Geological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Hydrocarbon Accumulation Characteristics and Resource Potential Evaluation in Deep Carbonate Rock Petroleum System: A Case Study of the Sinian–Cambrian System in the Sichuan Basin, Southwest China","authors":"Huiyi Xiao,&nbsp;Xiongqi Pang,&nbsp;Dingye Zheng,&nbsp;Changrong Li,&nbsp;Tao Hu,&nbsp;Zhiming Xiong,&nbsp;Caijun Li,&nbsp;Jiwang Yu,&nbsp;Kanyuan Shi,&nbsp;Yao Hu,&nbsp;Ziying Zhang","doi":"10.1002/gj.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Hydrocarbons within a petroleum system exhibit a symbiotic relationship and an orderly distribution pattern. However, previous studies have largely overlooked the hydrocarbons derived from carbonate source rocks and their accumulation processes. In this study, a quantitative model of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion from over-mature source rocks was established using the data-driven hydrocarbon potential method. Subsequently, the accumulation processes and resource potential of these hydrocarbons were systematically evaluated. The results indicate that the source rocks of the Qiongzhusi and Dengying formations contain total organic carbon contents of 1.86% and 2.00%, respectively. The kerogen is predominantly Type I. The hydrocarbon generation and hydrocarbon expulsion thresholds are 0.5% Ro and 0.72% Ro, respectively. The evaluated resources of conventional gas, tight gas, shale gas and residual carbonate gas are 1668.2 × 10¹² m³, 2809.5 × 10¹² m³, 461.1 × 10¹² m³ and 1201.0 × 10¹² m³, respectively. After hydrocarbons are expelled from source rocks, conventional gas is formed through the cracking of the paleo-reservoir and accumulates in the uplift. The formation of tight gas on slopes is characterised by significant reservoir compaction. Residual gas remains trapped in the source rock, where carbonate exhibits a strong capacity to retain hydrocarbons.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3249-3263"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pore Structure Characterisation and Reservoir Classification of Dense Conglomerate Reservoirs Based on Image Segmentation and Machine Learning","authors":"Peng Zhu,&nbsp;Jianjun Guo,&nbsp;Tong Ma,&nbsp;Jinhao Chen,&nbsp;Tianyu Liu,&nbsp;Qin Xu,&nbsp;Nijia Jisi","doi":"10.1002/gj.70135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70135","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pore structure characterisation and reservoir classification evaluation play a crucial role in the development of tight conglomerate reservoirs. Accurate characterisation of pore size, connectivity, spatial distribution, and pore-throat features enables in-depth investigation of reservoir storage capacity and fluid flow mechanisms. Reservoir classification based on pore structure and petrophysical parameters effectively identifies reservoir zones and optimises development strategies. The conglomerate reservoirs in the Lower Wuerhe Formation of Block 8, Karamay Oilfield, typically exhibit strong heterogeneity, complex pore structures, and diverse depositional environments, making conventional pore structure characterisation and reservoir evaluation extremely challenging. To address this, this study integrates image segmentation and machine learning to establish a novel approach for pore structure analysis and reservoir classification. Images obtained from cast thin sections are processed through denoising and segmentation, and pore structure parameters are successfully extracted using the two-point correlation function and point-counting statistics. Based on these parameters, machine learning models—including back propagation (BP) neural network, RLSMOTE-XGBoost (RLSMOTE-XGB), and support vector machine (SVM)—are employed to achieve accurate reservoir classification. Field application of this methodology has yielded significant results, demonstrating that the proposed classification and evaluation framework enhances both development efficiency and economic performance of the oilfield.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3203-3219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanism of Thermogenic Gas Formation From the Cracking of Oil-Kerogen of the Lower Cretaceous Organic-Rich Shales in the Lower Indus Basin, Pakistan: Implication From Geochemical and 1-D Basin Modelling Analysis","authors":"Adeeb Ahmed,&nbsp;Tahseenullah Khan,&nbsp;Khairul Azlan Mustapha,&nbsp;Mohammed Hail Hakimi,&nbsp;Samina Jahandad,&nbsp;Ali Y. Kahal,&nbsp;Muhammad Asif Khan,&nbsp;S. M. Talha Qadri","doi":"10.1002/gj.70129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Organic-rich shale facies of the Lower Cretaceous Sembar Formation in the Lower Indus Basin, southern Pakistan, was studied to assess the original organic matter (OM) input and depositional environment, and to anticipate the impact of thermal maturity levels on the thermogenic gas formation from oil-to-gas conversion. The Sembar shales exhibit high total organic carbon (TOC) and sulphur concentrations, with TOC/S ratios exceeding 1 in dominant samples, suggesting deposition under low-oxygenated marine environmental conditions. The organic carbon enrichment in Sembar shale facies is attributed to low-oxygen depositional settings combined with extended intervals of warm-water