Parisa GholamiZadeh , Bo Wan , Guido Meinhold , Rasoul Esmaeili , Mohammad Ebrahimi
{"title":"Provenance evolution from subduction to arc-continent collision: An example from Zagros–Makran Transition Zone","authors":"Parisa GholamiZadeh , Bo Wan , Guido Meinhold , Rasoul Esmaeili , Mohammad Ebrahimi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arc-continent collision zones are critical areas where uplift, accretion, and erosion processes significantly influence the growth, elimination, or recycling of the continental crust. The Zagros–Makran Transition Zone, located along the Minab-Zendan Fault, represents a convergence boundary between the Zagros continental domain and the Makran accretionary prism in southern Iran from the Cretaceous onwards. Several tectonic slices, including Neotethys ophiolitic remnants and the Ganj and Bajgan-Durkan complexes, have accreted along the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate during subduction in the western Makran wedge. To clarify the growth steps of the Makran Prism and the internal deformation associated with arc-continent collision, we used a provenance study of sandstones from the western Makran accretionary prism involving petrography of the main detrital components and U–Pb dating, Hf isotopic values, and trace elements of detrital zircon grains. Our findings reveal a progressive scenario in which oceanic arc-related rocks of the ∼ 99 Ma Ganj Complex with Hf values ranging from +10 to +16 were uplifted during the Early to Late Eocene. The Eocene fore-arc sediments were sourced from the ∼ 49–47 Ma Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc with Hf values between −5 and +12, as well as from the Ganj Complex. The Jurassic–Cretaceous Bajgan-Durkan Complex was uplifted due to the Late Eocene to Oligocene collision of various terranes along the southern margin of the Eurasian Plate. This led to a major sediment influx into the Makran trench with a detrital signal in the range ∼ 175–160 Ma with Hf isotopic values from −3 to +4 and alongside the Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc with detrital ages ranging ∼ 46–37 Ma and ca. 80 Ma. Notably, metamorphic lithic grains began to appear in the sediments in the Late Eocene. The initial arrival of sediments from the Arabian margin to the arc-continent suture zone along the Minab-Zendan Fault indicates the onset of initial collision. During the Late Oligocene–Early Miocene, detrital zircon ages in the range of ∼ 610–520 Ma, sourced from the Arabian basement, were deposited in the trench basin together with components from the Eocene Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc and Cretaceous ophiolitic clasts of ∼ 93 Ma with Hf isotopic values of +12 to +16. Following the development and uplift of the orogen from the Middle Miocene onward, detrital zircon grains from the Cretaceous–Miocene Urumieh-Dokhtar Magmatic Arc, Jurassic–Cretaceous Bajgan-Durkan Complex, and Cretaceous ophiolites are present in both the Makran and Zagros sedimentary domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102079"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Central Indian Ocean Basin micrometeorite collections: Type, flux, etching and its implication to ocean biogeochemistry","authors":"N.G. Rudraswami , V.P. Singh , K.T. Basil Saleem","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102078","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102078","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extraterrestrial phenomena have influenced Earth’s processes throughout geological history. Evaluating the impact of extraterrestrial material on the environment is crucial for understanding the evolution of Earth and life. This study incorporates the investigation of micrometeorites (MMs), abundant cosmic materials on Earth, to understand their influence on the chemical composition and biogeochemistry of the ocean. Comprehensive etching and flux analyses reveal that ∼95% of cosmic spherules (CSs) entering seawater are etched or wholly dissolved, supplying nutrients to phytoplankton. Barred spherules show the highest degree of etching (∼19%), followed by porphyritic (∼17%), glass (∼15%), cryptocrystalline (∼12%), scoriaceous (∼10%), G-type (∼9%), and I-type (∼6%). Annually, ∼3080 tonnes (t) of olivine from MMs dissolve into seawater, contributing ∼495 t of Mg<sup>2+</sup>, ∼1110 t of Fe<sup>2+</sup>, and ∼1928 t of silicic acid. This signifies that over the Indian Ocean’s ∼40 Myr history, ∼23 Gt of olivine from CSs has dissolved, providing nutrients to seawater and sequestering ∼7 Gt of CO<sub>2</sub>. The world ocean during this time has sequestered ∼35 Gt of CO<sub>2</sub>, with fluctuations influenced by extraterrestrial activity. For instance, the Veritas event, lasting ∼1.5 Myr, sequestered ∼6 Gt of CO<sub>2</sub> from the atmosphere. A robust flux calculation based on ∼2 t of deep-sea sediments from 3610 MMs provides a more accurate estimate of the time-averaged flux of ∼229 t yr<sup>−1</sup>. These comprehensive analyses reveal MM’s original characteristics, post-deposition processes, geological record and their overall impact on Earth’s marine environments, thereby contributing to our knowledge of the interconnection between terrestrial and extraterrestrial processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102078"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144123976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Probabilistic characterization of lunar lava tube collapses: Implications for reliability-based design, safety, and exploration","authors":"Marcin Chwała, Kamil Górniak","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study presents the results of over 30,000 numerical analyses on the stability of lava tubes under lunar conditions. The research considered random irregularities in cave geometry and their impact on stability, with a particular focus on the geometric characteristics of identified collapses. We propose a procedure for extracting the collapse areas and integrating it into the stability analysis results. The results were examined to assess the possibility of describing the geometry characteristics of collapses using commonly applied probability density distributions, such as normal or lognormal distribution. Our aim is to facilitate future risk assessment of lunar caves. Such an assessment will be essential prior to robotically exploring caves beneath the lunar surface and can be extended to be used for planetary caves beyond the Moon. Our findings indicate that several collapse characteristics can be represented by unimodal probability density distributions, which could significantly simplify the candidate selection process. Based on our results, we also highlight several key directions for future research and suggested implications related to their future exploration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102076"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephen J. Puetz , Kent C. Condie , Slah Boulila , Qiuming Cheng
{"title":"Are global U-Pb detrital zircon age distributions valid proxies for global igneous activity?","authors":"Stephen J. Puetz , Kent C. Condie , Slah Boulila , Qiuming Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102075","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102075","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>When interpreting results, it is imperative to have some understanding of the degree to which the results are replicable. If the results cannot be replicated with independent data, then interpretations from the results become questionable. To minimize the potential for misinterpretations, the current study analyzes six time-series derived from globally sampled U-Pb zircon databases – of which, two are independent igneous databases, one being a quasi-independent igneous database, and three being independent detrital databases. These time-series are then analyzed with standard statistical methods to evaluate replicability. The methods include bandpass filtering to transform the raw time-series into stationary sequences, Student’s <em>t</em>-test, Monte Carlo simulations, periodograms from spectral analysis, correlation studies, and correlograms. Each test is designed to determine the replicability of a specific time-series, as well as the replicability of periodicities found from the time-series. The results show at least three key components to assessing replicability: (a) U-Pb igneous and detrital zircon age distributions are highly replicable, (b) time-series replicability gradually deteriorates with age, and (c) replicability is scale dependent, with low frequency cycles being more replicable than high frequency cycles. From the tests, we conclude that four harmonic cycles are highly replicable and statistically significant, these being periodicities of 810, 270, 90, and 67.5-myr.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102075"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Jin , Viktória Baranyi , David B. Kemp , Zhiqiang Shi , Hao Zou , Binbing Li , Yunwang Zhang , Marco Franceschi
{"title":"Early Jurassic carbon cycle perturbations recorded in terrestrial sediments of the Sichuan Basin, China","authors":"Xin Jin , Viktória Baranyi , David B. Kemp , Zhiqiang Shi , Hao Zou , Binbing Li , Yunwang Zhang , Marco Franceschi","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE, ∼183 Ma) is marked in the sedimentary record by a sharp negative carbon isotope excursion, thought to be causally linked to the emplacement of the Karoo-Ferrar Large Igneous Province and the associated release of <sup>12</sup>C-enriched carbon. The T-OAE coincided with global climate and environmental changes, as well as biotic events, indicating substantial modifications in ecosystems. Recent studies have focused on the evidence of geological responses to the T-OAE in Early Jurassic terrestrial basins in China, particularly the Sichuan Basin. Nevertheless, debate remains over the identification of this event, owing to inadequate age-constraints of many sections, and a lack of robust correlations of the carbon isotope records. Moreover, the long-term evolution of the terrestrial carbon isotope record through the Early Jurassic, and its correlation to marine records, is still not firmly established. In this paper, we present new carbon isotope analyses of carbonate (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>carb</sub>) from lacustrine carbonates and terrestrial organic matter (<em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub>) from