme are reduced to 0%–2% in box model simulations and do not exhibit a relationship with spatial scales. Noah-MP simulations using the scale-aware parameterization have smaller mean (peak) ground SCF biases than the baseline simulation by 1%–2% (3%–5%), with spatiotemporal variability depending on land cover, topography, and snow depth. Noah-MP simulations using the enhanced scale-aware parameterization remove the baseline WUS surface albedo overestimates of 0.01–0.03 in the 1-km to 25-km resolution simulations, relative to Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer retrievals. The Noah-MP ground SCF and surface albedo improvements due to the scale-aware parameterization are found across most land cover classifications and elevations, indicating the enhanced ground SCF scheme can improve simulated snowpack and surface energy budget accuracy across a variety of WUS landscapes.</p>","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024MS004704","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groundwater Quality and Appropriateness for Drinking and Agriculture Purposes Using Water Quality Indices and Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Kombolcha City, Ethiopia","authors":"Nurye Mohammed,&nbsp;Kidest Tadesse,&nbsp;Tamru Tesseme Aragaw,&nbsp;Shankar Karuppannan","doi":"10.1155/gfl/9180955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/gfl/9180955","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The study used an integrated method of water quality indices (WQIs) and multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater samples and their appropriateness for drinking and agricultural applications in Kombolcha City. The hydrogeochemical parameters from 17 water samples were examined using standard methods. The WQI, irrigation indices, and geographical information systems (GISs) were used to determine groundwater suitability for various purposes and the spatial distribution of major ions. The study also utilized multivariate statistical methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA), to evaluate complex groundwater quality datasets. The results revealed that all hydrogeochemical characteristics were in line with Ethiopian drinking water standards and WHO drinking water guidelines. The WQI indicates that 94% of the samples are in excellent condition, whereas about 6% are in acceptable drinking water conditions in the study area’s southern and central regions with considerable agricultural and industrial activities. The Ca²⁺-HCO₃⁻ facies comprise about 53% of the shallow aquifer, and the remaining samples are found in the Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-Cl⁻ and Ca²⁺-Na⁺-HCO₃⁻–type facies. SAR, Na%, PI, and MAR indicators showed that most water samples are very good to moderately suitable for agricultural use. CA uses dendrogram plots to group groundwater characteristics and sample locations into three groups based on common groundwater features. The study concluded that the combination of WQI, multivariate statistical, and GIS is a viable approach for prioritizing groundwater mitigation and monitoring efforts in Ethiopia’s semiarid regions of the Awash River basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12512,"journal":{"name":"Geofluids","volume":"2025 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1155/gfl/9180955","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stream sediment and soil geochemistry of the largest volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit in Türkiye, Karaburun deposit (Central Pontides)","authors":"Buğra Çavdar ,&nbsp;Kurtuluş Günay ,&nbsp;Halim Mutlu","doi":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107816","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gexplo.2025.107816","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The recently discovered and potentially economic Karaburun deposit stands out as the largest VMS deposit in Türkiye, with a geological resource of ~125 Mt. at 1.16 wt% Cu, 0.25 wt% Zn, and 0.05 wt% Co. The pelitic-mafic type mineralization occurs within the low-grade greenschist facies metamorphic rocks in the Central Pontides Orogenic Belt. It is associated with volcaniclastic, clastic detrital sedimentary, and deep marine sedimentary rocks and cross-cutting submarine mafic dikes and/or sills. This study reports the statistical evaluation of stream sediment and soil geochemistry surveys, providing a well-documented example of preliminary surficial geochemical studies prior to the discovery of the Karaburun mineralization. Statistical analysis of 166 stream sediment samples shows that copper is the most reliable indicator of potential mineralization. Soil sampling was subsequently conducted in the source area of Cu anomalies, and a total of 2306 samples were collected. Both the median-median absolute deviation and the concentration-number (C<img>N) fractal methods yielded reliable results in determining spatial distributions; however, the fractal method provided more robust threshold values. The positive moderate to strong correlations between As–Pb–Zn and Cu–Zn–Bi indicate that these elements can be used to determine potential areas exhibiting anomalies. The distribution of selected elements in the “B” soil horizon is mostly consistent with the gossan formation. Anomalies in Cu, Zn and Co as the best indicator and pathfinder elements suggest weathering processes through pre-existent outcropping mineralized zones. The weathering, oxidation, and possibly erosion in the upper section of pre-existing Pb-enriched mineralization may have caused some Pb enrichments and local anomalies. Bismuth has been highlighted for the first time in soil geochemistry studies in the Central Pontides and could serve as a pathfinder element. However, structural features largely control the spatial distribution of elements and gossan zones; therefore, physical dispersion should also be considered alongside geochemical patterns. Factor analysis was applied to samples from Cu- and Zn-dominant zones identified through anomaly maps. The extracted factors collectively indicate associations with immobile elements during weathering processes, mineralization