Water science and engineering最新文献

{"title":"Impact of damming on nutrient transport and transformation in river systems: A review","authors":"Jia-wen Gan ,&nbsp;Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Qiu-sheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiao-lei Xing ,&nbsp;Sheng Liu ,&nbsp;Cheng-gong Du ,&nbsp;Yu-ran Zheng ,&nbsp;Yun-xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large-scale damming has emerged as a prevalent global trend, significantly impacting nutrient transport and transformation, as well as the downstream ecological environment. Nitrogen and phosphorus are fundamental elements of primary productivity in aquatic ecosystems and serve as key limiting factors in reservoir eutrophication. This review focuses on the impact of damming on the transport and transformation of nitrogen and phosphorus, regarding changes in nutrient concentrations, fluxes, and proportions. Spatial changes in nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations primarily occur at the inlet and outlet of reservoirs, while temporal changes often exhibit seasonal patterns. At a global scale, phosphorus is preferentially removed from reservoirs compared to nitrogen. The factors influencing the transport and transformation processes of nitrogen and phosphorus in reservoirs include the physicochemical properties of water bodies and human activities. Additionally, nitrogen dynamics are affected by reservoir age, storage capacity, and water storage regulation modes, whereas phosphorus dynamics are also influenced by hydrodynamic conditions. Finally, this review summarizes the impact of damming on the downstream ecological environment and outlines future research directions, providing theoretical support for the management of river–reservoir ecosystems and promoting the green and sustainable development of hydropower in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 209-220"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational and experimental analysis of flow velocity and complex vortex formation around a group of bridge piers","authors":"Nima Ikani ,&nbsp;Jaan H. Pu ,&nbsp;Prashanth Reddy Hanmaiahgari ,&nbsp;Bimlesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Ebrahim Hamid Hussein Al-Qadami ,&nbsp;Mohd Adib Mohammad Razi ,&nbsp;Shu-yan Zang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, the flow characteristics around a group of three piers arranged in tandem were investigated both numerically and experimentally. The simulation utilised the volume of fluid (VOF) model in conjunction with the <em>k</em>–<em>ɛ</em> method (i.e., for flow turbulence representations), implemented through the ANSYS FLUENT software, to model the free-surface flow. The simulation results were validated against laboratory measurements obtained using an acoustic Doppler velocimeter. The comparative analysis revealed discrepancies between the simulated and measured maximum velocities within the investigated flow field. However, the numerical results demonstrated a distinct vortex-induced flow pattern following the first pier and throughout the vicinity of the entire pier group, which aligned reasonably well with experimental data. In the heavily narrowed spaces between the piers, simulated velocity profiles were overestimated in the free-surface region and underestimated in the areas near the bed to the mid-stream when compared to measurements. These discrepancies diminished away from the regions with intense vortices, indicating that the employed model was capable of simulating relatively less disturbed flow turbulence. Furthermore, velocity results from both simulations and measurements were compared based on velocity distributions at three different depth ratios (0.15, 0.40, and 0.62) to assess vortex characteristic around the piers. This comparison revealed consistent results between experimental and simulated data. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of flow dynamics around complex interactive pier systems, which is critical for designing stable and sustainable hydraulic structures. Furthermore, the insights gained from this study provide valuable information for engineers aiming to develop effective strategies for controlling scour and minimizing destructive vortex effects, thereby guiding the design and maintenance of sustainable infrastructure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 247-258"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous assessment of effects of variations in temperature and hydraulic retention time on membrane fouling in membrane bioreactors","authors":"Horieh Akbari ,&nbsp;Hossein Hazrati ,&nbsp;Abbas Nazmkhah ,&nbsp;Hanieh Shokrkar","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane fouling remains the primary economic barrier to the widespread implementation of membrane bioreactors (MBRs), despite the fact that they lead to the production of high-quality effluent. Operational conditions are critical factors influencing membrane fouling. This study aimed to investigate the simultaneous impacts of temperature and hydraulic retention time (HRT) variations on membrane fouling. Experiments were conducted at three different temperatures (18°C, 25°C, and 32°C) and HRTs (6 h, 9 h, and 15 h). The results demonstrated that increases in both temperature and HRT contributed to a reduction in membrane fouling. Additionally, a positive interaction between temperature and HRT was observed in the linear slope variation of membrane permeation, with temperature variations exerting a greater influence on membrane fouling than HRT variations. Fouling factor analysis revealed that increases in temperature and HRT led to decreased concentrations of soluble microbial products (SMP) and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), particularly carbohydrates, in the activated sludge. Analyses of the cake layer of the membrane indicated that increasing temperature and HRT reduced EPS levels, particularly polysaccharides and proteins; altered primary protein structure; and increased the mean particle size distribution. Ultimately, these changes led to reductions in both reversible and irreversible hydraulic resistances. This study highlights the importance of optimizing operational parameters such as temperature and HRT to enhance membrane performance and treatment