Geoscience frontiers最新文献

{"title":"Generative AI with prompt engineering in construction: Enhancing predictive slope stability modelling for safe, sustainable, climate-smart mining practices","authors":"Muhammad Kamran ,&nbsp;Muhammad Faizan ,&nbsp;Shuhong Wang ,&nbsp;Danial Jahed Armaghani ,&nbsp;Panagiotis G. Asteris ,&nbsp;Biswajeet Pradhan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102163","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102163","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generative AI (GenAI) and prompt engineering are rapidly advancing in industries such as construction and mining, leading to significant improvements in efficiency, accuracy, and decision-making processes. These technologies are transforming the construction sector by automating tasks and optimizing workflows, thereby enhancing productivity and risk management. This study explores the application of Google’s Gemini AI tool, a notable breakthrough in GenAI, specifically for predictive modeling of slope stability. The Gemini AI tool is utilized within the Python programming language to generate prompts that incorporate key factors influencing slope stability, with the Google Colab interface facilitating prompt generation and testing. Initially, these prompts are employed for data analysis and visualization, followed by their application in both unsupervised and supervised machine learning approaches. The performance evaluation metrics indicate that the integrated approaches, which combine GenAI and prompt engineering, predict slope stability with a high level of accuracy. The model achieved 99% accuracy, with precision, recall, and F₁-scores ranging from 0.98 to 1.00 for both stable and unstable slope classes. This innovative methodology seeks to advance the implementation of GenAI in civil and mining engineering, offering more precise and efficient solutions for managing slope stability and supporting safe, sustainable, and climate-smart mining operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102163"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Holocene to anthropocene burial of organic carbon in the Yangtze delta","authors":"Jianfeng Su ,&nbsp;Yijing Wu ,&nbsp;Daidu Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102162","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102162","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Holocene organic carbon (OC) burial in mega-deltas is considered to have played a crucial role in modulating long-term atmospheric CO₂ levels, but this role has likely been significantly altered by human activities during the Anthropocene. The absence of precise estimates for Holocene deltaic OC burial rates hinders a comprehensive understanding of carbon cycle evolution. This study, using data from 50 Holocene boreholes and 216 modern surface sediment samples, examines changes in OC sources and their controlling factors, and quantifies OC burial rates in the Yangtze Delta (YD) from the mid-Holocene to the Anthropocene. The results reveal three distinct stages of OC burial evolution. From 8 ka to 2 ka, the weakening East Asian Summer Monsoon reduced terrestrial OC contributions, but the YD maintained slow progradation and stable OC burial rates (∼0.79 Mt/yr). After 2 ka, human activities emerged as the dominant driver, triggering a 78 % increase in OC burial rates (1.40 – 1.44 Mt/yr). Following the impoundment of the Three Gorges Dam, the YD entered an erosion-driven destruction phase, with OC burial rates declining by 59 % compared to pre-dam levels. Accounting for subaqueous delta erosion, the YD has shifted from a net OC burial system to a net OC source, contributing ∼0.81 Mt/yr of OC to the Zhejiang-Fujian mud belt. These findings underscore the pivotal role of sediment burial rates in regulating OC sequestration in mega-deltas and highlight the global implications of human-altered sediment dynamics, suggesting that deltas worldwide may similarly transition from positive and negative OC sequestration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102162"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Volcano-sedimentary response to a mantle plume decay: A case study from the Eastern Mediterranean margin","authors":"A. Segev ,&nbsp;E. Sass ,&nbsp;U. Schattner","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102161","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102161","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The decay of a mantle plume is characterized by a decline in magmatic activity, localized volcanic pulses, and short-term topographic fluctuations. These processes are better preserved in marine settings than on land, offering a clearer record of surface dynamics. This study examines the decay of the Levant mantle plume during the Albian-Cenomanian by analyzing the effect of recurring volcanism and vertical motions on the volcano-sedimentary stratigraphy exposed in Mt. Carmel, located on the eastern Mediterranean continental margin, a gas giant province. Geological mapping and ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating reveal four distinct volcanic pulses (V₁–V₄) between ∼99 Ma and 95.4 Ma, each associated with surface uplift followed by subsidence and sedimentation. These cycles suggest pressure accumulation and release, likely driven by residual plume-related magmatic activity rather than regional tectonics. Volcanism, vertical motions, and shallow marine areas created local basins with varying connections to the sea, resulting in diverse depositional environments characterized by lithologies such as chalk, limestone, dolomite, marl, and tuff. The volcanic structures influenced facies changes and contributed to the formation of dolomite in shallow, partially closed marine environments. A final pulse, V₅ at 82 Ma, occurred after 13 Myr of