Emerging Contaminants最新文献

{"title":"Effects of exposure to micro/nanoplastics of polystyrene on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and anxiety-like behavior in mice: A Systematic Review","authors":"Lafram Asmaa ,&nbsp;Krami Al Mehdi ,&nbsp;Akarid Khadija ,&nbsp;Laadraoui Jawad ,&nbsp;Roky Rachida","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polystyrene is a polymer widely used across various industrial and commercial sectors. Upon degradation, it fragments into microplastics (MP) and nanoplastics (NP), whose accumulation in the environment raises significant ecological and health concerns. These particles can disrupt digestive, reproductive, and other functions in exposed organisms. In this systematic review, the effects of mice exposure to PS-NP or PS-MP (PS-MP/NP) were systematically examined, focusing on neuronal oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and anxiety-like behavior. Three databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were searched without any time filters until July 20, 2024. The study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of studies using the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation tool (SYRCLE). A total of 24 original articles were included of 332 citations. Articles were published between 2021 and 2024. Out of the studies reviewed, 12 used PS-NP, 10 used PS-MP, and two used both PS-NP and PS-MP separately. The particle sizes ranged from 0.023 to 50 μm, with the majority exhibiting a spherical shape. Seven studies reported results that the exposure to PS-MP/NP elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and/or increased lipid peroxidation-Malondialdehyde (LPO-MDA), and/or decreased antioxidants, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Eight studies demonstrated an increase in neuroinflammation markers, including TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, GFAP, and Iba1. Regarding anxiety-like behavior, 10 studies confirmed its induction. Furthermore, maternal exposure induced neurotoxic responses in offspring. Overall, exposure to PS-MP/NP induced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and anxiety-like behavior in mice. These results highlighted complex interactions between PS-MP/NP and the nervous system, emphasizing the need for a more thorough exploration of involved mechanisms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100442"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142744616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental occurrence of antibiotic resistance, control measures and challenges in finding therapeutic management","authors":"Rajendra Singh,&nbsp;Keugtae Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Antimicrobial resistance represents a growing threat to public health, with the World Health Organization placing it among the top ten global health threats. Inappropriate use of antibiotics in healthcare and agriculture contributes to their dispersal into the environment, thereby accelerating bacterial resistance through the transfer of genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes. The widespread prevalence of antibiotic-resistance genes and bacteria has been confirmed in both soil and water across various climates. Additionally, the detection of these resistant genes and bacteria in polar regions is particularly alarming due to their potential to spread and persist in pristine environments. The impact of antibiotic resistance is considerable, and addressing the associated challenges necessitates a collaborative effort involving healthcare professionals, government entities, scientists, and the general public. Most of the recent scholarly reviews regarding antibiotic resistance predominantly concentrate on either the overarching concept of antimicrobial resistance or they delve into particular sources, pathways, or environmental ramifications. In contrast, this extensive state-of-the-art review aspires to furnish an updated synthesis of the distribution of antibiotic resistance, its repercussions on human health and economy, as well as innovative therapeutic strategies that exhibit potential in combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the challenges that impede the progression of novel therapeutic modalities and the implementation of effective control strategies. The investigation provides a comprehensive overview of the classifications of antibiotic resistance genes, systematically organized by antibiotic categories. Additionally, it underscores global management strategies, particularly through stewardship programs, promising combination therapies aimed at augmenting drug efficacy, and alternative methodologies to antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100440"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Northern fur seal whisker bioaccumulation and partitioning of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and organochlorines","authors":"Courtney M. White ,&nbsp;Dimitrios G. Giarikos ,&nbsp;Amy C. Hirons","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The eastern Pacific stock of northern fur seals (<em>Callorhinus ursinus</em>) on the Pribilof Islands, Alaska represents over 50 % of the global breeding population, but it has experienced population declines of unknown cause(s) since 1980. One contributing factor to the decline may be exposure to anthropogenic contaminants such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which are biologically accumulative in nature, toxic to organisms, and environmentally persistent. This study conducted a decadal comparison of 21 organochlorine (OC) and 39 polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) analyte concentrations utilizing archived vibrissae (whiskers) from individual fur seals sampled in 1993 (n = 30) and 2013 (n = 41) during subsistence harvests on the Pribilof Islands. The recently phased out PBDEs had values five times greater than