Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society最新文献

Anomalous propagation and the sinking of the Russian warship Moskva 异常传播和俄罗斯军舰莫斯科号的沉没

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0113.1

Lars Norin, Niklas Wellander, Abhay Devasthale

引用次数: 0

The First Hybrid NOAA Hazardous Weather Testbed Spring Forecasting Experiment for Advancing Severe Weather Prediction 推进灾害性天气预报的首个NOAA混合灾害性天气试验台春季预报试验

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0275.1

Adam J. Clark, Israel L. Jirak, Timothy A. Supinie, Kent H. Knopfmeier, Jake Vancil, David Jahn, David Harrison, Allison Lynn Brannan, Christopher D. Karstens, Eric D. Loken, Nathan A. Dahl, Makenzie Krocak, David Imy, Andrew R. Wade, Jeffrey M. Milne, Kimberly A. Hoogewind, Pamela L. Heinselman, Montgomery Flora, Joshua Martin, Brian C. Matilla, Joseph C. Picca, Patrick S. Skinner, Patrick Burke

引用次数: 0

Cooling the coldest continent: The 4 December 2021 Total Solar Eclipse over Antarctica 冷却最冷的大陆:2021年12月4日南极洲的日全食

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-22-0272.1

René Garreaud, Deniz Bozkurt, Carl Spangrude, Tomas Carrasco-Escaff, Roberto Rondanelli, Ricardo Muñoz, Xavier M. Jubier, Matthew Lazzara, Linda Keller, Patricio Rojo

{"title":"Cooling the coldest continent: The 4 December 2021 Total Solar Eclipse over Antarctica","authors":"René Garreaud, Deniz Bozkurt, Carl Spangrude, Tomas Carrasco-Escaff, Roberto Rondanelli, Ricardo Muñoz, Xavier M. Jubier, Matthew Lazzara, Linda Keller, Patricio Rojo","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0272.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0272.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Total solar eclipses (TSEs) are impressive astronomical events which have attracted people’s curiosity since ancient times. Their abrupt alterations to the radiation balance have stimulated studies on “Eclipse Meteorology,” most of them documenting events in the Northern Hemisphere while only one TSE (23 November 2003) has been described over Antarctica. On 4 December 2021− just a few days before the austral summer solstice− the moon blocked the sun over the austral high latitudes, with the path of totality arching from the Weddell Sea to the Amundsen Sea, thus producing a ∼2-minute central TSE. In this work we present high resolution meteorological observations from Union Glacier Camp (80°S, 83°W), the only location with a working station under totality, and South Pole station. These observations were complemented with meteorological records from 37 surface stations across Antarctica. Notably, the largest cooling (∼5°C) was observed over the East Antarctic dome, where obscurity was ∼85% while many sectors experienced insignificant temperature changes. This heterogenous cooling distribution, at odds with the seemingly homogeneous land-surface of Antarctica, is partially captured by a simple radiative model. To further diagnose the effect of the eclipse on the surface meteorology we ran multiple pairs of simulations (eclipse-enabled and -disabled) using the Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF). The overall pattern and magnitude of the simulated cooling agree well with the observations and reveals that, in addition to the solar radiation deficit and cloud cover, low-level winds and the height of the planetary boundary layer are key determinants of the temperature changes and their spatial variability.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"2014 33","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Asymptotic matching between weather and climate models 天气和气候模式之间的渐近匹配

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-22-0128.1

Hiroaki Miura, Tamaki Suematsu, Yuta Kawai, Yoko Yamagami, Daisuke Takasuka, Yuki Takano, Ching-Shu Hung, Kazuya Yamazaki, Chihiro Kodama, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa, Yukio Masumoto

{"title":"Asymptotic matching between weather and climate models","authors":"Hiroaki Miura, Tamaki Suematsu, Yuta Kawai, Yoko Yamagami, Daisuke Takasuka, Yuki Takano, Ching-Shu Hung, Kazuya Yamazaki, Chihiro Kodama, Yoshiyuki Kajikawa, Yukio Masumoto","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0128.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0128.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Deep Numerical Analysis for Climate (DNA-Climate) is a pilot project to develop an earth system model on a kilometer-scale horizontal mesh. The acronym “DNA” is based on the analogies between the hierarchical structures of atmospheric phenomena and living organisms. The multiscale structure of clouds and circulations may be analogous to the multiscale structure of cells and organs organized according to the blueprint, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). Whereas global cloud-resolving models (CRMs) can produce better solutions on shorter-time scales that are decisively governed by the initial conditions, global climate models (GCMs) may generate reliable solutions on longer-time scales that are largely determined to balance energy inputs and outputs. Our challenge is to build a physically valid model that consistently bridges the shorter- and longer-time scale solutions in the intermediate time scales. Research topics of DNA-Climate are configured in consideration of the structural similarity between the climate modeling and the technique of matched asymptotic expansions in mathematics. The central question is whether a single modeling framework using only either global CRM or GCM will work adequately at all time scales of climate, or whether a multiscale modeling framework combining several models, of which each is only valid for limited time scales, will be needed. A multiscale modeling is an attractive framework for advancing climate modeling and would be an intriguing topic to be studied in parallel with global CRMs and GCMs.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"14 S9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135932811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grand Challenges in Earth Science: The Weather-Climate Society Nexus over Northeast Asia 地球科学的重大挑战:东北亚的天气-气候社会关系