quiescence, marking a shift in the regional tectonic setting. The lack of post-Maastrichtian volcanism and a 25 Myr long period of subsidence indicate plume termination. These findings demonstrate how a decaying plume loses its ability to influence surface dynamics. The Albian-Turonian reefs, situated atop a long-lasting crustal high structural block (swell) at the Arabian platform’s edge, serve as a significant example for analogous worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102161"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of disordered mackinawite (FeSm) at low temperatures and its geochemical implications","authors":"Hoon Young Jeong ,&nbsp;Hyun Hwi Lee ,&nbsp;Minji Park ,&nbsp;Sookyung Kim ,&nbsp;Kim Ford Hayes ,&nbsp;So-Jeong Kim ,&nbsp;Young-Soo Han","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Disordered mackinawite (FeS_m), an initial iron sulfide forming under ambient, anoxic conditions, plays a central role in sedimentary iron and sulfur cycling and may have contributed to early biochemical processes relevant to the origin of life. However, its structural variability complicates the assessments of its geochemical behavior and environmental impacts. Here, we demonstrate that FeS_m undergoes anoxic corrosion at 25 °C, generating H₂ even in the absence of traditional oxidants such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) or elemental sulfur (S⁰). This abiotic H₂ production provides a potential reductant for early Earth carbon fixation and may support modern oligotrophic ecosystems by influencing carbon cycling. The pH-dependent H₂ production kinetics suggests that protons (H⁺) likely act as the primary oxidant in FeS_m corrosion. The formation of Fe(III)-rich surface layers during this process passivates further corrosion and modulates surface reactivity—potentially facilitating the oxidation of H₂S to S⁰ and intermediate species, thus driving FeS_m transformation into greigite (Fe₃S₄) and pyrite (FeS₂). Particle growth mechanisms vary with pH: Ostwald ripening dominates under acidic conditions, while oriented attachment is favored at neutral to alkaline pH. Instead, with prolonged aging, FeS_m becomes stabilized through less-oriented attachment, producing polycrystalline particles. Both surface passivation and particle growth contribute to the resilience and dynamic behavior of FeS_m under diverse geochemical conditions, reinforcing its role in sustaining iron and sulfur biogeochemical cycles. This study offers mechanistic insights into the structural evolution of FeS_m, with implications for both early Earth environments and modern sedimentary systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102160"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beryllium isotopes in maar lake sediments respond to rapid climate change since the last deglaciation","authors":"Ye Yang ,&nbsp;Zhenping Cao ,&nbsp;Zhaoyan Gu ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Chu ,&nbsp;Hai Xu ,&nbsp;Kejun Dong ,&nbsp;Cong-Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Sheng Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102158","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The timing, amplitude, and mechanisms of rapid climate changes since the last deglaciation remain elusive in East Asia. In this study, high–resolution beryllium isotope and major element records from the annually laminated sediments of maar lake Xiaolongwan—a small, hydrologically closed basin with homogeneous lithology in northeastern China—offer new insights into East Asian climate variability. Abrupt increases in Al/Mg, Ca/Mg, and Ti/Mg ratios indicate intensified aeolian dust input at the onset of the Bølling-Allerød interstadial and the Early–Mid Holocene, synchronous with enhanced East Asian summer monsoon precipitation. Combined with previous dust provenance analyses, we infer a seasonal pattern of dust transport from the Central Asian deserts by southwesterly winds in spring to early summer, prior to peak monsoon rainfall. The ¹⁰Be/⁹Be record exhibits sharp declines that correspond closely to the timing of Dansgaard-Oeschger and Bond events in the North Atlantic. Spectral analysis reveals ∼ 1700-yr periodicity in the ¹⁰Be/⁹Be record, consistent with millennial-scale variability observed in the North Atlantic. These findings highlight a persistent climate teleconnection between East Asia and the North Atlantic and demonstrate that coupled dust and hydroclimate signals in maar lake sediments can reliably track sub-orbital climate variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102158"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The evolution of lithium resources and isotopic composition in salt lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: A source–transport–sink perspective","authors":"Hualing Song ,&nbsp;Qishun Fan ,&nbsp;Jianping Wang ,&nbsp;Jiansen Li ,&nbsp;Zhiyong Ling ,&nbsp;Jinjun Han ,&nbsp;Chuntao Zhao ,&nbsp;Tianli Wang ,&nbsp;Jiao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102156","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102156","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The source–transport–sink dynamics of salt lakes are fundamentally tied to resource source and mineralization, which are crucial for sustainable resource development and environmental protection. By integrating published and experimental datasets on lithium (Li) concentrations, Li isotopes, and Li/TDS–Li/Na ratios, this study systematically investigates the characteristics, evolutionary patterns, and driving mechanisms of Li and its isotopes throughout source–transport–sink processes in salt lakes across the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The results demonstrate that: (1) Li in salt lakes primarily originates from geothermal fluids, with significant contributions