the legacy status OCs, reflecting both the global shift away from chlorinated chemicals over the past 50 years and the widespread use of brominated flame retardants within the past two decades. No significant mean concentration differences were detected between 1993 and 2013 for total organochlorines (ΣOCs) (266 and 294 ng/g, respectively), or total polybrominated diphenyl ethers (ΣPBDEs) (1377 and 1521 ng/g, respectively), indicating the enduring environmental presence of these pollutants. Recently phased out PBDEs were detected at five times greater concentrations than phased out OCs. The presence of all analytes in vibrissae indicate that there is an adaptive advantage to partitioning contaminants into this inert tissue, suggesting keratinous tissue is a reliable matrix for assessing long-term for POP exposure and introducing the potential for less invasive sampling for future monitoring efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100439"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and menstrual cycle regularity in reproductive-aged female: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Aiqin Qiu ,&nbsp;Kai Luo ,&nbsp;Huan Liu ,&nbsp;Jialing Huang ,&nbsp;Xiaotu Liu ,&nbsp;Jun Zhang ,&nbsp;Da Chen ,&nbsp;Weiwei Cheng ,&nbsp;Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Menstrual cycle characteristics constitute one of the significant female fertility indicators. Previous epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to environmental chemicals could affect menstrual cycle characteristics, but the knowledge remains limited overall. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been identified as potential reproductive toxicants, while previous studies mainly focused on several legacy PFAS chemicals but generally failed to explore the outcomes from exposure to a complex mixture of both legacy and emerging PFAS. Besides, the modification effect of physical activity is rarely considered. In the present study, we explored the associations of exposure to a suite of legacy and emerging PFAS and menstrual cycle regularity as well as the potential modification by physical activity based on a pre-conception cohort in Shanghai (China) with the participation of 1001 reproductive-aged women. A total of 20 PFAS chemicals with detection frequency &gt;80 %, which were derived from the PFAS exposure profile of the same population in our previous study, were included in the confounder-adjusted logistic regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) analysis. In individual PFAS analysis, after adjustment of the covariates, ∑2m-PFOS (the sum of all perfluoro-dimethylhexane sulfonates) was significantly associated with menstrual cycle irregularity with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.35 (95 % confidence interval, CI: 1.09, 1.67) as well as long cycles (OR = 1.37; 95 % CI: 1.08, 1.70). In addition, a significant positive association was also found between perfluoro-n-nonanoic acid (PFNA) and long cycles (OR = 1.40; 95 % CI: 1.06, 1.86). No significant associations were found between the PFAS mixture and the menstrual cycle characteristics as revealed by BKMR analysis, while the significant association between ∑2m-PFOS and menstrual cycle irregularity was also observed in the mixture exposure model. Subgroup analysis stratified by physical activity level showed that the associations between ∑2m-PFOS and menstrual cycle irregularity as well as long cycles were more pronounced in the inactive physical activity subgroup. This study suggested that branched PFOS (i.e., ∑2m-PFOS) might act as the predominant risk factor for menstrual cycle irregularity, and physical activity could influence the risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide residues in tropical agricultural soils: Distribution, seasonality, and earthworm ecological risk","authors":"E. Lucero Sánchez-del Cid ,&nbsp;Jaime Rendón-von Osten ,&nbsp;Ma del Carmen Ángeles González-Chávez ,&nbsp;Arturo Torres-Dosal ,&nbsp;Esperanza Huerta-Lwanga","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Soil contamination by pesticide residues is associated with agricultural intensification in tropical regions and endangers human health and the environment. A mixture of pesticide residues and their degradation products persist in agricultural soils and represent a risk to soil organisms. In this study, we aimed to investigate the concentration and distribution of organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticide residues in agricultural soils where the industrial cultivation of maize and soybeans is intensively carried out, at three depths (0–5, 5–15, and 15–30 cm) and during two seasons (rainy and dry). Likewise, we performed the ecological risk assessment of those found pesticide residues on two earthworm species, <em>Eisena fetida</em>, and <em>Aporrectoda calagionsa</em>. We calculated the Toxicity-Exposure Ratio (TER) using Predicted no Effect Concentrations (PNEC) and measured concentrations in soils, for identifying the risk of pesticide residues separately. The Risk Quotient (RQ) method was used to evaluate the ecological risk of pesticide residue mixtures in soils from each cropping system. Endrin ketone and dieldrin were the pesticide residues with the highest frequency of detection. The highest concentration in the study was found in a soil sample from maize crops in the dry season at 15–30 cm depth (2917 ng/g). The pesticide mixture from soil samples belonging to maize (0–5 cm) and soybean (5–15 cm) crops in dry season posed the highest ecological risk for <em>A. caliginosa</em> with 100 %, and a maximum RQ of 82.2. Endrin ketone is the OC that contributed most to the overall toxicity of the pesticide mixture in soil samples from maize crop and dieldrin in soil samples from soybean crop. Among OP, disulfoton contributed most to RQsite in soybean crop and methyl parathion in maize crop. Results pointed out the need to apply