Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society最新文献

{"title":"Common Community Physics Package: Fostering Collaborative Development in Physical Parameterizations and Suites","authors":"Ligia Bernardet, Lisa Bengtsson, Patrick A. Reinecke, Fanglin Yang, Man Zhang, Kyle Hall, James Doyle, Matus Martini, Grant Firl, Lulin Xue","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0227.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0227.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Common Community Physics Package (CCPP) is a state-of-the-art infrastructure designed to facilitate community-wide development of atmospheric physics parameterizations, support their interoperability among different modeling centers, and enable the transition of research to operations in NWP and climate modeling. The CCPP consists of two elements: the Physics (a repository of parameterizations) and the Framework (an infrastructure for interfacing the parameterizations with host models). The CCPP is a community resource: its latest release has 23 primary parameterizations, which can be organized into six supported suites. It is distributed with a single-column model to facilitate physics development and experimentation. The Developmental Testbed Center provides support to users and developers. A key aspect of the CCPP is its interoperability, that is, its ability to be used by multiple host models. This enables synergistic collaboration among groups dispersed over various institutions and working on various models. In this article we provide an overview of the CCPP and how it is being used in two leading modeling systems. The CCPP is part of the Unified Forecast System (UFS), is included in the NOAA operational Hurricane Analysis and Forecast System (HAFS) version one, and is slated for use in all upcoming NOAA global and limited-area UFS applications for operations. Similarly, the CCPP has been integrated into the Navy Environmental Prediction System Using a Nonhydrostatic Engine (NEPTUNE) model and is undergoing testing for upcoming transition to operations. These experiences make physics interoperability a reality and open the doors for much broader collaborative efforts on ESM development.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"343 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Thermal Equator on Earth and Mars","authors":"Christopher P. McKay, Mateo N. Cintron","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0214.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0214.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The thermal equator (also known as the heat equator) is the circumplanetary set of points that represent the highest mean annual temperature at each longitude. Recent high precision global datasets for Earth and Mars provide a basis for a detailed calculation of the thermal equator on these worlds. On Earth, the temperature values that comprise the thermal equator range from 25.85° to 34.75°C, with a mean of 27.75° ± 1.3°C, and extends in latitude as high as 20°N in Mexico and 29.3°N in the Indian subcontinent. The maximum southern extent is 20°S in Australia. On Mars, lacking oceans, the thermal equator takes a simpler track and is roughly parallel to the equator, and displaced 5°–10°S. However, there is a region of longitude on Mars where the thermal equator becomes bimodal with a northern branch centered at 10°N and a southern branch centered at 20°S.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141505160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Annual Minimum Snow/Ice Extent Variations over Greenland since 2000: Ice Sheet, Peripheral Areas, and Relation to Ice Mass Balance","authors":"Alexander P. Trishchenko, Calin Ungureanu","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-22-0244.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-22-0244.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A novel satellite image processing technique was utilized to produce an annual time series of the Minimum Snow/Ice (MSI) extent over the entire Greenland landmass for the period 2000-2022. The information was derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer 10-day clear-sky composites over the April-September period. The data products were generated from 250-m swath imagery. The annual aggregates were downscaled to a 150-m grid for consistency with data on margins of Greenland available from the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), and the Greenland Ice Mapping Project. Inter-annual variations in the MSI extent were derived and analyzed for each of the seven major glacier basins in Greenland split into the main ice sheet, represented by a static map, and the peripheral areas from which all variations originated. Four of the seven regions demonstrated statistically significant negative trends in the MSI extent. The entire Greenland area also showed a declining snow/ice extent although this was not statistically significant. The region-wide and peripheral snow/ice extent varied from a minimum of 1.807 × 106 km2 (1.449 × 105 km2 for peripheral areas) observed in 2012 to a maximum of 1.860 × 106 km2 (1.977 × 105 km2) observed in 2006 with an average value of 1.829 × 106 km2 (1.664 × 105 km2). The derived MSI variations showed statistically significant correlation with the near-surface 2- m air temperature from the ERA5 Land reanalysis and Greenland ice mass balance from GEUS for all catchments, with correlation coefficients for the entire area equal to −0.74 and 0.53, respectively. The mapping of many peripheral glaciers and ice shelves included in the glaciology databases and utilized for the IPCC reporting is not always consistent with our results and requires improvement, especially in the coastal areas.