from Li-rich rocks and paleosediments. (2) Li transport mechanisms can be classified into source- and process-control. In source-control systems, Li is largely derived from Li-rich endmembers; although secondary inputs and attenuation occur during transport, the persistently high dissolved Li load governed by the original source retains a diagnostically traceable isotopic composition. This system is marked by high dissolved Li fluxes (&gt;300 μg/L), elevated Li × 10³/TDS ratios (&gt;0.7), and relatively depleted <em>δ</em>⁷Li values (1 ‰ to 6 ‰, occasionally as low as −4.8 ‰). In process-control systems, Li mainly comes from silicate weathering within catchments, resulting in lower riverine Li fluxes (20–80 μg/L) that are highly sensitive to environmental conditions, where source signals are frequently overprinted by secondary inputs and adsorption. These systems exhibit lower Li × 10³/TDS ratios (0.05–0.22) and enriched <em>δ</em>⁷Li values ranging from 6 ‰ to 18 ‰. (3) The sink evolution of Li and its isotopes is controlled by clay adsorption and evaporite precipitation, closely correlating with developmental phases of salt lake. Clay adsorption causes Li depletion and isotopic fractionation, leading to elevated <em>δ</em>⁷Li signatures in the early evolutionary phase. In later phases, evaporate becomes the dominant control on brine Li isotope evolution due to evaporite formed aquicludes, reduced adsorption capacity of ancient clays, and suppression of adsorption under high salinity. (4) This study offers valuable references for understanding Cenozoic marine Li isotope evolution by establishing a source–transport–sink framework within a small sink basin. Tectonic uplift has enhanced continental weathering and physical erosion, increasing supplies of dissolved Li and fresh clay minerals in runoff, while climate change has reduced continental discharge and extended water–rock interaction time. These processes collectively enhance water–rock interactions through increased reactant supply and prolonged reaction duration, elevating riverine <em>δ</em>⁷Li fluxes into the ocean and influencing marine Li isotope evolution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102156"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145216981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monazite as an indicator for orogenic gold deposits: Constraints from detrital zircon Th/U ratio and isotope data in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt","authors":"Genshen Cao ,&nbsp;Huayong Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Compared to typical orogenic gold deposits, the relationship between the host rocks and orogenic gold deposits in the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) appears less pronounced. This study complies a dataset of 97,088 U-Pb and 12,757 Hf isotopic detrital zircon analyses, employing a combination of mapping and statistical analyses techniques, to investigate the connection. Results show that regions with a Th/U ratio below 0.7 and a mantle contribution calculated ranging from 50% to 75% are favorable zones for the localization of orogenic gold deposits. The findings indicate that the presence of monazite, along with a certain input of mantle material into the host rocks, is a favorable factor for the formation of orogenic gold deposits. Moreover, the host rocks of orogenic gold deposits predominantly form in convergent tectonic settings. This study not only reveals the relationship between orogenic gold deposits and host rocks, but also offers valuable exploration implications in CAOB.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102155"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145154545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do continental lithospheric discontinuities exert control on tectonic plate motion directions?","authors":"Yvette D. Kuiper","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102154","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102154","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plate motion directions, and the orientations of rift zones and oceanic spreading ridges, and of transform faults and fracture zones that are perpendicular to these ridges, are generally controlled by tectonic forces such as slab pull, mantle convection, and mantle plumes. Here, it is hypothesized that within the confines of these general orientations, the exact orientations of these structures, and therefore plate motion directions, are partially controlled by suitably oriented sets of steep continental lithospheric discontinuities (CLDs), which work in concert with these larger tectonic forces.</div><div>Previously, the observation has been made that oceanic fracture zones are contiguous with CLDs, such as suture zones and other lithospheric fault zones. Based on high-resolution bathymetry, geological and geophysical data, it is demonstrated here that continents have multiple sets of lineaments parallel to such CLDs, or contiguous with CLDs where they occur farther inland and do not reach the ocean. Published analog experiments suggest that the orientations of transform faults and fracture zones are controlled by these CLDs if the angle between the spreading direction and the CLDs is no more than ∼45°. Spreading ridge segments evolve in an orientation perpendicular to these transform faults and fracture zones, so that the spreading direction becomes parallel to the transform faults and fracture zones. The implication is that the exact plate motion directions are controlled by CLDs, if a set of CLDs is orientated at low angle with the spreading direction. When plate motion directions need to change due to tectonic forces, the new hypothesis predicts that the exact directions may be controlled by a different set of suitably orientated CLDs. During later stages of oceanic spreading, the larger tectonic forces such as slab pull, mantle convection, and mantle plumes become increasingly dominant and plate motion directions may no longer be controlled by the CLDs.