Geological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Reply to Comment on “Singh R, Vadlamani R, Bajpai S & Maurya AS (2024) Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of Marine Oligocene–Miocene Sedimentary Successions of Kutch Basin, Western India. Geological Journal, 1–20. DOI: 10.1002/gj.4961”","authors":"Rimjhim Singh,&nbsp;Ravikant Vadlamani,&nbsp;Sunil Bajpai,&nbsp;Abhayanand Singh Maurya","doi":"10.1002/gj.5074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5074","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This response addresses the comments made by Saraswati et al. on our recent publication in Geological Journal. In our study, we used a multi-analytical screening approach, including visual, XRD and trace element analysis, to evaluate diagenetic alteration of carbonate shell samples. Contrary to the claims made by Saraswati et al. our findings are based on well-preserved samples with minimal alteration. The Sr-isotope data from the Khari Nadi Formation (23.07–18.09 Ma) are largely consistent with existing biostratigraphic constraints, but suggest a possible extension of the upper age limit into the Burdigalian. Our Sr-isotope ages for the Chhasra Formation (15.11–12.29 Ma) are younger than those suggested previously, based on larger benthic foraminifers, but largely corroborate recent nannoplankton data. As a result of the new age data from Kutch, we suggest that the sedimentation rates, derived from multiple samples, increased significantly from the Oligocene to Miocene. We assert that ‘established’ ages are also subject to refinements as the rock units become amenable to new dating techniques. We welcome any criticism that is constructive, and remain open to any further data that could refine or challenge our interpretations.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3381-3384"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fabrics and Origin of Troctolites in the Keketoukeleke Ultramafic–Mafic Complex, South Altyn Tagh, Northwest China","authors":"Guojian Geng,&nbsp;Liang Liu,&nbsp;Haijun Xu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5054","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Troctolite is relatively rare compared with other ultramafic–mafic rocks, but its origins and rheological deformation are significant for understanding melt–rock interactions and fractional crystallization of mafic magmas. The Keketoukeleke ultramafic–mafic complex in the South Altyn Tagh, northwest China, consists mainly of dunite, coarse- and fine-grained troctolite. Based on petrographic observations, major and trace element variations of the dunites and troctolites, and low olivine Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios, we propose that the troctolites were formed by fractional crystallization and late localized water-bearing melt injection. In addition, the olivine in the dunites has A- and E-type fabrics, whereas the olivine in the troctolites has a weak fabric and plagioclase has a pronounced fabric with the [010] axes aligned subnormal to the foliation and [100] axes subparallel to the lineation. The results suggest that the troctolite rheological deformation was concentrated mainly in plagioclase, and the olivine only underwent grain rotation or grain boundary slip. Furthermore, the dating of baddeleyite in troctolite suggests they crystallized at 378.6 ± 2.3 Ma, suggesting the Keketoukeleke ultramafic–mafic complex emplaced the continental crust extension after deep subduction–exhumation process of South Altyn.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3362-3376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basin–Orogen Coupling-Driven Meso-Cenozoic Deformation Along the Southern Margin of the Junggar Basin, NW China: Insights From Integrated Multidisciplinary Analysis","authors":"Feiyu Zhao,&nbsp;Yanhui Suo,&nbsp;Sanzhong Li,&nbsp;Juzhi Deng,&nbsp;Ke Chen,&nbsp;Ian D. Somerville,&nbsp;Mengxue Dai,&nbsp;Xiao Chen,&nbsp;Bin Hu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5079","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The southern margin of the Junggar Basin (SMJB) represents the typical intra-continental basin–orogen coupling structure of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt and is a key area to study the deformation mechanisms and the geodynamic evolution processes of the North Tianshan Orogen. Herein, we compiled data from boreholes, gravity and magnetism, seismicity- and magnetotellurics-derived geological profiles and field data to recover the sedimentary history of the SMJB and discuss the intra-continental deformation driven by the basin–orogen coupling mechanism. The results show that the sedimentary and tectonic evolution of the SMJB were both profoundly controlled by the intra-continental orogeny of the North Tianshan Orogen and its coupling with the Junggar Basin during