Biomaterials Science最新文献

{"title":"Engineered extracellular vesicles as next-generation platforms for mRNA therapeutics delivery.","authors":"Yixi Xiao, Xin Tong, Zixi Wang, Yujie Zhang, Shuiyuan Liu, Muzi Tian, Yilin Chen, Lu Gan, Xiangliang Yang, Tuying Yong","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00986g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm00986g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>mRNA has emerged as a star molecule in pharmaceutical development, demonstrating immense potential for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer, neurological disorders, genetic diseases, and infectious diseases. It has played a particularly pivotal role in COVID-19 prevention. However, the clinical translation of mRNA therapeutics is significantly hampered by its inherent instability, low cellular permeability, and poor targeting specificity. Consequently, the development of efficient mRNA delivery systems represents a paramount challenge for its biomedical application. Conventional delivery platforms, as exemplified by lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), offer advantages including mature manufacturing processes and broad clinical adoption. Nevertheless, they still face limitations such as suboptimal delivery efficiency and biosafety concerns requiring further improvement. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, have emerged as highly promising mRNA delivery vectors. This is attributed to their low immunogenicity, favorable biosafety profile, intrinsic homing effect-based targeting capability, and amenability to engineering modifications. This review comprehensively summarizes recent advances in EV-mediated mRNA delivery, detailing strategies for mRNA loading into EVs, approaches for achieving targeted mRNA delivery using EVs, and the therapeutic applications of EV-encapsulated mRNA. The synthesis of this knowledge aims to provide insights to advance the clinical implementation of mRNA-based therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149284179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environment-responsive charge-inversion polymers enable stable and pH-activatable ternary TiO₂ nanocomplexes.","authors":"Atsushi Harada, Moe Furuta, Kento Shinsako, Yukiya Kitayama","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00875e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm00875e","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymer-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials represent promising platforms for ultrasound-based noninvasive therapy because they combine colloidal stability with environment-responsive activation. This report describes ternary TiO₂ nanocomplexes (NCs) engineered with a rationally designed charge-inversion polymer that can cleave amide bonds at physiological temperature and weakly acidic pH. Introduction of a cyclohexene-based dicarboxylic anhydride in polyallylamine (PAA) endows the resulting polymers with efficient pH-triggered charge inversion within the endosomal pH range, enabling activation under biologically relevant conditions. Coating binary TiO₂-PAA complexes with these polymers produces stable ternary NCs that maintain a negative surface charge at pH 7.4 but shift to a positive surface charge under acidic conditions. The prepared NCs can be internalized by HeLa cells and demonstrate time-dependent endosomal escape, confirming that intracellular charge inversion remains operative in the assembled state. Notably, the polymer coating markedly improves the biocompatibility relative to cationic binary NCs. However, ultrasonic irradiation after endosomal escape induces substantial cytotoxicity, which could be attributed to reactive oxygen species (<i>e.g.</i>, singlet oxygen; ¹O₂) generated by TiO₂ nanoparticles in the cytosol. These findings establish a materials-engineering strategy for achieving both extracellular stability and intracellular activation, both of which are critical parameters for designing next-generation ultrasound-responsive biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149259628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chitosan-hyaluronic acid nanoparticles with time-dependent mucoadhesive and mucus penetrating behaviour to overcome pathological lung mucus.","authors":"Marco Barretta, Francesca Della Sala, Giuseppe Marino, Mario di Gennaro, Gennaro Longobardo, Rubina Paradiso, Giorgia Borriello, Assunta Borzacchiello","doi":"10.1039/d6bm01143h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm01143h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial infections are a major complication in pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), aggravated by multidrug-resistant bacteria and the presence of pathological mucus that limits antibiotics efficacy. To address this challenge, drug-free chitosan/hyaluronic acid (CS/HA) nanoparticles were developed through a one-step ionic gelation method. By modulating the CS/HA ratio and HA molecular weight, stable, spherical nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 75 to 210 nm and positive ζ-potentials between +22 and +34 mV were obtained. FTIR confirmed