Geological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Relating differential crustal architecture to passive margin evolution: A case study from the Colatina Fracture Zone (SE Brazil) using apatite fission-track thermochronology","authors":"Deniro Felipe Gonçalves Costa,&nbsp;Ana Fonseca,&nbsp;Johan de Grave,&nbsp;Tiago Novo","doi":"10.1002/gj.5027","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Colatina Fracture Zone (CFZ) defines a distinct NNW–SSE-oriented linear zone of fractures and brittle faults that represents an inherited weak zone in the current crustal structure of the (Pre)Cambrian Araçuaí Orogen. In the Early Cretaceous, the CFZ was reactivated during rifting of West Gondwana and subsequent opening of the South Atlantic Ocean, as evidenced by the emplacement of dykes along its structural network and the development of major depocentres of the Campos Basin in the offshore segments of the CFZ. Previous thermochronological studies have demonstrated that the CFZ was also rejuvenated during the drift phase of the South Atlantic. However, a number of questions regarding differential surface uplift and basement exhumation between the CFZ and its surrounding areas, such as the Doce River Valley (DRV), are still unresolved. In this study, we aim to investigate the CFZ as a distinctive structure in the tectonic rejuvenation of the passive margin of south-east Brazil. Samples from the CFZ and the DRV were collected for apatite fission-track (AFT) analyses. In the DRV, samples yield AFT central ages from 87 to 97 Ma with mean track lengths (MTL) from 12.6 to 13.3 μm. In contrast, in the CFZ, AFT central ages from 70 to 83 Ma with MTL values from 13.2 and 13.4 μm are obtained. The correlation between AFT age and elevation suggests that the tectonic development of these regions was markedly different and uncoupled. The thermal history models from the AFT data further constrain this differential evolution. On the one hand, thermal history modelling for the DRV indicates a slower and protracted cooling since the incipient Atlantic rifting in the Early Cretaceous. On the other hand, the models for CFZ reveal a rapid cooling phase between the Late Cretaceous to the Palaeocene. In the DRV, the observed basement cooling was most probably triggered by erosion of the uplifted rift shoulder generated by Gondwana break-up. The more recent, Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene rock cooling, localized in the CFZ, was synchronous with a major phase of the Andean orogeny. This suggests that reactivations and erosional exhumation of the CFZ basement could be a consequence of far-field propagation of intraplate compressional stress. The higher susceptibility of the CFZ to reactivating over its surroundings shows that structural inheritance is a key factor in the differential tectonic evolution of passive margins. Further research on the Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene reactivation in the CFZ's offshore extension may be crucial for the exploitation of hydrocarbons in the Campos and Espírito Santos basins.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"2789-2802"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous distribution pattern and the origin of the high-velocity layer in the Pearl River Mouth Basin in the northern South China Sea: Constraints by gravity modelling","authors":"Qinglong Zhu,&nbsp;Junjiang Zhu,&nbsp;Xingquan Chen,&nbsp;Yuhan Jiao,&nbsp;Xiaoxiao Ding,&nbsp;Zhengyuan Liu,&nbsp;Sanzhong Li,&nbsp;Yongjiang Liu,&nbsp;Xuelin Qiu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5021","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The high-velocity layer in the lower crust is widely distributed in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. A detailed anatomy of the high-velocity layer is crucial for understanding the continental rifting and crustal thinning. Based on three seismic reflection profiles across the Pearl River Mouth Basin (PRMB) and the global free-air gravity anomaly data in this study, by the gravity modelling we construct the crustal structure along three seismic reflection profiles across the depression and uplift zones. The free-air gravity anomaly data within the uplift and depression zones indicates the distinct zonation, and the high and low values of free-air gravity anomalies in the basin show the northeastward trend. Based on the gravity modelling along the three seismic profiles, the crustal thickness is of 12–23 km beneath the basin and thickness of the crust is gradually thinning from the continental shelf to the continental slope. The high-velocity layer extends eastward to the Dongsha Uplift and terminates westward beneath the Baiyun Sag. The average thickness of the high-velocity layer is 4–6 km and the maximum thickness is about 8 km at the Dongsha Uplift. The thickness variation of the high-velocity layer suggests the continuous distribution of mantle underplating and intense magma activity. According to the isolated distribution and the continuous distribution of the high-velocity layer found by previous studies in the northern South China Sea, we use gravity modelling to test which models of the high-velocity layer within the PRMB are reasonable. According to testing models and preferred models of the crustal structure by gravity modelling, we propose that the continuous distribution pattern of the high-velocity layer is the best model to interpret the crustal thinning characteristics and the gravity anomaly responses of the high-velocity layer in the basin. We propose that the high-velocity layer in the Pearl River Mouth Basin was formed by the long-term underplating of the high-temperature melted mantle.