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Enigmatic postsubduction lavas from a fossil slab remnant beneath Baja California, Mexico 神秘的后俯冲熔岩从化石板遗迹下加利福尼亚,墨西哥
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1130/g53817.1
James K. Muller, Emily J. Chin
{"title":"Enigmatic postsubduction lavas from a fossil slab remnant beneath Baja California, Mexico","authors":"James K. Muller, Emily J. Chin","doi":"10.1130/g53817.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53817.1","url":null,"abstract":"Geochemically unusual, low-volume lavas have erupted along the Baja California Peninsula (BCP) in Mexico since the Miocene. These rocks have remarkably high Sr contents and Sr/Y ratios. High-Sr/Y magmas are commonly ascribed to partial melting of subducting young oceanic crust (adakites) or melting of mantle previously metasomatized by slab melts (bajaites). However, BCP adakites and bajaites erupted after Farallon plate subduction ended locally. We leverage a novel approach to studying the Baja Californian adakites by combining phase equilibria and trace element modeling. Our calculated melts of a relict slab fragment (imaged geophysically beneath the BCP) are consistent with the trace element compositions of local adakites but only at high pressures when residues comprise garnet-bearing eclogite. We infer the high thermal regime needed to melt the fossil slab and overlying metasomatized mantle may originate via shear heating, sub-slab mantle flow, or a combination thereof. Recent studies have invoked slab melting to reconcile geochemical mass balance at active arcs. The high-Sr/Y BCP lavas may offer a unique, isolated view into this slab-derived component because dominant flux melting overwhelms such a signal in active subduction zones.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147756195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Heavy rains inflate Mount Fuji, central Japan 暴雨使日本中部的富士山膨胀
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-04-28 DOI: 10.1130/g54450.1
Shuo Zheng, Kosuke Heki, Jianli Chen, Yuki Tamada, Zizhan Zhang, Haoming Yan
{"title":"Heavy rains inflate Mount Fuji, central Japan","authors":"Shuo Zheng, Kosuke Heki, Jianli Chen, Yuki Tamada, Zizhan Zhang, Haoming Yan","doi":"10.1130/g54450.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54450.1","url":null,"abstract":"Active volcanoes are often deformed by magmatic activity occurring at depth. Here, we report the deformation of Mount Fuji, central Japan, in relation to hydrological activity induced by rain. Through an analysis of the daily coordinates of global navigation satellite system stations deployed around Mount Fuji, we detected transient surface uplift of 1−2 cm correlated with heavy rains and deduced that this is caused by the expansion of shallow aquifers within Shin-Fuji lava layers. Such hydrological inflation of the volcano, lasting for a day or two, occurs within ∼25 km of the summit. The uplift gradually decays with distance and is replaced by large-area subsidence through rainwater loading beyond the end of these lava layers. Understanding such “cold” volcanic inflation assists in the correct interpretation of “hot” changes associated with magmatic forcing mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147756196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Nanoscale proteinaceous residues in a Mars-analogous secondary mineral assemblage: Implications for Mars sample return 类似火星的次级矿物组合中的纳米级蛋白质残基:对火星样品返回的影响
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1130/g54303.1
Qian Fang, Anbei Deng, Jiaming Yang, Liao Yang, Hanlie Hong, Peifeng Xie, Ke Gao, Chen Liu, Xincheng Qiu, Hao Yang, Yu Pei, Anhuai Lu, Zhong-Qiang Chen
{"title":"Nanoscale proteinaceous residues in a Mars-analogous secondary mineral assemblage: Implications for Mars sample return","authors":"Qian Fang, Anbei Deng, Jiaming Yang, Liao Yang, Hanlie Hong, Peifeng Xie, Ke Gao, Chen Liu, Xincheng Qiu, Hao Yang, Yu Pei, Anhuai Lu, Zhong-Qiang Chen","doi":"10.1130/g54303.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54303.1","url":null,"abstract":"Secondary minerals, such as clay minerals and Fe-Mn oxides, commonly form through aqueous processes mediated by microbial activity, making them key biosignature targets. Microbial proteins can be preserved within these minerals. Although Mars return samples are expected to be rich in secondary phases, the nanoscale distribution and preservation of proteins within them remain poorly known. Using atom probe tomography combined with complementary techniques, we investigate natural Mars-analog secondary minerals and their protein preservation capacity. We achieve in situ, near-atomic-scale characterization of protein-mineral interactions in natural samples. Our results show that clay minerals and Fe-Mn oxides form intimately mixed assemblages with homogeneous spatial associations at the nanometer to subnanometer scale. Proteinaceous residues are preserved within these minerals, commonly distributed along the inner and outer edges of relatively large mineral grains. Incorporation into the mineral lattice likely contributes to their preservation. In contrast, smaller secondary mineral grains (<5 nm) generally retain little protein-related signal and may adsorb only limited amino acid fragments. These findings provide direct nanoscale insights into protein-mineral associations in natural settings, with important implications for detecting potential biosignatures in extraterrestrial samples, such as those returned from Mars.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"429 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147753039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Rheological contrast traps and controls MW 6.8 Michilla (northern Chile) intraslab aftershocks 流变对比捕获并控制了里氏6.8级Michilla(智利北部)岩壁内余震
