Geology最新文献 - Book学术

The unexpected global distribution of Earth’s sediment sources and sinks 地球沉积物源和汇的全球分布出乎意料

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1130/g53289.1

Harrison K. Martin, Michael P. Lamb

{"title":"The unexpected global distribution of Earth’s sediment sources and sinks","authors":"Harrison K. Martin, Michael P. Lamb","doi":"10.1130/g53289.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53289.1","url":null,"abstract":"Earth’s landscapes, geochemical cycles, and sedimentary record are shaped by the source-to-sink transport of sediment. Sediment is sourced in erosional landscapes under the influence of climate and tectonics, transported through net bypass zones that can obscure forcing signals, and deposited in sinks to build the sedimentary record. Despite the importance of source-to-sink sediment transport in Earth science, the relative abundance of these domains remains unquantified, and the extent to which Earth’s surface resembles classic conceptual models has not been tested. Here we produce a global database of Earth’s source-to-sink systems. Results show that Earth’s land area is mostly erosional (59%), with bypass (22%) and sink (19%) domains less common (18%, 6%, and 76%, respectively, including oceans and Antarctica). Higher elevations are likelier to be erosional, with the world’s lowlands and large rivers disproportionately depositional. Large parts of the world are not described by the source-to-sink model; these areas are mostly deserts or shields without substantial rivers or sediment transport. Even in areas that do resemble the classic textbook progression, systems show exceptional source-to-sink domain variability between catchments and down the world’s major rivers. While the source-to-sink paradigm remains useful, it cannot describe the sedimentologically inactive areas that make up much of the world.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How double-slab subduction shaped the Eastern Anatolian Plateau: Insights from geodynamic models 双板块俯冲如何塑造了东安纳托利亚高原：来自地球动力学模型的见解

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-24 DOI: 10.1130/g53134.1

Uǧurcan Çetiner, Jeroen van Hunen, Oǧuz H. Göǧüş, Andrew P. Valentine, Mark B. Allen

{"title":"How double-slab subduction shaped the Eastern Anatolian Plateau: Insights from geodynamic models","authors":"Uǧurcan Çetiner, Jeroen van Hunen, Oǧuz H. Göǧüş, Andrew P. Valentine, Mark B. Allen","doi":"10.1130/g53134.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53134.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Eastern Anatolian Plateau presents a geologic puzzle: surface elevations of ∼2 km occur in an area with average crustal thickness (35−45 km) and thin mantle lithosphere (60−70 km). Despite various hypotheses proposing processes including slab break-off, delamination, and crustal shortening, the mechanisms behind the plateau’s formation remain debated. Geological reconstructions show Neotethyan subduction along two branches, but the role of one versus two slabs in the evolution of the plateau remains uncertain. This study addresses a key geodynamic question: Is the observed plateau evolution consistent with both single- and double-slab scenarios? We conduct high-resolution 2-D numerical experiments that test both scenarios. Our results reveal that a single-slab subduction model can produce a plateau with an average uplift similar to the observed data in terms of magnitude, but it fails to replicate the broadness of the plateau as observed today, stretching over a distance of 350 km. In contrast, in a double-slab subduction system, the northern branch of the Neo-Tethys first delaminates and breaks off before break-off of the southern branch, resulting in a topographic evolution that is better aligned with observations, including a southward-younging surface uplift of 2 km. This scenario also aligns more closely with geophysical and geological observations, including crustal deformation and subsurface structures seen in seismic tomography. Our findings suggest that the double-slab model provides a more coherent explanation for the development of the Eastern Anatolian Plateau. While this model is particularly applicable to the Tethyan orogenic system, it may offer insights into other regions with complex subduction dynamics such as India-Eurasia collision.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144701436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Grand Canyon landslide-dam and paleolake triggered by the Meteor Crater impact at 56 ka 大峡谷的滑坡坝和古湖泊是由56年前的陨石坑撞击引发的

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1130/g53571.1

K.E. Karlstrom, C.H. Baisan, D.A. Kring, R. Hereford, C. Turney, A. Hogg, L.M. Norman, P. O’Brien, J.G. Palmer, T.M. Rittenour, J. Ballensky, L.J. Crossey

