Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence the speciation and subcellular abundance of uranium in plant roots†","authors":"James M. Dinsley, Kirstie Halsey, Eudri Venter, Miguel A. Gomez-Gonzalez, Katie L. Moore, Lorraine P. Field, Samuel Shaw, Clare H. Robinson and Jon K. Pittman","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00108K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00108K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Uranium (U) is a natural radioactive metal and a persistent environmental pollutant. Characterising the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on U bioaccumulation and partitioning in plants is crucial to understand U soil-to-plant transfer mechanisms. High resolution elemental mapping, spectroscopy and microscopy techniques were conducted on uranyl nitrate dosed <em>Plantago lanceolata</em> roots colonised with <em>Rhizophagus irregularis</em>. U-rich particles accumulated within the root cells, with higher abundance in epidermal and outer cortex cells of mycorrhizal root samples than in non-mycorrhizal roots. Electron microscopy determined two different crystalline U phases, an acicular crystal and a novel rounded aggregate formation, the latter of which was only found within the mycorrhizal root cells. Multiple imaging and spectroscopic techniques enabled the dominant elements with these U biominerals to be determined. Co-localisation between U, phosphorus and oxygen indicated the dominance of U-phosphate biominerals, but metals including calcium and zinc were also found to co-localise. The most dominant U compound was uranyl orthophosphate, likely accompanied by autunite. This study demonstrates alteration in U localisation and U particle morphology within <em>Plantago</em> roots as a direct consequence of AMF colonisation. This knowledge will allow more accurate U food-chain transfer modelling and better assessment of AMF-assisted phytoremediation feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 2394-2409"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00108k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated global warming potentials of inhaled halogenated anesthetics, isoflurane and sevoflurane from new temperature dependent OH-kinetics†","authors":"Sara Espinosa, Francisco Martínez, María Antiñolo, Ole J. Nielsen and Elena Jiménez","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00061K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00061K","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;Despite the use of scavenging systems in anesthesia machines, inhaled halogenated anesthetic gases (HAGs), such as isoflurane (CF&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;CHClOCHF&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) and sevoflurane ((CF&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;)&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;CHOCH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;F), are still emitted directly into the atmosphere. In 2014, their atmospheric concentrations were 0.097 ppt (isoflurane) and 0.13 pptv (sevoflurane). As halogenated species, their impact on global warming has to be known. Notably, the global warming potential at a time horizon of 100 years (GWP&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;100 years&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) for sevoflurane differs between IPCC and WMO sources, creating regulatory uncertainty. For that reason, in this work GWP&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;100 years&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; for isoflurane and sevoflurane was reevaluated from the atmospheric chemical lifetimes, &lt;em&gt;τ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;OH&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;HAG&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, derived from the kinetic study of the gas-phase reactions of hydroxyl (OH) radicals with the HAGs and the radiative efficiencies (REs) derived from the (IR) absorption cross sections in the atmospheric window (1500–500 cm&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;). The temperature dependence of the OH-rate coefficients (&lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;(&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;) for isoflurane and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;(&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;) for sevoflurane) between 263 and 353 K was determined at 100 Torr by using the pulsed laser photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence technique. The obtained Arrhenius expressions are &lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;(&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;) = (1.1 ± 0.5) × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−13&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; exp{−(1234 ± 144)/&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;} and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;(&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;) = (1.6 ± 0.7) × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−12&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; exp{−(1065 ± 138)/&lt;em&gt;T&lt;/em&gt;} cm&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; molecule&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; s&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. At 272 K, a &lt;em&gt;τ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;OH&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;HAG&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; of 3.0 