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Red beryl gemstone is a U-Pb geochronometer with implications for Be exploration 红绿柱石是一种具有Be勘探意义的U-Pb地球时计
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-16 DOI: 10.1130/g55279.1
Rhiana Elizabeth Henry,Liam Courtney-Davies,Rebecca M. Flowers
{"title":"Red beryl gemstone is a U-Pb geochronometer with implications for Be exploration","authors":"Rhiana Elizabeth Henry,Liam Courtney-Davies,Rebecca M. Flowers","doi":"10.1130/g55279.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g55279.1","url":null,"abstract":"Red beryl is a rare gem found in vugs or fissures in specific topaz rhyolite layers in the southwestern United States. Unlike other beryl, it contains high U (tens to thousands of parts per million). This study provides U-Pb dates for red beryl crystallization from five localities in three ranges, yielding robust laser ablation−inductively coupled plasma−mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) dates at higher precision than coeval sanidine K-Ar and zircon fission-track dates. U-Pb dates for specimens from the Ruby Violet Claim (20.96 ± 0.23 Ma) of the Wah Wah Mountains, Utah, Snowflake Claim (24.96 ± 0.3 Ma) of the Black Range, New Mexico, and Searle Canyon (6.69 ± 0.12 Ma) and Maynard’s Claim (6.87 ± 0.11 Ma) in the Thomas Range, Utah, are compatible with prior regional age constraints. However, red beryl dates from Wildhorse Spring, Utah (22.34 ± 0.20 Ma), are older than the expected age of ca. 6 Ma. These data reassign the red beryl−bearing layer to Spor Mountain volcanism, the host to the world’s largest Be deposit, indicating that a wider region should be explored for Be mineralization. Red beryl provides direct age limits on outgassing, capturing very late-stage volcanic processes not recorded by common geochronometers, which typically form within magma chambers or during eruptions. Our results show that if red beryl, a gem, or other unusual minerals have elevated U, they should be targeted as possible geochronometers.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"263 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The layered structure of the lithosphere: From the Archean to the present day 岩石圈的分层结构:从太古代到现在
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-13 DOI: 10.1130/g55048.1
Lin-Sen Li,Zhensheng Wang,Fabio A. Capitanio,Yi-Ming Jiang,Peter A. Cawood,Kate Selway,Ming Tang,Ming-Guo Zhai,Xiao-Lei Wang
{"title":"The layered structure of the lithosphere: From the Archean to the present day","authors":"Lin-Sen Li,Zhensheng Wang,Fabio A. Capitanio,Yi-Ming Jiang,Peter A. Cawood,Kate Selway,Ming Tang,Ming-Guo Zhai,Xiao-Lei Wang","doi":"10.1130/g55048.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g55048.1","url":null,"abstract":"Mid-lithospheric discontinuities (MLDs) mark layering observed across cratons and younger lithospheres, yet their link to mantle dynamics and secular cooling remains unexplored. Using numerical simulations of mantle convection with melting and dehydration-dependent rheology, we show that convective thinning drives decompression melting, generating contrasting density and viscosity, strain localization, and porosity gradients within the lithosphere. Subsequent deformation (with imbrication and tilting) and cooling freeze the lithosphere into a three-layer structure: a paleo-thermal boundary layer, a compositionally modified layer, and a thermal sublayer. These features explain observed geophysical properties and reproduce seismic velocity gradients across MLD interfaces, though matching the full contrasts likely requires additional fluids/melt retention. This mechanism operates across the full range of mantle temperatures, from Archean to present-day conditions, providing a unified explanation for the abundance of MLDs in cratons, decreasing prevalence with secular cooling, and persistent occurrence in modern lithosphere on Earth and other planets.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Potassium isotopes reveal lithospheric control on the evolution of deep-sourced carbonated silicate magmas 钾同位素揭示了岩石圈对深源碳酸硅酸盐岩浆演化的控制作用
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1130/g54742.1