conditions. Molecular biomarker evidence such as abundant tricyclic terpanes, and a higher proportion of C₂₇ regular steranes relative to their C₂₈ and C₂₉ homologues indicates that the OM within the Sembar shale facies is predominantly sourced from marine algae and bacteria, with minor terrigenous land plant input. This high abundance of aquatic organisms in Sembar shale facies indicates that hydrogen-rich Types II and II/III kerogen were the original OM input during deposition. This finding contradicts the current measured low hydrogen index (HI) values, between 2 mg HC/g TOC and 138 mg HC/g TOC, indicative of predominantly Types III and IV kerogen in the studied exploration wells. This drastic alteration of the original hydrogen-rich OM is interpreted as thermal overprinting, wherein the hydrogen-rich kerogen underwent extensive transformation under elevated maturity levels, ranging from the late oil window to the gas generation window, as supported by Easy%Ro values exceeding 1.35. These elevated maturity levels led to high transformation of hydrogen-rich kerogen into oil, followed by the cracking of oil into thermogenic gas, with ratios of more than 80% and up to 98% from the Late Cretaceous to the Late Miocene and continuing to the present day. Consequently, these findings highlight the Sembar shale as a promising target for unconventional gas development within the deeper stratigraphic intervals of the Lower Indus Basin.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3108-3135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Late Pliocene Palynoflora From Songliao Basin and Its Palaeoenvironmental Significance","authors":"Zenglian Xu,&nbsp;Minqiang Cao,&nbsp;Chao Tang,&nbsp;Jialin Wei,&nbsp;Lulu Chen","doi":"10.1002/gj.70137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic study of spores and pollen grains from the Pliocene Taikang Formation in the Longwantong Sag provides comprehensive insights into paleovegetation and paleoclimate changes, offering robust evidence for the paleoenvironmental evolution of the Songliao Basin since the Pliocene. Three distinct sporopollen assemblages were identified: (1) <i>Artemisiaepollenites</i>-<i>Chenopodipollis</i>-<i>Pinuspollenites</i>, (2) <i>Pinuspollenites–Piceaepollenites–Quercoidites,</i> and (3) <i>Artemisiaepollenites</i>-<i>Chenopodipollis</i>-<i>Pinuspollenites</i>-<i>Polypodiaceaesporites</i>. Based on the geological ranges of key taxa and comparisons with contemporaneous sporopollen assemblages from other regions, these deposits are confidently dated to the Late Pliocene. Our reconstruction reveals that the Longwantong area underwent three major vegetation transitions during the Late Pliocene from sparse forest-steppe to coniferous forest and back to sparse forest-steppe, corresponding to climatic fluctuations between cold/dry, cold/wet, and cold/dry conditions. The overall dry and cold climate change is a response to the global climate after 2.8 Ma.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3234-3248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation and Development Characteristics of Pore Structure in a Canyon Channel System Controlled by Multiple River Source Inputs: A Case Study in LDX Area of the Western South China Sea","authors":"Jingchao Luo,&nbsp;Jianping Yan,&nbsp;Maojie Liao,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Qiu,&nbsp;Jun Wang,&nbsp;Qinhong Hu","doi":"10.1002/gj.70125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70125","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The LDX area in the Yinggehai Basin hosts canyon channel reservoirs in the Huangliu Formation's Second Member, characterised by high temperatures, pressures and multi-phase fluid influx, complicating pore structure evaluation. An integrated approach combining petrophysical measurements, thin section analysis, mineralogy, electron microscopy, granulometry and well-log data was used to study compositional and structural impacts on pore networks. Key findings include: (1) Two high-permeability pore types, linked to large pores and good sorting or strong dissolution; (2) Improved rock volume modelling using RT, DEN and CNL logging enhances calcite correlation and mineral content accuracy; (3) The median particle size (<i>M</i>) inversion model based on the classification of particle size sample has high precision, and the sorting coefficient (<i>S</i>o) is segmentally correlated with <i>M</i>; (4) The pore structure type recognition model, based on the feature fusion of skeleton knowledge-driven and diagenetic sensitivity curves by multi-modal learning, has good continuous recognition ability in well profiles and (5) High-quality pores dominate thick sandstone at the base, while the middle section is poorer, with some quality pores in the east branch and canyon intersection during the top stage. This study enables continuous pore structure evaluation and summarises development patterns under multi-source canyon systems, advancing understanding of pore evolution and reservoir impacts in the LDX area.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3037-3059"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Natural Disasters and Financial Technology (FINTECH) Facilitate Trade in Low-Carbon Energy Source Technologies? An Empirical Evaluation From OECD Economies","authors":"Nazife Özge Beşer,&nbsp;Meral Çabaş,&nbsp;Said Khalfa Brika,&nbsp;Abdulkadir Barut,&nbsp;Abdel-Aziz Ahmad Sharabati","doi":"10.1002/gj.