IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54320.1

Sophie Coulson, Ryan J. Leary

{"title":"Continental levering explains up to ∼30% variation in magnitude of Pennsylvanian sea-level cycles recorded in cyclic stratigraphy","authors":"Sophie Coulson, Ryan J. Leary","doi":"10.1130/g54320.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54320.1","url":null,"abstract":"The cyclic waxing and waning of continental ice sheets during global icehouse periods is a major driver of sea-level rise and fall. Globally exposed late Paleozoic cyclic strata are interpreted to record sea-level fluctuations driven by orbitally forced glacial-interglacial cycles. However, the maximum relative sea-level (RSL) change is controversial, with estimates ranging from 0 m to &gt;120 m. Previous estimates of, and long-distance stratigraphic correlations based on, late Paleozoic sea level assumed a “bathtub” approach that does not account for the complex spatiotemporal patterns of sea-level change that develop during cycles of ice-sheet retreat and growth due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). Here, we explore the extent to which GIA contributed to the observed spatial variations in the maximum RSL change during the late Paleozoic. Our model predictions show that location relative to initial (glacial) marine shoreline controls ∼30% of local ice-age maximum RSL in far-field (relative to ice sheets) locations, and stratigraphic estimates show similar trends. This pattern is due to continental levering processes in which ocean loading leads to proximal continental upwarping. Additionally, we show that except for ice-sheet-proximal areas, sea-level cycles are in phase such that transgression-regression cycles should correlate across large distances.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

First experimental evaluation of zircon-in-garnet elastic thermobarometry at high pressures 高压下石榴石中锆弹性测温法的首次实验评价

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54299.1

Megan M. Koch, Joseph P. Gonzalez, Ross J. Angel, Jay B. Thomas

{"title":"First experimental evaluation of zircon-in-garnet elastic thermobarometry at high pressures","authors":"Megan M. Koch, Joseph P. Gonzalez, Ross J. Angel, Jay B. Thomas","doi":"10.1130/g54299.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54299.1","url":null,"abstract":"Zircon inclusions in garnet (ZiG) can be used as an elastic thermobarometer to estimate the pressure-temperature (P-T) conditions of geologic processes. Although this method is being increasingly applied as a thermometer to natural samples, experimental evaluation of ZiG is limited and has not been investigated at geologically relevant pressures. We present the first high-pressure assessment of the reliability of ZiG thermobarometry by crystallizing almandine with zircon inclusions in piston-cylinder experiments between 700−900 °C and 2.0−3.0 GPa. Zircons entrapped in experiments at &gt;2.0 GPa yield residual inclusion pressures within 1σ of predicted values and yield entrapment temperatures within 17−30 °C of experimental T. Zircon inclusions in experiments performed at 2.0 GPa yield average inclusion pressures that are ∼0.09 GPa higher than predicted values and therefore yield entrapment temperatures 65−73 °C higher than the experimental T. Evaluation of inclusion pressure trends shows that ZiG host-inclusion systems did not undergo non-elastic deformation during experimental exhumation, confirming that ZiG elastic thermobarometry can accurately record P-T conditions of garnet crystallization so long as zircon inclusions do not go into tension post-entrapment. Our high-pressure experiments suggest that the ZiG host-inclusion system may be applicable to a variety of geologic settings and processes, such as subduction zone metamorphism, partial melting, and contact metamorphism.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"63 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Balancing Yellowstone’s hydrothermal heat budget with a seismically constrained magma reservoir 用地震约束的岩浆储层平衡黄石公园的热液收支

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-25 DOI: 10.1130/g54324.1

Wenkai Song, Brandon Schmandt, Frederic Y.K. Lam, Chenglong Duan, Jamie Farrell, Fan-Chi Lin, Ross Maguire, Lindsay L. Worthington, Leif Karlstrom

{"title":"Balancing Yellowstone’s hydrothermal heat budget with a seismically constrained magma reservoir","authors":"Wenkai Song, Brandon Schmandt, Frederic Y.K. Lam, Chenglong Duan, Jamie Farrell, Fan-Chi Lin, Ross Maguire, Lindsay L. Worthington, Leif Karlstrom","doi":"10.1130/g54324.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54324.1","url":null,"abstract":"Yellowstone’s vigorous hydrothermal system has long been recognized, but it remains challenging to quantify its magmatic heat supply. Here, we use two controlled-source seismic reflection transects and 3-D passive-source tomography to guide a simple model of magmatic heat supply coupled to a thermodynamic model of hydrothermal reservoir convection. Key model properties are the surface area of the magmatic-hydrothermal interface, conductive-boundary-layer thickness, and the temperature difference between the top of the magma reservoir and the base of the hydrothermal system. Magmatic temperature is set to an estimated rhyolite solidus, and the base of the hydrothermal system is estimated near the critical point for water. Seismic reflections are consistent with a conductive boundary layer thickness of ∼120 m or less, and a shear-velocity-tomography contour that encloses the reflections has an area of ∼1190 km2 (40% of the 0.63 Ma caldera). The magmatic heat supply model predicts at least 7.5 GW, which is consistent with a prior geochemical estimate of 6.6 GW of output to surface water and ∼12% convective heat loss. The new results support the feasibility of system-scale geothermal budget estimation for onshore magmatic and hydrothermal reservoirs.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147535907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tourmaline fault mirrors record seismic slip on N-S normal faults in the Himalayan orogen 电气石断层镜记录了喜马拉雅造山带南北向正断层上的地震滑动