content, mafic volcanic or volcaniclastic rocks, and absorption onto Fe-oxides or newly formed compounds. Finally, we applied the robust weathering index, which indicates temperate climatic conditions during the weathering processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":16336,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geochemical Exploration","volume":"277 ","pages":"Article 107816"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144189968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Short Life of Upvalley Wind in a High-Altitude Valley in the Colorado Rocky Mountains","authors":"Bianca Adler,&nbsp;Vanessa Caicedo,&nbsp;Brian J. Butterworth,&nbsp;Laura Bianco,&nbsp;Christopher J. Cox,&nbsp;Gijs de Boer,&nbsp;Ethan Gutman,&nbsp;Janet M. Intrieri,&nbsp;Tilden Meyers,&nbsp;Joseph Sedlar,&nbsp;David D. Turner,&nbsp;James Wilczak","doi":"10.1029/2025JD043455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JD043455","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermally driven upvalley (UV) wind in the upper East River Valley in the Colorado Rocky Mountains often unexpectedly stops in midmorning and reverses back to downvalley (DV) wind. We use a comprehensive observational data set for a nearly two-year long period to analyze the wind system and boundary layer evolution in this high-altitude valley and determine the reason for this early wind reversal. Days with short UV wind predominantly occur during the warm season when the valley floor is free of snow and the convective boundary layer (CBL) grows well above the height of the surrounding ridges. UV wind persists throughout the day only on a few days during the warm season. We link differences in valley wind evolution to wind direction at upper levels at and above ridge height and propose forced channeling mechanisms to describe coupling between valley and upper-level wind when the CBL grows above ridge height. The frequency distribution of upper-level wind direction is such that channeling in the DV direction is favored, which explains the predominance of days with short UV wind. The deep CBL is supported by the presence of a deep weakly stably stratified residual layer with high aerosol content, which is regularly present over the mountain range during the warm season. On days when the CBL does not grow above ridge height, for example, when the valley floor is covered by snow, thermally driven UV wind is able to persist throughout the day independent of upper-level wind direction.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JD043455","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrence and Coupling of EMIC and EFH Instabilities in the Hot Electron Plasma","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang,&nbsp;Jiacheng Zhong,&nbsp;Erkang Zhang,&nbsp;Yufei Li","doi":"10.1029/2024JA033702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JA033702","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Kinetic instabilities play an important role in the dynamics of the magnetospheric system. Generally, electrons are deemed to be unrelated to the generation of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves. In this work, a parameter study is performed on the EMIC instability affected by parallel anisotropic electrons (&lt;i&gt;A&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 1) in the inner magnetosphere. The wave dispersion relation and wave growth rate are calculated by a numerical method (named PDRK/BO). The plasma instabilities are analyzed and compared by using different combination of parameters (electron temperature, anisotropy and proportion). With the increase of hot electron proportion (&lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;), waves are found to grow successively at &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0.5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $omega &gt; 0.5{{Omega }}_{H}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $omega &gt; {{Omega }}_{H}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;. The minimum electron energies for cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves indicate that the unusual hydrogen band waves at &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;&gt;&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0.5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $omega &gt; 0.5{{Omega }}_{H}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; are relevant to the electron resonance mechanism. This is different from the normal hydrogen band waves at &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;&lt;&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;0.5&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;Ω&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;H&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt; $omega &lt; 0.5{{Omega }}_{H}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;, which are the ion resonance mode in nature. The electron firehose (EFH) modes are excited by the parallel anisotropic electrons. Due to the wave couplings between EMIC and EFH modes, the dispersion relations of EMIC waves are changed significantly, and the frequencies at peak growth rates of EMIC waves are moved regularly with the increase of &lt;i&gt;N&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;e&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/i&gt;. Our studies suggest that the energy transfer between electrons and ions h","PeriodicalId":15894,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics","volume":"130 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171919","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field-Aligned Proton Beams Upstream of the Martian Bow Shock: First Observations","authors":"K. Meziane,&nbsp;C. X. Mazelle,&nbsp;C. Simon-Wedlund,&nbsp;J. S. Halekas,&nbsp;A. M. Hamza,&nbsp;C. Bertucci,&nbsp;D. L. Mitchell,&nbsp;J. R. Espley","doi":"10.1029/2025GL115483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL115483","url":null,"abstract":"<p>We report fast sunward-propagating energetic proton field-aligned beams (FABs) observed about one Mars radius upstream of the Martian bow shock, recorded