the Meso-Cenozoic period. Consequently, the SMJB is dominated by thick-skinned thrust nappes accompanied with strike-slip faulting and thrusting. The foreland thrust belt of the SMJB is characterised by three structural belts, from south to north, including the basement-involved thrust belt, the cover-detached foreland thrust-fold belt and the thrusted foreland basement uplifts, respectively. Meanwhile, as indicated by the geometry of the basement thrusts, the thickness of décollements and the structure of the foreland basement, the stress field in the SMJB is obviously stronger in the west and weaker in the east. The sedimentation and deformation migrated northwards into the basin area in a stepwise process, that corresponded to the pace of the overthrusting of the North Tianshan Orogen onto the Junggar Block. Intense regional compression induced the rapid uplifting of the North Tianshan and the significant crustal shortening of the Junggar Block, driving the three structural belts to form accordingly during the Late Jurassic to the Neogene. There are at least one or two décollements within the SMJB, representing one of the main features of basin–orogen coupling structure in most cases. The décollement of some layers represents the decoupling of the sedimentary cover with the basement, which helps to accommodate the lateral crustal shortening of the SMJB by a translation into vertical uplift. As a result, the detached foreland thrust-fold belts in the shallow level of the upper crust overthrusted upon the basement-involved nappes of the mountain's side, forming the opposite thrust system. Coevally, the basement of the basin, in the deep level of the upper crust keeps underthrusting beneath the North Tianshan Orogen, forming a typical crocodile mouth-like structure. In general, both the shallow and deep deformation in the SMJB have been formed by the intense intra-continental compression during the Meso-Cenozoic, which were driven by the basin–orogen coupling mechanism.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3214-3239"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Singh R, Vadlamani R, Bajpai S, Maurya AS (2024) Strontium Isotope Stratigraphy of Marine Oligocene–Miocene Sedimentary Successions of Kutch Basin, Western India. Geological Journal, 1–20. DOI: 10.1002/gj.4961”","authors":"Pratul Kumar Saraswati,&nbsp;Gianluca Frijia,&nbsp;György Less","doi":"10.1002/gj.5069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5069","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This is a comment on the paper of Singh et al. (<i>Geological Journal</i>, 2024:1–20) on Strontium isotope stratigraphy of marine Oligocene–Miocene sedimentary successions of Kutch Basin, western India. Kutch hosts stratotypes of some lithostratigraphic and chronostratigraphic units of India. In this study, the Sr-isotope estimated ages of the studied formations deviate significantly from their known ages based on biostratigraphy. The authors have not validated the interpreted ages with biostratigraphy. We believe a scrupulous screening of samples and validation of Sr-isotope data with biostratigraphy are two essential requirements of Sr-isotope stratigraphy. Unfortunately, Singh et al. made a new contribution to Kutch stratigraphy that falls short of meeting both conditions, leading to incorrect ages of the regional chronostratigraphic units of India.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3377-3380"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serpentinised Mantle Section of Neoproterozoic Ophiolite at Al-Barramiya District, North Arabian-Nubian Shield: Tectono-Magmatic Evolution and Metamorphism","authors":"Bassam A. Abuamarah,&nbsp;Amany M. A. Seddik,&nbsp;Mokhles K. Azer,&nbsp;Yi-Xiang Chen,&nbsp;Mahmoud H. Darwish","doi":"10.1002/gj.5066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5066","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This research focuses on the field observations, petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemistry of the serpentinised peridotite of Al-Barramiya ophiolitic sequence to place constraints on their magmatic history and their geodynamic evolution. Al-Barramiya ophiolitic rocks are a dismembered ophiolite which was strongly deformed and metamorphosed under greenschist to lower amphibolite facies. They comprise a mantle section dominated by highly serpentinised peridotite with less metapyroxenite and chromitite, as well as a crustal portion represented by metagabbros. Along shear zones, the ophiolite sequence was affected by several types of alteration. Extensive carbonate alteration is common in the ultramafic section, resulted in talc carbonates, listvenites and magnesite, while rodingitisation is common in the metagabbro resulted in rodingite. Despite the extensive serpentinisation, some fresh relics of primary mantle minerals such as