Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Rosmarinic acid alleviated intestinal barrier damage caused by Escherichia coli by regulating the gut microbiota and inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway in mice†","authors":"Dandan Yi, Xia Liu, Menghui Wang, Linyi Zhao, Yu Liu, Zhiran Xu, Ying Peng, Rui Zhang, Qianyin Wei, Zhengmin Liang and Jiakang He","doi":"10.1039/D4FO02654C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO02654C","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) is a common zoonotic foodborne pathogen that poses a major threat to public health and economic development. Rosmarinic acid (RA) can inhibit intestinal inflammation; however, the protective effect of RA against the intestinal barrier damage induced by <em>E. coli</em> in mice and the underlying mechanism have not been elucidated. In this study, mice were orally administered with RA (20 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>) by gavage for one week and then were intraperitoneally challenged with <em>E. coli</em>. Mouse colonic epithelial cells (MCECs) were pretreated with RA for 6 h and challenged with <em>E. coli</em> (MOI = 1000) for 3 h. The results revealed that RA alleviated <em>E. coli</em>-induced weight loss in mice; reduced the increase in the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the serum; alleviated the decrease in ZO-1 protein expression; and increased intestinal permeability by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway both <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Moreover, RA relieved the increase in intestinal permeability, reversed the structural damage to the mouse gut microbiota caused by <em>E. coli</em>, and increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria, including <em>Lachnospiraceae_NK4136</em>_group. Additionally, RA lost its protective function against <em>E. coli</em> infection in a pseudosterile mouse model, suggesting that the protection induced by RA was dependent on the gut microbiota. In conclusion, these results indicate that RA alleviates <em>E. coli</em>-induced inflammatory damage to the intestinal barrier by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway and maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. These findings provide new ideas and foundations for the application of RA as protection against <em>E</em>. <em>coli</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 23","pages":" 11740-11756"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lycium ruthenicum Murray anthocyanin-driven neuroprotection modulates the gut microbiome and metabolome of MPTP-treated mice†","authors":"Hongdou Cao, Qi Tian, Liwen Chu, Lingyu Wu, Hua Gao and Qinghan Gao","doi":"10.1039/D4FO01878H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO01878H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Emerging evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) is strongly associated with altered gut microbiota. The present study investigated the prophylactic effects of anthocyanins (ACNs) from <em>Lycium ruthenicum</em> Murray on Parkinson's disease based on microbiomics and metabolomics. In this study, sixty-six adult male C57BL/6J mice were randomized into the control group, model group, positive drug (Madopar) group, and low-, medium- and high-dose ACN groups. Behavioral experiments were conducted and pathological indicators were determined. Fresh feces were collected for microbiomic analysis using 16S rRNA sequencing. Urine and serum were analyzed by the UPLC-MS method for untargeted metabolomics. The results demonstrated that ACNs ameliorated 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced motor deficits, dopamine neuron death, and glial cell activation, while 100 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 200 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small> ACNs were more neuroprotective than 50 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>. Mice with PD-like phenotypes have an altered gut microbiota composition, and ACNs may regulate this disorder by causing an increase in Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratio and abundance of <em>norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group</em> and a decrease in the abundance of <em>norank_f__Muribaculaceae</em>, <em>Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002</em> and <em>Parvibacter</em>. Furthermore, ACNs increased 14 urinary key metabolites such as DIMBOA-Glc and tauroursodeoxycholic acid, decreased <em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-dimethyllysine, and increased 12 serum key metabolites such as 1-methylguanine and 1-nitro-5-glutathionyl-6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydronaphthalene, and decreased lamivudine-monophosphate and 5-butyl-2- methylpyridine. The present study reveals that ACNs are protective against MPTP-induced PD in mice by modulating anti-inflammatory flora in the gut and endogenous metabolites in serum/urine, and the key mechanisms may be related to <em>Coriobacteriaceae_UCG-002</em> and glycerophospholipid metabolic pathways. Our findings provide new insights into the pathogenesis and potential treatment of Parkinson's disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 24","pages":" 12210-12227"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142724301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Randomized controlled trials of the effects of capsaicin or menthol on irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis†","authors":"Qingying Fang, Leilei Yu, Fengwei Tian, Wei Chen, Qixiao Zhai and Hao Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04268A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04268A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common intestinal disease characterized by abdominal pain, abdominal distension and irregular defecation frequency, and it has had a high incidence and low cure rate in recent years. Visceral hypersensitivity (VH) is one of the main physiological