中华航空航天医学杂志最新文献

{"title":"Current and advanced researches on asymptomatic cerebral infarcts in aircrew","authors":"Dawei Chen, Wenqing Liu, Jin Shi","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.024","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To summarize the current and advanced researches on asymptomatic cerebral infarcts (ACI) in aircrew.Literature resource and selection Relevant references that published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-six references were cited.Literature synthesis ACI was common in aircrew,and also was related to the flying altitude and the type of airplane besides the common risk factors of cardiovascular diseases.Low pressure,high G-force,immobilization during flying and right-to-left shunts were the main causes of ACI.The aviation medical evaluation of ACI in aircrew was usually referred to the waiver guideline of the symptomatic cerebral diseases because there was no guideline specified for ACI.Conclusions The ACI in aircrew is not only correlated to cardiovascular risk factors,but also to flying conditions.In order to resolve the difficulties in the treatment,prevention of ACI and evaluation of flight adaptability for aircrews,it is necessary to strengthen the follow-up and develop the relevant researches. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Brain Infarction;  Decompression;  Hypergravity;  Acceleration;  Review literature;  Aircrew","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"15 1","pages":"229-232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87584228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"General aviation flight safety and human factors","authors":"Xia Zhang, Xiaohui Zheng, Quan Wu, Qinglin Zhou, Feifei Wu, Yaping Huang, Yuexin Ma","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.025","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To retrospectively analyze the general aviation flight accidents,and the related role of human factors such as pilot's gender,age,flight experience,etc.that played in flight accident as well as to provide constructive advices to China general aviation flight safety.Literature resource and selection Relevant literatures on flight safety of general aviation and human factors published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-eight published literatures were cited.Literature synthesis U.S.general aviation accident and prevention researches in this area were reviewed,and the roles of pilot's gender,age,flight experience and combination of factors in the general aviation accidents were analyzed,and the advices for China general aviation flight safety were put forward.Human factors were accounted as the first factor in U.S.general aviation accidents.More male pilots were involved in fatal accidents than female pilots because of the nature adventure reason; older pilots' flight experiences might partially compensate their work ability reduction due to physiological and psychological shortages,but with the increased risk potential in flying mission,flight management should be further perfected.In addition,weather and environment conditions,pilot's alcohol taking,drug abuse and other factors could contribute to general aviation accidents.Conclusions General aviation of China is about to usher in a stage of rapid development.Learning from domestic and international existing research results and experiences in aviation medicine,specifying medical examination standards and mechanism for general aviation pilots,strengthening the education and training of pilots and establishing a sound system of accident investigation would be fully helpful to reduce China general aviation flying accidents that caused by human factors in future and to improve flight safety level. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Accidents, aviation;  Satety;  Gender identity;  Age factors;  Flight experience","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"21 1","pages":"233-238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85710251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three-year follow-up of the naked distant vision in 164 civil flying cadets treated by corneal refractive surgery","authors":"Yirong Wang, Huan Liu","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To explore the effect of corneal refractive surgery and the stability of naked distant vision in the treated civil flying cadets.Methods The naked distant vision,time and method of corneal refractive surgery in 164 flying cadets,who had received the surgery for at least 3 years and acquired Class Ⅰ medical certificate in the physical examination of Civil Aviation Flight University of China,were collected and analyzed.Statistical description and repeated measurement data analysis of variance were used to analyze the change of naked distant vision in the 3 years.Results 93.90％ civil flying cadets' naked distant vision values were above 1.0 in the 3rd year after the corneal refractive surgery.The naked distant vision that corrected by different surgical method was stable (average level was higher than 1.0).There were 20 eyes' naked distant vision ＜1.0 in the 3rd year after surgery,11 of which were ＜1.0 in the 1st year and 9 eyes' dropped amplitude ＞0.1 as compared with that in the 1st year.Conclusions The effect of corneal refractive surgery is satisfied and the treated flying cadets obtain stable distant vision.More visual quality indicators are suggested and the influence of flying environment on post-surgery visiual function should be studied in further. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Keratectomy, Laser;  Vision tests;  Follow-up studies;  flying cadets","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"80 1","pages":"176-179"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85766905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"招飞体检标准修订前后超声检查淘汰情况分析","authors":"邵蕾, 杨军, 周利","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.017","url":null,"abstract":"超声诊断作为空军招收飞行学员(简称招飞)体格检查的重要方法之一,其标准直接影响着招飞工作的质量和数量.笔者对山东、河南两省20052012年招飞体检标准修订前后超声淘汰情况进行回顾分析,为合理利用有限生源,科学把握标准提供参考. 关键词：超声检查(Ultrasonography);体格检查(Physical examination);合格鉴定(Eligibility determination) 分类号：R856.9;R445.1","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"13 1","pages":"217-218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78948089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on solid chemical oxygen generator for survival in the plateau","authors":"Zhou Xingming, Hu Xiao, Mao Shenghua, M. Long","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To develop a plateau lifesaving used solid oxygen generator with such performances as 120 L oxygen delivery capacity,1.5 L/min minimum flow supply,30 min working time and-40℃ to 50℃ working temperature.Methods The structure of oxygen generator for plateau lifesaving was developed based on chlorate combustion and decomposition reaction.Four formulas of oxygen candle were designed.Formula 1:91％ oxygen source +30％ metal powder +2％ catalyst +4％ inhibitor of chlorine; formula 2:91％ oxygen source +5％ metal powder +4％ inhibitor of chlorine; formula 3:91％ oxygen source + 5 ％ metal powder + 4 ％ inhibitor of chlorine in foreside,91.5％ oxygen source +4.5％ metal powder +4％ inhibitor of chlorine in tail; formula 4:88％ oxygen source + 5％ metal powder + 4％ inhibitor of chlorine + 3％ stabilizer in foreside,88.5％ oxygen source +4.5％ metal powder +4％ inhibitor of chlorine +-3％ stabilizer in tail.The oxygen supply performances,such as working time,flow rate,etc.of generator were respectively measured under low,normal and high temperature.The oxygen purification produced from the generator was studied.Two healthy volunteers were selected as the subjects.Their oxygen saturation change (SaO2) was observed at different altitude after they used solid oxygen generator.Results The performance of solid oxygen generator with formula 3 and 4 met the demands of specifications and standards.The oxygen supply performances of formula 4 were more stable and sensitive than others.The gas component produced from the solid oxygen generator was all up to the standard.The SaO2 of two volunteers reached 90％ or higher at 4 939 m altitude after breathing from solid oxygen generator.Conclusions The solid chemical oxygen generator could meet the demands of plateau lifesaving and withstand-40℃ to 50℃ working for 30 min.Reducing catalytic agent,increasing the proper contents of metal fuel and adding stabilizer agent could stabilize the oxygen produce velocity of oxygen generator.A 30-min solid oxygen generator could provide oxygen for 2 people at same time and ensure the effect of oxygen inhalation,which indicates the generator has reached the goal of hypoxia protection in plateau. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Altitude;  Anoxia;  Lifesaving equipment;  Oxygen generator","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"25 1","pages":"198-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78207745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"招飞体检定选检出糖尿病一例","authors":"李晶, 曹吉斌, 徐建, 刘小花","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.015","url":null,"abstract":"一、临床资料患者,男性,18岁,应届高中毕业生,招飞体检初检合格,2013年3月参加招飞定选体检.主诉:体重明显下降,1年前体重100kg,现体重65kg,有糖尿病家族史.内科、外科检查全身浅表淋巴结不大,皮肤黏膜无出血点,胸骨无压痛,肝、脾未触及.身高177 cm,心率92次/min,血压134/74 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),动静态心电图正常,X线胸透及胸部X线片未见异常,彩色多普勒超声检查示腹部脏器正常,无神经系统疾病家族史. 关键词：糖尿病(Diabetes mellitus);体格检查(Physical examination);病例报告(Case report) 分类号：R851.3;R587.1","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"214-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85222099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"变脸:评美国航空航天医学会会刊更名并启用新封面","authors":"王志翔, 马月欣, 吴铨, 张霞","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.023","url":null,"abstract":"美国《航空航天与环境医学》杂志(Aviation,Space,and Environmental Medicine,ASEM)2014年第85卷第1期刊发了该刊的总编辑Frederick Bonato博士的社论文章,宣布这本蓝皮杂志将于2014年年底卷终告一段落,并从2015年1月始更名为:Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance(《航空航天医学与绩效学》杂志),同时更换新设计的封面,仍然保持合理的蓝色调封面. 