{"title":"Grand Canyon landslide-dam and paleolake triggered by the Meteor Crater impact at 56 ka","authors":"K.E. Karlstrom, C.H. Baisan, D.A. Kring, R. Hereford, C. Turney, A. Hogg, L.M. Norman, P. O’Brien, J.G. Palmer, T.M. Rittenour, J. Ballensky, L.J. Crossey","doi":"10.1130/g53571.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53571.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper hypothesizes that the Meteor Crater impact in Arizona, USA, 56,000 years ago triggered landslides in Grand Canyon that dammed the Colorado River and formed Nankoweap paleolake. This is compatible with shock and earthquake physics for the impact that infer a M5.4 seismic event, attenuated to an effective magnitude of M3.5 at Grand Canyon. Results that support the hypothesis include radiocarbon dating of driftwood and luminescence dating of associated slack-water lake sediments that are preserved in caves up to 60 m above the modern Colorado River. Radiocarbon ages from two locations, including Stanton’s Cave, date the driftwood as 55.25 ± 2.44 ka (n = 4). Sediments associated with the driftwood gave a luminescence age of 56.00 ± 6.39 ka (n = 2). These six Grand Canyon dates, and three published ages for the Meteor Crater impact, show statistically indistinguishable results that support the hypothesis for a geologically instantaneous series of events with a mean age of 55.60 ± 1.30 ka. This work highlights the value of radiocarbon dating near the limits of the technique, integration of multiple dating methods, and seismic and landslide hazards associated with meteorite impacts in regions of extreme topography like Grand Canyon.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"156 2-3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144639922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Detecting arc rupture and slab window formation in the Isthmus of Panama from the bedrock and detrital record 根据基岩和碎屑记录探测巴拿马地峡的弧断裂和板窗形成

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI: 10.1130/g53411.1

Santiago León, Oris Rodríguez, Berlaine Ortega-Flores, Damián Cárdenas, Enrique Moreno

引用次数: 0

Three-dimensional electrical resistivity structure reveals the cascade rupture process of the 1988 Lancang-Gengma earthquake doublet 三维电阻率结构揭示了1988年澜沧江-耿马地震偶波的级联破裂过程

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-10 DOI: 10.1130/g53209.1

Tao Ye, Xiaobin Chen, Qinghua Huang, Shunping Pei, Jiong Zhang, Juntao Cai

引用次数: 0

Palinspastic restoration of the Olympic orocline and its implications 奥林匹克斜的恢复及其意义

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-08 DOI: 10.1130/g53365.1

Wenbo Zhang, Stephen T. Johnston, Kristin Morell, Bo Wan

{"title":"Palinspastic restoration of the Olympic orocline and its implications","authors":"Wenbo Zhang, Stephen T. Johnston, Kristin Morell, Bo Wan","doi":"10.1130/g53365.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53365.1","url":null,"abstract":"The topographic grain and bedrock structure of the Olympic Mountains define a convex-landward horseshoe shape in map view (the Olympic orocline) in the upper plate of the Cascadia subduction zone. This map curvature has been explained as a product of orogen/trench-normal deformation due to accretion and underplating. The basaltic Crescent Formation of the Siletzia terrane outcrops around the periphery of the Olympic Mountains and continues south, underlying much of the “Oregon forearc block.” Regional GPS and paleomagnetic studies demonstrate that the limbs of the Olympic orocline record opposite rotations during overall northward motion relative to cratonic North America. Here, we compile paleomagnetic and structural data to show that the Olympic orocline is a vertical-axis fold. We palinspastically undo the fold, showing that oroclinal folding accommodated 110 km of shortening of the Cascadia forearc. We suggest that subduction underthrusting initially produced a margin-parallel, oceanward-verging fold belt. Oroclinal folding resulted from pinning of the deformed, northward-translating forearc against the Coast Range buttress to the north. Oroclinal bending of the upper plate resulted in the landward retreat of the hinge zone away from the trench, giving rise to passive upward warping of the downgoing Juan de Fuca oceanic lithosphere beneath the growing orocline. Our model provides a deformation sequence that explains the Olympic Mountains as a result of margin-parallel translation and shortening of the Cascadia forearc.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Protracted subduction initiation of the Neo-Tethys: Insights from metamorphic sole chronology 新特提斯的长期俯冲起始：来自变质鞋底年代学的启示