electrostatic stabilization. The nanoparticles exhibited a unique time-dependent behavior: initial adherence to pathological mucus for local retention, followed by a hydration-driven surface rearrangement enabling mucus barrier penetration. This sequential mucoadhesive-to-mucus-penetrating transition is reported for the first time for a drug-free carbohydrate network. Biological assays demonstrated excellent biocompatibility with healthy and diseased human lung fibroblasts (HLF, HLF COPD and A549), alongside significant antioxidant activity. Moreover, the nanoparticles exerted dose-dependent, intrinsic antimicrobial effects against major respiratory pathogens, including <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>. Overall, by engineering a dynamically adaptive interface, this work crucially resolves the historical trade-off between mucosal retention and diffusion, establishing a promising nanotherapeutic strategy for combating multidrug-resistant pulmonary infections directly at the mucus site.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149259602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The potential role of nanozymes applied in stomatology.","authors":"Jian Li, Haichuan Ma, Tianwei Shang, Tianwei Liu, Ye Liang, Baodong Zhao, Chun Fan","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00520a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm00520a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oral diseases are frequently associated with bacterial biofilm infection, a vicious cycle of \"oxidative stress-inflammation\", and hard/soft tissue defects. Within the dynamically changing oral microenvironment, conventional therapeutic strategies struggle to simultaneously achieve multiple functions including oxidative stress alleviation, anti-inflammation and tissue repair. Nanozymes are functional nanomaterials with multi-enzyme catalytic activities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD). Nanozymes can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) to interrupt the vicious cycle of oxidative stress-inflammation. Meanwhile, nanozymes can also catalyze the generation of ROS to exert antibacterial or anti-tumour effects. Multifunctional composite materials constructed based on nanozymes bring new opportunities for the treatment of oral diseases. This review systematically summarizes the main categories and catalytic mechanisms of commonly used nanozymes in stomatology, including metal-based, metal-organic framework (MOF)-based, nonmetallic, and single-atom nanozymes. It further elaborates their multi-therapeutic effects in periodontal disease, dental caries, pulpitis, peri-implantitis, oral and maxillofacial tumours, bacterial detection and other oral disorders, covering antioxidation, antibacterial activity, bacterial identification, anti-tumour activity, immunomodulation and tissue regeneration. This article also outlines the bottlenecks restricting the clinical translation of nanozymes and prospects the directions for future nanozyme design and optimization, aiming to provide references for basic research and clinical translation of nanozymes in stomatology.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149259638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Programmable <i>in vivo</i> degradation of PEG hydrogel microspheres through tailored crosslinker chemistry.","authors":"Laurent Bédouet, Anne Beilvert, Emeline Servais, Julien Namur, Florentina Pascale, Saïda Homayra Ghegediban, Michel Wassef, Laurence Moine","doi":"10.1039/d6bm01149g","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm01149g","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The controlled degradation of biomaterials is a key requirement for the design of injectable medical devices with defined <i>in vivo</i> lifetimes. In this study, we developed a series of degradable poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres (PEG-MS) crosslinked with hydrolyzable PEG-polyester triblock copolymers containing varying proportions of ε-caprolactone, lactide, and PEG. Five formulations of PEG-MS (∼90 µm diameter) were synthesized by suspension polymerization and evaluated for their degradation behavior both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> following intradermal injection in rabbits, with histological assessment conducted over a 12-month period. The degradation rate of PEG-MS was tuned by modulating the crosslinker composition, ranging from 2 weeks to over 2 years <i>in vitro</i> and from 1 to 6 months <i>in vivo</i>. Increasing the caprolactone content and reducing PEG chain length slowed degradation, establishing relationships between crosslinker structure and degradation behavior. Although the ranking of formulations was preserved, degradation proceeded substantially faster <i>in vivo</i> than <i>in vitro</i>, suggesting that biological processes contribute to microsphere degradation in addition to hydrolysis. Histological analyses showed that PEG-MS elicited a mild foreign body response characterized mainly by macrophages and giant cells, with no evidence of necrosis or fibrotic encapsulation, followed by progressive restoration of normal