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"60 2","pages":"253-271"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141781303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kerguelen mantle plume activity in Sylhet Trap mafic rocks of Southern Shillong Plateau, NE India: Implications for its role in magmatism of eastern India","authors":"Manoj Kumar,&nbsp;A. Krishnakanta Singh,&nbsp;R. K. Bikramaditya,&nbsp;N. Surdas Singh,&nbsp;S. Imtisunep","doi":"10.1002/gj.5013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mantle plumes related to Large Igneous Provinces have been linked to continental break-up and validated by the outpouring of mafic-ultramafic magmas that range from continental flood basalt magmatism to submarine plateau volcanism. This study presents a new set of geochemical and mineralogical data on mafic magmatic rocks from the Sylhet Trap of the Shillong Plateau, northeast India. The investigated mafic rocks (basalt and dolerite) are predominantly sub-alkaline-tholeiitic, composed of bytownite+labradorite and diopside+augite, with ophitic to sub-ophitic and glomeroporphyritic textures, the dark interstitial region of much finer grains consisting of opaque minerals and devitrified glass. The mafic rocks of Sylhet Trap show light rare earth elements enrichment with (La/Yb)_N ratio (1.92–2.86) and (La/Sm)_N ratio (1.11–1.40), an almost flat pattern of heavy rare earth elements along with mild europium anomalies (Eu/Eu*= 0.94–1.11). Trace element characteristics suggest their affinity towards enriched mid-oceanic ridge basalt and generated from low degree of partial melting of spinel source with minor involvement of crustal contamination. The similarity in geochemical characteristics of the investigated mafic rocks with the magmatism of Rajmahal Traps, eastern Peninsular India, Abor Volcanics, eastern Himalaya, along with Bunbury Basalt of western Australia and Cona Mafic exposed in southeastern Tibet, suggests their genetic linkage with mantle plume activities. Thus, we argue that the magmatic event of the Sylhet Trap is related to the Kerguelen mantle plume activity that played a significant role in the fragmentation of eastern Gondwana during the Lower Cretaceous period, giving rise to Greater India, Antarctica and northwest Australia.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 8","pages":"2243-2265"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential evolution of pore fluid pressure in the Sinian carbonate reservoirs of the central and eastern Sichuan Basin, China: Implication for gas preservation and destruction","authors":"Jiaxu Chen,&nbsp;Changwei Chen,&nbsp;Zhiliang He,&nbsp;Xiaowen Guo,&nbsp;Huahui Zhu,&nbsp;Ze Tao,&nbsp;Tao Luo,&nbsp;Dianwei Zhang,&nbsp;Ziming Sun","doi":"10.1002/gj.5023","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5023","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Trillions of cubic meters of gas reserve have been found in the Sinian Dengying carbonate reservoirs with normal pressure in the central Sichuan Basin, while no industrial gas reservoir have been detected in the Sinian Dengying reservoir with normal pressure in the eastern Sichuan Basin. The pore fluid pressure of gas reservoir is usually closely related to total gas content. To investigate the pore fluid pressure evolution and its implication for gas reserve preservation in the Sinian Dengying reservoir of the central and eastern Sichuan Basin, we conducted a comprehensive analysis including fluid inclusion petrography, microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy. The timings of gas inclusions captured in the central and eastern Sichuan Basin occurred from 175 to 92 Ma and 191 to 183 Ma, respectively. The presence of two-phase vapour-solid bitumen inclusions with similar phase proportions in a single fluid inclusion assemblage of fluorite provides direct evidence of in situ oil cracking to gas. The widespread solid bitumen from the Sinian Dengying reservoir in the central Sichuan Basin indicates the existence of massive oil cracking, which results in the formation of overpressure in the reservoir. Pore fluid pressure evolution of the Sinian Dengying reservoir of the central Sichuan Basin experiences normal pressure stage (200–155 Ma), overpressure development stage (155–90 Ma) and overpressure release stage (90–0 Ma). The maximum pore fluid pressure and its corresponding pressure coefficient of the Sinian Dengying reservoir of the central Sichuan Basin are approximately 141.4 MPa and 1.95, respectively. The overpressure development stage reflects the processes of oil cracking and gas accumulation, and the overpressure release stage reflects the dissipation of some natural gas in the Sinian Dengying reservoir of the central Sichuan Basin. The pore fluid pressure of the Sinian Dengying reservoir in the eastern Sichuan Basin has maintained at normal pressure since 200 Ma, indicating that the gas reservoir was small during the oil cracking stage and natural gas completely leaked due to tectonic uplift.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"2720-2739"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141743743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic reliability evaluation of TBM components in tunnel construction","authors":"Yue Xiong,&nbsp;Peng Lin,&nbsp;Zhenhao Xu,&nbsp;Youbo Liu","doi":"10.1002/gj.5007","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The complex geological conditions in tunnels pose a huge challenge to the reliability of tunnel boring machine (TBM). However, existing reliability studies typically focus on core structures such as cutters and cutterheads, with less consideration given to the rest of the components that frequently fail. In this study, the reliability analysis and dynamic evaluation of TBM components with high failure rates are carried out relying on the Shanxi Central Yellow River Diversion Project. The life distribution and reliability variation characteristics of TBM components under different rock mass classes are investigated in terms of tunnelling time and tunnelling distance as two types of life data indexes. And the life index which is more suitable for the reliability evaluation of TBM components is identified by comparison. On this basis, a dynamic evaluation method for the reliability of TBM components under the condition of multi-classes surrounding rock is proposed. This method can quickly evaluate the current reliability of TBM components and serve as the basis for preventive maintenance. The results of this study play a certain role in supplementing the reliability research of TBM and also provide a scientific basis for optimizing the design and maintenance strategy of TBM components.