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1130/g53409.1

Jie Shen, Jin-Gen Dai, Kai Yang, Liang-Liang Zhang

{"title":"Protracted subduction initiation of the Neo-Tethys: Insights from metamorphic sole chronology","authors":"Jie Shen, Jin-Gen Dai, Kai Yang, Liang-Liang Zhang","doi":"10.1130/g53409.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53409.1","url":null,"abstract":"Subduction initiation (SI), a key process in plate tectonics, remains poorly understood due to limited geological evidence. Metamorphic soles (MSs), which result from the high-temperature metamorphism of the subducted plate, hold the potential to offer crucial insights into SI. Here we reevaluate the formation time of MSs in the central Yarlung Zangbo Ophiolite (YZO) by integrating zircon, apatite, and titanite U-Pb ages with their rare earth element patterns. The results reveal that formation time of MSs is 145−115 Ma, and their protoliths were formed no later than 160 Ma. The significantly older protolith, in comparison to MSs and the majority of YZO ages (130−120 Ma), suggests that the Neo-Tethyan SI in the Yarlung Zangbo suture zone likely occurred along a transform fault or fracture zone between oceanic lithosphere with different ages or along a continental margin. The extensive age range for MSs indicates a protracted SI spanning nearly 25 m.y., which can be divided into two distinct stages: (1) the stagnant stage (145−133 Ma), marked by a slow subduction rate and a dry mantle; and (2) the unlocking stage (133−120 Ma), characterized by an accelerated subduction rate and rapid upper plate extension, leading to formation of the YZO. Additionally, we document a late-stage (post-SI stage; 120−115 Ma) of MSs that is younger than the YZO, implying that sustained subduction can produce MSs over extended periods. These observations provide new insights into the dynamics of the Neo-Tethyan SI.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eoarchean apatite uncovers felsic foundations of the Pilbara Craton 太古宙磷灰石揭示了皮尔巴拉克拉通的英质基础

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-07 DOI: 10.1130/g53198.1

Melissa Kharkongor, Jacob A. Mulder, Stijn Glorie, Christopher L. Kirkland, Yousef Zoleikhaei, Sarah Gilbert, Peter Cawood, Chris Hawkesworth, David Chew

{"title":"Eoarchean apatite uncovers felsic foundations of the Pilbara Craton","authors":"Melissa Kharkongor, Jacob A. Mulder, Stijn Glorie, Christopher L. Kirkland, Yousef Zoleikhaei, Sarah Gilbert, Peter Cawood, Chris Hawkesworth, David Chew","doi":"10.1130/g53198.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53198.1","url":null,"abstract":"The fragmented record of early Earth is largely preserved in Archean granite-greenstone terranes, yet there is evidence that these ancient continental nuclei may themselves have been built on preexisting crustal substrates. The East Pilbara Terrane (EPT), Western Australia, is the archetypal granite-greenstone terrane, with exposed crust dating back to ca. 3.5 Ga. Radiogenic Hf, Nd, and Pb isotopic studies indicate that the EPT was built on older crustal foundations. However, apart from rare Eoarchean enclaves, xenocrystic and detrital zircons, the age and composition of these crustal foundations remains elusive. Here, we present detrital apatite geochronology and trace-element geochemistry from Paleo-Neoarchean sedimentary successions of the EPT. Apatite U-Pb dates largely record reset ages associated with Meso- and Neoarchean thermal events. The Lu-Hf system in the same crystals retains primary crystallization ages up to ca. 3.84 Ga—the oldest detrital apatite grains discovered to date. Sr-Y systematics indicate that &gt;70% of Eoarchean detrital apatite grains were sourced from tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite−type felsic rocks, and the relative proportion of felsic to mafic sources did not change significantly throughout the Archean. We conclude that the EPT was built on Eoarchean crustal foundations that were comparable in composition to the presently exposed Paleo-Mesoarchean granite-greenstone crust, including an important component of felsic rocks.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144578022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are Holocene coseismic marine terrace sequences complete paleoseismic records? Rapid erosion of a new marine terrace created during the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake suggests not! 全新世同震海相台地序列是完整的古地震记录吗？2016年7.8级Kaikōura地震期间形成的新海洋阶地的快速侵蚀表明并非如此！

