地球科学最新文献

{"title":"An Assessment of Representing Land-Ocean Heterogeneity via CAPE Relaxation Timescale in the Community Atmospheric Model 6 (CAM6)","authors":"Bidyut Bikash Goswami, Andrea Polesello, Caroline Muller","doi":"10.1029/2025MS005035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025MS005035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The time needed by deep convection to bring the atmosphere back to equilibrium is called convective adjustment timescale or simply adjustment timescale, typically denoted by <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $tau $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>. In the Community Atmospheric Model|Community Atmosphere Model (CAM), <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $tau $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is the convective available potential energy (CAPE) relaxation timescale and is 1 hr, worldwide. Observational evidence suggests that <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $tau $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> is generally longer than 1 hr. Further, continental and oceanic convection are different in terms of the vigor of updrafts and can have different longevities. So using <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $tau =1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> hour worldwide in CAM has two potential caveats. A longer <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $tau $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> improves the simulation of the mean climate. However, it does not address the land-ocean heterogeneity of atmospheric deep convection. We investigate the prescription of two different CAPE relaxation timescales for land (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mi>L</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${tau }_{L}=1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> hr) and ocean (<span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>τ</mi>\u0000 <mi>O</mi>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <mo>=</mo>\u0000 <mn>1</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${tau }_{O}=1$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> to 4 hr). It is arguably an extremely crude parameterization of boundary layer control on atmospheric convection. We contrast a suite of 5-year-long simulations with two different <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":14881,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems","volume":"17 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025MS005035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ENSO Influences Subsurface Marine Heatwave Occurrence in the Kuroshio Extension","authors":"Mitchell Chandler,&nbsp;Janet Sprintall,&nbsp;Nathalie V. Zilberman","doi":"10.1029/2025JC022899","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JC022899","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Extreme ocean temperature events, also known as marine heatwaves (MHWs), can have devastating consequences for ecosystems, communities, and economies. However, the ability to understand and predict MHWs beneath the sea surface is limited by a scarcity of subsurface observations. Here, we combined in situ temperature observations from a High-Resolution eXpendable BathyThermograph (HR-XBT) transect in the northwest Pacific Ocean with satellite observations to produce a multidecadal (1993–2022) subsurface temperature time series with 10-day temporal resolution. This novel time series was used to examine MHWs between the surface and 800-m deep in the Kuroshio-Kuroshio Extension region east of Japan. The length of this 30-year time series also permitted exploration of long-term trends and interannual variability in subsurface temperature. Variability in the Kuroshio-Kuroshio Extension system is found to exert a strong control on the occurrence of MHWs along the transect. Throughout the upper 800-m of the water column, Kuroshio warming drove a significant increase in Kuroshio MHW days per year. Notably, the largest mean MHW event intensities were observed in the subsurface at every location along the transect rather than at the sea surface. Strengthening of the Kuroshio Extension and its southern recirculation gyre during El Niño drove a significant increase in subsurface MHWs where the intensified current system intersected the transect. In contrast, surface MHW occurrence along the transect was not influenced by the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Clearly, relying only on sea surface temperature observations does not provide the full picture of MHWs in this highly dynamic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":54340,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JC022899","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-dependent effects of rumen-protected betaine on growth performance, thermoregulation, antioxidant status, and metabolic parameters in heat-stressed lambs.","authors":"Mostafa Bokharaeian, Barış Kaki","doi":"10.1007/s00484-025-03026-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00484-025-03026-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study evaluated the effects of rumen-protected betaine (RPB) supplementation on growth performance, physiological responses, hematological parameters, immune status, and oxidative stress in crossbred lambs under heat stress conditions. Forty Île-de-France × (Dalagh × Romanov) lambs (33.3 ± 2.67 kg) were assigned to four dietary treatments in a completely randomized design (n = 10): a control group (CTRL) and three RPB-supplemented groups receiving 2 g (RPBL), 4 g (RPBM), or 6 g (RPBH) of RPB per lamb per day. The study lasted 67 days, including a 7-day adaptation period. Feed intake, body weight, and feed conversion ratio were recorded biweekly. Physiological parameters such as rectal and skin temperatures, respiration, and pulse rates, were measured at different times of the day. Blood samples were collected for hematological, biochemical, immunological, and oxidative stress marker analyses. Growth and physiological parameters recorded over time were analyzed using a repeated measures model (PROC MIXED in SAS), while blood variables were assessed using one-way ANOVA (PROC GLM), followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. Linear and quadratic trends were evaluated using polynomial contrasts, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results indicated that RPB supplementation significantly improved average daily gain and feed efficiency (P < 0.05). Physiological responses, particularly respiration and pulse rates, were lower in RPB-fed lambs, suggesting improved heat stress resilience. Serum immunoglobulin concentrations (IgA, IgG, IgM) increased (P < 0.05), while oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde, decreased with RPB supplementation. These findings suggest that RPB enhances performance, mitigates heat stress, and improves immune function and oxidative balance in lambs under high-temperature conditions. Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":588,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Biometeorology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnetic Mineralogy in Lunar Mare Basalts and Implications for Paleointensity Retrieval","authors":"Ji-In Jung,&nbsp;Sonia M. Tikoo,&nbsp;Zoltán Váci,&nbsp;Michael J. Krawczynski,&nbsp;Peat Solheid,&nbsp;Dale H. Burns,&nbsp;Arturas Vailionis","doi":"10.1029/2025JE009030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025JE009030","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lunar paleomagnetic studies have identified multidomain metallic Fe–Ni alloys as the dominant magnetic contributors in mare basalts. Here, we explore the low-temperature magnetic behavior of standard samples for a suite of opaque minerals that occur within mare basalts (single-domain and multidomain Fe, wüstite, ulvöspinel, iron chromite, ilmenite, and troilite). We compare the observed low-temperature behaviors to those of several Apollo mare basalt samples (10003, 10044, 10020, 10069, 10071, 12009, 12022, 15597). Notable magnetic transitions were detected at <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${&lt; } $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>30 K (ilmenite), 60–80 K (chromite, troilite), and 100–125 K (ulvöspinel, chromite). We also investigated the effects of low-temperature cycling on mare basalt remanence and observed that only grains with coercivities <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>&lt;</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${&lt; } $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>20–40 mT were cleaned. This suggests a minimal impact of diurnal temperature cycling at the lunar surface on the retrieved lunar paleointensity values. Using comprehensive electron microscopy techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), wavelength dispersive spectroscopy (WDS), x-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), we further examined magnetic phases within four Apollo 11 mare basalt samples. Our findings revealed the presence of Fe grains (one to 10 μm in diameter) associated with troilite contain sub-grains ranging in size from tens to hundreds of nanometers in some samples. These grains, which fall within the single-domain to multi-domain range as observed in their first-order reversal curves, might have the potential to retain high coercivity components and thereby effectively record an ancient dynamo field.</p>","PeriodicalId":16101,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Planets","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2025JE009030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting rainfall kinetic energy under forest canopies—A pilot study using ULS","authors":"Johannes Antenor Senn,&nbsp;Jannika Schäfer,&nbsp;Zahra Hosseini,&nbsp;Steffen Seitz","doi":"10.1002/esp.70150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.70150","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Rainfall erosivity, expressed in kinetic energy, is determined by intensity, velocity and drop size distribution. In natural precipitation, these properties vary and can be substantially altered by the vegetation before reaching the ground. The splash effect of impacting raindrops on the soil surface can initiate soil erosion. While research in this regard has focussed on relating plant characteristics to erosion processes, there is a lack of studies that attempt to reverse this by predicting throughfall kinetic energy from plant properties. This has been attempted by the Vegetation Splash Factor (VSF), a model solely based on the three-dimensional distribution of vegetation surfaces derived from forest lidar forest data. We conducted a pilot study using the VSF model to validate it with in situ measurements and