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141259457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CORDEX - Advancing High Resolution Climate Information and its Use in Society","authors":"Iréne Lake, Melissa S. Bukovsky","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-24-0088.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0088.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"CORDEX - Advancing High Resolution Climate Information and its Use in Society\" published on 31 May 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How to engage and adapt to unprecedented extremes","authors":"Dominic Matte, Jens H. Christensen, Martin Drews, Stefan Sobolowski, Dominique Paquin, Amanda Lynch, Scott Bremer, Ida Engholm, Nicolas D. Brunet, Erik W. Kolstad, Helena Kettleborough, Vikki Thompson, Emanuele Bevacqua, Dorothy Heinrich, Sara C Pryor, Andrea Böhnisch, Frauke Feser, Andreas F Prein, Erich Fischer, Martin Leduc","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-24-0138.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-24-0138.1","url":null,"abstract":"\"How to engage and adapt to unprecedented extremes\" published on 31 May 2024 by American Meteorological Society.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141196782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For a Pluralism of Climate Modelling Strategies","authors":"Marina Baldissera Pacchetti, Julie Jebeile, Erica Thompson","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0169.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0169.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The continued development of General Circulation Models (GCMs) towards increasing resolution and complexity is a predominantly chosen strategy to advance climate science, resulting in channelling of research and funding to meet this aspiration. Yet many other modelling strategies have also been developed and can be used to understand past and present climates, to project future climates and ultimately to support decision-making. We argue that a plurality of climate modelling strategies and an equitable distribution of funding among them would be an improvement on the current predominant strategy for informing policy making. To support our claim, we use a philosophy of science approach to compare increasing resolution and complexity of General Circulation Models with three alternate examples: the use of machine learning techniques, the physical climate storyline approach, and Earth System Models of Intermediate Complexity. We show that each of these strategies prioritises a particular set of methodological aims, among which are empirical agreement, realism, comprehensiveness, diversity of process representations, inclusion of the human dimension, reduction of computational expense, and intelligibility. Thus, each strategy may provide adequate information to support different specific kinds of research and decision questions. We conclude that, because climate decision-making consists of different kinds of questions, many modelling strategies are all potentially useful, and can be used in a complementary way.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141198064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards user-friendly all-sky surface longwave downward radiation from space: General scheme and product","authors":"Yihan Du, Tianxing Wang, Yu Zhou, Husi Letu, Dahui Li, Yuyang Xian","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0126.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0126.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Longwave downward radiation (LWDR) is an important driving parameter in climate and hydrological models. Compared to traditional ground-based measurements, remote sensing has unique advantages in estimating global LWDR. However, for current remote sensing missions, as the typical available satellite-derived LWDR product with global coverage and hourly temporal resolution, the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System-Synoptic (CERES-SYN) top of atmosphere and surface fluxes and clouds has a low spatial resolution (1° × 1°). There is still much room for improvement of the existing remote sensing LWDR products in terms of accuracy, spatiotemporal resolutions, and the ability to explain and quantify the changes of longwave radiation at various scales. To overcome these limitations, this paper developed a new global LWDR product with improved accuracy (the RMSE < 30 W/m2 over the globe), high temporal resolution (hourly), and spatial resolution (5 km) based on Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) measurements. It serves as a LWDR product within the Long-term Earth System spatiotemporally Seamless Radiation budget dataset (referred to as LessRad). As the first long-term high-resolution, spatiotemporally continuous LWDR product (2002-2022, 1 h, 5 km), the LessRad reveals its advantages in studying the spatiotemporal variability of LWDR on finer scales. It also provides a valuable data source for various applications, such as analyzing land-atmosphere interactions and quantifying climate feedback, and thus, is potentially helpful for understanding the earth’s energy budget and dynamics.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CloudRoots-Amazon22: Integrating clouds with photosynthesis by crossing scales","authors":"J. Vilà-Guerau de Arellano, O. K. Hartogensis, H. de Boer, R. Moonen, R. González-Armas, M. Janssens, G. A. Adnew, D. J. Bonell-Fontás, S. Botía, S. P. Jones, H. van Asperen, S. Komiya, V. S. de Feiter, D. Rikkers, S. de Haas, L. A. T. Machado, C. Q. Dias-Junior, G. Giovanelli-Haytzmann, W. I. D. Valenti, R. C. Figueiredo, C. S. Farias, D. H. Hall, A. C. S. Mendonça, F. A. G. da Silva, J. L. Marton da Silva, R. Souza, G. Martins, J. N. Miller, W. B. Mol, B. Heusinkveld, C. C. van Heerwaarden, F. A. F. D’Oliveira, R. Rodrigues Ferreira, R. Acosta Gotuzzo, G. Pugliese, J. Williams, A. Ringsdorf, A. Edtbauer, C. A. Quesada, B. Takeshi Tanaka Portela, E. Gomes Alves, C. Pöhlker, S. Trumbore, J. Lelieveld, T. Röckmann","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0333.