</div><div>While the hypothesis needs further testing, it has potentially far-reaching implications. For example, Euler pole reconstructions are commonly based on small circle patterns formed by fracture zones and transform faults in the oceanic lithosphere. Oceanic crust older than ∼200 Ma is typically destroyed by subduction, and pre-Mesozoic Euler poles can therefore not be reconstructed based on that method. If the hypothesis presented above is correct, the orientations of CLDs and associated lineament sets may be used as proxies for orientations of past transform faults and fracture zones, at least during early oceanic spreading. The locations of past Euler poles may thus be better estimated based on these CLDs and lineaments, and pre-Mesozoic plate tectonic reconstructions may be much improved in deep geologic time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102154"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal mechanisms and governance priorities of the SDG-based resource-economy-environment nexus in the human-nature system","authors":"Yizhong Huan ,&nbsp;Pengpeng Mo ,&nbsp;Yiming Su ,&nbsp;Xiaoyun Li ,&nbsp;Yazhu Wang ,&nbsp;Yali Tong ,&nbsp;Tao Liang ,&nbsp;Lingqing Wang ,&nbsp;Jian Hu ,&nbsp;Guangjin Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102152","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102152","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eight Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) related to resources (2, 6, 7), economy (8, 9), and environment (12, 13, 15), collectively known as REE, form the core of the human-nature system. Understanding their complex interactions is crucial for identifying transformative and effective governance actions. However, the causal mechanisms underlying the REE-related SDGs remain elusive. We used expert elicitation to assess weighted, directed interactions among 69 targets of these SDGs and applied network analysis and machine learning to identify their higher-order impacts, capacity to maintain network robustness, community structures, similarities, and systemic and structural roles. Additionally, we used causal emergence analysis and link prediction to examine potential characteristics of the causal network at macro and micro scales, respectively. The results indicate that prioritizing target 9.4 (sustainable &amp; clean industries) can accelerate overall SDG progress while enhancing synergies and maintaining systemic resilience. In the macro-network, where causal emergence occurs, macronode E dominated by ecological targets plays the strongest facilitating role. In the micro-network, four predicted links with the highest weights indicate that strengthening scientific research and technological innovation is expected to be a potential focal point for positive impact. However, its possible negative effects warrant careful consideration. Additionally, significant trade-offs may arise between energy development and species conservation in the REE nexus that should be avoided. This study offers new insights into the causal mechanisms and priorities of the SDGs in REE, promoting global human-nature system coupling and accelerating the achievement of the 2030 Agenda.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102152"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics and drivers of carbonaceous aerosol pollution in a coastal city of northern China","authors":"Li Fang ,&nbsp;He Meng ,&nbsp;Yanjun Yang ,&nbsp;Ruiyu Li ,&nbsp;Yang Yue ,&nbsp;Caiqing Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Carbonaceous aerosols significantly impact air quality, human health and climate change, yet their concentration levels and influencing factors exhibit significant regional variability. This study examined the concentration levels and temporal variations of carbonaceous aerosols in Qingdao, a typical coastal city in China, using a year-long, high-time-resolution dataset of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) measurements. The impacts of meteorological conditions, primary emissions, atmospheric oxidants, and sea-land breezes were systematically analyzed by employing an interpretable machine learning model. The results revealed that atmospheric OC and EC concentration levels were relatively low in Qingdao, but secondary organic carbon (SOC) accounted for 43 % of OC, emphasizing the substantial influence of secondary sources. SOC concentrations peaked in the evening, whereas primary organic carbon (POC) and EC concentrations peaked during morning rush hours. The elevated carbonaceous aerosol concentration observed in winter likely resulted from enhanced primary emissions coupled with unfavorable dispersion conditions, whereas intensive photochemical activities during summer facilitated SOC formation. Higher SOC levels were observed during sea-land breeze days than non-sea-land breeze days. The machine learning model indicated that atmospheric oxidants played an important role in SOC formation during sea-land breeze days, while combustion related emissions may be the key factor on non-sea-land breeze days. Furthermore, SOC levels were higher under land breezes compared to sea breezes, likely due to enhanced primary emissions from terrestrial sources coupled with confined pollutant dispersion. These findings revealed complex emission-meteorology-chemistry interactions affecting coastal air quality, informing targeted air pollution mitigation strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 6","pages":"Article 102151"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145105640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}