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1130/g53833.1
Francisco Pastén-Araya, Sebastián Carrasco, Catalina Morales-Yáñez, Efraín Rivera, Leoncio Cabrera, Sergio Ruiz, Pablo Salazar
{"title":"Rheological contrast traps and controls MW 6.8 Michilla (northern Chile) intraslab aftershocks","authors":"Francisco Pastén-Araya, Sebastián Carrasco, Catalina Morales-Yáñez, Efraín Rivera, Leoncio Cabrera, Sergio Ruiz, Pablo Salazar","doi":"10.1130/g53833.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53833.1","url":null,"abstract":"The factors controlling the extent and distribution of aftershocks in intermediate-depth earthquakes remain poorly understood, largely due to the scarcity of dense seismological networks and high-resolution seismic catalogs. Between 2013 and 2015 CE, a temporary dense seismic network installed in northern Chile allowed the detailed monitoring of a peculiar, long-lasting aftershock sequence confined within the rupture zone of the 16 December 2007 MW 6.8 Michilla intermediate-depth earthquake, located within the subducting oceanic plate. This unique dataset allowed us to compile a high-resolution seismic catalog and to analyze the possible factors that influence this type of rupture. Our results show that seismicity was trapped between the upper and lower oceanic crust, correlating strongly with expected dehydration reactions in basaltic and gabbroic rheologies. In addition, aftershocks were distributed across a complex multi-fault system, which can remain active for an extended period through the same dehydration process. These observations provide new constraints on the mechanics of intermediate-depth rupture and highlight the role of dehydration-driven processes in controlling their seismic behavior, with implications for seismic hazard in subduction zones.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147753013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An ancient sandstorm recorded by supercritical climbing wind ripple strata in Gale crater, Mars 火星盖尔陨石坑的超临界爬升风波纹地层记录的古代沙尘暴
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-29 DOI: 10.1130/g54158.1
Steven G. Banham, Joel M. Davis, Linda C. Kah, Sanjeev Gupta, Gerhard Paar, Amelie L. Roberts, Aster Cowart, Rebecca M.E. Williams, Sharon A. Wilson, John P. Grotzinger, Ashwin R. Vasavada
{"title":"An ancient sandstorm recorded by supercritical climbing wind ripple strata in Gale crater, Mars","authors":"Steven G. Banham, Joel M. Davis, Linda C. Kah, Sanjeev Gupta, Gerhard Paar, Amelie L. Roberts, Aster Cowart, Rebecca M.E. Williams, Sharon A. Wilson, John P. Grotzinger, Ashwin R. Vasavada","doi":"10.1130/g54158.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54158.1","url":null,"abstract":"Direct evidence of isolated transient atmospheric events are rarely preserved in the geological record, yet when observed can provide valuable insight into ancient atmospheric and sediment transport processes. Climbing wind ripple strata (specifically termed supercritical climbing translatent strata) were identified for the first time on Mars by the Curiosity rover within a sequence of aeolian strata in Gale crater. Here, six interstratified packages of climbing and planar wind ripple strata are described and interpreted. They resulted from fluctuating wind speed that varied sediment transport rates, combined with flow separation and expansion associated with a leeward slope. These conditions caused rapid deposition of sediment onto migrating wind ripples, occasionally resulting in supercritical angles of climb, recording gusting winds that originated from the south. Interstratified packages of climbing wind ripple strata uniquely record a broader sustained event such as a sandstorm, potentially lasting several hours or more.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contourite deposits reveal late Paleocene to early Eocene deepwater circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea 挪威-格陵兰海的廓长岩沉积揭示了古新世晚期至始新世早期的深水环流
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-29 DOI: 10.1130/g54183.1
Tor O. Sømme, Jakob Skogseid, Pål Trygve Sandbakken, Roger David Burgess, Erik Anthonissen
