Water science and engineering最新文献

{"title":"Core-periphery structure for district metered area partitioning in urban water distribution systems","authors":"Rair Solis Jacome ,&nbsp;Thomaz Anchieta ,&nbsp;Bruno M. Brentan ,&nbsp;Manuel Herrera ,&nbsp;Xitlali Delgado Galvan ,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Arciniega Nevarez ,&nbsp;Jesus Mora Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As urban areas expand and water demand intensifies, the need for efficient and reliable water distribution systems becomes increasingly critical. A widely used infrastructure management approach involves partitioning water distribution networks (WDNs) into district metered areas (DMAs). However, suboptimal designs of DMA partitioning can lead to inefficiencies and increased costs. This study presents a core-periphery-informed approach for DMA design that explicitly utilises the natural division between a densely connected core and a sparsely connected periphery. Incorporating this structural framework enhances network resilience, improves water pressure stability, and optimises boundary device placement. The proposed core-periphery-informed DMA design integrates hydraulic and topological analyses to identify central and peripheral network areas, applies a community structure detection algorithm conditioned by these areas, and uses an optimisation model to determine the optimal placement of boundary devices, enhancing network resilience and reducing costs. When applied to the Modena WDN in Italy, this approach demonstrates improved pressure stability and significant cost reductions compared to traditional methods. Overall, the findings highlight the practical benefits of the core-periphery-based DMA design, offering a scalable and data-driven solution for urban water distribution systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 262-273"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of downflow hanging sponge–upflow sludge blanket system for Oreochromis niloticus–Brassica oleracea aquaponic system","authors":"Limin Teng ,&nbsp;Takahiro Watari ,&nbsp;Mami Nagai ,&nbsp;Nur Adlin ,&nbsp;Penpicha Satanwat ,&nbsp;Masashi Hatamoto ,&nbsp;Takashi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Maintaining low nitrate concentrations in aquaponic systems is crucial for improving water quality and maximizing the growth efficiency of fish and vegetables. Downflow hanging sponge (DHS) and upflow sludge blanket (USB) reactors have shown potential for wastewater treatment, but their use in aquaponic systems is relatively underexplored, particularly for overall performance and efficiency. In this study, a DHS reactor was coupled with a denitrifying USB reactor in an aquaponic system comprising Nile tilapia (<em>Oreochromis niloticus</em>) and kale (<em>Brassica oleracea</em> L. var. <em>acephala</em> DC). The USB reactor achieved a nitrate removal rate of 80.8% ± 20.5%. The specific growth rate of tilapia was 6.11% per day from day 16 to day 30. On day 45, kale growth achieved stem lengths of (4.1 ± 1.2) cm, root lengths of (12.2 ± 6.0) cm, and leaf counts of (6.3 ± 2.0) leaves per plant. Changes in the microbial communities within the reactors positively contributed to denitrification, resulting in a nitrogen utilization efficiency of 88.3%. The DHS–USB aquaponic system effectively maintained optimal water quality and stable parameters (pH, dissolved oxygen, and temperature). It regulated ammonia levels well and achieved 80.8% ± 20.5% removal rates for nitrite and nitrate after day 10. Microbial analysis highlighted significant shifts in the microbial communities within the DHS and USB reactors, underscoring their critical roles in nitrification and denitrification. Therefore, the DHS–USB aquatic system has the potential to improve agricultural production efficiency and promote sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 345-353"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sedimentary bed morphology in the wake of flexible aquatic vegetation","authors":"Dhanush Bhamitipadi Suresh,&nbsp;Daniel Wood,&nbsp;Yaqing Jin","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The sedimentary bed morphology modulated by the wake flow of a wall-mounted flexible aquatic vegetation blade across various structural aspect ratios (<em>A</em>_R = <em>l</em>/<em>b</em>, where <em>l</em> and <em>b</em> are the length and width of the blade, respectively) and incoming flow velocities was experimentally investigated in a water channel. A surface scanner was implemented to quantify bed topography, and a tomographic particle image velocimetry system was used to characterize the three-dimensional wake flows. The results showed that due to the deflection of incoming flow, the velocity magnitude increased at the lateral sides of the blade, thereby producing distinctive symmetric scour holes in these regions. The normalized morphology profiles of the sedimentary bed, which were extracted along the streamwise direction at the location of the maximum erosion depth, exhibited a self-similar pattern that closely followed a sinusoidal wave profile. The level of velocity magnitude enhancement was highly correlated to the postures of the flexible blade. At a given flow velocity, the blade with lower aspect ratios exhibited less significant deformation, causing more significant near-bed velocity enhancement in the wake deflection zone and therefore leading to higher erosion volumes. Further investigation indicated that when the blade underwent slight deformation, the larger velocity enhancement close to the bed can be attributed to more significant flow deflection effects at the lateral sides of the