alternatives to remediate obsolete pesticide residues and restrict the use of methyl parathion and disulfoton in maize and soybean crops, to reduce the ecological risk that represent for earthworms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100436"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Levels, distribution profiles and risk assessment of chlorinated organophosphate esters in car and road dust from Basrah, Iraq","authors":"Layla Salih Al-Omran ,&nbsp;Banan Baqer Hashim ,&nbsp;William A. Stubbings ,&nbsp;Stuart Harrad","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100435","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100435","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence, concentrations, and distribution profiles of chlorinated organophosphate esters (Cl-OPEs) were investigated in seventy-one car and road dust samples collected from Basrah, southern Iraq. In addition, estimated daily intakes (EDIs) via dust ingestion were assessed for toddlers, regular adults, and taxi drivers. In car dust samples, the concentrations of Σ₃Cl-OPEs ranged from 4120 to 73200 ng/g (median 11700 ng/g) with tris (1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) the predominant compound. In road dust samples, the concentrations of Σ₃Cl-OPEs ranged from 269 to 3400 ng/g (median 373 ng/g) and 114–526 ng/g (median 222 ng/g) in urban and rural areas, respectively, with tris (2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), predominant. Concentrations of Cl-OPEs in urban road dust are significantly higher (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05) than those in rural road dust, suggesting commercial and industrial activity, population density, and heavy traffic may influence the concentrations. The different compositional profiles of Cl-OPEs in car and road dust may be attributed to the physicochemical properties of Cl-OPEs and the pathways through which they can be released into indoor and outdoor environments. EDI values of Cl-OPEs for the Iraqi population via car dust ingestion were in the order: toddlers &gt; taxi drivers &gt; regular adults, exceeding those via road dust by factors of 27 and 40 from urban and rural dust, respectively. For people who work as taxi drivers, EDIs were seven times higher than those of regular adults, implying that people - such as professional drivers - who spend a substantial amount of time in their vehicles may be exposed to hazardous levels of Cl-OPEs. Despite the study showing that the EDIs through dust ingestion for the three population groups were well below the reference dose (RfD) levels, further studies are recommended to assess other pathways, such as inhalation, dietary sources, and dermal absorption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100435"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) detection and removal techniques from drinking water, their limitations, and future outlooks","authors":"Zahra Zahra ,&nbsp;Minkyung Song ,&nbsp;Zunaira Habib ,&nbsp;Sadaf Ikram","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100434","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100434","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment poses a serious threat due to their persistent nature and harmful effects on human health and ecosystems. In this context, there is an imperative need for developing and improving methods to identify and eliminate these contaminants. Different detection techniques that are being used for PFAS detection are discussed. The details of detection mechanism of these techniques, their limitations and future areas of research for their optimization and improvement in detection efficiencies are also discussed in this review. Besides, this article provides a baseline for anticipating the advanced treatment technologies for PFAS in drinking water. We focus on the effectiveness of different removal techniques (physical, biological and chemical advancements) for eliminating various types of short and long chain PFAS. More so, the methods for the removal of PFAS are also explained with their limitations and future outlooks. Their pros and cons and limitations that need to be overcome and could be the potential future research. We included the recent literature and encompassed the information of PFAS related to guidelines, analytical techniques to determine PFAS and treatment or removal technologies. Conclusively, this study suggests that a combination of treatment methods will likely be necessary for effective PFAS remediation in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100434"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142697452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) microplastics affect angiogenesis and central nervous system (CNS) development of duck embryo","authors":"Axll Ross A. Campos ,&nbsp;Kyan Marlu B. Luza ,&nbsp;Merrah Joy Blaya Subebe ,&nbsp;Carlito Baltazar Tabelin ,&nbsp;Theerayut Phengsaart ,&nbsp;Takahiko Arima ,&nbsp;Reya Seno ,&nbsp;Roselyn Butalid ,&nbsp;Art Brian Escabarte ,&nbsp;Ahmad Reza F. Mazahery ,&nbsp;Gloria Shiela E. Coyoca ,&nbsp;Mylah Villacorte-Tabelin","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prolonged exposure to teratogens is known to cause neural tube defects (NTDs), a severe malformation of the central nervous system (CNS) that significantly contributes to global infant mortality. In recent years, exposure to nanoplastics (NPs) has been linked to faulty neural crest closure and altered neurulation by altering cellular adhesion molecules and accumulation of plastic particles in the neural tube leading to NTDs. However, research on the influence of various types of microplastics (MPs) on malformations of the CNS are still limited. In this study, we investigated whether MPs of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)—a type of plastic commonly used as non-stick coatings of cooking utensils can affect angiogenesis and CNS development