中华航空航天医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"高原驻训飞行员心理状况变化特点调查","authors":"伊丽, 王生成, 刘庆峰, 焦志刚, 焦玉冰, 吴峰","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.015","url":null,"abstract":"高原自然环境恶劣,高寒、缺氧、低气压、强紫外线,习惯于平原地区生活的人在高原地区会出现不同程度的高原反应.在这种条件下进行飞行训练或执行飞行任务,不仅身体会受到影向,还会对心理上产生不良影响.为探讨高原驻训对飞行员心理状况的影响,笔者对某飞行团在经历4个月的高原驻训任务后进行了心理状况调查. 关键词：高海拔(Altitude);精神卫生(Mental health);问卷调查(Questionnaires) 分类号：R853;R395.6","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"132-134"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77149683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"民航飞行学员扩张型心肌病一例","authors":"李娇, 易华, 包芳, 李伟","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.005","url":null,"abstract":"一、临床资料患者,男性,25岁,民航飞行学员.2012年8月,航校毕业入职体检时心脏超声示:左室扩大,左室室壁运动异常,左室射血分数51％.后在北京军区总医院行心脏形态MR检查示:左室心腔扩大,心肌变薄且不均匀,室壁运动减弱,考虑扩张型心肌病.经心内科会诊后,诊断为扩张型心肌病.追溯6年前招飞体检,未查心动超声,心电图示:大致正常.2007-2011年大学年度体检时,心电图均示:左室高电压.大学4年间未做心动超声检查.2012年8-9月,分别在多家医院就诊,心动超声示:左心室扩大,前室间隔心肌变薄,射血分数32％～51％;查体:心尖部可闻及Ⅱ级收缩期杂音.确诊为:扩张型心肌病.2012年12月14日,查心脏超声示:左心增大,心肌受累疾患,左室射血分数35％.给予比索洛尔、螺内酯、培哚普利等药物治疗,并建议2个月复查1次心动超声.2013年4月中国民用航空总局空勤人员体检鉴定中心鉴定,结论:飞行不合格. 关键词：心肌病,扩张型(Cardiomyopathy,dilated);合格鉴定(Eligibility determination);病例报告(Case report) 分类号：R856.5;R542.2","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"100-100"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89073773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of high + Gz exposure on saliva α-amylase of fighter pilots","authors":"Hong Xue, Weidong Li, Cheng-kang Xu, Yiran Liu, Xufang Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To investigate the influence of +Gz acceleration on saliva a-amylase (SAA) of pilots,so as to assess the feasibility of taking SAA as an indicator of +Gz stress on pilots.Methods Saliva was collected from 47 pilots before and after + 6.5 Gz,+ 7.0 Gz and + 8.0 Gz centrifuge exposures.The SAA was measured by a-amylase kit (dynamic monitoring method) and chemiluminescnet immunoassay.Results ①The SAA and cortisol levels significantly changed by different +Gz exposures (F＝ 17.712,3.427,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).Compared with that before exposures,the SAA levels measured after +6.5 Gz,+ 7.0 Gz and +8.0 Gz exposures were significantly higher (P＜0.01).The cortisol levels after +7.0 Gz and +8.0 Gz exposures were significantly higher than the baseline (P＜0.05 or 0.01).The cortisol level obtained after +8.0 Gz exposure was significantly higher than that before + 6.5 Gz,+ 7.0 Gz and + 8.0 Gz centrifuge exposures (P＜0.05).②Multivariate analysis showed that the aircraft type,pilot's age and flying hours had no influence on SAA and cortisol levels obtained after +Gz exposures.③ Pilots' cortisol levels were negatively correlated to the age and aircraft type of (r＝-0.328,-0.694,P＜0.05) but positively correlated to flying hours and +Gz level (r＝0.466,0.141,P＜0.05).SAA was positively correlated to +Gz level (r＝0.354,P＜0.01).④The levels of cortisol and SAA had less correlation either before or after +Gz exposure.Conclusions SAA elevates sensitivity with +Gz stress increase and quickly returns to baseline.So we can conclude that SAA could be a valid indicator of +Gz stress. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Acceleration;  Stress;  Saliva;  Alpha-amylase","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":"87-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79227616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of critical flicker fusion frequency and oculomotor measures in the evaluation of drug effects on central functions","authors":"H. Zhan","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.023","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To review the researches on the application of critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF) and oculomotor measures in the evaluation of drug effects on central functions.Literature resource and selection Relevant articles and monographs published in China and abroad.Literature quotation Seventy-six published references (73 papers and 3 monographs) were cited.Literature synthesis The research advances on the application of CFF and oculomotor measures in the evaluation of drug effects on central functions were reviewed.CFF measure was a simple and convenient method for central vigilance and fatigue evaluation.The main indices or parameters of oculomotor responsive measures were initial pupil diameter or area,constriction latency of pupil to light flash,amplitude of pupil constriction to light flash,saccadic velocity,saccadic amplitude,etc..Many studies at home and abroad showed that CFF and oculomotor responsive measures could be used for evaluating the central effects of following drugs:sedative hypnotics,histamine H1 receptor antagonists,antidepressants,central stimulants,alcohol,opiates and so on.Saccadic velocity was a sensitive index for assessing the sedative effects of these drugs.Pupil measures could be used for evaluating the awaking action of drug and its effects on autonomic nerve function,and were also sensitive to the central effects of alcohol and opiates.Conclusions CFF and oculomotor response measures have been widely applied in the evaluation of the central effects of different kinds of drugs and the medication safety for special population. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Flicker fusion;  Pharmaceutical preparations;  Central nervous system;  Review literature;  Oculomotor responses","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"42 4 1","pages":"149-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78205377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"飞行员肾结石50例随访及放飞医学标准的探讨","authors":"杨崇格, 陈明, 李萌, 吴玮","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.011","url":null,"abstract":"自2002年腹部B超作为飞行人员疗养期间年度大体检常规必查项目之后,诊断为肾结石的飞行员越来越多,但这种结石基本是静息性结石,既无临床症状,也无临床体征.肾结石数量、大小、位置不尽相同,自然造成的危害也不一样,但现行鉴定标准没有区别对待,尤其是单座机飞行员是不允许带石飞行的.肾结石对飞行的潜在影响及威胁是否过度解读,现行《中国人民解放军空军飞行人员体格检查标准》中有关肾结石条款是否过于严厉,值得广大航卫工作者关注和探讨.笔者通过对50例肾结石飞行员5年或5年以上临床医学资料及飞行追踪随访观察,旨在探讨肾结石与飞行之间的相互影响,以便更科学地对患有肾结石的飞行员进行医学鉴定,并为修订体格检查标准提供科学依据. 关键词：肾结石(Kidney calculi);合格鉴定(Eligibility determination);参考标准(Reference standards);随访研究(Follow-up studies) 分类号：R856.6","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"55 1","pages":"122-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85213433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"飞行员多发血管畸形一例","authors":"刘淑萍, 姚克纯, 李利, 汪娜, 张龙方, 徐雪纯, 张晓婷, 王建昌","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.018","url":null,"abstract":"一、临床资料患者,男性,39岁,教练机-8飞行员,飞行时间3 570 h.患者因入睡困难2个月余,胸痛1个月就诊.入院查体:左侧上肢血压:104/70 mmHg(1 mmHg＝0.133 kPa),右侧上肢血压:134/76 mmHg,双侧收缩压相差30 mmHg,左锁骨上窝可闻及收缩期血管杂音.行颈部血管超声检查:双侧椎动脉起始处走行变异,均于C5水平人横突孔(图1,见封四);右侧椎动脉代偿性增宽,内径约0.41 cm,左侧椎动脉纤细,内径约0.08 cm.彩色及频谱多普勒检查显示:右侧椎动脉内血流通畅,峰值流速72.5 cm/s,左侧椎动脉血流呈反向血流信号(图2,见封四),峰值流速39.1 cm/s;左侧锁骨下动脉狭窄处呈花色血流信号,收缩期峰值流速347 cm/s. 关键词：锁骨下动脉盗血综合征(Subclavian steal syndrome);肠系膜动脉(Mesenteric arteries);肾动脉梗阻(Renal rtery obstruction);超声(Ultrasonography);体格检查(Physical examination);血管畸形(Vascular abnormalities) 分类号：R856.5","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"17 Suppl 5 1","pages":"139-140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80236751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The comparison of vestibular illusions and vestibular autonomic reactions induced by various speed short arm centrifuge operation","authors":"Xinliang Song, Yalei Zhou, Y. Geng, Weihua Li, Zenghui Yang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To observe the effects and characteristics of vestibular illusions and vestibular autonomic reactions induced by short arm centrifuge exposure,and to search the appropriate rotation speed of short arm centrifuge for vestibular illusion simulation training on the ground.Methods Ninety healthy pilots were divided into 3 groups by the rotation speed of 21,30 and 37 r/min that generated by SAC-Ⅲ short arm centrifuge.By referencing the vestibular illusions simulation training on electric rotating chair,they were exposure to the simulation of counter-rotatory illusion and Coriolis illusion.Vestibular illusions and vestibular autonomic reactions were compared.Results ①When the speed was 21 r/min,the induced rates of the counter-rotatory illusion,Coriolis tumbling illusion (including head turn to right and to left) and Coriolis somatogyral illusion (including head pitched up and down) were lower than the induced rates under the speed of 30 r/min and 37 r/min (X2＝6.477 20.000,P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).And when the speed was 30 r/min and 37 r/min,the induced rates showed no significant difference (x2 ＝0.073-0.351,P＞0.05).②The expressions and characteristics of the centrifuge evoked counter-rotatory illusion were approximately the same under three different rotation speeds,while the illusion strength was enhanced with the speed increase.The expressions and characteristics of the Coriolis tumbling illusion induced by different speed showed no significant difference (X2 ＝0.090,0.056,P＞0.05).And the expressions of the Coriolis somatogyral illusions were multiform.Under three different speeds,the Coriolis somatogyral illusions showed no significant difference when the pilot's head pitched down (X2 ＝ 1.810,P＞0.05).The case of Coriolis somatogyral illusions was very rare when pilot's head pitched up and the result was not taken into account.③The scores of vestibular autonomic reaction were increased with the rotation speed increase,and showed significant difference (F＝ 15.058,P＜0.01).When the speed was 37 r/min,the score of vestibular autonomic reaction was significantly higher than the scores of 21 r/min and 30 r/min (P＜0.01 or P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference between the scores of 21 r/min and 30 r/min (P＞0.05).Conclusions When the speed of centrifuge was 30 r/m in,the induced rate of the vestibular illusions was the highest and the vestibular autonomic reaction was mild.For the 2 m arm centrifuge,the 30 r/min rotation was appropriate for pilots' vestibular illusion simulation training on the ground. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Centrifugation;  Illusion;  Vestibule;  Coriolis force","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"81-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86341107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mechanism of in-flight hyperventilation and countermeasures","authors":"Jianzhang Chen","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.02.021","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To review the mechanism and countermeasures of in-flight hyperventilation,and to afford reference for its prevention,monitoring,and the training for flight safety.Literature resource and selection Research papers,reviews and monographs in the field.Literature quotation Forty-four papers,6 monographs and 3 scientific and technical reports published at home and abroad were cited.Literature synthesis The incidence,mechanism and countermeasures of in-flight hyperventilation were reviewed.Future researches of in flight hyperventilation were also foreseen.Conclusions The incidence of in-flight hyperventilation is high and it is often overlooked because of the difficulties in distinguishing it from hypoxia if only referred the clinical symptoms.Raising awareness and further studies of in flight hyperventilation have great significance for improving flight efficiency and ensuring flight safety. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Hyperventilation;  Flight safety;  In-flight incapacitation;  Hypoxia","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"2 1","pages":"142-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81918298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination of corneal refractive power in Air Force pilot recruitment and discussion on its application value","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Qing-hong Yang, Zhen Ma, Qing Tian, Zhong-xing Ma","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To discuss the value of applying corneal refractive power examination in Air Force pilot selection by analyzing the status of the check and the distribution of corneal astigmatism in candidates.Methods The refractive powers in corneal vertical and horizontal meridian were measured by Canon RK F1 full auto ref-keratometer for 5 172 eyes of 2 586 high school graduates who enrolled in final pilot selection.Mean corneal refractive power,corneal astigmatism,astigmatic axis and the difference of central refractive powers between two eyes of the same individual were calculated and the frequency distributions were described.The corneal astigmatism between two eyes of the same individual was compared.Results The mean corneal refractive power was (42.64± 1.23) D (range:37.95 to 47.31 D).The absolute value of the difference of corneal refractive powers between two eyes of the same individual was (0.20±0.18) D (range:0.00 to 2.53 D).The mean corneal astigmatism was (0.98±0.45) D (range:0.00 to 4.25 D).Astigmatism with rule,against rule and oblique astigmatism respectively took 96.83％,1.16％ and 2.01％.The difference of the corneal astigmatism between two eyes of the same individual was statistically significant (Z=-6.517,P＜0.05).The corneal astigmatism of left eyes was (1.00±0.46) D,a little higher than that of right eyes (0.96±0.45) D.Conclusion In Air Force pilot selection,corneal refractive power detected by full auto ref-keratometer provides a valuable clue in screening and identifying corneal refraction.Identifying if the cornea was done by kerato refractive surgery or keratoconus still needs other complemented methods.Most corneal astigmatism in healthy male aged from 16 to 20 yrs is the type with the rule.The individual corneal refractive power and astigmatism of eyes are symmetric to some extent. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Refraction, ocular;  Cornea;  Astigmatism;  Refractometry;  Physical examination; Refractive power","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"14-17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89602655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on 3-D digital measurement of posterior neck shape of fighter pilots","authors":"Wei-xin Zheng, Fei Zou","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.01.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To obtain the 3D shape data and features of 50th percentile posterior neck length in Chinese pilots.Methods The posterior neck length was measured in 150 fighter pilots by developed probe array and then 32 fighter pilots who were in accordance with 50th percentile posterior neck length were selected based on these 3D digitized posterior neck measurements.Results The method of digitized measurement was established.The range of posterior neck length was from 81 mm to 168 mm,the mean length was 127.3 mm in 150 pilots.In 32 fighter pilots with 50th percentile posterior neck length,the length range was from 120 mm to 123 mm,the mean length was 121.4 mm.The least square fitting curve was got then and 3D model was established.Conclusions The developed equipment and method are practical and effective.The results can be applied to the 3D analysis of posterior neck shape features and to the design of the neck support and head rest of ejection seat. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Posterior neck;  Anthropometry;  3D digital measurement","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"23-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81983894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}