blade and stronger flow mixing with high momentum flows away from the bed. Supported with measurements, a basic formula was established to quantify the shear stress acting on the sedimentary bed as a function of incoming flow velocity and blade aspect ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 354-368"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of membrane material and pore size on membrane fouling during filtration of algae-laden water","authors":"Shan-shan Gao,&nbsp;Xin-hong Zhang,&nbsp;Ming-yue Geng,&nbsp;Jia-yu Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Membrane filtration technology has been widely utilized for microalgae harvesting due to its stability and high efficiency. However, this technology faces challenges posed by membrane fouling caused by algal cells and extracellular organic matter (EOM), which are significantly influenced by membrane material and pore size. This study compared the fouling behavior of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes and ceramic membranes with similar pore sizes (0.20 μm and 0.16 μm, respectively) during the filtration of <em>Microcystis aeruginosa</em>. The ceramic membrane exhibited a lower transmembrane pressure (TMP) growth rate and reduced accumulation of surface foulants compared to the PVDF membrane, indicating its greater suitability for filtering algae-laden water. Further investigations employed membranes fabricated from aluminum oxide powders with grain sizes of 1 μm, 3 μm, 8 μm, and 10 μm, corresponding to membrane pore sizes of 0.08 μm, 0.16 μm, 0.66 μm, and 0.76 μm, respectively, to assess the impact of pore size on ceramic membrane fouling. The results revealed that increasing membrane pore size significantly lowered the TMP growth rate and reduced the irreversibility of membrane fouling. The extended Derjaguin–Landau–Verwey–Overbeek (XDLVO) analysis indicated that large pore sizes enhanced repulsion between the ceramic membrane and algal foulants, further alleviating membrane fouling. This investigation offers new insights into optimizing membrane material and pore size for efficient filtration of algae-laden water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 335-344"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144887007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thanks to our academic editors and peer reviewers","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S1674-2370(25)00012-2","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S1674-2370(25)00012-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"Page I"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundant and rare subcommunity assemblages of prokaryotes and eukaryotes controlled by vertical environmental heterogeneity in an urban reservoir","authors":"Xun Wang ,&nbsp;Huai-yu Cao ,&nbsp;Jia-wen Gan ,&nbsp;Tang Liu ,&nbsp;Pei-fang Wang ,&nbsp;Qiu-sheng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiao-lei Xing ,&nbsp;Cheng-gong Du ,&nbsp;Yu-ran Zheng ,&nbsp;Yun-xin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2025.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Reservoirs play a critical role in addressing water resources challenges. However, their vertical influence on the assembly mechanisms of different microbial communities, including prokaryotes and eukaryotes, remains unclear. This study examined the vertical diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes in an urban reservoir, using water depth as a geographical gradient and employing high-throughput sequencing. The impact of vertical environmental heterogeneity on community structure was quantified, and key drivers of these dynamics were identified. The results indicated that the urban reservoir exhibited statistically significant differences in the vertical distribution of water temperature and oxidation/reduction potential. The α-diversity of the abundant subcommunity displayed an opposing vertical pattern compared to that of the rare subcommunity, while the β-diversity for both subcommunities of prokaryotes and eukaryotes increased with water depth. Moreover, the distinct diversity patterns of abundant and rare subcommunities were associated with environmental heterogeneity and species adaptability. Notably, the β-diversity of the rare subcommunity of eukaryotes was primarily driven by species turnover in surface water, whereas nestedness became the dominant factor in deeper water. Furthermore, eukaryotic microbes exhibited a more pronounced response to changes in water depth than prokaryotes, consistent with the importance of heterogeneous selection to the eukaryotic community. Water temperature significantly affected the community composition of all groups, highlighting its importance in shaping community dynamics. This study provides valuable insights into the vertical distribution and assembly mechanisms of microbial communities in urban reservoirs, contributing to the protection and management of aquatic ecosystems under river regulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 3","pages":"Pages 312-323"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144886888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A missing data processing method for dam deformation monitoring data using spatiotemporal clustering and support vector machine model","authors":"Yan-tao Zhu ,&nbsp;Chong-shi Gu ,&nbsp;Mihai A. Diaconeasa","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deformation monitoring is a critical measure for intuitively reflecting the operational behavior of a dam. However, the deformation monitoring data are often incomplete due to environmental changes, monitoring instrument faults, and