Sedimentary bed morphology in the wake of flexible aquatic vegetation

The sedimentary bed morphology modulated by the wake flow of a wall-mounted flexible aquatic vegetation blade across various structural aspect ratios (A_R = l/b, where l and b are the length and width of the blade, respectively) and incoming flow velocities was experimentally investigated in a water channel. A surface scanner was implemented to quantify bed topography, and a tomographic particle image velocimetry system was used to characterize the three-dimensional wake flows. The results showed that due to the deflection of incoming flow, the velocity magnitude increased at the lateral sides of the blade, thereby producing distinctive symmetric scour holes in these regions. The normalized morphology profiles of the sedimentary bed, which were extracted along the streamwise direction at the location of the maximum erosion depth, exhibited a self-similar pattern that closely followed a sinusoidal wave profile. The level of velocity magnitude enhancement was highly correlated to the postures of the flexible blade. At a given flow velocity, the blade with lower aspect ratios exhibited less significant deformation, causing more significant near-bed velocity enhancement in the wake deflection zone and therefore leading to higher erosion volumes. Further investigation indicated that when the blade underwent slight deformation, the larger velocity enhancement close to the bed can be attributed to more significant flow deflection effects at the lateral sides of the blade and stronger flow mixing with high momentum flows away from the bed. Supported with measurements, a basic formula was established to quantify the shear stress acting on the sedimentary bed as a function of incoming flow velocity and blade aspect ratio.