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1130/g53244.1

Wayne J. Stephenson, Mark E. Dickson, Martin D. Hurst, Jokotola Omidiji, Sophie L. Horton, Nicola J. Litchfield, Kevin P. Norton, Hironori Matsumoto, Raphael L. Krier-Mariani, Lovleen Acharya-Chowdhury, Aidan D. McLean

{"title":"Are Holocene coseismic marine terrace sequences complete paleoseismic records? Rapid erosion of a new marine terrace created during the 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake suggests not!","authors":"Wayne J. Stephenson, Mark E. Dickson, Martin D. Hurst, Jokotola Omidiji, Sophie L. Horton, Nicola J. Litchfield, Kevin P. Norton, Hironori Matsumoto, Raphael L. Krier-Mariani, Lovleen Acharya-Chowdhury, Aidan D. McLean","doi":"10.1130/g53244.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53244.1","url":null,"abstract":"Holocene coseismic marine terraces are used to reconstruct earthquake magnitude and frequency; however, coastal erosion can remove these terraces, compromising their reliability as paleoseismic records. Rates of terrace removal globally are unconstrained, and the extent to which flights of Holocene coseismic marine terraces contain complete paleoseismic records is unclear. On 14 November 2016, the magnitude (Mw) 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in New Zealand caused instantaneous uplift of 0.8−1.0 m of intertidal shore platforms, creating a new marine terrace. Since 1974, a micro-erosion meter network has been used to determine erosion rates of these shore platforms, providing a unique opportunity to investigate how quickly a new marine terrace is destroyed. Lowering rates more than doubled from 0.944 mm/yr prior to 2016 to 2.556 mm/yr following uplift. Using a linear decay function starting at 2.556 mm/yr the new marine terrace will be removed from the landscape in 552 yr. When sea-level rise and interseismic subsidence are considered, the terrace may be removed in only 200 yr. A time window of ∼200−550 yr is less than the return time of the earthquake that created the terrace, demonstrating that a new terrace can be eroded from the landscape before further uplift ensures preservation. Our findings clarify how Holocene coseismic terrace sequences present incomplete records of paleoseismicity, with significant implications for reconstructing earthquake magnitude and frequency on tectonically active coasts.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"676 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fuping Fauna: A deep-water fauna in the prime of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event 富平动物群：奥陶纪生物多样化盛期的深水动物群

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2025-07-03 DOI: 10.1130/g53475.1

Yilong Liu, Dan Tu, Ruoying Fan, Qingyang Xu, Xin Hu, Ruiwen Zong, Yiming Gong

{"title":"Fuping Fauna: A deep-water fauna in the prime of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event","authors":"Yilong Liu, Dan Tu, Ruoying Fan, Qingyang Xu, Xin Hu, Ruiwen Zong, Yiming Gong","doi":"10.1130/g53475.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53475.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event (GOBE) greatly enriched marine biodiversity, promoted the complexification of ecosystems, and laid the foundation for the subsequent flourishing of marine life. The discovery of Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätten is crucial for understanding the processes and ecosystem evolution associated with the GOBE. However, most known Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätten are derived from shallow-water environments; those from deep-water (slope-basin) settings are extremely rare. This preservational bias severely limits a comprehensive understanding of the distribution and dynamic evolution of biodiversity in the Ordovician. Here, we report the Fuping Fauna, a deep-water slope facies Konservat-Lagerstätte from the Upper Ordovician (Katian) in the southern part of the North China craton. This fauna is composed mainly of eurypterids, cheloniellids, aglaspidids, bivalved arthropods, megacheirans, cnidarians, brachiopods, molluscs, conodonts, and coprolites, representing the first Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätte discovered in the North China craton. Its unique environment (carbonate contourites) and distinctive biological features (diverse fauna with the absence of typical Ordovician taxa, such as trilobites and graptolites) enrich our understanding of the biological assemblages and ecological niches of the Ordovician deep-water ecosystems. The discovery of the Fuping Fauna not only expands the distribution range and sedimentary environment of the Ordovician Konservat-Lagerstätten but also indicates that the deep-water fauna exhibited high ecological complexity and biodiversity in the prime of the GOBE.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144566235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0