Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society最新文献

{"title":"Standards and Open Access are the ICOS Pillars: Reply to “Comments on ‘The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe’”","authors":"Dario Papale, Jouni Heiskanen, Christian Brümmer, Nina Buchmann, Carlo Calfapietra, Arnaud Carrara, Huilin Chen, Bert Gielen, Thanos Gkritzalis, Samuel Hammer, Susan Hartman, Mathias Herbst, Ivan A. Janssens, Armin Jordan, Eija Juurola, Ute Karstens, Ville Kasurinen, Bart Kruijt, Harry Lankreijer, Ingeborg Levin, Maj-Lena Linderson, Denis Loustau, Lutz Merbold, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Marian Pavelka, Kim Pilegaard, Michel Ramonet, Corinna Rebmann, Janne Rinne, Léonard Rivier, Elena Saltikoff, Richard Sanders, Martin Steinbacher, Tobias Steinhoff, Andrew Watson, Alex T. Vermeulen, Timo Vesala, Gabriela Vítková, Werner Kutsch","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0216.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0216.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Standards and Open Access are the ICOS Pillars: Reply to “Comments on ‘The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe’”\" published on 02 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Flux You Say?: Comments on “The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe”","authors":"Andrew S. Kowalski","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0274.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0274.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"The Flux You Say?: Comments on “The Integrated Carbon Observation System in Europe”\" published on 02 Jan 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139079812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Weather-Climate Schism","authors":"David A. Randall, Kerry Emanuel","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0124.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0124.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The atmospheric science community includes both weather and climate scientists. These two groups interact much less than they should, particularly in the United States. The schism is widespread, and has persisted for fifty years or more. It is found in academic departments, laboratories, professional societies, and even funding agencies. Mending the schism would promote better, faster science. We sketch the history of the schism, and suggest ways to make our community whole.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QLB-NET: A Dense Soil Moisture and Freeze/Thaw Monitoring Network in the Qinghai Lake Basin on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau","authors":"Linna Chai, Zhongli Zhu, Shaomin Liu, Ziwei Xu, Rui Jin, Xin Li, Jian Kang, Tao Che, Yang Zhang, Jinsong Zhang, Hongjing Cui, Tiansheng Gao, Tongren Xu, Shaojie Zhao, Xiaoduo Pan, Ge Guo","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0186.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0186.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Soil moisture (SM) and soil freeze/thaw (FT) are two relatively active surface parameters that are significant to the sustainable development of the water-land-air-plant-human nexus. Over time, regional or global SM and FT datasets with different spatial resolutions have been developed. In response to the requirements of multiscale product validation and multisource uncertainty tracking, a soil moisture and soil temperature (ST) monitoring network in the Qinghai Lake Basin (QLB-NET) was established in September 2019. The QLB-NET is characterized by densely distributed in situ sites (82 sites) measuring SM and ST at 5-, 10- and 30-cm depths, with 60 sites in a large-scale network covering an area of 36 km×40 km and 22 sites evenly distributed across two small-scale 1 km×1 km networks. Quantitative analyses of the in situ measurements show that the QLB-NET can provide stable and reliable ground truth for SM and FT over coarse grid scales, e.g., 36 km×36 km, 25 km×25 km, and 0.25°×0.25°. When statistics are correspondingly performed over 50 out of 54, 25 out of 29, and 25 out of 28 sites, the results are described as follows: 1) the STD of the mean SM varies between 0.0127 and 0.0196 m3/m3, with the corresponding difference between the upper and lower quartiles being less than 0.02 m3/m3; 2) the ground freeze/thaw state can be correctly identified with high probabilities ranging from 85.3% to 100% on two freeze/thaw transitional dates. The QLB-NET observed datasets are distributed online and will be continuously updated through cooperation with the National Tibetan Plateau Data Center (http://data.tpdc.ac.cn), facilitating product validation and uncertainty tracking, spatiotemporal analysis of SM change and FT transition, optimization of the SM and FT retrieving algorithms and scaling methods and development of the mountainous microwave radiative transfer model.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Celebrating 10 years of the Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project and looking to the future","authors":"S. J. Woolnough, F. Vitart, A. W. Robertson, C. A. S. Coelho, R. Lee, H. Lin, A. Kumar, C. Stan, M. Balmaseda, N. Caltabiano, M. Yamaguchi, H. Afargan-Gerstman, V.L. Boult, F.M. De Andrade, D. Büeler, A. Carreric, D. A. Campos Diaz, J. Day, J. Dorrington, M. Feldmann, J. C. Furtado, C. M. Grams, R. Koster, L. Hirons, V. S. Indasi, P. Jadhav, Y. Liu, P. Nying’uro, C. D. Roberts, E. Rouges, J. Ryu","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0323.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0323.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"Celebrating 10 years of the Sub-Seasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project and looking to the future\" published on 27 Dec 2023 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139055640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sampled Together: Assessing the Value of Simultaneous Co-located Measurements for Optimal Satellite Configurations","authors":"C.E. Powell, Christopher S. Ruf, Scott Gleason, Scot C. R. Rafkin","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0198.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0198.