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 9","pages":"2594-2608"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical investigation on ground and structure response of ancient site in complex strata caused by groundwater fluctuation and rainfall","authors":"Wengang Zhang,&nbsp;Shuo Wang,&nbsp;Siwei Jiang,&nbsp;Chunxia Chen,&nbsp;Weixin Sun","doi":"10.1002/gj.5019","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5019","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As more and more ancient sites are discovered around the world, protecting them in situ has become a challenge due to issues such as ground settlement and masonry wall leaks caused by groundwater fluctuation or rainfall. In this study, laboratory tests, borehole tests and field high-density resistivity detections are conducted to obtain information for numerical modelling, including design parameters. A complex three-dimensional hydrological–mechanical coupling model is then established to investigate ground settlement and wall deformation caused by groundwater fluctuation and rainfall. The seepage simulation results for the initial state are accurately verified by high-density resistivity imaging. Both measured data and numerical results indicate that changes in a single water head point mainly result in wall settlement. The pattern of wall deformation changes from settlement to lateral deformation with an increase in the drawdown rate of groundwater level. Furthermore, delayed rainfall and high-intensity rainfall can increase foundation settlement and wall deformation. Settlement deformation determines the upper limit of the global deformation when wall nodes are mainly affected. In contrast, if lateral spreading dominates wall deformation, it determines the lower limit of the global deformation. This study provides reference for in situ protection and foundation reinforcement of ancient sites.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 9","pages":"2623-2637"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141647753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shale gas-bearing capacity and its controlling factors of Wufeng–Longmaxi formations in northern Guizhou, China","authors":"Taotao Cao,&nbsp;Hao Xue,&nbsp;Anyang Pan,&nbsp;Juanyi Xiao,&nbsp;Gaofei Ning","doi":"10.1002/gj.5026","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Great progress has been made in marine shale gas of Wufeng–Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin. However, shale gas exploration in the complex structural belt around the Sichuan Basin still faces great challenges. In this study, shales of Wufeng–Longmaxi formations collected from the northern Guizhou were taken as the studied target, organic matter (OM) characteristics, mineral composition, pore structure, methane adsorption capacity and in situ desorption gas content were measured, and the controlling factors of shale gas content were further discussed. The results indicated that the sedimentary facies of Wufeng–Longmaxi formations in north Guizhou varies from shallow-water shelf facies to deep-water shelf facies from south to north, and organic-rich shales are primarily distributed in Daozhen-Xishui areas, with a maximum thickness of about 80–100 m. Organic-rich shales are characterized by high total organic carbon (TOC) content, high thermal maturation and type I–II₁ kerogens, which can be comparable with those in commercially produced shale gas field in Sichuan Basin. High-quality shale gas reservoirs generally have a high content of brittle minerals, making them easier to be fractured. OM pores are the dominanted pore type in the studied shales, followed by intergranular pores associated with brittle minerals, dissolution pores within carbonate grains and microcracks, while clay mineral-related pores are poorly developed. The Wufeng–Longmaxi Formation shales generally have strong methane adsorption capacities, but these vary greatly across different areas. Shale gas adsorption capacity is primarily controlled by TOC content and thermal maturation level. Similarly, total gas content, including desorption gas and lost gas, varies greatly in different areas, and it is obviously lower than that in Fuling and Luzhou shale gas field, due to the loss of shale gas and low-pressure coefficient in the complex structural zone. It is worth explaining that shale gas is not always low in northern Guizhou, which is determined by burial depth and the distance of great fractures. Shale gas content is relatively high in LY1 well and DY1 well in Xishui-Daozhen area, and it is extremely low in TY1 well and AY1 well in Tongzi-Zheng'an area. Shale gas content in the same structural unit is primarily influenced by TOC content, OM pore development degree and water saturation. However, different structural units have different shale gas contents, due to the differences in preservation conditions. Shale reservoirs with good preservation conditions, that is, wide and gentle structure, far from a large fault and great burial depth, generally have high shale gas contents.