dermal architecture. Compared to clinically established fillers, PEG-MS exhibited a tissue response more pronounced than crosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels but substantially less persistent than polyester-based collagen stimulators. In addition, PEG-MS could be loaded with buprenorphine and provided sustained drug release for up to 3 weeks <i>in vitro</i>, highlighting the versatility of this platform. Overall, this study identifies degradable crosslinker composition as a key design parameter governing PEG-MS degradation and demonstrates that the persistence of PEG hydrogel microspheres can be modulated over a broad time range while preserving their manufacturing process, sterilization stability and favorable tissue compatibility. These findings establish a framework for the rational design of degradable PEG hydrogel microspheres with tailored degradation profiles for biomedical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149259649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decellularized skin enriched with methacrylated hyaluronic acid enhances cell adhesion and accelerates wound closure.","authors":"Varvara Platania, Evgenia Tsanaktsidou, Olga Kammona, Maria Chatzinikolaidou","doi":"10.1039/d6bm01132b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm01132b","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dermal substitutes that simultaneously provide structural fidelity and bioactive signaling remain limited in clinical wound care. Here, we report a hybrid dermal patch based on decellularized bovine dermis (dDerm) coated with photo-crosslinked methacrylated hyaluronic acid (MeHA-Derm). Successful functionalization was confirmed by FTIR and SEM, demonstrating formation of a uniform hydrogel layer. The MeHA-Derm patches exhibited enhanced swelling capacity and improved mechanical performance, with Young's modulus significantly increasing relative to native bovine skin. HaCaT keratinocytes cultured on MeHA-Derm showed high cytocompatibility, with viability exceeding 90% at days 3 and 5. Metabolic activity was significantly elevated in MeHA-Derm compared to dDerm. Immunofluorescence revealed increased vinculin secretion, indicating stronger focal adhesion. <i>In vitro</i> scratch assay demonstrated a significantly accelerated wound closure of 82 ± 12% on day 5 on MeHA-Derm <i>versus</i> dDerm at 43 ± 25%. Moreover, <i>ex vivo</i> analysis confirmed superior gap closure, reaching 92 ± 4% by day 10 compared to 84 ± 14% on dDerm. Overall, the MeHA coating enhances hydration, mechanical stability, and cell-matrix interactions while preserving native dermal architecture. This strategy provides a scalable and biologically instructive platform for next-generation skin regeneration and advanced wound care applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149259588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical design principles for B cell targeted acetalated dextran microparticles in antigen-specific tolerance for multiple sclerosis.","authors":"Kierstin A Clark, Brian George Barbery, Alexandra M Lopez, Aaron T Hendricksen, Nicole Rose Lukesh, Luis Ontiveros-Padilla, Connor T Murphy, Grace L Williamson, Sophia A Ly, Kevin E Shilling, Ryan N Woodring, Sophie E Mendell, Lauryn G Hardaway, Roland M Tisch, Eric M Bachelder, Kristy M Ainslie","doi":"10.1039/d6bm01160h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm01160h","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease currently being treated with broad immunosuppressive drugs. However, antigen-specific therapies offer a strategy to selectively reestablish self-tolerance within the autoreactive T cell compartment with fewer side effects. Polymeric microparticles are an effective platform for encapsulating disease-relevant antigens to achieve antigen-specific T cell tolerance <i>via</i> uptake by antigen-presenting cells (APCs). For this purpose, the most commonly targeted APCs are dendritic cells (DCs). However, B cells also present antigen and have demonstrated therapeutic efficacy in MS when targeted by depleting anti-CD20 antibodies. Microparticles comprised of the polymer acetalated dextran (Ace-DEX) bind to B cells more efficiently than other biomaterial systems and reside at the surface without internalization due to microparticle size. In this work, we systematically varied Ace-DEX parameters, including the fabrication method, molecular weight, hydrophobicity, and acetal exposure to understand the relationship between these properties and microparticle binding to B cells. These features strongly influenced B cell association, highlighting the sensitivity of immune recognition to polymer chemistry. The Ace-DEX MPs (AMPs) were evaluated in a preclinical MS model (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE)) using an adoptive transfer of <i>ex vivo</i> B cells surface decorated with MOG_35-55 loaded AMPs and achieved a significant decrease in the clinical score. This work demonstrates the role of polymer properties in B cell binding and outcomes as an antigen-specific therapeutic vaccine.