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-06 DOI: 10.1130/g54248.1

Lining Cheng, Jianye Chen, Yongsheng Zhou, Christopher J. Spiers

{"title":"Tourmaline fault mirrors record seismic slip on N-S normal faults in the Himalayan orogen","authors":"Lining Cheng, Jianye Chen, Yongsheng Zhou, Christopher J. Spiers","doi":"10.1130/g54248.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54248.1","url":null,"abstract":"A prominent set of N-S−trending normal faults hosts most of the destructive earthquakes in the central Tibetan Plateau, including the 2025 Mw 7.1 Dingri earthquake. The source physics of these earthquakes is unclear. However, fault mirrors provide important records of fault slip. We found a special type of fault mirror, tourmaline fault mirrors (TFMs), to be remarkably widespread in the N-S normal fault systems of the Himalayan orogen, these being intermittently yet repeatedly exposed for tens of kilometers along strike, suggesting that the TFMs likely hosted large earthquakes. Here, we report the first field- to nanoscale study of these TFMs from the Mount Everest area. Microstructural analyses show that a typical TFM consists of three distinct layers, from the slip surface to the gneiss host rock: a 30−80-nm-thick film of amorphous tourmaline, a net-textured layer (20−100 µm) containing tourmaline clasts in an amorphous tourmaline matrix, and a dynamically recrystallized layer of tourmaline grains (≤400 µm). The observed amorphous material, micropores, and embayed residual tourmaline grains, combined with Ti-in-quartz thermometry implying temperatures &gt;840 °C at the slip surface, suggest that the TFMs formed by frictional melting during seismic slip on tourmaline-filled veins. Combining unstable frictional slip data for tourmaline gouge at 200−300 °C with the coexistence of tourmaline cataclasites and TFMs, we propose that tourmaline veins play a key role in controlling seismic rupture on the N-S normal fault systems of the Himalayan orogen.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subsurface gas hydrate plugs 地下天然气水合物塞

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-05 DOI: 10.1130/g54292.1

Benedict L. Campbell, Mads Huuse

引用次数: 0

Role of serpentinization in platinum group element (PGE) mobilization—Evidence from experiments 蛇纹石化在铂族元素（PGE）动员中的作用——来自实验的证据

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1130/g53970.1

Stefano Tenuta, Katy A. Evans, Steven M. Reddy, David W. Saxey, Denis Fougerouse, Brian Tattitch

{"title":"Role of serpentinization in platinum group element (PGE) mobilization—Evidence from experiments","authors":"Stefano Tenuta, Katy A. Evans, Steven M. Reddy, David W. Saxey, Denis Fougerouse, Brian Tattitch","doi":"10.1130/g53970.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53970.1","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing conditions are typical of incipient serpentinization in which sulfides and alloys break down to form secondary phases. Sulfides and alloys are the main hosts of platinum group elements (PGEs) in serpentinites, and the role of serpentinization in the remobilization of these elements is controversial. Here, we replicated early serpentinization using cold-seal pressure vessels, reacting a mixture of olivine, synthetic laurite, and water at 50 MPa and temperatures of 250−350 °C for durations of 1−4 d. Olivine reacts partially to form serpentine and brucite. Laurite breaks down to form RuSx with variable Ru:S ratios plus euhedral FeS grains. There are no systematic relationships among temperature, time, water content, and the composition of the Ru phase. No neoformed Ru phases were identified, consistent with limited Ru mobility during serpentinization. Silicate mineral assemblages and breakdown of primary laurite are consistent with observations in natural and experimental systems where incipient serpentinization occurred at highly reducing conditions. The results are consistent with decoupling of Ir group PGEs and Pd group PGEs during serpentinization and suggest that serpentinization may affect PGEs differently in different geodynamic settings, with consequences for global PGE cycling.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian tectonic subsidence modeling supports polyphase extension of the western continental margin of Laurentia 贝叶斯构造沉降模拟支持Laurentia西部大陆边缘的多期伸展

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-04 DOI: 10.1130/g54081.1

Tianran Zhang, C. Brenhin Keller, Jessica R. Creveling, Reina Harding, Lyle L. Nelson, Emily F. Smith, Justin V. Strauss