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"2772-2788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pyrolytic hydrocarbon generation characteristics of the Chang 7 shale based on different experimental methods: Implications for shale oil and gas in the Ordos Basin","authors":"Xiaobo Guo,&nbsp;Longfei Zhou,&nbsp;Baohong Shi,&nbsp;Yu Li,&nbsp;Siya Lin,&nbsp;Yanxia Li,&nbsp;Jianbo Sun,&nbsp;Gang Liu,&nbsp;Jintao Yin,&nbsp;Chenglin Zhang","doi":"10.1002/gj.5002","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5002","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Shale oil and gas resources are abundant in the Chang 7 shale of the Yanchang Formation in Ordos Basin. To determine the characteristics and influencing factors of hydrocarbon generation evolution of the Chang 7 shale, a series of thermal simulation experiments were conducted on low-maturity shale and kerogen samples. The results indicate that the maximum yield of shale oil are 294.5 and 304.3 mg/g TOC for kerogen sample at heating rates of 20 and 2°C/h, and the corresponding experimental temperatures are 360.2°C and 408.0°C, respectively. The utilization of lower heating rates is favourable for shale oil generation and it is recommended to employ a lower heating rate during in situ heating processes to maximize the economic benefits. The formation of crude oil cracking gas begins when simulating temperature exceeds 528.0°C (Easy R_o 2.6%) at a heating rate of 20°C/h and 480.0°C (Easy R_o 2.5%) at a heating rate of 2°C/h, as indicated by the carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons. The maximum oil production rate of the rock powder sample is 159.8 mg/g TOC, which is lower than that of the kerogen sample. It suggests that certain minerals in the Chang 7 shale may impede hydrocarbon generation. After the addition of pyrite, the highest yield of shale oil is 213.96 mg/g TOC, 33.9% higher than the yield of the original rock powder sample, reflecting the positive catalytic effect of pyrite on hydrocarbon generation of Chang 7 shale. Under geologic conditions, pyrite catalytic hydrocarbon generation may act primarily on the migration of organic matter by macromolecules, which considerably increases the probability of direct contact between pyrite and organic matter. Therefore, the organic-rich shale with high pyrite content in Chang 7 member is the preferred target for in situ conversion of shale oil and gas in the Ordos Basin.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 8","pages":"2175-2189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141613118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crustal and upper mantle structure beneath South America from Rayleigh wave analysis","authors":"Victor Corchete","doi":"10.1002/gj.5024","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A review of the S-velocity structure beneath South America, for the crust and upper mantle, is performed using a recent methodology based on Rayleigh wave analysis, and a new 3D S-velocity model (from 0 to 400 km depth) is achieved for this study area. The precise location and structure of the asthenosphere have been both determined from this new model, which have not been obtained in other previous studies, allowing to know how the different geological units that compose South America are delimited in terms of S-velocity and lithosphere thickness. For example, the highest S-velocities and the thickest lithosphere of the cratonic areas, are determined at the east of the Amazonian Craton and the São Francisco Craton. The lithosphere beneath the Guyana Shield is thinner than beneath the Central Brazil Shield, and the lithospheric root of the Amazonian Craton is determined deeper than the São Francisco Craton. The lithosphere at the east of the Central Brazil Shield is the thickest (~200-km thick). Another interesting feature depicted in terms of S-velocity and lithosphere thickness is the Transbrasiliano Lineament, which is determined in the crust and the upper mantle, confirming that it is not just a surface feature but a deep feature.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 10","pages":"2740-2749"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/gj.5024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of soil spatial variability on the behaviour of the embankment supported with a combined retaining structure","authors":"Xiaoya Bian,&nbsp;Baotong Chen,&nbsp;Hui Liu,&nbsp;Jiawei Chen","doi":"10.1002/gj.5004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/gj.5004","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In this study, the effects of soil spatial variability on the behaviour of the embankment supported with a combined retaining structure (CRS) were investigated. The numerical model of the CRS embankment was established and validated with the field data. An application programming interface (API) was developed to deal with the data exchanging issue between the numerical model and the spatial variability characterization model. Based on the verified numerical model and the API, the probabilistic analysis with 500 Monte Carlo simulations was automatically computed. Three influencing factors of the retained soil (the mean of the friction angle, the variation of the friction angle and the vertical correlation length of the random field) are analysed by parametric analysis. The results show that the vertical correlation length of the random field is most important in the earth pressure calculation process, while the mean of the friction angle is the factor with least impact. On the whole, the spatial variability of soil properties has minimal impact on the distribution and magnitude of earth pressure behind the retaining structure.</p>","PeriodicalId":12784,"journal":{"name":"Geological Journal","volume":"59 9","pages":"2584-2593"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141568658","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}