P. Long, Tao Chen, Weiming Yan, Zhe Wang, Qianli Zhang, Zuoming Zhang
{"title":"Research on the simulation method of experiencing night myopia on the ground","authors":"P. Long, Tao Chen, Weiming Yan, Zhe Wang, Qianli Zhang, Zuoming Zhang","doi":"10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.010","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"Objective \nTo establish a simulation method that enables pilots to experience night myopia and help them to improve the understanding of it and its hazards to flight safety. \n \n \nMethods \nThe self-made visual object was a 2 mm-diameter light emitting diode (LED) lamp with controllable luminous intensity. Twenty volunteers with normal vision (≥1.0) were asked to search the target light 6 m away as they adapted the environment in a standard dark room for 20 min. The subjects were guided to slowly move (10-20 cm/s) toward the target light until they saw it. The moment of seeing the object target light was marked as time A and the distance between visual object and subject was marked as LA. Then the subject was asked to stare at the target light and slowly moved apart from the target light until he/she couldn't see it. The target losing moment was marked as time B and the distance between target light and subject was marked as LB. Tobiipro Glass Ⅱ was used to record eye movements and pupil changes in real time. A manual optometry screening instrument (SW-800) was used to detect the refractive diopter under normal indoor lighting condition and the refractive diopters at time A and time B. The degree of night myopia was calculated according to the refractive diopter change and the displacement between LA and LB (LAB). The effects of the luminance of the target light (low: 1×10-3 cd/m2, medium: 2×10-3 cd/m2, high: 3×10-3 cd/m2) and the correction of negative spherical lens (+ 0.5 D and + 1 D) on the experimental results were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. \n \n \nResults \nThe subjects, diopter was respectively (-0.194±0.390)D, (-0.509±0.532)D and (-0.836±0.700)D corresponding to under normal luminance, at time A and at time B. The significance was observed among these 3 conditions (F=6.679, P<0.01). The record of eye movement was consistent with the subject's report. Subject's pupil tended to dilate as soon as the target light was seen. When subjects wore + 1 D spherical correction lens, the results indicated longer LA and shorter LAB comparing to the unaided observation (P<0.05). The LAB under medium and high luminance target light was significantly shorter than that under low luminance (P<0.05). \n \n \nConclusions \nThis method can effectively simulate night myopia effect and assess the myopia, improve the understanding of night myopia, and is suggested to apply to pilot's experience in ground training. \n \n \nKey words: \nMyopia; Refraction, ocular; Dark focus; Ambient luminance; Night; Simulation","PeriodicalId":9904,"journal":{"name":"中华航空航天医学杂志","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2019-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"中华航空航天医学杂志","FirstCategoryId":"1087","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.3760/CMA.J.ISSN.1007-6239.2019.01.010","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
Objective
To establish a simulation method that enables pilots to experience night myopia and help them to improve the understanding of it and its hazards to flight safety.
Methods
The self-made visual object was a 2 mm-diameter light emitting diode (LED) lamp with controllable luminous intensity. Twenty volunteers with normal vision (≥1.0) were asked to search the target light 6 m away as they adapted the environment in a standard dark room for 20 min. The subjects were guided to slowly move (10-20 cm/s) toward the target light until they saw it. The moment of seeing the object target light was marked as time A and the distance between visual object and subject was marked as LA. Then the subject was asked to stare at the target light and slowly moved apart from the target light until he/she couldn't see it. The target losing moment was marked as time B and the distance between target light and subject was marked as LB. Tobiipro Glass Ⅱ was used to record eye movements and pupil changes in real time. A manual optometry screening instrument (SW-800) was used to detect the refractive diopter under normal indoor lighting condition and the refractive diopters at time A and time B. The degree of night myopia was calculated according to the refractive diopter change and the displacement between LA and LB (LAB). The effects of the luminance of the target light (low: 1×10-3 cd/m2, medium: 2×10-3 cd/m2, high: 3×10-3 cd/m2) and the correction of negative spherical lens (+ 0.5 D and + 1 D) on the experimental results were analyzed. One-way analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis.
Results
The subjects, diopter was respectively (-0.194±0.390)D, (-0.509±0.532)D and (-0.836±0.700)D corresponding to under normal luminance, at time A and at time B. The significance was observed among these 3 conditions (F=6.679, P<0.01). The record of eye movement was consistent with the subject's report. Subject's pupil tended to dilate as soon as the target light was seen. When subjects wore + 1 D spherical correction lens, the results indicated longer LA and shorter LAB comparing to the unaided observation (P<0.05). The LAB under medium and high luminance target light was significantly shorter than that under low luminance (P<0.05).
Conclusions
This method can effectively simulate night myopia effect and assess the myopia, improve the understanding of night myopia, and is suggested to apply to pilot's experience in ground training.
Key words:
Myopia; Refraction, ocular; Dark focus; Ambient luminance; Night; Simulation
期刊介绍:
The aim of Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine is to combine theory and practice, improve and popularize, actively advocate a hundred flowers bloom and a hundred schools of thought contend, advocate seeking truth from facts, promote the development of the related disciplines of aerospace medicine and human efficiency, and promote the exchange and penetration of aerospace medicine and human efficiency with other biomedical and engineering specialties.
Topics of interest for Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine include:
-The content of the journal belongs to the discipline of special medicine and military medicine, with the characteristics of multidisciplinary synthesis and cross-penetration, and mainly reflected in the aerospace industry, aerospace flight safety and efficiency, as well as the synthesis of special medicine, preventive medicine, environmental medicine, psychology, etc.
-Military aeromedicine (Air Force, Navy and Army aeromedicine) and civil aeromedicine, with a balance of aerospace medicine are the strengths of the journal.
-The change in aerospace medicine from a focus on promoting physiological compensatory adaptations to enhancing human performance under extreme environmental conditions is what the journal is helping to promote.
-The expansion of manuscripts in high altitude medicine is also a special emphasis of the journal.