Cr-spinel, olivine and pyroxenes are preserved sporadically in the serpentinised peridotite. Few Cr-spinel crystals are sometimes surrounded by subhedral flakes of Cr-chlorite (kämmererite) that was formed due to replacement of Cr-spinel during later alteration or regional metamorphism. The serpentinite samples are depleted in the total REE (0.56–1.19 ppm) with slightly negative to slightly positive Eu anomalies (0.89–1.28). The fresh cores of Cr-spinel have Cr# mostly &gt; 60, and the relics of pyroxenes and olivine are Mg-rich suggesting that the Al-Barramiya serpentinites are residual to high degrees of melt extraction. The estimated degrees of partial melting range between 18.2% and 20.7%. All the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the ultramafic section of the Al-Barramiya ophiolites are most consistent with its formation in a fore-arc setting.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3335-3361"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional static reservoir modelling of Kareem sandstone reservoir, Tawilla Oil Field, at the southern region of Gulf of Suez, Egypt","authors":"Adel A. A. Othman,&nbsp;Mohamed Fathy,&nbsp;Mohamed E. Hashem","doi":"10.1002/gj.5048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5048","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Gulf of Suez, which contains Egypt's oldest oil fields, is one of North Africa's most well-known oil regions. There are more than 80 conventional oil fields in Egypt's Gulf of Suez, some of which have reservoirs that stretch back to the Precambrian and Quaternary. In close proximity to the southern entrance of the Gulf of Suez is the Tawilla West oilfield. The oil field Tawilla West is believed to consist of rotating fault blocks that descend in a south-west direction. The main producing reservoirs are the Miocene section reservoirs, the Belayim and Kareem sandstones. The current research is focusing on the structural elements affecting this giant field to update the field structural model using the newly processed 3D seismic survey, the acquired data from newly drilled wells and the associated different logging techniques. The seismic information quality varied from poor to fair. The quality of the interpreted stratigraphic horizons and geological faults was mainly controlled by the seismic information quality. The research used seismic attribute analyses to improve interpretation and incorporate additional features, enabling better hydrocarbon potential identification and characterization of the reservoirs. Several geological structure contour maps and cross-sections were generated to help in delineating and understanding the reservoir's extension. Based on the detailed correlation study, we were able to detect the faults that affected the structure of the Tawilla West field in detail, define their throw amounts and directions, and identify the missed sections across the studied area. This study introduces an updated model scenario to show the differences and their effect on the field development plan and recommendations. By examining subsurface geologic structural characteristics and evaluating petrophysical data, a 3D static reservoir model was created to resolve structural settings and hydrocarbon trapping, providing detailed information on the field and identifying new opportunities for future development. The research discovered that the updated detailed 3D structural model may support the Kareem Reservoir development plans and encourage drilling, workover and dynamic operations to assign development possibilities in the correct area. According to the established model, there are at least three options in the study's attic areas that might boost oil output and oil reserves for the field while avoiding further failures.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3258-3277"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary Environment of the Permian Marine Shale in the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough, Sichuan Basin, China: Implications for Organic Matter (OM) Accumulation","authors":"Tianfu Gu,&nbsp;Shijia Chen,&nbsp;Xiao Chen,&nbsp;Haofei Sun,&nbsp;Feisheng Mou,&nbsp;Jungang Lu,&nbsp;Xiangdong Yin,&nbsp;Lexin Yuan","doi":"10.1002/gj.5064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5064","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Permian shales in the Kaijiang-Liangping Trough within the Sichuan Basin represent a promising frontier for marine shale gas exploration, whereas there has been limited systematic research on their sedimentary environment and organic matter (OM) enrichment mechanisms. Therefore, we present total organic carbon (TOC) analysis, major/trace element analyses and scanning electron microscope experiments for the Permian marine shales from the trough to determine their paleoenvironmental conditions and influencing factors