关键词：航空航天医学(Aerospace medicine);人的绩效(Human performance);期刊(Periodicals) 分类号：R85","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"51 1","pages":"224-228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80955912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of ophthalmic disease detection rates in 174 military aircrews","authors":"Jing An, Xue-song Ge, Lei Zhang, Zuoming Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To analysis the category of ophthalmic diseases in military aircrews,and learn the prevalence of various ophthalmic diseases.Methods The ophthalmic files of 174 aircrews,who were examined in Lintong Sanatorium from 2012 August to 2013 June,were collected.The classified statistics executed according to diseases and occupation categories and age.Results ①The most common ophthalmic diseases were lithiasis conjunctivae,mild pterygium,phacoscotasmus,mild maculae corneae,filaments of pupillary residual membrane.②The aircrews older than 40 yrs showed significant decreased vision acuity as compared with younger groups (P＜0.01).In addition,the corneal curvature was significantly increased in the aircrew older than 40 yrs (P＜0.01).There was no statistical difference in refraction among groups.③ The incidence of Vitreous opacity,arteriosclerosis of retina blood vessel,fundus pathological change were growing in the aircrews older than 40 yrs,and their flying time more than 2 000 hours.Conclusions The common ophthalmic diseases in the screening affect the flying slightly.Different working duty has a certain effect on the incidence of ophthalmic diseases in aircrews.Vision acuity reduces obviously in the aircrews older than 40 yrs,as well as the higher detection rate of senile ophthalmic diseases. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Eye diseases;  Prevalence;  Epidemiologic studies;  Aircrew","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"19 1","pages":"171-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85818781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on positive acceleration induced rabbit lumbar disc degeneration by means of quantized axial loading device","authors":"Qi Wang, Zai-wang Zhang, Panfeng Yu, Si-wen Liu, Jianchang Wang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To estimate the influence of simulated positive acceleration on rabbit lumbar disc degeneration by means of a controllable axial loading device,and to provide experimental reference for the further study on pilot's lumbar disc degeneration.Methods Twenty four New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 4-week group (n=8),8 week group (n=8) and control group (n =8).A self-designed controllable axial loading device was utilized to impose 40 N compress forces on the discs of the rabbits for 15 s,10 times a day for 4 and 8 weeks in two experimental groups respectively but in control group.Degeneration of the discs was evaluated by disc height index (DHI),magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanning results,type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ collagen that got from haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining,and immunohistochemical staining.Results ① Compared with that of control group and 4-week group,DHI of 8-week group had statistical difference (P＜ 0.01).There was no DHI difference between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).②Compared with that of control group and 4 week group,Pfirrmann's system (MRI) of 8 week group showed statistical difference (Z=3.655,3.330,P＜0.01),but the difference between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).③Compared with that of control group and 4-week group,Thompson grade of 8-week group showed statistical difference (Z=2.893,2.095,P＜0.05).Thompson grade did not significantly differ between 4-week group and control group (P＞0.05).④Immunohistochemical staining showed that the degeneration of type Ⅱ collagen in 8-week group was more serious.Staining for type Ⅰ collagen showed that the distribution of positive staining increased in nucleus pulposus.Conclusions According to DHI,MRI and pathology results,the lumbar disc of the rabbits in experimental group appear early degeneration,and become more serious as the loading time prolonged.It provides a good experimental reference for the further study of pilot's lumbar disc degeneration. \u0000 \u0000Key words: \u0000Rabbit;  Intervertebral disc;  Magnetic resonance imaging;  Acceleration;  Model,animal","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"189-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83393149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"飞行员左侧椎动脉盗血一例","authors":"那美晶, 罗惠兰, 王俊华","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2014.03.020","url":null,"abstract":"一、临床资料患者,男性,39岁,教-8飞行员,总飞行时间3 570 h.2013年8月20日因环境不适应出现入睡困难,给予“谷维素片”口服后,症状无改善.9月28日睡前出现一过性心前区刺痛,夜间睡眠好转后胸痛稍缓解.10月11日就诊当地医院,考虑为“肋间神经炎”.10月20日经胸片、CT血管成像检查和肾动脉彩色超声等检查,诊断:①肋间神经痛;②失眠;③腹腔干粥样硬化斑块并狭窄;④肠系膜上动脉粥样硬化斑块并狭窄;⑤左肾静脉血栓,建议行造影检查.为求进一步诊治而入我院.入院后查体:左上肢血压104/70 mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa),右上肢血压134/76 mmHg,左侧桡动脉搏动较右侧减弱.左锁骨上窝可闻及收缩期血管杂音. 关键词：椎动脉(Vertebral artery);锁骨下动脉盗血综合征(Subclavian steal syndrome);肾动脉梗阻(Renal artery obstruction);飞行员(Pilots) 分类号：R856.5;R540.4","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"221-221"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84372655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}