Water science and engineering最新文献_第10页

Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species 河流水体重金属污染及强效微藻生态修复

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2023.04.001

Amudham Radha Amal Raj , Prabhakaran Mylsamy , V. Sivasankar , B. Sathish Kumar , Kiyoshi Omine , T.G. Sunitha

{"title":"Heavy metal pollution of river water and eco-friendly remediation using potent microalgal species","authors":"Amudham Radha Amal Raj , Prabhakaran Mylsamy , V. Sivasankar , B. Sathish Kumar , Kiyoshi Omine , T.G. Sunitha","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2023.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2023.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Pollution of rivers is mainly caused by anthropogenic activities such as discharge of effluent from industrial facilities, maintenance of sewage/effluent treatment plants, and dumping of solid waste on river banks. This study dealt with the pollution issues of the Cooum River in the well-known city of Chennai in South India. Water samples from 27 locations were collected and analyzed for 12 elements, including Ba, B, and Al, as well as heavy metals such as Pb, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cd. The samples showed levels of these elements that exceeded World Health Organization recommendations. Pearson correlation analysis revealed the inter-dependency among elements, and the contribution of each element based on factor loadings showed its percentage contribution compared to others. Water samples from six significant locations were chosen for remediation with three algae: <em>Chlorella vulgaris</em>, <em>Scenedesmus dimorphus</em>, and <em>Phormedium</em> sp. The uptake of pollutants led to the continuous growth of algae during the incubation period of 15 d, effectively removing heavy metals from the river water. The increasing levels of algal counts and the chlorophyll a content confirmed the algal growth during the incubation period, followed by a declining stage after the incubation period. The scanning electron microscopic images of algae before and after the remediation showed no remarkable modification of morphological patterns. This study showed that the uptake of heavy metals using algae is an effective water pollution remediation measure, making the process practicable in the field on a large scale in the near future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"17 1","pages":"Pages 41-50"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674237023000509/pdfft?md5=5558738bba67e5ef21508d41970a391c&pid=1-s2.0-S1674237023000509-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48811946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Operational guidance for aeration and flow augmentation for the Chicago Area Waterway System—A case study 芝加哥地区水道系统曝气和增流的操作指南——一个案例研究

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2023.03.003

Charles S. Melching , Jennifer Wasik , Ed Staudacher , Thomas Minarik

{"title":"Operational guidance for aeration and flow augmentation for the Chicago Area Waterway System—A case study","authors":"Charles S. Melching , Jennifer Wasik , Ed Staudacher , Thomas Minarik","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2023.03.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2023.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The Chicago Area Waterway System (CAWS) is a 133.9 km branching network of navigable waterways controlled by hydraulic structures, in which the majority of the flow is treated wastewater effluent and there are periods of substantial combined sewer overflows. The CAWS comprises a network of effluent dominated streams. More stringent dissolved oxygen (DO) standards and a reduced flow augmentation allowance have been recently applied to the CAWS. Therefore, a carefully calibrated and verified one-dimensional flow and water quality model was applied to the CAWS to determine emission-based real-time control guidelines for the operation of flow augmentation and aeration stations. The goal of these guidelines was to attain DO standards at least 95% of the time. The “optimal” guidelines were tested for representative normal, dry, and wet years. The finally proposed guidelines were found in the simulations to attain the 95% target for nearly all locations in the CAWS for the three test years. The developed operational guidelines have been applied since 2018 and have shown improved attainment of the DO standards throughout the CAWS while at the same time achieving similar energy use at the aeration stations on the Calumet River system, greatly lowered energy use on the Chicago River system, and greatly lowered discretionary diversion from Lake Michigan, meeting the recently enacted lower amount of allowed annual discretionary diversion. This case study indicates that emission-based real-time control developed from a well calibrated model holds potential to help many receiving water bodies achieve high attainment of water quality standards.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 4","pages":"Pages 345-358"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674237023000492/pdfft?md5=242e88eb551977da2ededd4fed78b2fb&pid=1-s2.0-S1674237023000492-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Experimental investigation and flow analysis of clear-water scour around pier and abutment in proximity 附近墩台清水冲刷试验研究及水流分析

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.12.001

Mohammad Saeed Fakhimjoo , Abdollah Ardeshir , Kourosh Behzadian , Hojat Karami

{"title":"Experimental investigation and flow analysis of clear-water scour around pier and abutment in proximity","authors":"Mohammad Saeed Fakhimjoo , Abdollah Ardeshir , Kourosh Behzadian , Hojat Karami","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Local scour around bridge piers and abutments is one of the most significant causes of bridge failure. Despite a plethora of studies on scour around individual bridge piers or abutments, few studies have focused on the joint impact of a pier and an abutment in proximity to one another on scour. This study conducted laboratory experiments and flow analyses to examine the interaction of piers and abutments and their effect on clear-water scour. The experiments were conducted in a rectangular laboratory flume. They included 18 main tests (with a combination of different types of piers and abutments) and five control tests (with individual piers or abutments). Three pier types (a rectangular pier with a rounded edge, a group of three cylindrical piers, and a single cylindrical pier) and two abutment types (a wing–wall abutment and a semi-circular abutment) were used. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter was used to measure the three-dimensional flow velocity for analyses of streamline, velocity magnitude, vertical velocity, and bed shear stress. The results showed that the velocity near the pier and abutment increased by up to 80%. The maximum scour depth around the abutment increased by up to 19%. In contrast, the maximum scour depth around the pier increased significantly by up to l71%. The presence of the pier in the vicinity of the abutment led to an increase in the scour hole volume by up to 87% relative to the case with a solitary abutment. Empirical equations were also derived to accurately estimate the maximum scour depth at the pier adjacent to the abutment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 94-105"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49566025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Slow-gathering areas of rivers, lakes, and reservoirs: Definition, estimation, and restoration 河流、湖泊和水库的缓慢聚集区:定义、估计和恢复