of OM enrichment. The results show that the paleoclimate changed from dry climate to humid and warm climate (P₃w¹ [the first member of the Wujiaping Formation]) and semi-humid to semi-arid climate (P₃w² [the second member of the Wujiaping Formation]) and P₃d-I (Dalong Formation-I) and then to arid climate again during the shale deposition period from the P₂g (Gufeng Formation) to the P₃d-II. The shales with the highest TOC contents (TOC &gt; 3%, P₃d-I and P₂g), lower TOC contents (TOC &lt; 1%, P₃w¹ and P₃w²) and higher TOC contents (1% &lt; TOC &lt; 2%, P₃d-II) were formed under the control of anoxic environment and high paleoproductivity, oxic-suboxic environment and high paleoproductivity, anoxic-euxinic environment and lower productivity, respectively. Only appropriate sedimentation rates promote OM enrichment. Terrestrial input, paleoclimate, volcanic activity and hydrothermal upwelling mainly indirectly affect OM accumulation by influencing paleoproductivity. The degree of redox conditions is the primary factor affecting OM enrichment, followed by paleoproductivity. Nonetheless, anoxic to euxinic environments are most appropriate for OM preservation. Weak volcanic activity can boost paleoproductivity, but severe volcanic activity might introduce excessive harmful compounds that limit organism survival, resulting in a fall in paleoproductivity. Additionally, element P brought by volcanic ashes doesn't contribute to OM accumulation.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3310-3334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesite hosted by the Neoarchean ultramafic rocks in Attappadi, southern India: Insights from spectral and stable isotope investigation","authors":"A Haritha,&nbsp;Asif Iqbal Kakkassery,&nbsp;V. J. Rajesh,&nbsp;Sanjeev Kumar,&nbsp;Mohamed Zaki Khedr","doi":"10.1002/gj.5020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Magnesite is an economically important mineral commonly found in ultramafic complexes worldwide, primarily in Archean to Proterozoic ultramafic complexes. This study focuses on the chemical and spectral characterization of magnesite found in the Neoarchean ultramafic rocks in the Attappadi region in the Southern Granulite Terrane of southern India. The research utilizes x-ray diffraction analysis, hyperspectral, laser Raman, Fourier Transform Infrared, and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry. The studied ultramafic rocks are part of a well-exposed ophiolitic suite known as the Agali ophiolitic complex. Magnesite primarily occurs as veins, veinlets, and lenses within weathered ultramafic rocks. The hyperspectral analysis of the magnesite samples shows absorption bands in the shortwave infrared region, particularly around 2.3 and 2.5 μm, which correspond to the stretching and bending of the C<span></span>O bond in the (CO₃)²⁻ ion in MgCO₃. The laser Raman spectra show intensity peaks at 1095, 738, and 330 cm⁻¹, which may be attributed to the translational and librational vibrations. The Fourier transform infrared data reveal transmittance at 1434, 880, and 747 cm⁻¹, corresponding to Mg<span></span>O bond stretching and asymmetrical C<span></span>O stretching. The x-ray powder diffraction spectra exhibit diffraction peaks at 32°, 35°, 42°, 46° and 53°, characteristic of pure magnesite. The spectroscopic parameters derived from various analyses indicate that the magnesite is high quality and free from gangue minerals. Stable isotope analysis of the magnesite samples yielded δ¹³C values ranging from −5‰ to −9‰ and δ¹⁸O values in the range of 21‰–25‰. The estimated water temperature from which the magnesite has been precipitated is ~59 ± 3.9°C. Based on the field relations, mode of occurrence and isotopic signatures, the mineralization is considered to have been formed by the low-temperature alteration of ultramafic rocks facilitated by CO₂-rich fluids in the near-surface environment. This study compares the characteristics of magnesite from the study area with a few Neoproterozoic serpentinite-hosted magnesite veins in the ophiolitic sequence of the Egyptian Eastern Desert, which is part of the Arabian Nubian shield. The research aims to contribute to understanding magnesite formation in Archaean to Proterozoic mafic–ultramafic rocks on the Earth's crust. It also provides insights into the geological processes that govern the genesis of ultramafic-hosted magnesite globally, particularly in East Gondwana fragments. This information can enhance mineral exploration and resource evaluation in these regions, helping to identify economic prospects and assess the feasibility of magnesite resource extraction and utilization in East Gondwana fragments.