Xiuyan Wan, Yingli Ge, Wanqi Zhu, Jie Zhang, Wei Pan, Na Li, Bo Tang
{"title":"GalNAc-functionalized metal-organic frameworks for targeted siRNA delivery: enhancing survivin silencing in hepatocellular carcinoma.","authors":"Xiuyan Wan, Yingli Ge, Wanqi Zhu, Jie Zhang, Wei Pan, Na Li, Bo Tang","doi":"10.1039/d5bm00363f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5bm00363f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is a potent method for silencing survivin mRNA within cells, offering a promising option for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) since survivin is specifically overexpressed in HCC cells. However, the clinical use of gene therapy with siRNA is limited by factors such as rapid enzyme degradation, low cell uptake, and non-specific distribution in the body. In this study, we investigate the use of a specially selected metal-organic framework (MOF) to encapsulate siRNA, with the aim of silencing survivin mRNA in HCC cells and reducing the survivin protein level. The MOF was functionalized with triantennary <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), which has high affinity for asialoglycoprotein receptors that are overexpressed in HCC cells. Both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experiments showed that the GalNAc-decorated MOF specifically accumulated in HCC tumor tissue and was effectively endocytosed by HCC cells. The protective properties of the MOF increased the stability of siRNA and allowed for significant downregulation of survivin expression in HCC tumors, contributing to tumor inhibition through the suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis. These findings highlight the potential of MOF-based siRNA delivery systems for targeted cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143770760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jinhua Qiu, Hui Zhao, Shifang Luan, Lei Wang, Hengchong Shi
{"title":"Recent advances in functional polyurethane elastomers: from structural design to biomedical applications.","authors":"Jinhua Qiu, Hui Zhao, Shifang Luan, Lei Wang, Hengchong Shi","doi":"10.1039/d5bm00122f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5bm00122f","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polyurethane (PU) is a synthetic polymer with a micro-phase separation structure and tunable mechanical properties. Since the first successful application of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) <i>in vivo</i> in 1967, PU has become an important biomedical material for various applications in tissue engineering, artificial organs, wound healing, surgical sutures, medical catheters, and bio-flexible electronics. This review summarizes three strategies for regulating the mechanical properties of medical PU elastomers, including monomer design and selection, modification and arrangement of segments, and incorporation of nanofillers. Furthermore, we discuss the feasible strategies to achieve the biodegradability and self-healing properties of polyurethane to meet specific biomedical needs. Finally, this review highlights the latest advancements in functionalized PU for biomedical applications and offers insights into its future development.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emma D Stephens, Fereshteh Oustadi, Hunter Marcelo, Jaqueline L Vierra, Kartikeya Murari, Philip Egberts, Maryam Badv
{"title":"Gradually-frozen aligned bacterial nanocellulose membranes loaded with gallic acid exhibit enhanced mechanical and dual antithrombotic-antimicrobial properties.","authors":"Emma D Stephens, Fereshteh Oustadi, Hunter Marcelo, Jaqueline L Vierra, Kartikeya Murari, Philip Egberts, Maryam Badv","doi":"10.1039/d5bm00176e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d5bm00176e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a versatile natural polymer with unique morphological properties. However, its susceptibility to biofouling limits its utility in healthcare. To address this challenge, this study explores the incorporation of gallic acid, a phenolic acid with potent antimicrobial and antithrombotic properties, into BNC membranes. Additionally, a novel drying method termed gradual freezing is introduced, resulting in a directionally-aligned BNC membrane with enhanced mechanical integrity and high porosity. Using glycerol as a solvent and plasticizer, gallic acid was loaded into air-dried BNC (AD-BNC), freeze-dried BNC (FD-BNC), and gradually-frozen BNC (GF-BNC) membranes. Successful drug-loading into FD-BNC and GF-BNC significantly increased the elasticity of the films, however mechanical testing indicated that GF-BNC and its gallic acid/glycerol loaded counterpart (GF-GG-BNC) achieved overall optimal mechanical strength and elasticity. These samples were selected for further antifouling testing. Antibacterial assays demonstrated the practical efficacy of GF-GG-BNC in inhibiting the proliferation and biofilm formation of <i>E. coli</i> and <i>S. aureus</i>, while favorable antithrombotic behaviour prevented clot formation and red blood cell adhesion on the material's surface when compared to GF-BNC membranes. These findings highlight the potential of GF-GG-BNC as a multifunctional biomaterial for the prevention of biofouling in biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143762660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Qianyi Wu, Shuyun Liu, Meng Zhao, Yizhuo Wang, Ke Lv, Jiaying Zhu, Jingping Liu