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.003

Ming Chen, Ya-fei Li, Chen Liu

引用次数: 0

Modeling impact of culture facilities on hydrodynamics and solute transport in marine aquaculture waters of North Yellow Sea 养殖设施对北黄海海水养殖水域水动力和溶质运移的模拟影响

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.005

Heng-zhi Jiang , Yong-peng Ji , Ming-liang Zhang

{"title":"Modeling impact of culture facilities on hydrodynamics and solute transport in marine aquaculture waters of North Yellow Sea","authors":"Heng-zhi Jiang , Yong-peng Ji , Ming-liang Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An increasing number of marine aquaculture facilities have been placed in shallow bays and open sea, which might significantly affect hydrodynamic and solute transport processes in marine aquaculture waters. In this study, a coupled hydrodynamic and solute transport model was developed with high-resolution schemes in marine aquaculture waters based on depth-averaged shallow water equations. A new expression of drag force was incorporated into the momentum equations to express the resistance of suspended culture cages. The coupled model was used to simulate the effect of suspended structures on tidal currents and the movement of a contaminant cloud in the marine aquaculture of the North Yellow Sea, China. The simulation results showed a low-velocity area appearing inside the aquaculture cage area, with a maximum reduction rate of velocity close to 45% under high-density culture. The results also showed that tidal currents were sensitive to the density of suspended cages, the length of cages, and the drag coefficients of cages. The transport processes of pollutants inside aquaculture facilities were inhibited away from the vicinity of the culture cage area because of the diminished tidal currents. Therefore, the suspended cages significantly affected the transport processes of pollutants in the coastal aquaculture waters. Furthermore, the reduced horizontal velocity significantly decreased the food supply for the aquaculture areas from the surrounding sea.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 26-35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41752922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Thanks to our academic editors and peer reviewers 感谢我们的学术编辑和同行评审

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1674-2370(23)00029-7

引用次数: 0

Compound extreme events in Yarlung Zangbo River Basin from 1977 to 2018 1977～2018年雅鲁藏布江流域复合极端事件

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.08.002

Zong-xue Xu , Rui Zhang

{"title":"Compound extreme events in Yarlung Zangbo River Basin from 1977 to 2018","authors":"Zong-xue Xu , Rui Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Extreme climate events threaten human health, economic development, and ecosystems. Many studies have been conducted on extreme precipitation and temperature changes in the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin (YZRB). However, little attention has been paid to compound climate extremes. In this study, the variations of wet/warm compound extreme events in summer and dry/cold compound extreme events in winter over the past 42 years in the YZRB were investigated using eight extreme climate indices that were estimated using monthly temperature and precipitation observations. The results showed that the numbers of frost days and ice days tended to decrease on the spatiotemporal scale, while the maximum values of daily maximum temperature and daily minimum temperature exhibited increasing trends. The frequency of wet/warm compound extreme events was significantly higher from 1998 to 2018 than from 1977 to 1997. Dry/cold compound extreme events became less frequent from 1998 to 2018 than from 1977 to 1997. The rate of increase of wet/warm compound extreme events was about ten times the absolute rate of decrease of dry/cold compound extreme events. With regard to the spatial pattern, the frequency of wet/warm compound extreme events increased significantly in almost all parts of the YZRB, while that of dry/cold compound extreme events decreased across the basin. This study helps to improve our understanding of the changes in compound precipitation and temperature extremes in the YZRB from a multivariable perspective.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 36-44"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43123508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Approach of water–salt regulation using micro-sprinkler irrigation in two coastal saline soils 两种滨海盐渍土微喷灌水盐调节研究

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.002

Lin-lin Chu , Yu Zhu , Ling Xiong , Rong-yu Huang , Yao-hu Kang , Zhan-peng Liu , Xiao-ming Geng