{"title":"Contourite deposits reveal late Paleocene to early Eocene deepwater circulation in the Norwegian-Greenland Sea","authors":"Tor O. Sømme, Jakob Skogseid, Pål Trygve Sandbakken, Roger David Burgess, Erik Anthonissen","doi":"10.1130/g54183.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54183.1","url":null,"abstract":"The history of deep-water circulation between the Norwegian-Greenland Sea (NGS) and the North Atlantic Ocean is poorly constrained for the Paleocene to early Eocene—a period characterized by prolonged rifting and subsequent seafloor spreading. We integrate seismic stratigraphy and biostratigraphy from the NGS to demonstrate several phases of bottom-current erosion and deposition, indicating deepwater circulation before and during breakup. A confined contourite depositional system developed in the central NGS during the late Paleocene. This phase was followed by an ∼2 m.y. period of reduced circulation in the earliest Eocene, when a volcanic landmass restricted the marine connections to the North Atlantic. Renewed bottom-current activity in the earliest Eocene led to widespread contourite deposition along an ∼350 km stretch of the western NGS. This circulation system consisted of a southward-flowing western branch and a northward-flowing eastern branch, resembling Neogene to modern circulation patterns. Our results indicate that bottom-current activity predates previous records of contourite drift deposits in the NGS, and that the timing and distribution of contourite deposition were strongly controlled by the evolving basin configuration. We link early Eocene deepwater circulation to the formation of new seaways during breakup and seafloor spreading, rather than bathymetric changes of distant ocean gateways. These results have important implications for basin segmentation during the rift-to-drift transition and for reconstructing early deepwater exchange between the NGS and the North Atlantic.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tropical forcing of midlatitude terrestrial hydroclimate during the Late Cretaceous 晚白垩纪中纬度陆地水文气候的热带强迫
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-27 DOI: 10.1130/g54399.1
Zhifeng Zhang, Yongjian Huang, Qiuzhen Yin, Xiang Li, Daming Yang, Chao Ma, Chengshan Wang
{"title":"Tropical forcing of midlatitude terrestrial hydroclimate during the Late Cretaceous","authors":"Zhifeng Zhang, Yongjian Huang, Qiuzhen Yin, Xiang Li, Daming Yang, Chao Ma, Chengshan Wang","doi":"10.1130/g54399.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54399.1","url":null,"abstract":"During the ice-free Cretaceous, the tropics have been proposed as key drivers of global climate, yet direct mid- to high-latitude evidence remains absent. Here, we present centennial-resolution geochemical records of hydroclimatic variability from early Campanian (83.62−83.14 Ma) midlatitude lacustrine successions. The records exhibit significant sub-precessional cycles at 10−12 k.y. and 5−5.4 k.y., and other millennial-scale cycles, primarily at ∼3.6 k.y., ∼2.6−2.5 k.y., and ∼2.3 k.y. High-precision chronology, phase locking of different proxies, and eccentricity-modulated amplitudes identify these sub-precessional signals as semi- and quarter-precession cycles. As these signals are most consistent with a tropical origin, their footprints in midlatitude hydroclimate records highlight the tropical control on climate during this greenhouse interval. Such low- to high-latitude teleconnection would provide efficient poleward heat and moisture transport, helping to reconcile the anomalously warm Cretaceous poles under a weak meridional temperature gradient. We further show that the ∼3.6 k.y. and ∼2.6−2.5 k.y. cycles arise from semi- and quarter-precession cycles via combination of tones and harmonics, whereas the ∼2.3 k.y. cycles are most likely linked to solar activity, underscoring their persistence throughout geological history.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"297 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Late Glacial to early Holocene hydroclimate and environmental changes in northern Central America coupled to upstream regional monsoon convection 晚冰期至全新世早期中美洲北部与上游区域季风对流耦合的水文气候和环境变化
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54539.1
Giuseppe Lucia, Davide Zanchettin, Amos Winter, Hai Cheng, Angelo Rubino, Osmín J. Vásquez, Matthew S. Lachniet
{"title":"Late Glacial to early Holocene hydroclimate and environmental changes in northern Central America coupled to upstream regional monsoon convection","authors":"Giuseppe Lucia, Davide Zanchettin, Amos Winter, Hai Cheng, Angelo Rubino, Osmín J. Vásquez, Matthew S. Lachniet","doi":"10.1130/g54539.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54539.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical oxygen isotope (δ18O) records from terrestrial archives such as speleothems have been commonly interpreted as proxies for regional-scale rainfall because δ18O of precipitation is inversely related to the amount of upstream rainout. However, speleothem δ18O values can be decoupled from local rainfall amount at the study site, highlighting the need for local rainfall-sensitive proxies. Here we combine previously published oxygen records with carbon and uranium isotope data from four replicated, precisely dated stalagmites from Guatemala to show that local rainfall at our study site has been tightly coupled with regional upstream Caribbean atmospheric dynamics over the last deglaciation and the Holocene (18,000−4000 yr B.P.). Reduced local rainfall and diminished soil and vegetation activity coincide with widespread weakening of upstream regional convection during