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0237.1

Kyung-Ja Ha, Jonghun Kam, Masahiro Watanabe, Tianjun Zhou, Wenjie Dong

引用次数: 0

Anthropogenic Influence on the Record-Breaking Compound Hot and Dry Event in Summer 2022 in the Yangtze River Basin in China 中国长江流域2022年夏季破纪录复合干热事件的人为影响

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0149.1

Wei Li, Zhihong Jiang, Laurent Li

引用次数: 0

Anthropogenic Influence on 2022 Extreme January–February Precipitation in Southern China 2022年中国南方1 - 2月极端降水的人为影响

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0136.1

Yamin Hu, Buwen Dong, Jiehong Xie, Haobo Tan, Baiquan Zhou, Shuheng Lin, Jian He, Liang Zhao

引用次数: 0

Advancing Understanding of Urgent Gaps and Needs in Atmospheric Science: Key Insights from the Climate, Weather and Water Forum 推进对大气科学紧迫差距和需求的理解:来自气候、天气和水论坛的关键见解

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0245.1

Lujia Zhang, Yurong Song, Tat Fan Cheng, Mengqian Lu

引用次数: 0

Seeding of supercooled low stratus clouds with a UAV to study microphysical ice processes - An introduction to the CLOUDLAB project 用无人机播种过冷低层云，研究冰的微物理过程——CLOUDLAB项目简介

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-11-01 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-22-0178.1

Jan Henneberger, Fabiola Ramelli, Robert Spirig, Nadja Omanovic, Anna J. Miller, Christopher Fuchs, Huiying Zhang, Johannes Bühl, Maxime Hervo, Zamin A. Kanji, Kevin Ohneiser, Martin Radenz, Michael Rösch, Patric Seifert, Ulrike Lohmann

{"title":"Seeding of supercooled low stratus clouds with a UAV to study microphysical ice processes - An introduction to the CLOUDLAB project","authors":"Jan Henneberger, Fabiola Ramelli, Robert Spirig, Nadja Omanovic, Anna J. Miller, Christopher Fuchs, Huiying Zhang, Johannes Bühl, Maxime Hervo, Zamin A. Kanji, Kevin Ohneiser, Martin Radenz, Michael Rösch, Patric Seifert, Ulrike Lohmann","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0178.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0178.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Ice formation and growth processes play a crucial role in the evolution of cloud systems and the formation of precipitation. However, the initial formation and growth of ice crystals are challenging to study in the real atmosphere resulting in uncertainties in weather forecasts and climate projections. The CLOUDLAB project tackles this problem by using supercooled stratus clouds as a natural laboratory for targeted glaciogenic cloud seeding to advance the understanding of ice processes: Ice nucleating particles are injected from an uncrewed aerial vehicle (UAV) into supercooled stratus clouds to induce ice crystal formation and subsequent growth processes. Microphysical changes induced by seeding are measured 3–15 min downstream of the seeding location using in situ and ground-based remote sensing instrumentation. The novel application of seeding with a multirotor UAV combined with the persistent nature of stratus clouds enables repeated seeding experiments under similar and well-constrained initial conditions. This article describes the scientific goals, experimental design, and first results of CLOUDLAB. First, the seeding plume is characterized by using measurements of a UAV equipped with an optical particle counter. Second, the seeding-induced microphysical changes observed by cloud radars and a tethered balloon system are presented. The seeding signatures were detected by regions of increased radar reflectivity (>−20 dB Z ), which were 10–20 dB Z higher than the natural background. Simultaneously, high concentrations of seeding particles and ice crystals (up to 2,000 L −1 ) were observed. A cloud seeding case was simulated with the numerical weather model ICON to contextualize the findings.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"47 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136371340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory — 75 Years of Research Linking Earth and Sky: A Historical Perspective. 美国国家海洋和大气管理局的空气资源实验室- 75年的研究连接地球和天空:一个历史的视角。

1区地球科学

Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1175/bams-d-23-0006.1

Ariel F. Stein, Bruce B. Hicks, LaToya Myles, Margaret Simon

{"title":"NOAA’s Air Resources Laboratory — 75 Years of Research Linking Earth and Sky: A Historical Perspective.","authors":"Ariel F. Stein, Bruce B. Hicks, LaToya Myles, Margaret Simon","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0006.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0006.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For over 75 years, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Air Resources Laboratory (NOAA ARL) has been at the forefront of federal meteorological and climate research. As the Special Projects Section (SPS) of the U. S. Weather Bureau (USWB), the laboratory pioneered the development of atmospheric trajectory modeling, initially used in studies related to nuclear weapons following World War II. Model development was guided by observations following weapons tests, assisted by later experiments using a wide variety of atmospheric tracers. Today’s familiar Gaussian plume dispersion model, previously in nascent form, was developed and promoted with ARL research, as was the much later and widely-used HYSPLIT model. Much of ARL’s early research was focused on the challenges presented by the complex terrain surrounding nuclear installations, often addressed with high spatial resolution meteorological measurements, atmospheric tracers, and site-specific models. ARL has since extended boundary layer research to increasingly complex landscapes, such as forests, agricultural lands, and urban areas, and has expanded its research scope to air quality, weather, and climate applications based on the knowledge and experience developed throughout its long history. Examples of these research endeavors include the establishment of the US Climate Reference Network, fundamental contributions to the development of the National Air Quality Forecast Capability, and foundational participation in the National Atmospheric Deposition Program. ARL looks forward to continuing to refine scientific understanding from field experiments, including coupling ground-based experimentation with modeling, and sustained observations, in order to facilitate the transfer of knowledge into practical applications of societal relevance.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"47 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136381543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0