efficiency in MBR systems while mitigating fouling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 200-208"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reservoir water level prediction using combined CEEMDAN-FE and RUN-SVM-RBFNN machine learning algorithms","authors":"Lan-ting Zhou ,&nbsp;Guan-lin Long ,&nbsp;Can-can Hu ,&nbsp;Kai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of water level changes in reservoirs is crucial for optimizing the operation of reservoir projects and ensuring their safety. This study proposed a method for reservoir water level prediction based on CEEMDAN-FE and RUN-SVM-RBFNN algorithms. By integrating the adaptive complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) method and fuzzy entropy (FE) with the new and highly efficient Runge–Kuta optimizer (RUN), adaptive parameter optimization for the support vector machine (SVM) and radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) algorithms was achieved. Regression prediction was conducted on the two reconstructed sequences using SVM and RBFNN according to their respective features. This approach improved the accuracy and stability of predictions. In terms of accuracy, the combined model outperformed single models, with the determination coefficient, root mean square error, and mean absolute error values of 0.997 5, 0.241 8 m, and 0.161 6 m, respectively. In terms of stability, the model predicted more consistently in training and testing periods, with stable overall prediction accuracy and a better adaptive ability to complex datasets. The case study demonstrated that the combined prediction model effectively addressed the environmental factors affecting reservoir water levels, leveraged the strength of each predictive method, compensated for their limitations, and clarified the impacts of environmental factors on reservoir water levels.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of scale effects in physical modeling of combined ogee and sharp-crested weir flow using a 3D CFD model","authors":"James Zulfan ,&nbsp;Bobby Minola Ginting ,&nbsp;Ravi Anthony Tartandyo","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Research on scale effects on flows over weirs has been conducted on a limited basis, primarily focusing on flows upstream of a single-type weir, such as ogee, broad-crested, and sharp-crested (linear and non-linear) weirs. However, the scale effects downstream of these single-type weirs have not been thoroughly investigated. This study examined the scale effects on flows over a combined weir system consisting of an ogee weir and a sharp-crested weir, both upstream and downstream, utilizing physical modeling at a 1:33.33 scale based on Froude similarity and three-dimensional (3D) computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. The sharp-crested weir in this study was represented by two sluice gates that remain closed and submerged during flood events. The experimental data confirmed that the equivalent discharge coefficients of the combined weir system behaved similarly to those of a sharp-crested weir across various <em>H</em>/<em>P</em> (where <em>H</em> is the total head, and <em>P</em> is the weir height) values. However, scale effects on the discharge rating curve due to surface tension and viscosity could only be minimized when <em>H</em>/<em>P &gt;</em> 0.4, <em>Re</em> &gt; 26 959, and <em>We</em> &gt; 240 (where <em>Re</em> and <em>We</em> are the Reynolds and Weber numbers, respectively), provided that the water depth exceeded 0.042 m above the crest. Additionally, <em>Re</em> greater than 4 × 10⁴ was necessary to minimize scale effects caused by viscosity in flows in the spillway channel and stilling basin (with baffle blocks). The limiting criteria aligned closely with existing literature. This study offers valuable insights for practical applications in hydraulic engineering in the future.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 225-235"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Degradation of tetracycline in water using hydrogen peroxide activated by soybean residue-derived magnetic biochar","authors":"Van-Truc Nguyen ,&nbsp;Nguyen Duy Dat ,&nbsp;Thi-Giang-Huong Duong ,&nbsp;Viet-Cuong Dinh ,&nbsp;Thi-Dieu-Hien Vo","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.10.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tetracyclines (TCs) are the second most commonly used antibiotics worldwide, utilized in medical treatments and animal husbandry. Although effective against various infectious diseases, TC residues persist in the environment and contribute to the emergence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens, posing significant risks to human health. This study employed the heterogeneous Fenton process to degrade TC using soybean residue-derived magnetic biochar (Fe-SoyB) as the catalyst. The Fe-SoyB sample was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) techniques. The effects of key parameters, including pH, H₂O₂ concentration, catalyst dosage, and initial TC concentration, on TC degradation were investigated. The results indicated that the TC removal efficiency decreased with increasing initial TC concentration, while it was improved with higher H₂O₂ concentrations and greater catalyst dosages. The optimal conditions for the Fenton-like process were determined: a pH of 3, a H₂O₂ concentration of 245 mmol/L, an initial TC concentration of 800 mg/L, and a catalyst dosage of 0.75 g/L, achieving a removal efficiency of 90.0% after 150 min. Additionally, the TC removal efficiency of the Fe-SoyB system varied significantly across different water matrices, with 87.1% for deionized water, 78.5% for tap water, and 72.5% for river water. The catalyst demonstrated notable stability, maintaining a TC removal efficiency of 79.7% after three cycles of use. Overall, Fe-SoyB shows promise as a cost-effective catalyst for the elimination of organic pollutants in aqueous solutions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy flow rate equation for river networks","authors":"Sai-yu Yuan ,&nbsp;Jia-wei Lin ,&nbsp;Hong-wu Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rational allocation of water flow energy in river networks is essential to addressing water-related issues in river network areas. However, current methods of calculating the