bulk rocks within the Ma’anshan and Da’anzhai members of the Ziliujing Formation from the Dacao ‘D’ (DCD) section in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Palynological-palynofacies analysis reveals a predominance of <em>Classopollis</em> pollen together with marker taxa such as <em>Ischyosporites variegatus</em>, <em>Contignisporites problematicus</em>, in the palynological assemblage, indicating a Pliensbachian–Toarcian age. A negative carbon isotope excursion (NCIE) is recorded in the organic carbon isotope data at the topmost part of the Pliensbachian Ma’anshan Member, which can be correlated to the Pliensbachian–Toarcian Boundary Event. This is followed, in the Toarcian Da’anzhai Member, by a major NCIE recorded in both organic matter and carbonate carbon isotope data which can be correlated to the T-OAE NCIE. A long-term carbon isotope record spanning the Sinemurian to Toarcian in Sichuan terrestrial sediments is also been reconstructed and its correlation with coeval marine records is proposed. A broader review of <em>δ</em><sup>13</sup>C data from Chinese terrestrial basins spanning the Pliensbachian–Toarcian highlights a distinct <sup>13</sup>C-depleted signature in the Sichuan Basin compared to basins at higher latitudes. Changes in latitudinal gradients and organic matters in the lake sediments were likely important factors influencing the amplitudes of the T-OAE NCIE and the carbon isotope values in terrestrial sedimentary records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102073"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144167477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qiang Wang , Yufang Li , Ugur Korkut Pata , Rongrong Li
{"title":"Artificial intelligence and global carbon inequality: Addressing the challenges and opportunities for SDG 10, SDG 12, and SDG 13","authors":"Qiang Wang , Yufang Li , Ugur Korkut Pata , Rongrong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on carbon inequality (CI) in 67 countries from 1995 to 2019. The results suggest that (i) AI significantly amplifies CI both between and within countries due to its energy requirements and uneven deployment; (ii) trade openness and global value chain (GVC) positioning mitigate AI’s effect on inter-country CI, while robust governance—marked by larger government size and institutional transparency—curtails intra-country disparities; (iii) specific thresholds (trade openness > 4.74, GVC position > −1.07, government size > 2.90, transparency > −0.22) shift the impact of AI from exacerbating to reducing CI. The adverse effects of AI can be reversed through enhanced trade, GVC integration, and strong governance. Key policy implications: Policymakers must prioritize exceeding these thresholds to leverage AI for sustainable and equitable outcomes. This requires (a) promoting trade liberalization to spread the benefits of AI globally, reducing inter-country CI; (b) strengthening GVC participation to offset the carbon-intensive use of AI; (c) building government capacity and transparency to ensure fair adoption of AI domestically; and (d) embedding these strategies in climate policies to align AI with the long-term goals of environmental justice and the SDGs, particularly climate action (SDG 13) and reducing inequalities (SDG 10).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102072"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144069487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zaheen Ullah , Asad Khan , Huan Li , Tehseen Zafar , Asghar Ali , Muhammad Farhan , Zahid Hussain , Adnan Khan , Muhammad Idrees , Muhammad Ibrar
{"title":"Petrogenesis and tectonic implications of peridotites of the Shangla Complex Ophiolite along Main Mantle Thrust, Northern Pakistan","authors":"Zaheen Ullah , Asad Khan , Huan Li , Tehseen Zafar , Asghar Ali , Muhammad Farhan , Zahid Hussain , Adnan Khan , Muhammad Idrees , Muhammad Ibrar","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Shangla Complex ophiolite represents a relic of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic lithosphere along the Indus Suture Zone (also known as the Main Mantle Thrust) in northern Pakistan. This section, thrust onto the continental margin between the Indian and Karakoram (Asian) plates, is predominantly composed of depleted harzburgites, dunites and chromitites. In this study, we conducted a thorough analysis of mineralogy, whole-rock geochemistry (major oxides, trace elements, PGE), and integrated Re-Os isotopic data from mantle-derived peridotites to understand their petrogenesis and melt evolution. These peridotites exhibit a depleted nature, characterized by a low modal composition of clinopyroxene, a wide forsterite content range in olivine (86.5 to 95.2), and a large variation in Cr# values (25.1–91.4). Their diverse whole-rock geochemistry further suggests varying degrees of partial melting. The Cpx-harzburgites show high average Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (1.83 wt.%), CaO (2.27 wt.%), ΣREE (12.9 ppb), and <sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os values between 0.13095 and 0.12571. On the other hand, the depleted harzburgites and dunites exhibit lower average Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (0.57 wt.% and 0.14 wt.