using ducks as model organisms. PTFE MPs were administered on Day 3 of duck embryo development at varying concentrations (0.01 mg/ml, 0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, and 5 mg/ml), and angiogenesis was evaluated using a chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Gross morphology and histology of the spinal column and brain were analyzed on Days 8 and 18, respectively. FTIR confirmed PTFE's structure, while SEM and DLS analyses showed particle sizes between 300 nm and 5 μm, classifying them as MPs. High concentrations (5 mg/ml) of PTFE MPs treated on duck embryos resulted in a 35 % mortality rate and reduced vascular density, suggesting anti-angiogenic effects. Brain and spinal abnormalities, such as encephalomalacia and spinal cord discontinuities were observed in the PTFE-treated embryos. Based on these results, PTFE is an anti-angiogenic and teratogenic agent affecting the development of duck embryos.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of lead on dermal exposure of plasticizers in toys and associated risk assessment","authors":"Chaoli Yuan ,&nbsp;Mantuo Huang ,&nbsp;Jiajia wan ,&nbsp;Zijia Hong ,&nbsp;Jiwen Luo ,&nbsp;Lixuan Zeng ,&nbsp;Yu Bon Man ,&nbsp;Bingyan Lan ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Yan ,&nbsp;Yuan Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100432","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100432","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Numerous studies reported risk assessment of human exposure to plasticizers in toys through dermal pathways, however, dermal bioaccessibility and percutaneous penetration of plasticizers under effects of lead had been seldom studied. In the present study, dermal bioaccessibility of plasticizers including phthalate esters and alternative plasticizers in toys were examined in artificial sweat and SSSM (synthetic sweat and sebum mixture), and percutaneous penetration of plasticizers were investigated by skin cells under individual plasticizers exposure or combined exposure conditions (plasticizers + lead). The present results indicated that dermal bioaccessibility of plasticizers in SSSM were higher than that in artificial sweat. DEHP (Di-2-ethylhexyl Phthalate) showed highest bioaccessibility among all the plasticizers, DEHT (Di (2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate) showed highest bioaccessibility among all the alternative plasticizers. DEHP and DEHT were selected to perform the cell absorption assay. Skin cell absorption assay demonstrated that MEHP (Mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate) was the major metabolite of DEHP and the absorption percentage of DEHP was higher than that of DEHT. Compared to individual exposure of plasticizers, the absorption percentage of DEHP and DEHT in skin cells under the combined exposure condition were increased by 12.40 %–14.63 % and 8.35 %–9.84 %, respectively. Risk assessment indicated that the plasticizers in toy would not result in unacceptable risk for children, but the health risk of plasticizers in toys to children under combined exposure condition would be 1.5–2 times higher than that under individual exposure condition.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100432"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The first survey of legacy and emerging per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Hulun Lake, China: Occurrence, sources, and environmental impacts","authors":"Jie Li ,&nbsp;Xinlei Li ,&nbsp;Yi Zhu ,&nbsp;Libo Wang ,&nbsp;Shilong Ren ,&nbsp;Rui An ,&nbsp;Qingzhu Zhang ,&nbsp;Guoqiang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100431","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.emcon.2024.100431","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Many per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) studies in environmental media have been conducted in heavily industrialized and densely populated areas. However, there has been limited research on legacy and emerging PFAS contamination in cold and arid regions. In the present study, we investigated the concentrations of 30 PFAS compounds in the surface water and sediment of Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers. The main components in water were short chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) in both Hulun Lake (33.57 %) and its inflowing rivers (30.47 %). However, long chain perfluoroalkane sulfonates (PFSAs) and long chain PFCAs accounted for more than half of the total PFAS content in sediment. Total PFAS concentrations (∑₃₀PFAS) ranged from 3.67 to 8.84 ng/L in water, and 0.97–1.73 μg/kg in sediment. Significant spatial differences were apparent between Hulun Lake and its inflowing rivers in both water and sediment samples. Source apportionment revealed that wastewater, aqueous film forming foams, textiles and paper-based food packaging, and paper products and cosmetics were the primary sources of PFAS. The partitioning coefficients of PFCAs were dependent on the carbon chain length. Temperature, conductivity, pH, salinity, chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), As, and oxidation-reduction potential were the main influencing factors in water. Heavy metals (Co, Pb, Cu, Ni, Hg, Cd, and As), TP, salinity, and pH were positively correlated with the PFAS concentration in sediment. Furthermore, Hailar River contributed the majority (99.74 %, ∼15.05 kg/year) of the PFAS mass flux. This is the first study showing PFAS contamination in Hulun Lake and the results suggest that long term monitoring is needed for the effective control of PFAS pollution in this typical cold and arid region of China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":11539,"journal":{"name":"Emerging Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"Article 100431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142663865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}