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Countries around the world are taking various measures to combat climate change. Low-carbon energy technology development can significantly assist in addressing this issue. However, due to having fewer resources, not all countries can produce low-carbon energy and have to rely on the trade of low-carbon energy resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of low-carbon energy technology trade (LOWT) in 36 Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries between 2010 and 2020, and to examine the role of financial technology (FinTech) in this trade in particular. To this end, control variables such as natural disasters, per capita income, population, and institutional quality were also included in the model. Three different methods were used in the empirical analysis: System Generalised Method of Moments (System GMM), machine learning, and moment-based quantile regression panel method (MMQREG). These methods allow for the examination of both dynamic dependence and heterogeneous effects at the quantile level. The findings of the study show that the adoption of financial technology increases trade in low-carbon energy sources in OECD countries. The effects of other variables, such as natural disasters, were also found to be positive for participation in low-carbon energy trade, while institutional quality, income, and population improve this trade. However, according to the MMQREG estimate, population and institutional quality are not significant in higher percentiles. In light of these results, policymakers are advised to support FinTech-based green finance instruments and reduce trade barriers to low-carbon technologies. This approach is consistent with the Paris Climate Agreement and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) (particularly SDG 7: Affordable and Clean Energy, SDG 16: Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3220-3233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic Mechanical Behaviour and Energy Evolution of Coal Measure Sandstone and Implications for Coalbed Methane Development","authors":"Zhuoyuan Ma,&nbsp;Shu Tao,&nbsp;Shida Chen,&nbsp;Yi Cui,&nbsp;Qinghe Jing,&nbsp;Wei He,&nbsp;Jie Guo,&nbsp;Lianfu Hai","doi":"10.1002/gj.70130","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.70130","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Triaxial loading and unloading tests on sandstone samples were conducted under various stress paths to investigate the mechanical properties and energy evolution during rock deformation. The results show a positive correlation between the peak strength and peak strain of sandstone and confining pressure. Both the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio also increase with confining pressure. Notably, the peak strength and peak strain are minimised under conditions of constant axial stress (CAS) while unloading confining pressure (UCP). For different stress paths, sandstone primarily stores elastic energy with minimal energy dissipation during the initial loading stage, while the proportion of dissipated energy increases with rising confining pressure. During the weakening stage, the threshold value gradually decreases to below 80%, leading to a gradual transformation from rock brittleness to ductility. Under conventional triaxial compression (CTC), rock failure predominantly occurs through shear failure. In the involving increasing axial stress (IAS) while UCP test, a complex tensile-shear mixed failure mode is observed, whereas no main shear plane forms under CAS-UCP. Sandstone predominantly undergoes tensile failure under cyclic loading and unloading (CLU). Additionally, an increased loading rate inhibits the initiation and propagation of internal cracks in sandstone at the early stage but promotes damage during the damage development and accelerated development stages. Therefore, hydraulic fracturing design must concurrently account for both tensile and shear fracture mechanisms, with precision optimisation of operational parameters to maximise fracture network complexity.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3136-3155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147899213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genesis of the Xihuashan Au Deposit in Haiyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, NW China: Evidence From Trace Elements and Stable Isotopes","authors":"Hujun He,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yichen Zhao,&nbsp;Xingke Yang,&nbsp;Zhaodong Wang","doi":"10.1002/gj.70121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70121","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The Xihuashan Au-Cu deposit is among the important polymetallic metallogenic prospects discovered in recent years in Haiyuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. There is strong tectonic activity and mineralisation of Au, Cu, Pb and Ag in the study area, so this deposit is a typical polymetallic mineralised concentration zone. To investigate the nature and origin of the ore-forming fluids and the genesis of the deposit in