by the Solar Wind Ion Analyzer instrument on the MAVEN spacecraft. The velocity distributions show that all the beams have a bulk parallel speed <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>v</mi>\u0000 <mi>B</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>1.35</mn>\u0000 <mo>±</mo>\u0000 <mn>0.21</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${v}_{B}=(1.35pm 0.21){V}_{S}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>, exceeding the shock speed <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>V</mi>\u0000 <mi>S</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${V}_{S}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. Several FABs are observed in the field-aligned region, linked to the quasi-parallel shock. The nearly synchronous variations of shock <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>θ</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>B</mi>\u0000 <mi>n</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${theta }_{Bn}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> values and beam speeds rule out specular reflection, suggesting a non-specular reflection mechanism. However, the slower Martian foreshock beam speeds remain unexplained compared to their terrestrial counterparts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12523,"journal":{"name":"Geophysical Research Letters","volume":"52 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GL115483","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sediment Depositional History and Processes for the Eurasian Basin Since 54 Ma, Arctic Ocean","authors":"Pingchuan Tan,&nbsp;Chunyang Wang,&nbsp;Fei Wang,&nbsp;Jiabiao Li","doi":"10.1029/2025GC012201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GC012201","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Eurasian Basin in the Arctic Ocean, comprising the Amundsen and Nansen Basins separated by the Gakkel Ridge, has sediment deposits up to 4–5 km thick. However, its sedimentation history and processes remain poorly understood. Using 31 seismic profiles, we have estimated deposition rates for 54 Ma. From 54 to 45 Ma, the Nansen Basin averaged ∼15 cm/kyr, while the Amundsen Basin exhibited higher but variable rates (15–50 cm/kyr). From 45 to 20 Ma, the Amundsen Basin's rates decreased significantly, dropping to 6–7 cm/kyr (34–45 Ma) and ∼3.5 cm/kyr (20–34 Ma). Meanwhile, the Nansen Basin maintained higher rates (∼12 cm/kyr to ∼5 cm/kyr). After 20 Ma, sedimentation rates diverged further. The Nansen Basin stabilized at ∼5 cm/kyr and was significantly influenced by glaciation and iceberg rafting, while the Amundsen Basin continued to decline to ∼2 cm/kyr, with pelagic sediments dominated by sea-ice and iceberg rafting, and debris flows near the Lomonosov Ridge. The Nansen Basin's higher rates are likely due to its proximity to the Barents and Laptev Sea shelves, while the general declined rates across the basin are related to basin expansion, climate cooling, and reduced tectonic activity. Additionally, the Eurasian Basin's sedimentation is shaped by two phases of Siberian river activity. Before 45 Ma, the Lena and Indigirka rivers dominated, particularly near the eastern Laptev Sea Shelf. After 45 Ma, the Pyasina and Yenisey rivers became the main contributors, with significant sediment delivery through the St. Anna Trough. Sediment deposits (0.6–1 km) along the Gakkel Ridge (70°E−100°E) are also caused by these processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":50422,"journal":{"name":"Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025GC012201","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Variation, Source, and Environmental Impact of Chloride Across China: Summarized Field Results Based on the Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS)","authors":"Mingkai Liu,&nbsp;Zhaoce Liu,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Wei Chen,&nbsp;Tingting Feng,&nbsp;Tianle Pan,&nbsp;Bin Yuan,&nbsp;Shan Huang,&nbsp;Min Shao,&nbsp;Min Hu,&nbsp;Xinming Wang,&nbsp;Weiwei Hu","doi":"10.1029/2024JD043275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JD043275","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite numerous field studies focusing on the chemical composition of particulate matter, systematic investigations on particulate chloride (Cl⁻) are scarce in China. This study examines the spatiotemporal distribution, origin, and environmental impact of Cl⁻ across China via compiling a comprehensive data set of submicron aerosol (PM₁) detected by the aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). In addition, we integrated high-time resolution aerosol composition data from AMS at six representative sites in China for more detailed insights. The mass concentration of Cl⁻ across China is notably high (1.9 ± 2.7 μg m⁻³) in comparison to the global average (0.3 ± 1.0 μg m⁻³), with a distinguished N–S pattern (North &gt; South) and a distinct seasonality (winter &gt; other seasons). Three categories of Cl⁻ diurnal variations were classified, suggesting the primary combustion emission and gas/particle partitioning are the main drivers for the dynamic variation of Cl⁻. The good correlation between Cl⁻ and combustion tracers corroborates the assertion that coal and biomass combustion are the main anthropogenic sources of Cl⁻ based on emission inventory. Furthermore, the quantified environmental impacts of Cl⁻ on ammonium balances, aerosol liquid water content, and hygroscopicity were systematically explored. In extreme cases, the Cl⁻ can enhance 100% ALWC during polluted periods, signifying its key role in impacting the physiochemistry of aerosols. The mutual promotion between Cl⁻ and other environment effects was also found. In summary, this study enhances our understanding of the distribution, sources, and environmental effects of Cl⁻ across China, indicating that Cl⁻ should be systematically considered in elucidating environment effect of fine particles.</p>","PeriodicalId":15986,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres","volume":"130 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144171731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}