Zheng-Yu Long,Frédéric Moynier,Martin Bizzarro,Kun-Feng Qiu,Sebastian Tappe
{"title":"Potassium isotopes reveal lithospheric control on the evolution of deep-sourced carbonated silicate magmas","authors":"Zheng-Yu Long,Frédéric Moynier,Martin Bizzarro,Kun-Feng Qiu,Sebastian Tappe","doi":"10.1130/g54742.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54742.1","url":null,"abstract":"Kimberlites and related CO2-rich ultramafic rocks such as aillikites commonly show Nd-Hf isotope decoupling (unradiogenic εHf at a given εNd), attributed to either recycled oceanic slabs or interaction with metasomatized continental lithospheric mantle (CLM). We present potassium isotope data (δ41K) for Neoproterozoic aillikites from West Greenland and use δ41K-ε176Hf covariations to test these models. Aillikite δ41K ranges from −0.62‰ to −0.31‰ and correlates positively with εHf, indicating mixing between distinct mantle reservoirs rather than magmatic differentiation. The data can be reproduced by mixing a K-poor, high-δ41K carbonatitic melt with a K-rich, low-δ41K CLM metasome characterized by unradiogenic Hf. We infer a two-stage evolution in which CO2-rich melts formed in the asthenosphere from domains containing recycled carbonate-rich oceanic material and then acquired their potassic compositions and decoupled Nd-Hf isotope signatures during ascent through heterogeneous CLM. The Nd-Hf isotope decoupling in aillikites and kimberlites therefore records interaction between deep CO2-rich melts and ancient CLM domains. Primitive CO2-rich intraplate magmatism, especially in cratonic settings, offers unique insights into deep carbon cycling and the fate of CO2-rich melts on their way to Earth’s surface.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Active normal faulting in the upper plate of the Alaska subduction zone 阿拉斯加俯冲带上板块的活动正断层
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-09 DOI: 10.1130/g54733.1
Suoya Fan,Kristin D. Morell,Peter J. Haeussler,Tammy M. Rittenour
{"title":"Active normal faulting in the upper plate of the Alaska subduction zone","authors":"Suoya Fan,Kristin D. Morell,Peter J. Haeussler,Tammy M. Rittenour","doi":"10.1130/g54733.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54733.1","url":null,"abstract":"The Alaska subduction zone exhibits large along-strike variations in interseismic coupling and seismic behavior, yet the long-term structural response of the overriding forearc to these variations remains poorly constrained. We document active normal-sense faulting on Chirikof Island within the Semidi segment that lies between the contrasting plate-interface behavior and upper-plate deformation styles of the Kodiak and Shumagin segments. Geomorphic and geochronologic data indicate 4−9 m of cumulative slip and that fault-scarp development continued after ca. 6 ka, with evidence suggesting multiple episodes of fault reactivation. Bedrock structures and thermochronologic data indicate that this normal faulting represents a recent shift from prolonged shortening to extension in this part of the forearc. This deformation change coincides with the along-strike transition from persistent thrusting in the Kodiak segment to large-scale normal faulting in the Shumagin segment. We propose that variations in subducting-plate fabric orientation and inherited seafloor heterogeneities may influence plate-interface mechanics and the stress state of the upper plate, potentially contributing to the contrasting deformation styles. The normal-sense fault reactivation may enhance tsunami generation during large megathrust earthquakes.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From tropical bauxites to orogenic exhumation in Provence (France) constrained by hematite and goethite (U-Th)/He thermochronology 从热带铝土矿到法国普罗旺斯造山带发掘——受赤铁矿和针铁矿(U-Th)/He热年代学的约束
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-08 DOI: 10.1130/g55208.1
Louise Boschetti,Stéphane Schwartz,Cécile Gautheron,Yann Rolland,Frédéric Mouthereau,Mélanie Balvay,Nathan Cogné,Sylvain Campillo