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3240-3257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142758748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing Groundwater Vulnerability to Pollution in a Rapidly Urbanizing River Basin Using a Modified DRASTIC Land Use–Lineament Density Method","authors":"Tsnat Tsegay,&nbsp;Behailu Birhanu,&nbsp;Tilahun Azagegn,&nbsp;Biniyam Tesfaw Hailu,&nbsp;Tenalem Ayenew","doi":"10.1002/gj.5059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Groundwater quality assessment is crucial for ensuring safe drinking water, protecting public health, and maintaining sustainable water resources for agricultural and industrial uses. The Awash River basin faces significant groundwater quality challenges due to rapid population growth, high urbanization, large-scale irrigation, and industrial pollution. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the intrinsic vulnerability of aquifers to pollution in the Awash Basin and identify hotspots requiring urgent intervention using a modified DRASTIC overlay analysis method. In addition to the seven parameters considered in the generic DRASTIC overlay analysis (depth to the water table, recharge, aquifer media, slope, soil media, vadose zone, and hydraulic conductivity), we incorporated land use/land-cover (LULC) and lineament density (LD) distributions (DRASTIC-LU-LD). This modification allowed us to produce more realistic groundwater vulnerability maps for the basin. To identify the most influential parameters in the overlay, sensitivity analysis was conducted using Map Removal Sensitivity Analysis (MRSA) and Single Parameter Sensitivity Analysis (SPSA). Initially, the generic DRASTIC index in the area ranges from 69 to 181, categorizing the area into four vulnerability zones: very low (21%), low (51%), medium (27%), and high (1%). After incorporating LU and LD, the index values ranged from 90 to 240. Based on the percentage of the total area studied, the inclusion of LU decreased the very low and low vulnerability zones from 72% to 44% and the inclusion of LD increased the high- and very-high-vulnerability zones from 14% to 27%. The areas most vulnerable to groundwater pollution are in the western (upper Awash), middle Awash, and northwestern regions, particularly in city centers where groundwater abstraction is significant. These high-vulnerability zones coincide with municipal, industrial, and agricultural pollution sources. The vadose zone parameter has the highest impact in both MRSA and SPSA, with a variation index value of 3.08% and a mean effective weight of 27.93%, respectively. By identifying areas vulnerable to groundwater pollution, this study provides a valuable basis for informed decision-making and the development of effective strategies for protecting groundwater from urban, industrial, and agricultural pollution sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3278-3295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gj.5059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Charting Sustainable Future on Energy Security, Financial Development, Natural Resources and Economic Output for Turkey","authors":"Mustafa Necati Coban,&nbsp;Zafer Adali,&nbsp;Oktay Ozkan,&nbsp;Andrew Adewale Alola","doi":"10.1002/gj.5063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.5063","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The achievement of 16 out of the 123 sustainable development goals (SDGs) indicates the vast task ahead for Turkey. Addressing the aspects of ecological sustainability via the trend of the ratio of biocapacity to ecological footprint, this study seeks to examine whether energy security, financial development, natural resources and economic expansion drive Turkey's load capacity factor. By implementing quantile-on-quantile and its Granger causality dimension, the results largely affirm the statistically significant effect of energy security on the load capacity factor in all quantiles. Although this impact is weak, it is significantly positive, thus indicating that the country's energy security profile is advancing its ecological sustainability. Similarly, globalization positively impacts the load capacity factor by a strong dimension. Conversely, financial development and economic growth exert a significant but negative effect on the load capacity factor in most quantiles, which reflects the undesirability of these indicators on the country's environmental sustainability drive. Specifically, the negative effects of financial development and economic output on the load capacity factor are mainly in the middle to higher quantiles (0.4–0.95) and lowest quantiles (0.05–0.3), respectively. The results of this study can guide the development of intuitive and robust energy efficiency and energy security-related policies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 12","pages":"3296-3309"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gj.5063","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142762281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}