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0333.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract How are rainforest photosynthesis and turbulent fluxes influenced by clouds? To what extent are clouds affected by local processes driven by rainforest energy, water and carbon fluxes? These interrelated questions were the main drivers of the intensive field experiment CloudRoots-Amazon22 which took place at the ATTO/Campina supersites in the Amazon rainforest during the dry season, in August 2022. CloudRoots-Amazon22 collected observational data to derive cause-effect relationships between processes occurring at the leaf-level up to canopy scales in relation to the diurnal evolution of the clear-to-cloudy transition. First, we studied the impact of cloud and canopy radiation perturbations on the sub-diurnal variability of stomatal conductance. Stoma opening is larger in the morning, modulated by the cloud optical thickness. Second, we combined 1 Hz-frequency measurements of the stable isotopologues of carbon dioxide and water vapor with measurements of turbulence to determine carbon dioxide and water vapor sources and sinks within the canopy. Using scintillometer observations, we inferred 1-minute sensible heat flux that responded within minutes to the cloud passages. Third, collocated profiles of state variables and greenhouse gases enabled us to determine the role of clouds in vertical transport. We then inferred, using canopy and upper-atmospheric observations and a parameterization, the cloud cover and cloud mass flux to establish causality between canopy and cloud processes. This shows the need of comprehensive observational set to improve weather and climate model representations. Our findings contribute to advance our knowledge of the coupling between cloudy boundary layers and primary carbon productivity of the Amazon rainforest.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Models Indicate Compensating Effects between Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols on the 2022 Central Andes Spring Drought","authors":"Jonghun Kam, Seung-Ki Min, Byeong-Hee Kim, Yeon-Hee Kim, Leandro B. Diaz, Jong-Seong Kug, Rokjin Park","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0241.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0241.1","url":null,"abstract":"CMIP6 simulations showed a weak human contribution to 2022-like Central Andes spring droughts, due to compensating impacts between anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140881511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure – ACTRIS, the European research infrastructure supporting atmospheric science","authors":"Paolo Laj, Cathrine Lund Myhre, Véronique Riffault, Vassilis Amiridis, Hendrik Fuchs, Konstantinos Eleftheriadis, Tuukka Petäjä, Thérèse Salameh, Niku Kivekäs, Eija Juurola, Giulia Saponaro, Sabine Philippin, Carmela Cornacchia, Lucas Alados Arboledas, Holger Baars, Anja Claude, Martine De Mazière, Bart Dils, Marvin Dufresne, Nikolaos Evangeliou, Olivier Favez, Markus Fiebig, Martial Haeffelin, Hartmut Herrmann, Kristina Höhler, Niklas Illmann, Axel Kreuter, Elke Ludewig, Eleni Marinou, Ottmar Möhler, Lucia Mona, Lise Eder Murberg, Doina Nicolae, Anna Novelli, Ewan O'Connor, Kevin Ohneiser, Rosa Maria Petracca Altieri, Bénédicte Picquet-Varrault, Dominik van Pinxteren, Bernhard Pospichal, Jean-Philippe Putaud, Stefan Reimann, Nikolaos Siomos, Iwona Stachlewska, Ralf Tillmann, Kalliopi Artemis Voudouri, Ulla Wandinger, Alfred Wiedensohler, Arnoud Apituley, Adolfo Comerón, Martin Gysel-Beer, Nikolaos Mihalopoulos, Nina Nikolova, Aleksander Pietruczuk, Stéphane Sauvage, Jean Sciare, Henrik Skov, Tove Svendby, Erik Swietlicki, Dimitar Tonev, Geraint Vaughan, Vladimir Zdimal, Urs Baltensperger, Jean-François Doussin, Markku Kulmala, Gelsomina Pappalardo, Sanna Sorvari Sundet, Milan Vana","doi":"10.1175/bams-d-23-0064.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-23-0064.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The Aerosol, Clouds and Trace Gases Research Infrastructure (ACTRIS) officially became the 33rd European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) on April 25, 2023 with the support of 17 founding member and observer countries. As a pan-European legal organization, ACTRIS ERIC will coordinate the provision of data and data products on short-lived atmospheric constituents and clouds relevant to climate and air pollution over the next 15-20 years. ACTRIS was designed more than a decade ago, and its development was funded at national and European levels. It was included in the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) Roadmap in 2016 and subsequently, in the national infrastructure roadmaps of European countries. It became a landmark of the ESFRI roadmap in 2021. The purpose of this paper is to describe the mission of ACTRIS, its added value to the community of atmospheric scientists, providing services to academia as well as the public and private sectors, and to summarize its main achievements. The present publication serves as a reference document for ACTRIS, its users and the scientific community as a whole. It provides the reader with relevant information and an overview on ACTRIS governance and services, as well as a summary of the main scientific achievements of the last 20 years. The paper concludes with an outlook on the upcoming challenges for ACTRIS and the strategy for its future evolution.","PeriodicalId":9464,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140842075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}