{"title":"From tropical bauxites to orogenic exhumation in Provence (France) constrained by hematite and goethite (U-Th)/He thermochronology","authors":"Louise Boschetti,Stéphane Schwartz,Cécile Gautheron,Yann Rolland,Frédéric Mouthereau,Mélanie Balvay,Nathan Cogné,Sylvain Campillo","doi":"10.1130/g55208.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g55208.1","url":null,"abstract":"Reconstructing post-depositional thermal histories in carbonate basins is challenging because conventional thermochronometers are scarce and lack the required temperature sensitivity. We established karst-hosted bauxites as an alternative archive, using coexisting hematite (Hm) and goethite (Gt) formed during tropical weathering. We report Hm (U-Th)/He (HHe) and Gt (U-Th)/He (GHe) dates to and thermal inversions of karst bauxites from Provence (France). These deposits formed during mid-Cretaceous uplift (ca. 120−105 Ma) and were subsequently buried beneath Upper Cretaceous−Cenozoic sediments. Analyses of 133 Hm-Gt grains yielded reproducible ages from 85 ± 6 Ma to 12 ± 1 Ma, younger than the overlying sediments, indicating post-depositional resetting. HHe systematically yields older ages (85−22 Ma) than coexisting GHe (32−12 Ma), reflecting higher He retentivity. Hm (U-Th)/He thermal modeling, consistent with regional geology, reveals two thermal events: (1) heating to 90−120 °C until 60−45 Ma during Pyrenean compression, followed by cooling; and (2) reheating to 50−60 °C between 35 Ma and 15 Ma during the onset of the West European Rift, which partially reset HHe. This second event matches the GHe reset and points to a temperature sensitivity of <60 °C for the GHe system. Our results establish karst bauxites as a robust archive for investigating shallow thermal histories.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149151084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A 29-year natural experiment constrains Fe−Mg diffusion rates in olivine 一个29年的自然实验限制了Fe - Mg在橄榄石中的扩散速率
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-06 DOI: 10.1130/g55140.1
Thomas Shea,Nabila Nizam,Rosalind T. Helz
{"title":"A 29-year natural experiment constrains Fe−Mg diffusion rates in olivine","authors":"Thomas Shea,Nabila Nizam,Rosalind T. Helz","doi":"10.1130/g55140.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g55140.1","url":null,"abstract":"Fe−Mg diffusion in olivine is the most widely used chronometer for extracting the time scales of magmatic processes that drive pre-eruptive volcanic unrest. Yet experimental calibrations of diffusion rates disagree: melt−solid diffusion couples yield rates up to ten times faster than the solid−solid couples underlying canonical values, and whether this discrepancy applies to natural magmas remains untested. The 1959 eruption of Kīlauea Iki (Hawaiʻi, USA) created a rootless lava lake that was repeatedly drilled and sampled over 29 yr as it cooled, preserving petrological snapshots of diffusive re-equilibration on decadal time scales that are inaccessible in the laboratory. Here, we model olivine from drill cores collected between 1960 and 1988 by coupling a 3-D lava-lake cooling model to diffusion models of olivine populations re-equilibrating with their host melt. Matching the measured compositions requires Fe−Mg diffusivities 5−15 times faster than canonical values, independently confirming the faster melt−solid rates and implying that many published pre-eruptive time scales are correspondingly too long.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"405 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lava life: Evidence for fossilized microbial filaments in 2.46 Ga vesicular basalts 熔岩生命:2.46 Ga泡状玄武岩中微生物丝状化石的证据
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-06 DOI: 10.1130/g54981.1
Birger Rasmussen,Stefan Bengtson,Magnus Ivarsson,Janet Muhling,Federica Marone,Harilaos Tsikos