confirm its general suitability. We found a significant correlation between the observed and predicted effect of vegetation on the kinetic energy of rainfall, which demonstrates the suitability of the VSF, despite being solely based on structural traits. The observed effect of vegetation on rainfall kinetic energy exceeded literature reports, leading to systematic underestimation by the model. Our results showed that the VSF can be used to spatially continuously predict the effect of vegetation on the erosivity of rainfall from high-resolution lidar data. These findings open new possibilities for research on splash erosion under vegetation, shifting the perspective from point-based studies towards area-wide approaches. The simplicity of the approach facilitates adaptation for wider use. The first application of the VSF in a field study has proved that the concept is functional and can illustrate zones of increased potential for soil loss under full vegetation cover. This adds to the methodological tool box for erosion studies and can support decision-makers in forestry and agriculture in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":11408,"journal":{"name":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","volume":"50 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/esp.70150","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discovering the maritime dependency of global food trade in food-deficit countries","authors":"Zhaoyou Yin ,&nbsp;Pengjun Zhao ,&nbsp;Yingnan Niu ,&nbsp;Zhangyuan He","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103769","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2025.103769","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maritime transport plays a key role in global food trade. However, different countries and regions show a high variety in maritime dependency degree for their food trade. Understanding the variety is important for scholars, politicians and traders. Particularly, it is vital to national food security policy-making. This paper examines the changes of maritime dependency of global food trade in food-deficit countries during the period 2000–2020. We found maritime dependency of global food trade exhibits a hierarchical structure among transport corridors, characterized by a few high-tier main corridors carrying bulk flows and numerous mid- and low-tier corridors serving as regional support routes. The maritime dependency varies significantly between regions. Far East exhibiting highly concentrated routing, West Asia and East Africa relying on redundant corridor systems, and West Africa showing strong dependency on a small number of routes. It also varies by commodity, with soybeans showing the highest concentration and corn featuring more elastic routing. Interestingly, we found although the overall maritime dependency has shifted from concentration to diversification, the overlapping dependency in a few key maritime chokepoints increased. It means the vulnerability of global food shipping is increasing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48396,"journal":{"name":"Applied Geography","volume":"184 ","pages":"Article 103769"},"PeriodicalIF":5.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144932668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lightning used to follow ship-tracks in Eastern Mediterranean winter thunderstorms","authors":"Yoav Yair ,&nbsp;Menahem Kozets ,&nbsp;Yanai Namia-Cohen ,&nbsp;Colin Price","doi":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.atmosres.2025.108453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interaction between aerosol particles and thunderstorm evolution and properties is complex and was studied by direct observational campaigns, remote sensing from space and through numerical simulations. Aerosols invigorate convection and can lead to enhanced charging manifested in more lightning, but they can also lead to a “Boomerang Effect” where too large concentrations of particles lead to diminished vertical development and weaker electrical activity. The effects of ship exhaust on ocean cloudiness have been studied intensively in recent years, following the discovery of prolonged ship tracks in oceanic regions where maritime transportation is most heavy, leading to large-scale changes in albedo and reduced precipitation. Recently it was shown that aerosols emitted by ships also tend to increase lightning activity, by modifying the dynamics and microphysics of clouds formed directly above the busiest shipping lanes. Here, we study the effects of ship-emitted aerosols on thunderstorms in one of the busiest shipping routes in the world: the Mediterranean Sea between the Suez Canal and the Gibraltar Straights. This region hosts hundreds of ships daily, and space observations show considerable enhancement of the Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) and sulphate concentrations there, some from land sources and others directly related to maritime transportation. The research utilized 14 winter months of lightning detection networks data (ENTLN, from 2018 to 2022) and studied the properties of lightning with respect to sulphate concentrations and cloud properties. The results were divided between before and after the International Maritime Organization (IMO) regulation change in January 2020 that curbed sulphate emissions from 3.5 % to 0.5 %. We show a marked increase in winter lightning activity over the main east-west