indicators of IBS, and TRPV1 and TRPM8 (transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and melastatin 8) play crucial roles in VH and are widely distributed in the intestine, significantly impacting abdominal pain in IBS patients. Under the guidance of PRISMA, four databases were systematically searched at the outset, including PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting specific abdominal pain scores (rather than the incidence rate) in IBS patients receiving capsaicin or menthol (agonist of TRPV1 and TRPM8) interventions were included. A meta-analysis was conducted on the retrieved studies, which consisted of three articles on capsaicin and five articles on menthol, to compare the efficacy of capsaicin and menthol in alleviating abdominal pain in IBS patients under conditions of low heterogeneity. The results demonstrated that menthol had a significant effect in relieving abdominal pain in IBS patients. Conversely, although the effect of capsaicin was not statistically significant, two studies involving long-term capsaicin intervention suggested its potential to reduce VH and subsequently relieve abdominal pain, which may be attributed to the up-regulation of the TRPV1 receptor in the gastrointestinal tract of individuals with IBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 24","pages":" 11865-11874"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consumption of carotenoid-rich Momordica cochinchinensis (Gac) aril improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetic mice partially through taste receptor type 1 mediated glucagon-like peptide 1 secretion†","authors":"Ying-Ying Hsieh, Wen-Chi Hou, Su-Jung Hsu, Chia-Ching Liaw, Cheng Huang, Meng-Chun Monica Shih, Yuh-Chiang Shen, Ying-Fang Chen, Ching-Kuo Lee, Oscar K. Lee, Chia-Chune Wu, I-Jung Lee, Jing-Jy Cheng, Yu-Chang Hou and Hui-Kang Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04316B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04316B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Incretin-based therapies are widely used to improve glycemic control and β cell dysfunction in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. <em>Momordica cochinchinensis</em> (Gac fruit), a nutritious melon cultivated in many regions, has underexplored health benefits, particular its edible aril. This study comprehensively investigates the stimulatory effect of Gac aril on glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretion, identifies the responsible active constituents, and explores the underlying mechanisms related to its anti-diabetic effects. GLP-1-secreting STC-1 intestinal L cells were used to assess bioactivity and molecular mechanisms. Additionally, the <em>in vivo</em> anti-diabetic effects of Gac aril consumption were evaluated using type 2 diabetic mice induced by a high fat diet and streptozotocin injection, with or without GLP-1 receptor expression. The results demonstrated that Gac pulp and aril stimulated GLP-1 secretion, while Gac seeds did not. β-Carotene, a major constituent of Gac aril, was identified as the key mediator of GLP-1 secretion <em>via</em> sweet taste receptor-mediated signaling in STC-1 cells. Dietary intake of Gac aril significantly improved fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, β-cell function, and hemoglobin A1c in type 2 diabetic mice. GLP-1 levels increased 2-fold, and decreased levels of ghrelin and adiponectin were restored. The anti-diabetic effects were partially diminished in GLP-1 receptor knockout mice, suggesting Gac aril's effects are mediated, in part, through GLP-1. In conclusion, Gac aril consumption may provide health benefits for managing type 2 diabetes, partially by enhancing endogenous GLP-1 levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 23","pages":" 11415-11431"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral administration of cranberry-derived exosomes attenuates murine premature ovarian failure in association with changes in the specific gut microbiota and diminution in ovarian granulosa cell PANoptosis†","authors":"Zeyu Cui, Te Liu, Yichao Wen, Weihao Li, Jianghong Xu, Yingjuan Chen, Danping Chen and Ying Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D4FO03468F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO03468F","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Background</em>: Although a high-fat and high-sugar diet (HFHS) can induce ovarian insufficiency and premature ovarian failure (POF)—making the treatment difficult—plant-derived exosome-like nanovesicles manifest numerous therapeutic effects on various diseases. <em>Purpose</em>: To explore the therapeutic effects and the molecular biology mechanism of exosomes derived from <em>Vaccinium macrocarpon</em> Ait (cranberry) (Va-exos) in the treatment of murine HFHS-POF. <em>Methods</em>: The exosomes from cranberry (Va-exos) were isolated, purified and fed to HFHS-POF model mice. The pathological changes in ovaries, livers, intestines were detected by H&amp;E and Masson staining. The 16s rRNA-seq technique was used to investigate the changes in the gut microbiota and microecology. The mRNA and protein expressions of PANoptosis and their phosphorylation levels in ovarian granulosa cells were detected by qPCR and western blot. <em>Results</em>: Pathological examination showed that Va-exos not only significantly alleviated the symptoms of POF in model mice but also improved the intestinal barrier function and inhibited the production of inflammatory factors. The high-throughput sequencing results of 16s rRNA indicated that the relative abundances of Akkermansia and Allobaculum microorganisms in the intestines of the Va-exos group of mice significantly increased, while the relative abundances of uncultured-bacterium_f-Muribaculaceae, <em>Dubosiella</em>, and uncultured-bacterium_f-Lachnospiraceae microorganisms were significantly reduced. The FCM test results indicated that Va-exos significantly reduced necrosis, apoptosis, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species in ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) of the HFHS POF mice. Finally, both qPCR and western-blot analyses indicated that Va-exos significantly attenuated the expression levels of key regulatory factors in the PANoptosis of OGCs in HFHS POF mice. <em>Conclusion</em>: We confirmed that oral administration of cranberry-derived exosomes attenuated murine POF by modulating the gut microbiota and decreasing ovarian granulosa cell PANoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 23","pages":" 11697-11714"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/fo/d4fo03468f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Using integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the effects of infant formula on the growth and development of small intestinal organoids","authors":"Xianli Wang, Yuxin Jing, Chengdong Zheng, Chenxuan Huang, Haiyang Yao, Zimo Guo, Yilun Wu, Zening Wang, Zhengyang Wu, Ruihong Ge, Wei Cheng, Yuanyuan Yan, Shilong Jiang, Jianguo Sun, Jingquan Li, Qinggang Xie, Xiaoguang Li and Hui Wang","doi":"10.1039/D4FO90094D","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO90094D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Correction for ‘Using integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics to explore the effects of infant formula on the growth and development of small intestinal organoids’ by Xianli Wang <em>et al.</em>, <em>Food Funct.</em>, 2024, <strong>15</strong>, 9191–9209, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4fo01723d.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 23","pages":" 11795-11795"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/fo/d4fo90094d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corn cob and corn silk-based ingredients possess bioaccessible and antioxidant phenolic compounds displaying anti-inflammatory effects in vitro†","authors":"Yessica Rubí Hernández-García, Ivan Luzardo-Ocampo, Marcela Gaytán-Martínez, Guadalupe Loarca-Piña, Estela Vázquez-Barrios and Rocio Campos-Vega","doi":"10.1039/D4FO02968B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO02968B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The poor disposal and lack of utilization of corn cob (CC) and corn silk (CS) generate environmental problems. This research aimed to develop CC and CS-based ingredients (1 : 1, 1 : 2, and 2 : 1 mixtures) and evaluate the <em>in vitro</em> gastrointestinal bioaccessibility of selected polyphenols and their anti-inflammatory effect. (+)-Catechin, gallic acid, and <em>p</em>-coumaric acid were detected (HPLC-DAD) at all digestion stages and are the major contributors to the observed antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects <em>in vitro</em>. Compounds from the digestible fractions of the ingredients contributed to up to 60% of membrane stability <em>in vitro</em> in human red blood cells, compared to Diclofenac® (82%). (+)-Catechin was the compound exhibiting the highest anti-inflammatory effect <em>in silico</em> against anti- and pro-inflammatory PGE2, PPARγ, and COX-2 proteins at two model pH levels of membrane stability (5.7 and 7.0). Results suggested that polyphenols from agricultural residues (CC and CS) manufactured as ingredients are bioaccessible and exhibit potential biological effects, and could be used as potential feasible food ingredients.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 24","pages":" 12069-12082"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142680257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk metals and metalloids shape infant microbiota†","authors":"Eduard Flores Ventura, Manuel Bernabeu, Belén Callejón-Leblic, Raúl Cabrera-Rubio, Laxmi Yeruva, Javier Estañ-Capell, Cecilia Martínez-Costa, Tamara García-Barrera and María Carmen Collado","doi":"10.1039/D4FO01929F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO01929F","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Background</em>: The profile of metal(loid)s in human milk is essential for infant growth and development, yet its impact on the development of the infant microbiota remains unclear. Elements, such as manganese, zinc, iron or copper, play crucial roles in influencing infant health. <em>Aim</em>: To investigate the metal(loid) content within human milk and its influence on the infant's gut microbiota within the first 2 months after birth. <em>Methods</em>: Human milk samples and infant stool samples from 77 mother–infant dyads in the MAMI cohort were collected at two time points: the early transitional stage and the mature stage. Metallomic profiling of human milk was conducted using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The infant gut microbiota was profiled through 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and maternal–infant clinical data were available. Spearman's rank correlation coefficientsprovided insights into metal(loid)–microbiota relationships. <em>Results</em>: Independent cross-sectional analyses of mother–infant pairs at two time points, significant variations in metal concentrations and differences in microbial abundances and diversities were observed. Notably, <em>Bifidobacterium</em> genus abundance was higher during the mature lactation stage. During early lactation, we found a significant positive correlation between infant gut <em>Corynebacterium</em> and human milk nickel concentrations, and negative correlations between <em>Veillonella</em> spp. and antimony, and <em>Enterobacter</em> spp. and copper. Additionally, Simpson's diversity was negatively correlated with iron. In the mature lactation stage, we identified eleven significant correlations between metals and microbiota. Notably, <em>Klebsiella</em> genus showed multiple negative correlations with iron, antimony, and vanadium. <em>Conclusion</em>: Our study highlights the significance of metal(loid)–microbiota interactions in early infant development, indicating that infant gut <em>Klebsiella</em> genus may be particularly vulnerable to fluctuations in metal(loid) levels present in human milk, when compared to other genera. Future research should explore these interactions at a strain level and the implications on infant health and development. This trial was registered as NCT03552939.