{"title":"Lava life: Evidence for fossilized microbial filaments in 2.46 Ga vesicular basalts","authors":"Birger Rasmussen,Stefan Bengtson,Magnus Ivarsson,Janet Muhling,Federica Marone,Harilaos Tsikos","doi":"10.1130/g54981.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54981.1","url":null,"abstract":"The modern oceanic crust, dominated by basaltic lavas and gabbroic sills, is home to a diverse ecosystem of prokaryotes and eukaryotes that are fueled by chemical reactions during seawater alteration of mafic igneous rocks. Despite the abundance and antiquity of submarine basalts, the fossil record of this deep igneous habitat is sparse and controversial. Here we report the presence of filamentous microstructures in drill-core samples (drill depth 610 m) of vesicular submarine basalts intercalated with the 2.46 Ga Kuruman Iron Formation, in Griqualand West, South Africa. A network of sinuous and uniformly thick filaments, which are lined by fine-grained Fe-rich phyllosilicates, is preserved in calcite- and stilpnomelane-cemented vesicles near the top of the flow. Based on their uniform size, regular shape, and similarity to putative microfossils in younger vesicular basalts, the filaments are interpreted to be relicts of cavity-dwelling (cryptoendolithic) microbes that were mineralized by Fe-silicate clays and encased in calcite cement shortly after basalt eruption. Our results suggest that ancient basaltic lavas were rapidly colonized by microbes in a thermally and geochemically active environment that today is occupied by chemoautotrophs and heterotrophs. The findings confirm submarine lavas as a habitat for early life, and extend the antiquity of basalt-hosted cryptoendoliths, hinting at a lengthy fossil record for the deep igneous biosphere.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nucleation and growth of dolomite in an alkaline lake 碱性湖泊白云岩的成核和生长
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.1130/g54553.1
Zhuang Yang,Yuanyuan Zhang,Zhaojie Guo,Xincai You,Wenjun He
{"title":"Nucleation and growth of dolomite in an alkaline lake","authors":"Zhuang Yang,Yuanyuan Zhang,Zhaojie Guo,Xincai You,Wenjun He","doi":"10.1130/g54553.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54553.1","url":null,"abstract":"Dolomite precipitation from supersaturated solutions at Earth’s surface temperature is considered kinetically inhibited. Alkaline lakes are among the few modern environments hydrochemically conducive to low-temperature dolomite formation. However, the nucleation and growth of dolomite under alkaline conditions, and how these processes are related to alkaline water chemistry, remain poorly understood. We report extensive dolomites recently observed in the lower Permian Fengcheng Formation of the Junggar Basin (northwest China); well-preserved ancient alkaline deposits. High-resolution, in situ secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS)−based carbon and oxygen isotope analyses reveal systematic zonation in dolomite crystals: δ18OVPDB (VPDB—Vienna Peedee belemnite) decreases from the core (3.30‰) to the intermediate (0.35‰) rim (−11.12‰), whereas δ13CVPDB increases from the core (0.89‰) to the intermediate (4.74‰) rim (6.81‰). The positive δ18O values of the core zone, together with its finely preserved nucleus and radial cathodoluminescence (CL) textures, suggest syndepositional nucleation under intensive evaporative conditions. The opposing core-to-rim trends in δ13C and δ18O of the studied dolomites capture the progressive evolution of the dolomites, with increasing formation temperatures and intensifying methanogenesis, from initial nucleation in the evaporative water column through growth near the sediment−water interface to final overgrowth in the burial methanogenesis zone. Our results suggest that alkaline lake conditions can promote the direct nucleation of dolomite via an inorganic pathway, providing important constraints on the role of alkaline environments in resolving the long-standing “dolomite problem” in abiotic systems.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbialites in muddy waters? Evidence for greenalite and silica mineralization of a 1.88 Ga stromatolitic iron formation 浑水中的微生物?1.88 Ga叠层石铁地层绿绿岩和硅矿化的证据
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-05 DOI: 10.1130/g54903.1
Birger Rasmussen,Janet R. Muhling