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13691587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149259564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive ELP-coated scaffolds enhance cell-material interactions and support osteogenic differentiation.","authors":"Eun Ju Choi, Chang Suk Oh, ChoYeon Park, JeongAh Lee, Yujin Ahn, Won Bae Jeon, Sun-Young Kim","doi":"10.1039/d6bm00281a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm00281a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Poly(lactic-<i>co</i>-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffolds are widely utilized in tissue engineering for their biodegradability and mechanical robustness; however, their inherent hydrophobicity and bioinert nature often result in poor initial cell attachment, a critical bottleneck for stable tissue integration. In this study, we developed a modular dual-layer surface functionalization strategy that combines a poly-L-lysine (PLL) electrostatic priming layer with a recombinant elastin-like polypeptide featuring RGD and YIGSR motifs (RY-ELP). The sequential PLL/RY-ELP coating significantly enhanced surface wettability without compromising the scaffold's interconnected porous architecture. This bioactive interface supported robust early adhesion and survival of both HEK293 cells (as a model for weak adherence) and human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). Mechanistically, this enhanced interaction was accompanied by the rapid activation of focal adhesion-related signaling pathways, including FAK, paxillin, and ERK, alongside the upregulated expression of integrin β1 and vinculin. Beyond initial survival, the PLL/RY-ELP coating effectively promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hDPSCs, as evidenced by increased osteogenic marker expression (<i>RUNX2</i>, <i>COL1A1</i>, <i>ALPL</i>, <i>SP7</i>, and <i>BGLAP</i>) and superior matrix mineralization. These findings demonstrate that combining electrostatic priming with sequence-defined bioactive motifs offers a versatile and effective approach to overcome the biological limitations of PLGA scaffolds for regenerative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149219675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sprayable metal-phenolic network tailored antioxidant powder remodels endometrial oxidative-inflammatory homeostasis for chronic endometritis therapy and fertility restoration.","authors":"Wangyan He, Jingkai Xie, Xiangyou Zheng, Ying Xu, Zi Ye, Daoyang Zhu, Liaobing Xin, Songying Zhang, Lie Ma","doi":"10.1039/d6bm01364c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm01364c","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic endometritis (CE) is a persistent inflammatory disorder of the endometrium characterized by aberrant plasma cell infiltration and strongly associated with female infertility. CE pathogenesis is driven by persistent microbial stimulation, excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and local immune dysregulation, whereas antibiotics and hysteroscopic surgery do not sufficiently resolve the sustained oxidative-inflammatory microenvironment. A sprayable antioxidant powder, RuO₂@GelMA@TA-Fe³⁺ (RGTF), is developed for localized remodeling of endometrial oxidative-inflammatory homeostasis. A tannic acid-Fe³⁺ metal-phenolic network (MPN) serves as a functional interfacial layer, providing wet-tissue adhesion, prolonged local retention, and complementary free-radical scavenging, while embedded RuO₂ nanozymes enable efficient ROS elimination. Optimized RGTF exhibits favorable sprayability, hydration-triggered tissue adhesion, and robust scavenging activity against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and multiple representative free radicals. <i>In vitro</i>, RGTF reduces intracellular ROS in H₂O₂-stimulated human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) and promotes macrophage transition from a pro-inflammatory to a reparative phenotype. In a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced rat CE model, local RGTF treatment alleviates oxidative damage and inflammation, promotes endometrial structural restoration, and rescues fertility-related dysfunction. This MPN-enabled platform provides a promising local strategy for CE intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149190261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: Mechanical stress-driven conformational compaction of polydeoxyribonucleotide for enhanced transdermal regenerative therapy.","authors":"Saetbyeol Jeon, Jung Im Lee, Sung Bo Shim, Chul Hwan Kim, Taek Jin Oh, Marta Gonçalves, Jin Woong Kim","doi":"10.1039/d6bm90080a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm90080a","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Correction for 'Mechanical stress-driven conformational compaction of polydeoxyribonucleotide for enhanced transdermal regenerative therapy' by Saetbyeol Jeon <i>et al.</i>, <i>Biomater. Sci.</i>, 2026, <b>14</b>, 3995-4005, https://doi.org/10.1039/d6bm00713a.</p>","PeriodicalId":65,"journal":{"name":"Biomaterials Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2026-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149177928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}