Heinrich Stadial 1 and the Younger Dryas. In contrast, strong regional convection aligns with enhanced local wetness during the Bølling-Allerød warm period and the early Holocene. Our multiproxy record, supported by isotope-enabled model simulations, demonstrates a strong sensitivity of local hydroclimate to changes in upstream regional monsoonal convection across Central America and the Caribbean. Furthermore, persistently low δ13C values during the cold and dry HS1 and YD intervals suggest that C3 vegetation likely remained dominant in the Guatemala highlands throughout the deglacial period. Our analysis shows that changes in regional atmospheric circulation strongly influence local hydrology and environmental processes in northern Central America and provides new climatic context for assessing past (and potentially future) ecosystem and biodiversity responses to rapid climate changes.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Prolonged storage of supervolcanic magma revealed by titanium diffusion in plutonic K-feldspar 深成钾长石中钛的扩散揭示了超火山岩浆的长期储存
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54166.1
Hou-Bin Chen, Wei-Qiang Ji, Shao-Hua Zhang, Fu-Yuan Wu
{"title":"Prolonged storage of supervolcanic magma revealed by titanium diffusion in plutonic K-feldspar","authors":"Hou-Bin Chen, Wei-Qiang Ji, Shao-Hua Zhang, Fu-Yuan Wu","doi":"10.1130/g54166.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54166.1","url":null,"abstract":"Supereruptions, which discharge >450 km3 of magma, are among Earth’s most extreme volcanic events. Although their eruptive phases are brief (days to years), the buildup and storage of silicic magma reservoirs can span millions of years. These reservoirs typically exist as crystal-rich mushes that may be thermally reactivated, sustaining long-term eruption potential. However, direct constraints on their longevity, especially from intrusive records, remain scarce, limiting our ability to assess the long-term volcanic hazards. Here, we constrain the minimum lifespan of a silicic magma reservoir by modeling titanium (Ti) diffusion in K-feldspar megacrysts from early Eocene quartz monzonites linked to the Pangduo supereruption in the southern Tibetan Plateau. X-ray fluorescence mapping and trace element analyses reveal reverse Ti zoning indicative of mafic recharge. Diffusion chronometry constrains the interval between the final pre-eruptive recharge and reservoir solidification to >100−1000 k.y. Thermal modeling demonstrates that recharge-induced reheating can maintain upper-crustal magma temperatures (>800 °C) over comparable durations. These findings provide direct evidence from plutonic rocks that near-eruption silicic reservoirs can persist for hundreds of thousands of years, thereby bridging short-term volcanic signals with long-term storage inferred from intrusive records.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"49 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Short, steep, and supercritical—Submarine fans in active rifts 短的、陡峭的、超临界的海底扇在活动裂谷中
IF 5.8 1区 地球科学
Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54204.1
Rob L. Gawthorpe, Mohamed Mohamed, Martin Muravchik, David M. Hodgson, Richard E.LI. Collier, Petter Lågstad, Dimitris Sakellariou
{"title":"Short, steep, and supercritical—Submarine fans in active rifts","authors":"Rob L. Gawthorpe, Mohamed Mohamed, Martin Muravchik, David M. Hodgson, Richard E.LI. Collier, Petter Lågstad, Dimitris Sakellariou","doi":"10.1130/g54204.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54204.1","url":null,"abstract":"High-resolution seafloor data from the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, reveal new insights into rift-margin submarine fans deposited at the base of fault scarps. The steep (13°) Sythas canyon cuts into the submarine Lykoporia fault and is carpeted by low-relief, elongate rhomboidal bed forms. Across the fault, the canyon passes abruptly into the 6-km-radius Sythas submarine fan. The proximal fan (∼3° gradient) contains multiple discontinuous channels, erosional cyclic steps, and scour fields. Channels shallow and broaden onto the medial fan (∼1° gradient), which is characterized by trains of depositional cyclic steps that pass into low-relief lobes on the distal fan (∼0.18° gradient). These morphological relationships compare to the submarine slopes of fan deltas and submarine fans in fjords but contrast markedly with established channel-levee distributary models of submarine fans. Sediment gravity flows were likely stratified, with a thin, concentrated, coarse-grained, and supercritical basal layer. Smooth interchannel areas suggest the basal layer (<5 m thick) was contained within erosional relief, before dissipating rapidly within ∼3 km of the canyon mouth, with flows transformed into dilute, subcritical turbidity currents on the distal fan. This is the first time a continuum of proximal to distal bed forms has been documented on an active base-of-fault-scarp submarine fan and linked to sediment-gravity-flow structure and transitions from supercritical through transcritical to subcritical conditions.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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