Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Clinical treatment and medical evaluation of the civil airline pilots with otosclerosis","authors":"Y. Shao","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To explore the clinical treatment and medical evaluation standard for the airline pilots with otosclerosis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The clinical treatment and prognosis of 3 East China airline pilots, who were diagnosed as otosclerosis, were reviewed. The clinical diagnosis and medical evaluation methods of the disease were analyzed and discussed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000All 3 cases showed progressive monaural hearing loss but without vertigo. Their pure tone audiometry showed conductive deafness. The stapes otosclerosis was definite diagnosed by high-resolution CT scan on the temporal bone of 3 pilots. Two cases were taken conservative treatment and were qualified. Another case was cured by laser stapes resection and artificial stapes implantation. His hearing well recovered and no more surgical complications were found by 3 months follow-up. Then he was qualified in accordance with a waiver of standards. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Early progressive hearing loss of speech frequency of airline pilots should be regarded more. The pure tone audiometry in every six months and the high-resolution CT scan on temporal bone are suggested. Three months or even longer follow-up is necessary and the assessments under hyperbaric/hypobaric environment would be introduced for the pilot treated by stapes resection surgery. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Otosclerosis; Stapes surgery; Diagnosis; Eligibility determination; Civil pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81650725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection and reference value of cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential in military pilots","authors":"Mengdie Zhang, Xian-rong Xu, Zhanguo Jin","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To obtain the detection method and reference constants of cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP) and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP) in military pilots and to provide reference basis for evaluating pilot's otolith function in aeromedical assessment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Thirty-three (66 ears) healthy male active duty fighter pilots were selected as study subjects. They were between the age of 25 to 42 years old (30.3±4.8 years). cVEMP and oVEMP were induced unilaterally by means of 500 Hz air-conducted tone burst stimulation. The VEMPs threshold of each ear was examined and the reference range of amplitude, latency and wave interval were calculated. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The composite wave of cVEMP and oVEMP was observed in 33 pilots. The evoked rate was 100%. The latency of p13 and n23, p13-n23 interval, peak-to-peak p13-n23 amplitude and asymmetry ratio of cVEMP in these pilots were (13.94±1.59)ms, (20.95±1.59)ms, (7.01±1.34)ms, (224.70±66.15)μV, (0.11±0.10). The amplitude had slight difference between the ears while the cVEMP p13 latency, n23 latency and wave interval showed very small difference between the ears. The latency of N1 and P1, N1-P1 interval, peak-to-peak N1-P1 amplitude and asymmetry ratio of oVEMP in the pilots was (11.1±0.99)ms, (15.41±0.85)ms, (4.31±0.84)ms, (2.23±0.59)μV, (0.10±0.08) respectively. The amplitude of oVEMP, latency of N1, latency and wave interval of P1 showed unobvious difference between left and right ears. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000This study has established the conventional detection methods and constants of cVEMP and oVEMP of military pilots and these provide the objective reference to evaluate the functions of utricle and sacculus in aeromedical assessment. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Vestibular function tests; Evoked potentials; Saccule and utricle; Pilot","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83973981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of 72 h-isolation and confinement with sleep deprivation on astronaut's attention on network functions and operation performance of manual controlled simulated rendezvous and docking task","authors":"Xiaorui Wu, Gan Lin, Dong Xu, Bin Wu, Xueyong Liu, Haibo Qin, Xiaolu Jing, R. Zhou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To measure the effects of 72 h-isolation and confinement (IC) with or without sleep deprivation (SD) on attention network functions and operation performance of manual controlled rendezvous and docking task. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Twelve healthy male volunteers were randomly divided into 4 groups of 3. The experiments were done by means of self-control and cross-over design. Two groups underwent 72 h IC without SD, and then recovered for 7 d. After that, they underwent 72 h IC with SD. Other 2 groups underwent the identical environments in the opposite order. The evaluation of attention network functions and the functional nuclear magnetic resonance examination of brain were conducted before and after isolation. The operation performance of manual controlled rendezvous and docking task was tested during isolation. Meanwhile, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technology was used to evaluate the autonomic activity in the brain region. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000①The volunteers, average reaction time, accuracy and omission rates of the attention network function test in 72 h IC had insignificant differences as compared with those before the isolation (P>0.05). The 72 h IC and SD caused average reaction time and omission rate evidently increased (t=2.505, 2.324, P 0.05). ②The fMRI data indicated that the spontaneous nervous activity in right frontal eye field was significantly weakened by IC and SD (t=6.580, P<0.05), but the activities in 3 clustering fields of right temporal lobe joint were significantly enhanced (t=6.726, 4.905, 8.305, P<0.05). ③As compared with those in IC condition, the volunteers, success rate of manual controlled rendezvous and docking task in IC plus SD condition was evidently decreased (χ2=9.761, P<0.01), but the fuel consumption, pitch angle deviation and yaw angle deviation were significantly increased (t=3.475, 3.161, 3.375, P<0.01) and the docking time was significant shortened (t=2.681, P<0.01). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u000072 h IC and SD has negative effects on attention network function and operation performance of manual controlled rendezvous and docking task. Sleep deprivation would be the main factor. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Sleep deprivation; Social isolation; Attention; Computer simulation; Aerospace medicine; Magnetic resonance imaging; Manual controlled rendezvous and docking","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83976841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on applying gradual-onset rate mode in acceleration tolerance determination","authors":"Bao-hui Li, Xiao-yang Wei, Haixia Wang, Yan Xu, Rong Lin, X. Geng, Li-Hui Zhang, Hong Wang, Quan Wang, Bin He, San-yuan Wu, Yifeng Li, Yi Wang, Zhao Jin","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To study the gradual-onset rate (GOR) mode on human centrifuge G-tolerance determination and the applications in pilot selection and training. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000Twenty-five pilots were undertaken the G-tolerance examination under centrifuge GOR operating mode and completed high G centrifuge training at + 8.0 Gz level for 10 s. The pilots were divided into excellent group (n=13), good group (n=7) and mediocre group (n=5) by the high G training result. The pilots, G-tolerance under GOR mode and the anti-G effect of performing HP maneuver were analyzed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000Under GOR mode pilots, strained tolerance (GOR2) was significantly higher than their relaxed tolerance (GOR1) (t=14.420, P=0.000). The differences on GOR1 tolerance and HP maneuver anti-G effect were not significant among different groups (F=2.593, 0.176, P>0.05). The GOR2 tolerance of excellent group was significantly higher than that of other 2 groups (P 0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The G-tolerance and the effect of performing anti-G straining maneuver could be precisely and conveniently evaluated with GOR mode. It is necessary to establish the G-tolerance examination method and assessment criterion under centrifuge GOR mode for the G tolerance determination and training of high performance fighter aircraft pilot. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Acceleration; Centrifuge; gradual-onset rate; relaxed G tolerance; Anti-G training","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85853278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pilot case of Sjögren's syndrome","authors":"Chongge Yang, Yongjun Zhao, Jing Xiong, Xiafei Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73974914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A civil pilot case of palindromic rheumatism","authors":"Chi Ma, Jiao Li","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73371990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances on the etiology of bubble formation mechanism of altitude decompression sickness","authors":"Xiaohui Zheng, Qinglin Zhou, Zhaoli Ge, Feifei Wu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To investigate the new research solutions on special environmental medicine by discussing the etiology of bubble formation mechanism in the basic researches of altitude decompression. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Literature resource and selection \u0000Research papers and literature reviews published at home and abroad. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Literature quotation \u0000Fifty-eight published papers and reviews were cited. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Literature synthesis \u0000The role of air nucleus, the precursors of bubbles, in the etiology of decompression sickness was reviewed and analyzed including the normal existence of air nucleus in vivo, the mechanism of its formation and stable existence. At present, there is no definite conclusion on above three aspects and the researches are still facing the challenge. In addition, the relationship between bubble formation and pathological manifestations of decompression sickness, the effect of movement on bubble formation, the methodology of micro-bubble study in vivo, the role of patent foramen ovale in the pathogenesis of neuropathic decompression sickness, and the relationship and significance between bubble study in vivo and some subjects related to clinical medicine were discussed. The scope of this paper covers the main issues in the basic research of altitude decompression sickness, and has certain reference significance for understanding and planning the future research direction in this field. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000With the help of interdisciplinary integration, the etiological study of decompression sickness is expected to make substantial breakthroughs and the research and development of special environmental medicine will have a new direction of solution. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Altitude; Decompression sickness; Bubble; Gas nucleus; Review","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90811596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk factors of asymptomatic colorectal polyps in flying personnel","authors":"Nian-Jun Xiao, Jing Li, Shoubin Ning, Zhi-Rong Zou, Xing Wang, Bai-rong Li, Tao Sun","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To screen risk factors of asymptomatic colorectal polyps in flying personnel and to provide reference for diagnosing colorectal polyps. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000A case-control study design was applied. One hundred and forty flying personnel who were had colonoscopy examination in our center from January 2014 to October 2018 were included. Cases with polyps were assigned as polyps group while others were assigned as control group. The clinic data of all cases were collected, such as age, height, weight, history of smoking, family history of malignant tumors of digestive tract in first-degree relatives, flying hours, cholesterol level, triglyceride level, blood glucose level, and the results of abdominal ultrasonography and colonoscopy examinations. The differences on indicators were compared between two groups by univariate analysis. The binary unconditional logistic regression models were used to analyze the risk factors of asymptomatic colorectal polyps in flying personnel. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000①In 140 enrolled cases, 49 were assigned to polyps group and 91 to control group. The detection rate of polyps was 35.0%. ②Univariate analysis of data showed that two groups had statistical differences on age, body mass index, smoking history, family history of gastrointestinal cancer, flying hours, cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, positive with fatty liver and positive with gallbladder changes (P<0.01 or 0.05). There was no significant difference in the fasting blood glucose between two groups. ③Logistic regression analysis showed that age and triglyceride level were the independent risk factors for colorectal polyps. The regression coefficient was 1.726 and 1.419, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000Age and triglycerides level are independent risk factors for asymptomatic colorectal polyps in flying personnel. Increased body mass index, long-term smoking history, positive family history of gastrointestinal cancer, long flying hours, high cholesterol level, and positive with fatty liver or gallbladder disease may be the predictors of asymptomatic colorectal polyps in flying personnel. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Colonic polyps; Risk factors; Hyperlipidemias; Flying personnel","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85562840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on the simulation method of experiencing night myopia on the ground","authors":"P. Long, Tao Chen, Weiming Yan, Zhe Wang, Qianli Zhang, Zuoming Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To establish a simulation method that enables pilots to experience night myopia and help them to improve the understanding of it and its hazards to flight safety. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000The self-made visual object was a 2 mm-diameter light emitting diode (LED) lamp with controllable luminous intensity. Twenty volunteers with normal vision (≥1.0) were asked to search the target light 6 m away as they adapted the environment in a standard dark room for 20 min. The subjects were guided to slowly move (10-20 cm/s) toward the target light until they saw it. The moment of seeing the object target light was marked as time A and the distance between visual object and subject was marked as LA. Then the subject was asked to stare at the target light and slowly moved apart from the target light until he/she couldn't see it. The target losing moment was marked as time B and the distance between target light and subject was marked as LB. Tobiipro Glass Ⅱ was used to record eye movements and pupil changes in real time. A manual optometry screening instrument (SW-800) was used to detect the refractive diopter under normal indoor lighting condition and the refractive diopters at time A and time B. The degree of night myopia was calculated according to the refractive diopter change and the displacement between LA and LB (LAB). The effects of the luminance of the target light (low: 1×10-3 cd/m2, medium: 2×10-3 cd/m2, high: 3×10-3 cd/m2) and the correction of negative spherical lens (+ 0.5 D and + 1 D) on the experimental results were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000The subjects, diopter was respectively (-0.194±0.390)D, (-0.509±0.532)D and (-0.836±0.700)D corresponding to under normal luminance, at time A and at time B. The significance was observed among these 3 conditions (F=6.679, P<0.01). The record of eye movement was consistent with the subject's report. Subject's pupil tended to dilate as soon as the target light was seen. When subjects wore + 1 D spherical correction lens, the results indicated longer LA and shorter LAB comparing to the unaided observation (P<0.05). The LAB under medium and high luminance target light was significantly shorter than that under low luminance (P<0.05). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000This method can effectively simulate night myopia effect and assess the myopia, improve the understanding of night myopia, and is suggested to apply to pilot's experience in ground training. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Myopia; Refraction, ocular; Dark focus; Ambient luminance; Night; Simulation","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88590972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the analytic hierarchy process of the medical selection for high performance fighter pilot","authors":"Cong Wang, Qi Zhang, Hua Ge, Q. Yao, Yang Minghao, Xian-liang Zhao, Yuanjing Zheng, Guowei Shi, Yuexin Ma","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.03-04.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2018.03-04.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective \u0000To build an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) of the medical selection for the high performance fighter pilot. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Methods \u0000According to the consulting results from aeromedical experts, an AHP model and expert′s judgment matrix were built and checked upon the consistency. Then, the relative weights of evaluation indexes were calculated. The method was preliminarily applied in the medical selection of high performance fighter pilot. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Results \u0000An AHP evaluation model of medical selection for high performance fighter pilot was constructed, including 5 first level indexes of basic physiological function, flight physiological endurance, psychological basis, mental ability, physical fitness and ergonomics, and 23 second level indexes. The relative weights of 5 first level indexes were 0.172 8, 0.224 1, 0.178 5, 0.289 1 and 0.135 5 corresponding to basic physiological function, flight physiological endurance, psychological basis, mental ability, physical fitness and ergonomics. The model was applied to comprehensively evaluate the physiological and psychological indexes of 16 hight performance fighter pilot candidates. The scores in turn from high to low were 7.79, 7.45, 7.24, 7.17, 7.15, 6.92, 6.81, 6.59, 6.24, 6.02, 5.96, 5.85, 5.83, 5.71, 5.26 and 5.20. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Conclusions \u0000The AHP provides new method and reference to high performance fighter pilot selection and the application accumulates data and experience for other objective evaluation researches. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Personnel selection; Methods; Comprehensive evaluation; Analytic hierarchy process model; Pilots","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73960104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}