{"title":"Bayesian tectonic subsidence modeling supports polyphase extension of the western continental margin of Laurentia","authors":"Tianran Zhang, C. Brenhin Keller, Jessica R. Creveling, Reina Harding, Lyle L. Nelson, Emily F. Smith, Justin V. Strauss","doi":"10.1130/g54081.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54081.1","url":null,"abstract":"Geological data and basin subsidence modeling results from the western margin of North America (Laurentia) have supported a late Ediacaran to early Cambrian age for the onset of passive margin sedimentation following the protracted breakup of Rodinia. However, several recent studies posit that increased early Cambrian subsidence may instead be driven primarily by eustatic sea-level rise. Here, we present new quantitative subsidence analyses of Neoproterozoic−Paleozoic strata in the southern Great Basin, USA, using decompaction, backstripping, and Bayesian thermal subsidence modeling methods that statistically propagate uncertainties. Our results support polyphase extension along the ancestral western margin of Laurentia and are consistent with a rift-drift transition in southwestern Laurentia that broadly overlaps with the Ediacaran−Cambrian transition. Although we do not discount the role of eustasy in facilitating increased accommodation space in the early Cambrian, the magnitude and local variability of this signal require additional tectonic forcings.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pacing supercontinent rhythms from the metallogenic record 从成矿记录看超大陆节律的节奏

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1130/g54471.1

C.L. Kirkland

引用次数: 0

The surface response to two episodes of lithosphere underthrusting and detachment during Tibetan Plateau growth 青藏高原生长过程中两次岩石圈逆冲拆离的地表响应

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-03-03 DOI: 10.1130/g54475.1

Er-Kun Xue, Qiang Wang, David Chew, Wei-Wei Xue, Wang-Chao Li, Tong-Yu Huang

{"title":"The surface response to two episodes of lithosphere underthrusting and detachment during Tibetan Plateau growth","authors":"Er-Kun Xue, Qiang Wang, David Chew, Wei-Wei Xue, Wang-Chao Li, Tong-Yu Huang","doi":"10.1130/g54475.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g54475.1","url":null,"abstract":"Interactions between orogenic plateau growth and environmental change, which play a key role in shaping Earth, are most pronounced in the Tibetan Plateau, affording the opportunity to explore how tectonics is coupled to surface processes during plateau uplift. The Linzhou and Wuyu depocenters of the regional intermontane basin in the Gangdese arc record a similar paleodrainage and surface evolution at ca. 60−48 Ma and 31−0 Ma, respectively, as detected by detrital zircon and apatite provenance analysis. A switch in detrital zircon and apatite populations from old and complex (polycyclic) to predominantly post−70 Ma sources in both sections highlights a decrease in sediment supply from external sources, likely caused by high-relief topography arising from surface uplift blocking distal headwaters. Abundant syndepositional zircon and apatite document rapid exhumation at ca. 54−51 Ma and 15−8 Ma, respectively, followed by a return to old (pre−70 Ma) sources with polycyclic zircon implying reactivated distal headwaters due to subsidence. The similar surface uplift and subsidence histories of the two locations in the Gangdese arc basin can be best explained by detachment of the Neo-Tethyan oceanic slab and Indian continental lithosphere, respectively, consistent with crustal thinning documented by Eu anomalies in detrital zircon. Lithospheric foundering led to asthenospheric upwelling and removed downward slab pull beneath Lhasa, triggering magmatism and uplift followed by surface subsidence linked to ongoing underthrusting. Consequently, two similar episodes of paleoelevation variations resulted from these two phases of lithospheric detachment.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147371240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Deformed submarine terraces in Puget Sound, Pacific Northwest, indicate only one M >∼7.5 earthquake on the Seattle fault zone in the past 11,000 yr 太平洋西北部普吉特海湾的海底阶地变形表明，在过去的11000年里，西雅图断裂带上只发生过一次M b> ~ 7.5级地震

IF 5.8 1区地球科学

Geology Pub Date : 2026-02-27 DOI: 10.1130/g53496.1

Elizabeth J. Davis, Juliet G. Crider, Ralph A. Haugerud, Emily Roland, Ginevra Moore

{"title":"Deformed submarine terraces in Puget Sound, Pacific Northwest, indicate only one M >∼7.5 earthquake on the Seattle fault zone in the past 11,000 yr","authors":"Elizabeth J. Davis, Juliet G. Crider, Ralph A. Haugerud, Emily Roland, Ginevra Moore","doi":"10.1130/g53496.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1130/g53496.1","url":null,"abstract":"Submerged marine terraces in Puget Sound, deformed across the Seattle fault zone (SFZ), indicate that only one earthquake as large as M ∼7.5 has occurred in at least the past 11 k.y. Previous paleoseismic studies documented an M ∼7.5 earthquake between 923 and 924 CE, which uplifted coastal marine terraces by as much as 8 m. We demonstrated that this earthquake was the only such event since ca. 11 ka by mapping and quantifying deformation of older marine terraces that are now submerged in Puget Sound. The submerged terraces, attributed to a late-glacial sea-level lowstand, record both glacial isostatic rebound and tectonic deformation. Vertical offset of the ca. 11 ka terraces within the SFZ is comparable to that of the marine terraces uplifted in 923 CE, implying no additional large (M &gt;∼7.5) earthquake on the SFZ since ca. 11 ka. This result implies a longer recurrence interval than current hazard estimates, which assume recurrence of M &gt;7.1 events every 5 k.y. Our mapping of SFZ deformation since ca. 11 ka also supports fault segmentation and contiguous block uplift between the Seattle and Tacoma fault zones.","PeriodicalId":12642,"journal":{"name":"Geology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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