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This work applies a quantitative metric in order to capture the relative representativeness of non-simultaneous or non-co-located observations and quantify how these observations decorrelate in both space and time. This methodology allows for the effective determination of thresholding decisions for representative matchup conditions, and is especially useful for informing future network designs and architectures. Future weather and climate satellite missions must consider a range of architectural trades to meet observing requirements. Frequently, fundamental decisions such as the number of observatories, the instruments manifested, and orbit parameters are determined based upon assumptions about the characteristic temporal and spatial scales of variability of the target observation. With the introduced methodology, representativity errors due to separations in space and time can be quantified without prior knowledge of instrument performance, and errors driven by constellation design can be estimated without model ingest or analysis.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First International Summer School on Marine Heatwaves","authors":"Shikha Singh, Janet Sprintall, A. Capotondi, Regina Rodrigues","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0288.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0288.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"44 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Circum-global Transport of Massive African Dust and its Impacts on the Regional Circulation in Remote Atmosphere","authors":"Hongru Bi, Siyu Chen, Daizhou Zhang, Yong Wang, Litai Kang, Khan Alam, Mingjin Tang, Yu Chen, Yue Zhang, Danfeng Wang","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0072.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0072.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Atmospheric dust from the North Africa, the largest and most persistently active dust source over the world, spreads widely in the Northern Hemisphere and plays essential roles in the Earth environment evolution. During June 7th-24th 2020, an extremely strong dust occurred with its westward spreading modulated by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and its eastward spreading regulated by European blocking, ultimately resulting in the circum-global transport of African dust. The Mediterranean low pressure linked to the European blocking dipole was the key to facilitating the eastward transport of dust. This record-breaking African dust episode caused a notable diurnal precipitation decrease of 0.98 mm day−1 over northeastern India and decrease of 1.55 mm day−1 over central North America, which was ascribed to the effect of dust-induced radiative heating on large-scale circulation. It triggered Rossby wave train and caused an anomalous high pressure over northeastern India, which weakened the India summer monsoon and consequently inhibited the occurrence of precipitation. Dust-induced radiative heating also supported the stability in the anomalous warm high over North America, further repressing import of moisture from Atlantic. Ambient moisture and atmospheric instability also presented consistent variation over North America and India characterized as strengthen descending motion and sharply reduced moist convection. This study reports, for the first time, the strong modulation of regional circulation by circum-globally transported African dust especially in Asia and North America. The new aspects on the unexpected consequences to moisture convection indicate broader roles that the dust may play in the global climate change.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138580260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Searching for the most extreme temperature events in recent history","authors":"Julien Cattiaux, Aurélien Ribes, Vikki Thompson","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0095.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0095.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because they are rare, extreme weather events have critical impacts on societies and ecosystems and attract public and scientific attention. The most unusual events are regularly documented as part of routine climate monitoring by meteorological services. A growing number of attribution studies also aim at quantifying how their probability has evolved under human induced climate change. However, it is often recognized that (i) the selection of studied events is geographically uneven, and (ii) the definition of a given event, in particular its spatio-temporal scale, is subjective, which may impact attribution statements. Here we present an original method that objectively selects, defines, and compares extreme events that have occurred worldwide in the recent years. Building on previous work, the event definition consists of automatically selecting the spatio-temporal scale that maximizes the event rarity, accounting for the non-stationary context of climate change. We then explore all years, seasons, and regions and search for the most extreme events. We demonstrate how our searching procedure can be both useful for climate monitoring over a given territory, and resolve the geographical selection bias of attribution studies. Ultimately, we provide a selection of the most exceptional hot and cold events in the recent past, among which are iconic heatwaves such as those seen in 2021 in Canada or 2003 in Europe.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"55 8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138579933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AMS Publications Support for Open, Transparent, and Equitable Research","authors":"Douglas Schuster, Michael Friedman","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0243.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0243.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"AMS Publications Support for Open, Transparent, and Equitable Research\" published on 06 Dec 2023 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"50 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138507857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}