Water science and engineering最新文献

{"title":"New challenges of water disasters: Mechanisms, identification, and risks of abrupt transitions between drought and flood","authors":"Shan-shui Yuan, Zi-yan Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 259-261"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prediction models for scour depth around circular compound bridge piers","authors":"Siva Krishna Reddy,&nbsp;Venu Chandra","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Scour around bridge pier foundations is a complex phenomenon that can threaten structural stability. Accurate prediction of scour depth around compound piers remains challenging for bridge engineers. This study investigated the effect of foundation elevation on scour around compound piers and developed reliable scour depth prediction models for economical foundation design. Experiments were conducted under clear-water conditions using two circular piers: (1) a uniform pier (with a diameter of <em>D</em>) and (2) a compound pier consisting of a uniform pier resting on a circular foundation (with a foundation diameter (<em>D</em>_f) of 2<em>D</em>) positioned at various elevations (<em>Z</em>) relative to the channel bed. Results showed that foundation elevation significantly affected scour depth. Foundations at or below the bed (<em>Z</em>/<em>D</em> ≥ 0) reduced scour, while those projecting into the flow field (<em>Z</em>/<em>D</em> &lt; 0) increased scour. The optimal foundation elevation was found to be 0.1<em>D</em> below the bed level, yielding a 57% reduction in scour depth compared to the uniform pier due to its shielding effect against downflow and horseshoe vortices. In addition, regression, artificial neural network (ANN), and M5 model tree models were developed using experimental data from this and previous studies. The M5 model outperformed the traditional HEC-18 equation, regression, and ANN models, with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.85. Sensitivity analysis indicated that flow depth, foundation elevation, and diameter significantly influenced scour depth prediction, whereas sediment size had a lesser impact.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 378-390"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative experimental study of bisphenol A degradation via sulfate radical and electron transfer mechanisms in persulfate-activated advanced oxidation processes","authors":"Jian Fan,&nbsp;Jia-long Li,&nbsp;Bing-qian Deng,&nbsp;Jie-xin Wang,&nbsp;Wen-bin An,&nbsp;Yu-mei Li,&nbsp;Peng Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Addressing the growing challenge of water contamination, this study comparatively evaluated a persulfate (PDS) system activated by non-radical nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes (N-CNTs) versus a PDS system activated by radical-based iron (Fe²⁺), both used for the degradation of bisphenol A (BPA). The N-CNTs/PDS system, driven by the electron transfer mechanism, achieved remarkable 90.9% BPA removal within 30 min at high BPA concentrations, significantly outperforming the Fe²⁺/PDS system, which attained only 38.9% removal. The N-CNTs/PDS system maintained robust degradation efficiency across a wide range of BPA concentrations and exhibited a high degree of resilience in diverse water matrices. By directly abstracting electrons from BPA molecules, the N-CNTs/PDS system effectively minimised oxidant wastage and mitigated the risk of secondary pollution, ensuring efficient utilisation of active sites on N-CNTs and sustaining a high catalytic rate. The formation of the N-CNTs-PDS∗ complex significantly enhanced BPA degradation and mineralisation, thereby optimising PDS consumption. These findings highlight the unparalleled advantages of the N-CNTs/PDS system in managing complex wastewater, offering a promising and innovative solution for treating complex industrial wastewater and advancing environmental remediation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 288-300"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effective bromate removal from water utilizing ZIF-67 and ZIF-67/GO nanocomposites: Optimization and mechanism analysis","authors":"Alaa El Din Mahmoud ,&nbsp;Rominder Suri","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bromate (<span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span>) is a toxic disinfection byproduct frequently formed during ozonation in water treatment processes and is classified as a potential human carcinogen. Its effective removal from drinking water is therefore a pressing concern for public health and environmental safety. This study investigated the removal of <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> from water using the synthesized zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF)-67 and ZIF-67/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites through a comparative approach. The morphology, composition, and crystallinity of both ZIFs were characterized. The effects of four independent parameters (initial <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> concentration, pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time) on <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> removal efficiency were examined. A strong correlation was observed between experimental and predicted values. GO enhanced <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> removal not only through synergistic interactions with ZIF-67 but also by improving dispersion and providing additional functional groups that facilitate electrostatic interactions and adsorption. The Box–Behnken design was employed to evaluate both individual and interactive effects of the parameters on <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> removal, achieving an optimum removal efficiency of