{"title":"Pyroptosis-preconditioned mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles as advanced nanomedicines for treating inflammatory diseases.","authors":"Qianyi Wu, Shuyun Liu, Meng Zhao, Yizhuo Wang, Ke Lv, Jiaying Zhu, Jingping Liu","doi":"10.1039/d4bm01505c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4bm01505c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Uncontrolled inflammation is one of the major causes of various forms of tissue injury, and nanomedicines with immunoregulatory effects are needed. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles (<i>e.g.</i>, MSC-EVs) have been proposed as promising therapies, but the highly efficient generation of EVs with desirable properties is still a considerable challenge in this field. Here, we report that preconditioning MSCs with a critical immune process (pyroptosis) is a robust method for improving both the yield and anti-inflammatory potency of MSC-EVs. In brief, pyroptosis-preconditioned MSCs using a combined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stimulation showed elevated EV yields compared with those of MSCs cultured under normal conditions. Pyroptosis preconditioning upregulated multiple pathways (<i>e.g.</i>, cell proliferation, DNA repair, and the immune response) in MSCs, leading to the enrichment of immunoregulatory cargos (<i>e.g.</i>, PD-L2 and STC2) in MSC-EVs. <i>In vitro</i>, pyroptosis-preconditioned MSC-EVs (P-EVs) treatment has greater potential to suppress cytokine expression and cell death in pyroptotic macrophages than treatment with normal MSC-EVs (N-EVs). Compared with N-EV treatment, P-EV treatment showed superior potency in attenuating proinflammatory cell infiltration, cytokine/chemokine expression, resident tissue cell death, and the severity of pathological injury in different models of inflammatory diseases (acute lung or kidney injury), and these effects are likely the joint result of diverse functional cargos delivered by such EVs. This study highlights that pyroptosis preconditioning is a promising strategy for the highly efficient production of MSC-EVs with advanced therapeutic potential for treating diverse inflammatory diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143750222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George A. Loxley, Consuelo Coser, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami and Jing Yang
{"title":"Long-term interleukin-4 release from 3D printable affinity hydrogels promotes M2-like macrophage polarisation in vitro†","authors":"George A. Loxley, Consuelo Coser, Amir M. Ghaemmaghami and Jing Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4BM01623H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4BM01623H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The biopharmaceutical industry for engineered protein drugs is rapidly increasing in size but there is a lack of controlled release vehicles to enable targeted delivery for regenerative medicine applications. In this study, we used photocrosslinkable 3-sulfopropyl acrylate potassium salt (SPAK)–poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) hydrogels to achieve controlled release of lysozyme for 70 days with zero-order release and tuneable release rate. Scaling down hydrogel volume and protein loading concentration to release Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and Interleukin-4 (IL-4) resulted in low cumulative release, even without SPAK. Increasing PEGDA molecular weight from 4 kDa to 20 kDa improved TGF-β1 release but it still remained below 10% after 10 days. We observed sustained IL-4 release in the therapeutic ng mL<small><sup>−1</sup></small> range for 73 days when loading IL-4 to 5% SPAK–10% PEGDA post photocrosslinking. Released IL-4 maintained bioactivity, promoting M2-like polarisation of THP-1 macrophages with day 53 supernatant, modelling long-term immunomodulation <em>in vitro</em>. We manufactured SPAK–PEGDA hydrogels by projection micro stereolithography, in which 3D printed 5% SPAK–10% PEGDA had an increased lysozyme release rate compared to its cast counterpart. 3D printed 5% SPAK–10% PEGDA with porous 3D design had an increased lysozyme release rate compared to a volume matched non-porous design. These findings highlight the potential of SPAK–PEGDA hydrogels for long-term cytokine delivery and show proof-of-concept for manipulating protein release kinetics with 3D printed hydrogel design.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 9","pages":" 2489-2502"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11951857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pavel Seredin, Dmitry Goloshchapov, Yaroslav Peshkov, Andrey Potapov, Yana Gribanova, Khidmet Shikhaliev, Yury Ippolitov, Raul O. Freitas, Iman A. Mahdy, Manal A. Mahdy and Boknam Chae