%, respectively), CaO concentration (0.59 wt.% and 0.21 wt.%, respectively), and ∑REE concentrations, measured at 12.7 ppb and 8.9 ppb, respectively. The <sup>187</sup>Os/<sup>188</sup>Os ratios in the depleted harzburgites and dunites range from 0.12643 to 0.11777, indicating they are less radiogenic compared to the Cpx-harzburgites. The spoon-shaped rare earth elements (REE) patterns suggest that the Cpx-harzburgites underwent low degrees of partial melting (∼10%–15%), whereas the depleted harzburgites and dunites indicate somewhat higher degrees of partial melting (additional melting of the Cpx-harzburgites). The PGE abundances in these depleted harzburgites and dunites are linked to the partial melting of Cpx-harzburgites, resulting in a boninitic-like melt. Their low degree of melting and melt extraction suggests that Cpx-harzburgites initially formed at a mid-ocean ridge (MOR) spreading center or a distal fore-arc basin. In contrast, the depleted harzburgites and dunites were formed during a second phase of melting, followed by refertilization, closely associated with a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting. The Re-Os isotopic systematics of the Shangla Complex peridotites reveal model age clusters of ca. 250 Ma and ca. 450 Ma, potentially corresponding to significant tectonic events in the geodynamic evolution of the Neo-Tethyan, Rheic, and Proto- Tethyan oceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102070"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143924381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kun Chen , Yi-Xiang Chen , Hui-Min Yu , Hans-Peter Schertl , Tatsuki Tsujimori , Sergei Skuzovatov
{"title":"Heavy Si isotope compositions of subduction zone fluids controlled by fluid-rock interaction and fluid evolution","authors":"Kun Chen , Yi-Xiang Chen , Hui-Min Yu , Hans-Peter Schertl , Tatsuki Tsujimori , Sergei Skuzovatov","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jadeitites are formed either through direct precipitation from Na-Al-Si rich fluids (P-type), or by replacement of magmatic protoliths (R-type) in subduction zones. They are valuable targets for investigating the mobility behavior and chemical composition of subduction zone fluids. The Rio San Juan Complex (RSJC) in the northern Dominican Republic hosts both P- and R-type jadeitites and jadeite-rich rocks, which provide ideal samples for addressing such issues. Here, we present trace element and Sr-Nd-O-Si isotope compositions of RSJC jadeitites and related rocks. Most samples show similar REE patterns, trace element distributions and <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O values to those of plagiogranite protoliths, indicating the predominance of R-type origin in RSJC. The P-type samples exhibit slightly higher <em>δ</em><sup>30</sup>Si values (−0.15‰ to 0.25‰) than that of R-type samples (−0.20‰ to 0.08‰), which place above the igneous array. The low (<sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr)<sub>i</sub> (0.70346 to 0.70505) and high <em>ε</em><sub>Nd</sub>(<em>t</em>) values (4.6 to 6.8) of the P-type jadeitites and quartzites, along with relatively low <em>δ</em><sup>18</sup>O values (4.7‰ to 6.4‰) of their forming fluids, indicate that the fluids are likely derived from the altered basaltic crust rather than from oceanic sediment. However, the estimated jadeitite- and quartzite-forming fluids exhibit distinct <em>δ</em><sup>30</sup>Si values (0.76‰ to 0.99‰ and –0.48‰ to –0.08‰, respectively), implying an evolution of the fluids that modified the Si isotopic compositions. Since fluid metasomatism and related desilication process could have lowered the whole-rock <em>δ</em><sup>30</sup>Si values, the heavy Si isotope compositions of the R-type samples are produced from the external fluids. Combing Rayleigh distillation and binary mixing simulations, we propose that fluids derived from altered oceanic crust obtained high <em>δ</em><sup>30</sup>Si values after crystallization of minerals enriched in light Si isotopes. The P-type jadeitites are formed through direct precipitation from this fluid. As the plagiogranite protoliths were continuously replaced by this fluid, the formed R-type samples (jadeitites and quartzites) also exhibit high <em>δ</em><sup>30</sup>Si values. Such rocks could significantly alter the Si isotope compositions of local mantle when they are deeply subducted at convergent plate margins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 4","pages":"Article 102071"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144070008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Shaji , K.V. Sarath , M. Santosh , P.K. Krishnaprasad , B.K. Arya , Manisha S. Babu
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Fluoride contamination in groundwater: A global review of the status, processes, challenges, and remedial measures” [Geosci. Front. 15(2) (2024) 101734]","authors":"E. Shaji , K.V. Sarath , M. Santosh , P.K. Krishnaprasad , B.K. Arya , Manisha S. Babu","doi":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gsf.2025.102051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12711,"journal":{"name":"Geoscience frontiers","volume":"16 3","pages":"Article 102051"},"PeriodicalIF":8.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}