{"title":"Approach of water–salt regulation using micro-sprinkler irrigation in two coastal saline soils","authors":"Lin-lin Chu , Yu Zhu , Ling Xiong , Rong-yu Huang , Yao-hu Kang , Zhan-peng Liu , Xiao-ming Geng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to investigate whether saline silt and sandy loam coastal soils could be reclaimed by micro-sprinkler irrigation. The experiments were run using moderately salt-tolerant tall fescue grass. Micro-sprinkler irrigation in three stages was used to regulate soil matric potential at a 20-cm soil depth. Continued regulation of soil water and salt through micro-sprinkler irrigation consistently resulted in an increasingly large low-salinity region. The application of the three stages of soil water–salt regulation resulted in an absence of salt accumulation throughout the soil profile and the conversion of highly saline soils into moderately saline soils. There were increases in the plant height, leaf width, leaf length, and tiller numbers of tall fescue throughout the leaching process. The results showed that micro-sprinkler irrigation in three soil water and salt regulation stages can be used to successfully cultivate tall festuca in highly saline coastal soil. This approach achieved better effects in sandy loam soil than in silt soil. Tall fescue showed greater survival rates in sandy loam soil due to the rapid reclamation process, whereas plant growth was higher in silt soil because of effective water conservation. In sandy loam, soil moisture should be maintained during soil reclamation, and in silt soil, soil root-zone environments optimal for the emergence of plants should be quickly established. Micro-sprinkler irrigation can be successfully applied to the cultivation of tall fescue in coastal heavy saline soils under a three-stage soil water–salt regulation regime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 106-112"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49599268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Enhanced nitrogen removal at low temperature with mixed anoxic/oxic process 厌氧/好氧混合工艺强化低温脱氮

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.08.005

Xiang-kun Li , Ying-jun Yang , Gai-ge Liu , Dou-dou Sun , Xiao-chen Ma

{"title":"Enhanced nitrogen removal at low temperature with mixed anoxic/oxic process","authors":"Xiang-kun Li , Ying-jun Yang , Gai-ge Liu , Dou-dou Sun , Xiao-chen Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.08.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.08.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Different hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were tested in a mixed anoxic/oxic (A/O) system at 5°C and 10°C to investigate the effects of HRT and carrier on nitrogen removal in wastewater at low temperatures. The results showed that the addition of the fillers improved the treatment effect of each index in the system. With an optimal HRT of 7.5 h at 5°C, the removal efficiencies of <span><math><msubsup><mtext>NH</mtext><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mtext>N</mtext></math></span> and total nitrogen (TN) reached 91.2% and 75.6%, respectively. With an HRT of 6 h at 10°C, the removal efficiencies of <span><math><msubsup><mtext>NH</mtext><mn>4</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>-</mo><mtext>N</mtext></math></span> and TN were 96.7% and 82.9%, respectively. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that the addition of the suspended carriers in the aerobic zone could improve the treatment efficiency of nitrogen at low temperatures. The microbial analysis indicated that the addition of the suspended carriers enhanced the enrichment of nitrogen removal bacteria. <em>Nitrospira</em>, <em>Nitrotoga</em>, and <em>Nitrosomonas</em> were found to be the bacteria responsible for nitrification, and their relative concentrations on the biofilm at 5°C and 10°C accounted for 98.11%, 92.79%, and 69.98% of all biological samples, respectively.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43393986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Spatial variability of soil hydraulic and physical properties in erosive sloping agricultural fields 侵蚀性坡地土壤水力物理特性的空间变异性

IF 4

Water science and engineering Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.001

Deepak Singh , Alok Kumar Mishra , Sridhar Patra , Sankar Mariappan , Nisha Singh , Saswat Kumar Kar

{"title":"Spatial variability of soil hydraulic and physical properties in erosive sloping agricultural fields","authors":"Deepak Singh , Alok Kumar Mishra , Sridhar Patra , Sankar Mariappan , Nisha Singh , Saswat Kumar Kar","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2022.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>It is essential to minimize soil quality degradation in sloping agricultural fields through stabilization and improvement of soil hydraulic properties using sustainable soil management. This study aimed to analyze the impact of different tillage practices, including conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), and zero tillage (ZT), on soil hydraulic conductivity in a sloping agricultural field under maize–wheat rotation. The results showed that the highest runoff volume (257.40 m<sup>3</sup>), runoff coefficient (42.84%), and soil loss (11.3 t) were observed when the CT treatment was applied. In contrast, the lowest runoff volume (67.95 m<sup>3</sup>), runoff coefficient (11.35%), and soil loss (1.05 t) were observed when the ZT treatment was adopted. The soil organic carbon and aggregate mean weight diameter were found to be significantly greater (with mean values of 0.79% and 1.19 mm, respectively) with the ZT treatment than with the CT treatment. With the tilled treatments (CT and MT), substantial changes in the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (<em>k</em><sub>s</sub>), near-saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (<em>k</em>), and water-conducting porosity (<em>ε</em>) were observed between two crop seasons. These three soil parameters were significantly higher in the period after maize harvesting than in the wheat growing period. In contrast, no significant difference in these soil parameters was found when the untilled treatment (ZT) was carried out. With regard to the slope positions, <em>k</em><sub>s</sub>, <em>k</em>, and <em>ε</em> showed different behaviors under different treatments. The toe slope position showed significantly lower <em>k</em><sub>s</sub> and <em>ε</em> values than the summit and middle slope positions. Of the evaluated tillage practices, ZT was found to be the most promising means to improve the soil hydro-physical properties and effectively reduce surface runoff and soil erosion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"16 1","pages":"Pages 57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44650110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3