spatiotemporal distribution of flow energy in river networks lack precision and efficiency. This paper introduces a novel hydrodynamic representation, the energy flow rate, defined as the product of the flow rate and kinetic energy head, to quantify the kinetic energy stored and transported in river networks. A linear equation system for the energy flow rate in a river network has been theoretically derived, enabling rapid calculations under steady flow conditions. A simplified equation is proposed to describe the exponential decay of the energy flow rate, accompanied by potential energy conversion. The coefficients in the linear equation system are determined using control equations at flow confluence and diversion nodes. This study provides foundational insights that can be used to develop new hydrodynamic modeling strategies to regulate water flow energy and achieve coordinated management of water-related issues in river networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 2","pages":"Pages 221-224"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144178473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large-scale experimental study on scour around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves","authors":"En-yu Gong ,&nbsp;Song-gui Chen ,&nbsp;Xin Chen ,&nbsp;Da-wei Guan ,&nbsp;Jin-hai Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Offshore wind power plays a crucial role in energy strategies. The results of traditional small-scale physical models may be unreliable when extrapolated to large field scales. This study addressed this limitation by conducting large-scale (1:13) experiments to investigate the scour hole pattern and equilibrium scour depth around both slender and large monopiles under irregular waves. The experiments adopted Keulegan–Carpenter number (<em>N</em>_KC) values from 1.01 to 8.89 and diffraction parameter (<em>D</em>/<em>L</em>, where <em>D</em> is the diameter of the monopile, and <em>L</em> is the wave length) values from 0.016 to 0.056. The results showed that changes in the maximum scour location and scour hole shape around a slender monopile were associated with <em>N</em>_KC, with differences observed between irregular and regular waves. Improving the calculation of <em>N</em>_KC enhanced the accuracy of existing scour formulae under irregular waves. The maximum scour locations around a large monopile were consistently found on both sides, regardless of <em>N</em>_KC and <em>D</em>/<em>L</em>, but the scour hole topography was influenced by both parameters. Notably, the scour range around a large monopile was at least as large as the monopile diameter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 369-377"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatiotemporal changes and interconnections between meteorological and hydrological droughts in China over past 34 years","authors":"Ke Zhang ,&nbsp;Zhi-lin Li ,&nbsp;Wu-zhi Shi ,&nbsp;Ran Tao ,&nbsp;Xu Yang ,&nbsp;Yi-ming Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the evolution and lag effects of droughts is critical to effective drought warning and water resources management. However, due to limited hydrological data, few studies have examined hydrological droughts and their lag time from meteorological droughts at a daily scale. In this study, precipitation data were collected to calculate the standardized precipitation index (SPI), and runoff data simulated by the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) model were utilized to compute the standardized runoff index (SRI). The three-threshold run theory was used to identify drought characteristics in China. These drought characteristics were utilized to investigate spatiotemporal variations, seasonal trends, and temporal changes in areas affected by meteorological and hydrological droughts. Additionally, the interconnections and lag effects between meteorological and hydrological droughts were explored. The results indicated that (1) drought occurred during approximately 28% of the past 34 years in China; (2) drought conditions tended to worsen in autumn and weaken in winter; (3) drought-affected areas shifted from northwest to northeast and finally to southern China; and (4) the correlation between meteorological and hydrological droughts was lower in the northwest and higher in the southeast, with all correlation coefficients exceeding 0.7. The lag times between meteorological and hydrological droughts were longest (5 d) in the Yangtze River, Yellow River, and Hai River basins, and shortest (0 d) in the Tarim River Basin. This study provides a scientific basis for effective early warning of droughts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 274-287"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial neural networks applied to photo-Fenton process: An innovative approach to wastewater treatment","authors":"Davide Palma ,&nbsp;Kevin U. Antela ,&nbsp;Alessandra Bianco Prevot ,&nbsp;M. Luisa Cervera ,&nbsp;Angel Morales-Rubio ,&nbsp;Roberto Sáez-Hernández","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is a revolutionizing problem-solver across various domains, including scientific research. Its application to chemical processes holds remarkable potential for rapid optimization of protocols and methods. A notable application of AI is in the photo-Fenton degradation of organic compounds. Despite the high novelty and recent surge of interest in this area, a comprehensive synthesis of existing literature on AI applications in the photo-Fenton process is lacking. This review aims to bridge this gap by providing an in-depth summary of the state-of-the-art use of artificial neural networks (ANN) in the photo-Fenton process, with the goal of aiding researchers in the water treatment field to identify the most crucial and relevant variables. It examines the types and architectures of ANNs, input and output variables, and the efficiency of these networks. The findings reveal a rapidly expanding field with increasing publications highlighting AI's potential to optimize the photo-Fenton process. This review also discusses the benefits and drawbacks of using ANNs, emphasizing the need for further research to advance this promising area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 324-334"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}