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 24","pages":" 12134-12145"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/fo/d4fo01929f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142708528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus paracasei JM053 alleviates osteoporosis in rats by increasing the content of soy isoflavone aglycones in fermented soymilk","authors":"Yaping Zheng, Shasha Cheng, Hongxuan Li, Yilin Sun, Ling Guo, Chaoxin Man, Yu Zhang, Wei Zhang and Yujun Jiang","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04381B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04381B","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> JM053 has a significant ability to convert soy isoflavones and can be used as a fermentation strain to ferment soymilk, thereby increasing the content of free aglycones in soymilk and thus providing an effective method to alleviate osteoporosis symptoms. This study aims to establish a rat model of osteoporosis induced by dexamethasone (DEX) and clarify the alleviating effect of soymilk fermented with <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> JM053 on osteoporosis. Research has shown that fermented soymilk with <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> JM053 can inhibit weight loss in rats caused by DEX, regulate the expression of inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) towards normal levels, and increase levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) to promote bone synthesis. By observing the microstructure of bone tissue through microCT and Goldner staining, it was found that, compared with the model group, fermented soymilk with <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> JM053 can alleviate the damage to bone tissue structure caused by DEX by increasing the number of bone trabeculae and reducing fracture. Fermented soymilk with <em>Lacticaseibacillus paracasei</em> JM053 can alleviate bone metabolism disorders by regulating gut microbiota and metabolite content. This study provides theoretical and data-based support for developing functional products that can alleviate osteoporosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 24","pages":" 12118-12133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142685507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galacto-oligosaccharides regulate intestinal mucosal sialylation to counteract antibiotic-induced mucin dysbiosis†","authors":"Laipeng Xu, Xuan Li, Shuibing Han, Chunlong Mu and Weiyun Zhu","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04626A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04626A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Intestinal mucin offers a physical barrier to maintain host–commensal homeostasis. Glycosylation is essential for the appropriate functioning of mucin. Galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) have been used as a prebiotic with proven intestinal benefits, while their regulatory mechanism on mucin remains unclear. This study employed an antibiotic-treated rat model to mimic gut dysbiosis and attempted to restore gut dysbiosis using GOS. The gut microbiome and intestinal mucus <em>O</em>-glycosylations (<em>O</em>-glycans) in the small intestine were profiled by high-throughput sequencing and glycomics. The sialic acid phenotype at the end of <em>O</em>-glycans was further validated with lectin staining. Expressions of key enzymes in sialic acid metabolism and epithelial morphology were determined as well. Antibiotics significantly increased the relative abundance of <em>Escherichia</em>/<em>Shigella</em> and decreased the relative abundance of <em>Lactobacillus</em>. This was accompanied by decreased microbial sialidase activity and increased sialic acid in the digesta, as well as an increase in epithelial sialidase activity. Analysis of key sialylation enzymes showed the upregulation of α 2,6 sialylation (<em>e.g. ST6GALNACs</em>) and downregulation of α 2,3 sialylation (<em>e.g. ST3GALs</em>) after antibiotic treatment. The glycomics results revealed that antibiotics increased core 4 and α 2,6 sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans and decreased core 1, core 3 and α 2,3 sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans in the intestinal mucus of rats, which was further confirmed by lectin staining. Intestinal histology results demonstrated that antibiotic treatment led to the dysbiosis of intestinal mucus homeostasis. To further test the role of microbiota in regulating intestinal mucus sialylation, we supplemented GOS with antibiotics. The results showed that GOS reversed the effects of antibiotics on the gut microbiota and intestinal mucus <em>O</em>-glycans (especially sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans), characterized by an increase of <em>Lactobacillus</em> and α 2,3 sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans and a decrease of <em>Escherichia</em>/<em>Shigella</em> and α 2,6 sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans. What's more, GOS reduced the stimulation of the intestinal mucosa by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by increasing α 2,3 sialylated intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) to enhance IAP activity, thereby restoring intestinal mucus homeostasis. Overall, GOS counteracts antibiotic-induced mucin deficiency by remedying the gut ecology and changing the mucin sialylation pattern, as reflected by the increase of α 2,3 sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans and the decrease of α 2,6 sialylated <em>O</em>-glycans.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 24","pages":" 12016-12032"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142674582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}