human operational errors, thereby often hindering the accurate assessment of actual deformation patterns. This study proposed a method for quantifying deformation similarity between measurement points by recognizing the spatiotemporal characteristics of concrete dam deformation monitoring data. It introduces a spatiotemporal clustering analysis of the concrete dam deformation behavior and employs the support vector machine model to address the missing data in concrete dam deformation monitoring. The proposed method was validated in a concrete dam project, with the model error maintaining within 5%, demonstrating its effectiveness in processing missing deformation data. This approach enhances the capability of early-warning systems and contributes to enhanced dam safety management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 417-424"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142536159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydraulic characteristics of a large rotation-angle baffle-drop shaft through synergetic discharge from dry and wet sides","authors":"Pei-de Liang ,&nbsp;Jun Chen ,&nbsp;Teng Wu ,&nbsp;Jing Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To enhance the operational capacity and space utilization of baffle-drop shafts, this study improved the traditional baffle-drop shaft by expanding the wet-side space, incorporating large rotation-angle baffles, and installing overflow holes in the dividing wall. A three-dimensional turbulent model was developed using ANSYS Fluent to simulate the hydraulic characteristics of both traditional and new baffle-drop shafts across various flow rates. The simulation results demonstrated that the new shaft design allowed for discharge from both the wet and dry sides, significantly improving operational capacity, with the dry side capable of handling 40% of the inlet flow. Compared to the traditional shaft, the new design reduced shaft wall pressures and decreased the mean and standard deviation of pressure on typical baffles by 21% and 63%, respectively, therefore enhancing structural safety. Additionally, the new shaft achieved a 2%–12% higher energy dissipation rate than the traditional shaft across different flow rates. This study offers valuable insights for the design and optimization of drop shafts in deep tunnel drainage systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"Pages 115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of characteristics of dry–wet events and their transitions in Uttar Pradesh, India","authors":"Shivani Gond ,&nbsp;Ashish Kumar Agnihotri ,&nbsp;Nitesh Gupta ,&nbsp;P.K.S. Dikshit","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding the occurrence and characteristics of dry and wet events is crucial for effective disaster prevention, resource management, and risk reduction in vulnerable regions. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal patterns of dry–wet events and their transition characteristics in Uttar Pradesh, India. The standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI) at a monthly timescale was utilized to identify hotspot regions vulnerable to concurrent and frequent dry and wet events and their transitions. The severity, duration, and intensity of dry and wet events were characterized with the run theory over SPEI time series data from 18 synoptic stations in Uttar Pradesh over 48 years (1971–2018), sourced from the Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology and the India Meteorological Department. Multiple assessment methods were utilized to examine the interaction of these extreme events, considering characteristics such as wet–dry ratio, average transition time, and rapid transition times from wet to dry events and from dry to wet events. Average wet durations ranged from 1.27 to 1.58 months, and average dry durations ranged from 1.29 to 1.82 months. Rapid transition times from dry to wet events ranged from 2.5 to 4.1 months, and those for wet-to-dry events ranged from 2.1 to 5.3 months. The eastern region experienced a significantly high number of dry events, while the western and Bundelkhand regions experienced more intense dry events. In contrast, the eastern region had intense wet events. This research on the occurrence of dry–wet events and their transitions can provide valuable insights for government decision-making and disaster prevention and reduction efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"18 1","pages":"Pages 59-68"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143419795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perspectives on risk analysis and control for real-time operation of flood control systems","authors":"Juan Chen ,&nbsp;Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Guo-zhi Li ,&nbsp;Ping-an Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wse.2024.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood control operation, a non-engineering measure, can efficiently manage flood disasters within a river basin. However, numerous uncertainties exit in the real-time operation of flood control systems, creating risks in decision-making. As an efficient tool to mitigate these risks, risk management has garnered increasing attention in real-time flood control operation. This communication offers a series of suggestions for future research concerning risk management in real-time flood control operation, including risk assessment, risk diagnosis, and risk control methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":23628,"journal":{"name":"Water science and engineering","volume":"17 4","pages":"Pages 319-322"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}