{"title":"Microbialites in muddy waters? Evidence for greenalite and silica mineralization of a 1.88 Ga stromatolitic iron formation","authors":"Birger Rasmussen,Janet R. Muhling","doi":"10.1130/g54903.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54903.1","url":null,"abstract":"The identification of microfossils in stromatolitic chert from the 1.88 Ga Gunflint iron formation (North America), including forms likened to Cyanobacteria, prompted early models linking the deposition of iron formations to biologically mediated iron oxidation. However, the exact relationship between microbial processes, iron deposition, and stromatolite growth remains murky. Here we show that stromatolites in 1.88 Ga iron formations (Sokoman Formation) from the Labrador Trough, Canada, comprise laminae of dusty chert interbedded with dusty chert clasts and sand-sized Fe-silicate grains. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy and analysis show that the dust particles comprise nanometer-sized crystals of greenalite and apatite. The presence of clasts of dusty chert that closely resemble surrounding laminated chert suggests that they are rip-up clasts, indicating penecontemporaneous silica cementation of greenalite-rich muds. Our observations suggest that the stromatolites grew during tranquil conditions by microbial trapping and binding of suspended nanoparticles accompanied by in situ silica precipitation. Our results also provide potential insights into the origin of granular iron formations, suggesting a link between the deposition of greenalite nanoparticles and the production of Fe-silicate grains by accretion on muddy substrates or erosion of silica-cemented greenalite muds. We speculate that greenalite nanoparticles were not only a major primary phase in banded iron formations (e.g., Hamersley Group, Western Australia) but also an important building block of granular iron formations, representing a key ingredient in the formation of sand-sized grains during sedimentary reworking in high-energy, shallow-water environments.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evidence from alkaline magmatism for fluorine- and bromine-enriched cratonic mantle roots 富氟和富溴克拉通地幔根的碱性岩浆作用证据
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-10-02 DOI: 10.1130/g54660.1
Qingxun Luo,Chunfei Chen,Stephen F. Foley,Sebastian Tappe,Pengyuan Han,Tao He,Zhaochu Hu,Yongsheng Liu
{"title":"Evidence from alkaline magmatism for fluorine- and bromine-enriched cratonic mantle roots","authors":"Qingxun Luo,Chunfei Chen,Stephen F. Foley,Sebastian Tappe,Pengyuan Han,Tao He,Zhaochu Hu,Yongsheng Liu","doi":"10.1130/g54660.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54660.1","url":null,"abstract":"The base of cratonic lithospheric mantle (cratonic root) is a key volatile-rich reservoir (e.g., carbon and halogens), formed through long-term metasomatism by deep-derived incipient melts, whose reactivation has been proposed to drive climatic change over the course of Earth history. However, halogen compositions and budgets of cratonic roots remain poorly constrained. We present halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) data of intraplate alkaline rocks from Aillik Bay, Labrador, eastern Canada, that originate from melting of an evolving cratonic root during three distinct time periods: Mesoproterozoic lamproites, Neoproterozoic ultramafic lamprophyres including aillikites and carbonatites, and Cretaceous nephelinites. Compared to mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs), lamproites and lamprophyres show higher F (1200−6040 ppm) and Br/Cl ratios (3.3−30.0 × 10−3), which are inconsistent with a degassing signature and instead reflect enrichment of F and Br in their mantle sources. In contrast, nephelinites have high F (1470−2430 ppm) but MORB-like Br/Cl ratios (1.3−2.4 × 10−3), consistent with Br loss during fluid exsolution. These results agree with published halogen data for carbonatites, kimberlites, inclusions in diamonds and cratonic peridotites, showing that cratonic roots worldwide are enriched in F and Br. Our estimates indicate that the cratonic root hosts ∼3.7 ± 0.8 × 1017 kg F (1sd), 1.3 ± 0.4 × 1016 kg Cl (1sd), and 1.9 ± 0.9 × 1014 kg Br (1sd), whose rapid release (generally <5 m.y.) through large igneous province magmatism during mantle plume-cratonic root interaction may have triggered severe ozone depletion and environmental crises.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"92 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149091304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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