shipping lanes. That spatial enhancement is all but gone following the reduction in sulphate emissions from ships from February 2020, and on average, clouds became shallower with a thinner charging layer, testifying to the role of aerosol particles in convective invigoration and lightning generation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8600,"journal":{"name":"Atmospheric Research","volume":"328 ","pages":"Article 108453"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144996284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature Dependence of the Low-Frequency Electrical Properties of Partially Frozen Rocks","authors":"Jonas K. Limbrock,&nbsp;Maximilian Weigand,&nbsp;Andreas Kemna","doi":"10.1029/2024JB030870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JB030870","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spectral induced polarization (SIP) method is increasingly used for ice-content quantification and thermal characterization of permafrost sites. To improve interpretation, we must understand how low-frequency conduction and polarization in rocks vary with temperature, ice content, textures, and mineralogies under partially frozen conditions. This study investigates SIP signatures of six solid rock and two loose sediment samples from Alpine permafrost sites with different texture and mineralogy in a frequency range between 10 mHz and 45 kHz during controlled freeze-thaw cycles down to <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>−</mo>\u0000 <mn>40</mn>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${-}40$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math><span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>°</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> ${}^{circ}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>C. All samples exhibit resistivity magnitude increases with decreasing temperature, freezing-point depression, and thermal hysteresis. Spectral phase responses reflect the well-known temperature-dependent relaxation behavior of ice at higher frequencies, with variations in shape and strength. These are linked to rock and pore water properties, such as texture, mineralogy, and salinity. The presented findings reveal that the investigated electrical properties are predominantly controlled by the presence of ice and its temperature-dependent conduction and polarization mechanisms. The results provide novel insights into the electrical behavior of partially frozen rocks, underline the importance of hysteresis effects, and show potential challenges in SIP-based ice content and temperature estimation. The presented data set also makes a significant addition to existing data facilitating future model development.</p>","PeriodicalId":15864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth","volume":"130 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024JB030870","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduced Crop Yield Stability Is More Likely to Be Associated With Heat Than With Moisture Extremes in the US Midwest","authors":"Weihang Liu,&nbsp;Junxiong Zhou,&nbsp;Yuchuan Luo,&nbsp;Shuo Chen,&nbsp;Yuchi Ma","doi":"10.1029/2024EF005172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2024EF005172","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Understanding the changes in crop yield stability (<i>μ</i>/σ) under climate change is critical for food security and farmer livelihoods. Unstable crop yields have been identified as detrimental to international food trade and markets. However, the association between climate extremes and crop yield stability has not been well documented. Here, we present the sensitivity of corn and soybean yield stability to heat, drought and excessive wetness by using statistical modeling for rainfed corn and soybean based on survey yield records in the US Midwest. The results using survey data indicate that increased heat, drought and excessive wetness are collectively associated with reduced yield stability for corn and soybean. We find that the changes in corn and soybean yield stability in the US Midwest are predominantly related to heat stress. Additionally, irrigation can mitigate the yield stability reduction associated with heat and drought. In contrast, well-irrigated yield is more sensitive to excess wet. Our results highlight the importance of examining the correlation between climate extremes and crop yield stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":48748,"journal":{"name":"Earths Future","volume":"13 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2024EF005172","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving beyond projects to achieve transformative adaptation","authors":"Megan Mills-Novoa, Kimberley Anh Thomas, Michael Mikulewicz","doi":"10.1038/s41558-025-02414-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-025-02414-x","url":null,"abstract":"Projects are not delivering the transformative change needed for climate change adaptation. This failure is due in part to the delivery of adaptation as projects, but there are viable alternatives that can better address the underlying and structural causes of vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":18974,"journal":{"name":"Nature Climate Change","volume":"876 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":30.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144930258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}