the Xihuashan Au deposit, a comprehensive study was conducted on the rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements, and H<span></span>O<span></span>S isotopes of the ore-bearing lamprophyres and ores in the study area. The results show that the ore-bearing lamprophyres have the total rare earth element (ΣREE) contents ranging from 84.77 × 10⁻⁶ to 461.01 × 10⁻⁶, the light rare earth element (LREE) contents ranging from 64.50 × 10⁻⁶ to 424.81 × 10⁻⁶, the heavy rare earth element (HREE) contents ranging from 20.27 × 10⁻⁶ to 36.20 × 10⁻⁶, the δEu values range from 0.62 to 0.98, and the δCe values range from 0.86 to 1.00. These suggest a multi-source origin for these lamprophyres. The δD_V-SMOW values of hydrothermal quartz range from −72‰ to −92‰, and the δ¹⁸O_fluid values range from 6.7‰ to 12.0‰, indicating that the ore-forming fluids are multi-sourced. Furthermore, the S isotope results imply that the ore-forming materials are largely derived from magmatic sources, with a minor contribution from the wall rocks. Based on the geological evolution of the North Qilian orogenic belt, the intense tectonic-magmatic activity during the late Caledonian period—closely associated with gold mineralisation—provided a crucial heat source and energy. This activity triggered the mobilisation, migration and subsequent enrichment of siliceous and mineralised components from the Haiyuan Group. These components were ultimately concentrated within NE- and nearly E–W-trending transtensional fault zones. After the formation of the earliest mineralised quartz veins, decreasing temperature and pressure, along with ongoing mineralisation, alteration and tectonic activities, led to the fragmentation of the initially formed quartz veins. Subsequent magma differentiation resulted in late-stage mineralisation, accompanied by the emplacement of lamprophyre veins and the formation of new mineralised quartz veins. The gold-mineralizing elements underwent multistage enrichment from different sources to form different types of gold mineralisation. Compared with a typical orogenic gold deposit, the Xihuashan Au deposit is a product of orogenic movement in the North Qilian orogenic belt and is an orogenic-type Au deposit.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"2961-2977"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Renewable Energy Investments Alleviate Energy Poverty in China? Evidence From the Affordable and Clean Energy Framework","authors":"Sinan Erdogan,&nbsp;Emre Gokceli,&nbsp;Guray Akalin","doi":"10.1002/gj.70123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) give significance to alleviating energy poverty (EP), the former literature is considerably silent on how renewable energy investments (REI), which are vital in providing clean and reliable energy and ensuring a sustainable development path, impact EP in China, one of the most prominent countries in renewable energy. Therefore, the primary objective of this study is to uncover time-, frequency- and quantile-based interactions between REI and EP in China from 2004 M1 to 2020 M6 using various EP indicators by utilising Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) and Quantile-on-Quantile Regression (QQR) as a baseline estimator, while Quantile Regression (QR) is utilised as robustness checks. The empirical results denote that (i) there is a time- and frequency-dependent interaction between REI and EP. (ii) REI can alleviate EP by fostering access to primary energy, electricity and clean energy technologies. (iii) The EP-alleviating impact of REI through increasing access to electricity is more dominant. (iv) Robustness checks denote that empirical findings are robust. Chinese policymakers could prevalently use REI as an effective tool for alleviating EP and achieving SDG-7.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3005-3020"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149099813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Environmental Sustainability Through Wind Energy, Green Technology, and Fintech: A Quantile Perspective From Germany's Low-Carbon Transition","authors":"Hind Alofaysan,&nbsp;Kamel Si Mohammed","doi":"10.1002/gj.70127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/gj.70127","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The current study examines the role of Fintech, wind energy, and green technology in determining environmental suitability in Germany from 2000 to 2024. The study employs time series econometric methods to estimate the Quantile-on-Quantile (QQR) regression and Quantile regression (QR) techniques. The positive effects of wind production, FinTech, Natural Resources, and green technology on environmental sustainability, particularly at higher quantiles, are evident in Germany's comprehensive portrayal of sustainable development. The study recommends investing in technological innovation and increasing wind energy investment to achieve environmental sustainability in Germany.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"61 10","pages":"3079-3092"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2026-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gj.70127","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149100108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}