{"title":"Biomimetic organomineral layers with antibacterial properties based on di/tetrahydroquinolinediol and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite deposited on enamel surface†","authors":"Pavel Seredin, Dmitry Goloshchapov, Yaroslav Peshkov, Andrey Potapov, Yana Gribanova, Khidmet Shikhaliev, Yury Ippolitov, Raul O. Freitas, Iman A. Mahdy, Manal A. Mahdy and Boknam Chae","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00070J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00070J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The paper proposes a strategy for the accelerated deposition of biomimetic organomineral layers on the surface of dental enamel, utilizing di/tetrahydroquinolinediol (hydroxyquinoline) polymerized in the presence of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nano-cHAp). The mechanisms underlying the formation of dental coatings were elucidated through a combination of structural, microstructural, and spectroscopic analytical methods, including synchrotron infrared nanoimaging. Additionally, the antimicrobial effects of these coatings were investigated. It has been demonstrated that the deposition of an organomineral layer, based on polymerized dihydroxyquinoline, on the surface of natural enamel leads to the agglomeration and orientation of hydroxyapatite nanocrystals within the coating. This process enables the layer to replicate the mechanical properties of natural enamel, resulting in a microhardness value that closely resembles that of natural enamel. Using synchrotron s-SNOM, it has been established that the biomimetic organomineral layer possesses the morphological structure of a poly(2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline-6,7-diol (TMDHQ))/nano-cHAp composite film, which is homogeneously distributed and tightly packed on the enamel surface. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that the dental coating formed from polydihydroxyquinoline and nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite exhibits inhibitory activity against colonies of <em>Streptococcus</em> spp. The developed technology for the formation of dental biomimetic layers, which exhibit simultaneous antibacterial and mineralizing effects, holds significant potential for future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 9","pages":" 2444-2461"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peng Hua, Suleixin Yang, Lin Yu, Yongzhuo Huang and Meiwan Chen
{"title":"Natural product-integrated microneedle patch for rheumatoid arthritis treatment through anti-inflammation and angiogenesis suppression†","authors":"Peng Hua, Suleixin Yang, Lin Yu, Yongzhuo Huang and Meiwan Chen","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00036J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00036J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Synovitis and angiogenesis are two essential pathological factors that synergistically aggravate rheumatoid arthritis (RA), in which the highly inflammatory environment promotes new blood vessel formation while constant angiogenesis renders recruitment of more inflammatory macrophages. Herein, we developed a micelle-embedded dissolvable microneedle to realize both anti-inflammation and anti-angiogenesis effects for enhanced anti-arthritis therapy. Anti-arthritis natural products, berberine (Ber) and sinomenine (Sin), were encapsulated in the reactive oxygen species (ROS)-responsive micelles (B/S-TMs) and self-assembled using thioketal-modified amphiphilic copolymer PLGA-TK-PEG, followed by their integration into a carboxymethyl cellulose-based microneedle to achieve effective transdermal delivery and rapid cargo release. B/S-TMs were accumulated in the RA joint <em>via</em> passive targeting, and they released Ber and Sin through thioketal bond cleavage under a high ROS level environment. Interestingly, Ber or Sin individually exerted anti-inflammatory effect <em>via</em> simultaneously promoting M2 macrophage polarization and anti-angiogenesis effect by decreasing the endothelial cell migration and tube formation. The combined Ber and Sin further amplified these effects. The therapeutic microneedle patch (B/S-TM@MN) significantly decreased the expression of CD68-positive macrophages and CD31-stained blood vessel, attaining improved anti-arthritis efficacy compared with monotherapies in the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model. Our work represents a promising strategy for targeting multiple pathological factors for enhanced anti-RA therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 9","pages":" 2462-2474"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/bm/d5bm00036j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143717672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gayathri R. Ediriweera, Mengdie Li, Nicholas L. Fletcher, Zachary H. Houston, Muneer Ahamed, Idriss Blakey and Kristofer J. Thurecht