approximately 99.6% using 1.5 g/L of ZIF-67/GO at a pH value of 4 with an initial <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> concentration of 2 mg/L. The optimization process was further supported by desirability analysis. The <span><math><mrow><msubsup><mtext>BrO</mtext><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo></msubsup></mrow></math></span> removal mechanisms are primarily attributed to porosity, electrostatic interactions, and adsorption onto active sites. Compared to ZIF-67 alone, ZIF-67/GO demonstrated superior anion removal efficiency, highlighting its potential for water treatment applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 301-311"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimising a novel biofilm-based process using Neurospora discreta for enhanced treatment of lignin-rich wastewater","authors":"Himani Taneja ,&nbsp;Shamas Tabraiz ,&nbsp;Asma Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Paper and pulp mills generate substantial volumes of wastewater containing lignin-derived compounds that are challenging to degrade using conventional wastewater treatment methods. This study presents a novel biofilm-based process for enhanced lignin removal in wastewater using the fungus <em>Neurospora discreta</em>, which effectively degrades lignin and forms robust biofilms at the air–liquid interface under specific conditions. The process was optimised using the Taguchi design of experiments approach, and three factors including pH, copper sulphate concentration, and trace element concentration were evaluated at three levels. Experimental data were analysed against three responses: lignin degradation efficiency and the activities of two ligninolytic enzymes (polyphenol oxidase and versatile peroxidase). The results indicated that wastewater pH was the most significant parameter affecting lignin degradation efficiency and enzyme activities. Over 70% lignin degradation was achieved at pH levels of 5 and 6 with copper sulphate concentrations above 4 mg/L, while degradation efficiency drastically dropped to 45% at a pH value of 7. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography analysis demonstrated the effects of the three factors on the polar and non-polar components of lignin in wastewater, revealing a clear decrease in all peak areas after treatment. Additionally, significant relationships were observed between biofilm properties (including porosity, water retention value, polysaccharide content, and protein content) and lignin removal efficiency. This study also reported for the first time the presence of versatile peroxidase, a ligninolytic enzyme, in <em>Neurospora</em> sp<em>.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 141-150"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of backwater effect in Jingjiang Reach due to confluence with Dongting Lake using a machine learning model","authors":"Hai-xin Shang ,&nbsp;Jun-qiang Xia ,&nbsp;Chun-hong Hu ,&nbsp;Mei-rong Zhou ,&nbsp;Shan-shan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The backwater effect caused by tributary inflow can significantly elevate the water level profile upstream of a confluence point. However, the influence of mainstream and confluence discharges on the backwater effect in a river reach remains unclear. In this study, various hydrological data collected from the Jingjiang Reach of the Yangtze River in China were statistically analyzed to determine the backwater degree and range with three representative mainstream discharges. The results indicated that the backwater degree increased with mainstream discharge, and a positive relationship was observed between the runoff ratio and backwater degree at specific representative mainstream discharges. Following the operation of the Three Gorges Project, the backwater effect in the Jingjiang Reach diminished. For instance, mean backwater degrees for low, moderate, and high mainstream discharges were recorded as 0.83 m, 1.61 m, and 2.41 m during the period from 1990 to 2002, whereas these values decreased to 0.30 m, 0.95 m, and 2.08 m from 2009 to 2020. The backwater range extended upstream as mainstream discharge increased from 7 000 m³/s to 30 000 m³/s. Moreover, a random forest-based machine learning model was used to quantify the backwater effect with varying mainstream and confluence discharges, accounting for the impacts of mainstream discharge, confluence discharge, and channel degradation in the Jingjiang Reach. At the Jianli Hydrological Station, a decrease in mainstream discharge during flood seasons resulted in a 7%–15% increase in monthly mean backwater degree, while an increase in mainstream discharge during dry seasons led to a 1%–15% decrease in monthly mean backwater degree. Furthermore, increasing confluence discharge from Dongting Lake during June to July and September to November resulted in an 11%–42% increase in monthly mean backwater degree. Continuous channel degradation in the Jingjiang Reach contributed to a 6%–19% decrease in monthly mean backwater degree. Under the influence of these factors, the monthly mean backwater degree in 2017 varied from a decrease of 53% to an increase of 37% compared to corresponding values in 1991.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 187-199"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking drought definition and classification","authors":"Wen Wang,&nbsp;Hao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 125-128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Photocatalytic purification of dye-containing wastewater using a novel embedded hybrid TiO2–slag catalyst heterojunction nanocomposite coupled with statistical models: A sustainable and techno-economic approach","authors":"Kingsley Safo ,&nbsp;Norbert Onen Rubangakene ,&nbsp;Hussien Noby ,&nbsp;Ahmed H. El-Shazly","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.02.