{"title":"Harnessing nanoparticles and bioorthogonal chemistries for improving precision of nuclear medicine","authors":"Gayathri R. Ediriweera, Mengdie Li, Nicholas L. Fletcher, Zachary H. Houston, Muneer Ahamed, Idriss Blakey and Kristofer J. Thurecht","doi":"10.1039/D4BM01387E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4BM01387E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The convergence of nanotechnology, radiopharmaceutical development and molecular imaging has unveiled exciting opportunities for the progress of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, paving the way for significant advancements in biomedical research, especially in relation to cancer. For example, the use of highly sensitive and quantitative nuclear imaging techniques including PET and SPECT, together with nanoparticles for tumour imaging and therapy has recently expanded rapidly. While the long circulating properties of many nanomaterials are beneficial for prodrug chemotherapy formulations, due to the constant decay processes involved in nuclear medicines, directly labelled materials result in prolonged systemic radiation exposure and reduced therapeutic indices due to the unfavourable target-to-background ratios. This is due to the tendency for long circulating nanomaterials to distribute within the blood to other organs, such as the liver and spleen. The recent integration of bioorthogonal chemistry with nanotechnology and molecular imaging/radiotherapy has revolutionized the field by allowing the decoupling of the targeting molecule (<em>i.e.</em> nanomaterial with a bioorthogonal tag) and the imaging/therapeutic radioisotope. In this way, the detection/therapeutic element can be administered as a secondary “chase” molecule that contains the bioorthogonal partner, thereby creating an avenue to improve therapeutic index and provide imaging and treatments with reduced risk. This review will provide an overview of the progress made thus far in the field of nuclear imaging and radiotherapy for cancer using the combination of nanomaterials and bioorthogonal chemistry. We also provide a critical evaluation of the challenges and opportunities for using these approaches to better understand disease and treatment mechanisms, with the potential for downstream clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 9","pages":" 2297-2319"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143707799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiao Zhang, Bowen Zhao, Shiwei Fu, Ronald S. Seruya, Hannah E. Fanos, Ashley A. Petrisor, Yilin Liu, Zixin Yang and Fuwu Zhang
{"title":"Controlling stimulus sensitivity by tailoring nanoparticle core hydrophobicity†","authors":"Xiao Zhang, Bowen Zhao, Shiwei Fu, Ronald S. Seruya, Hannah E. Fanos, Ashley A. Petrisor, Yilin Liu, Zixin Yang and Fuwu Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00163C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00163C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, necessitating the development of more effective therapeutic strategies. This work presents a novel glutathione (GSH)-responsive platform designed to enhance the delivery and efficacy of the anticancer drug mertansine (DM1) through the modulation of pendant groups in polycarbonate–drug conjugates. By systematically varying the hydrophobicity of the pendant groups, we investigated their effects on nanostructures, GSH sensitivity, colloidal stability, drug release profiles, and the <em>in vitro</em> anticancer efficacy of these polymeric nanoparticles, revealing that more hydrophobic pendant groups effectively reduce GSH accessibility for the nanoparticle cores, improve colloidal stability, and slow drug release rates. The results underscore the critical importance of polymer structures in optimizing drug delivery systems and offer valuable insights for future research on advanced nanomaterials with enhanced drug delivery for cancer therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 9","pages":" 2332-2339"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11939950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Acid responsive molybdenum (Mo)-based nanoparticles inhibit the cGAS-STING signaling pathway for sepsis therapy†","authors":"Xinyu Wang, Qingbin He, Lining Wang, Chengzhilin Li, Wenyu Zhang, Zhonghou Rong, Qingqing Yin and Yingchun Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D5BM00007F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5BM00007F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sepsis, an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial infection, has become a global public health crisis. Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sepsis patients act as the primary trigger for activating intracellular immune pathways, ultimately leading to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The overexpression of acidic metabolites and ROS, characteristic of the infected microenvironment, significantly impedes sepsis treatment. Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), a cytosolic DNA sensor, plays a key role in inflammatory diseases. The detrimental effects of STING in sepsis have been well documented. Here, we developed a pH-responsive nanotherapy platform (DMSNM@C-178/PAA) that combines ROS scavenging with cGAS-STING pathway inhibition for anti-inflammatory therapy. This nanoparticle is selectively released in the infected microenvironment, where reduced molybdenum-based polyoxometalates (Mo-POM) efficiently neutralize toxic ROS <em>in vivo</em>, while C-178 selectively inhibits the cGAS-STING pathway, thereby attenuating the inflammatory response and preventing organ deterioration. <em>In vitro</em> and <em>in vivo</em> studies demonstrate that DMSNM@C-178/PAA treats sepsis by eliminating excess ROS and modulating autoimmune dysfunction <em>via</em> the cGAS-STING pathway, providing a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis management.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" 9","pages":" 2410-2421"},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}