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The steel industry produces many byproducts, requiring extensive land for storage and causing significant environmental contamination. Industrial effluents discharged into water bodies negatively impact both aquatic ecosystems and human health. To solve this problem, this study synthesized a composite of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and steel slag nanocomposites (SSNC) at a 1:2 mass ratio to create a robust photocatalyst for the treatment of synthetic wastewater. The efficacy of this catalyst in degrading various dye pollutants, including methylene blue (MB), was tested under simulated solar light conditions. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess the physical and chemical characteristics, crystalline structure, energy gap, and point of zero charge of the composite. The TiO₂-SSNC composite catalyst exhibited excellent stability, with a point of zero charge at 8.342 and an energy gap of 2.4 eV. The degradation process conformed to pseudo-first-order kinetics. Optimization of operational parameters was achieved through the response surface methodology. Reusability tests demonstrated that the TiO₂-SSNC composite catalyst effectively degraded up to 93.41% of MB in the suspended mode and 92.03% in the coated mode after five cycles. Additionally, the degradation efficiencies for various dyes were significant, highlighting the potential of the composite for broad applications in industrial wastewater treatment. This study also explored the degradation mechanisms and identified byproducts, establishing a pathway for contaminant breakdown. The cost-benefit analysis revealed a total cost of 0.842 8 USD per cubic meter for each treatment activity, indicating low operational and production costs. These findings underscore the promise of the TiO₂-SSNC composite as a cost-effective and efficient alternative for wastewater purification.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 151-164"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immobilization of MnO2 nanoflowers on coils using direct heating method for organic pollutant remediation","authors":"Sin Ling Chiam ,&nbsp;Swee-Yong Pung ,&nbsp;Chee Meng Koe ,&nbsp;Fei Yee Yeoh","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.09.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The immobilization of catalysts on supporting substrates for the removal of organic pollutants is a crucial strategy for mitigating catalyst loss during wastewater treatment. This study presented a rapid and cost-effective direct heating method for synthesizing MnO₂ nanoflowers on coil substrates for the removal of organic pollutants. Traditional methods often require high power, expensive equipment, and long synthesis times. In contrast, the direct heating approach successfully synthesized MnO₂ nanoflowers in just 10 min with a heating power of approximately 40 W·h after the heating power and duration were optimized. These nanoflowers effectively degraded 99% Rhodamine B in 60 min with consistent repeatability. The catalytic mechanisms are attributed to crystal defects in MnO₂, which generate electrons to produce H₂O₂. Mn²⁺ ions in the acidic solution further dissociate H₂O₂ molecules into hydroxyl radicals (·OH). The high efficiency of this synthesis method and the excellent reusability of MnO₂ nanoflowers highlight their potential as a promising solution for the development of supporting MnO₂ catalysts for organic dye removal applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 165-176"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-dimensional numerical simulation of mixing patterns at open channel confluences","authors":"Ali Aghazadegan ,&nbsp;Ali Shokri","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Open channel confluences, where two streams or rivers converge, play a crucial role in hydraulic engineering and river dynamics. These confluences are characterized by complex hydrodynamics influenced by the discharge ratios of merging water bodies. This study investigated the mixing structure at open channel confluences using three-dimensional numerical modeling. A comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model was developed and validated against a dataset obtained from controlled laboratory experiments. This dataset incorporated three-dimensional time-averaged velocity measurements. The skew-induced and stress-induced equation systems were adopted as the core governing equations, providing a framework for simulating various scenarios. A total of ten different cases were analyzed. The results highlighted the effect of discharge ratios on turbulence, lateral and vertical vorticities, and the distribution of mixing, which intensified with higher magnitudes of discharge ratios. The mixing structure, driven by velocity gradients and vorticity, revealed the significant role of lateral and vertical vorticities in determining hydrodynamic behaviors and mixing distributions at confluences. Specifically, the momentum ratio of incoming flows governed the spatial evolution of mixing processes. This study revealed that the distribution of mixing served as a key indicator for identifying the formation of mid-channel scours. High normalized velocities induced toward the left bank led to the superelevation of the water surface, enhancing the potential for bed material and the formation of significant scour holes beneath the elevated water surface. This novel approach provides a deeper understanding of the mixing patterns at confluences, particularly in scenarios with equilibrated discharge ratios but in different magnitudes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 236-246"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}