years for isoflurane and 1.2 years for sevoflurane were estimated relative to CH&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;CCl&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; from &lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and &lt;em&gt;k&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. Moreover, the ultraviolet (UV) absorption cross sections were determined between 190 and 400 nm at 298 K, and the absorption was found to be negligible above 290 nm, indicating minimal photolysis by sunlight. In contrast, the IR absorption in the atmospheric window is significant and the IR absorption cross sections (4000–500 cm&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) were determined by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The lifetime-corrected radiative efficiencies (REs) were 0.44 and 0.30 W m&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−2&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; ppbv&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; for isoflurane and sevoflurane, respectively. From lifetime-corrected REs and &lt;em&gt;τ&lt;/em&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;OH&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;HAG&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, GWP&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;100 years&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; was estimated to be 508 for isof","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 2410-2421"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00061k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144482606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved sampling efficiency of volatile halomethoxybenzenes and persistent organic pollutants reveals increasing concentrations in Canadian air†","authors":"Yu-Mei Hsu, Fiona Wong, Hayley Hung, Chubashini Shunthirasingham, Wenlong Li, Nick Alexandrou, Helena Dryfhout-Clark, Cecilia Shin, Richard Park, Jared Chisamore, Artur Pajda, Ronald Noronha, Enzo Barresi, Phil Fellin and Henrik Li","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00132C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00132C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Two long-term air monitoring programs for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have been established in the Great Lakes Basin (GLB), Ontario, and Alert, Nunavut, Canada since the 1980s for evaluating regional and long-range transport (LRT) dynamics. With growing attention towards Chemicals of Emerging Arctic Concern (CEACs), including volatile halomethoxybenzenes (HMBs) and POPs, these programs have been expanded to monitor CEACs, which can experience significant sampling breakthrough due to their high volatility. To improve collection efficiency, a high-volume air sampler utilizing a polyurethane foam-XAD2 resin sandwich was implemented for concentration characterization at the Alert and GLB sites. At Alert, the air concentrations of hexachlorobutadiene (HCBD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), pentachlorobenzene (PeCB), 2,4-dibromoanisole (DBA), 2,4,6-tribromoanisole (TBA), and drosophilin A methyl ether (DAME) have increased from 2009 to 2020, with the rising levels of HCBD, HCB, and PeCB potentially linked to unintentional byproducts from industrial processes. Atmospheric concentrations of HMBs and POPs at Alert are primarily governed by LRT, whereas local surface–air exchange exerts a secondary influence on DBA and TBA. In contrast, at GLB sites, local surface–air exchange is the predominant driver of HMB and POP concentrations, regardless of emission origins, with the exception of TBA at Evansville, where additional influencing factors may be involved (<em>i.e.</em> LRT).</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 2147-2158"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00132c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastic leachates in farmland: impact of acid rain on DOM characteristics and metal release†","authors":"Yinghui Xu, Yifan Mao, Xuzhi Li, Mei Li, Ting Guo, Haibo Zhang and Yimin Cai","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00233H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00233H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microplastics (MPs) in farmland soil may leach dissolved organic matter (DOM) and metal-based additives during rainfall and irrigation processes, potentially impacting agroecosystems. This study investigated the leaching characteristics of MPs commonly found in agricultural soils and irrigation water under varying acid rain conditions. The MP leachates were analyzed for their physicochemical properties, three-dimensional fluorescence characteristics, and heavy metal release. The results revealed that most MP leachates exhibited neutral to alkaline pH, likely due to the dissolution of inorganic fillers such as CaCO<small>₃</small>. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) leaching varied by polymer types, with biodegradable MPs and PET-based MPs exhibiting significantly higher DOC concentrations than other MPs. Heavy metal analysis identified antimony (Sb) and zinc (Zn) as the dominant leached metals, particularly in Gr-carpet, C-curtain, and G-cover. Evidence shows that Sb concentrations in these MP leachates exceed China's drinking water safety thresholds by 5.76–26.7 times. Additionally, DOC release was pH-dependent, with neutral conditions enhancing organic matter release, whereas acidic conditions may promoted metal leaching. Correlation analysis suggested that Sb and arsenic (As) interacted with MP-derived organic additives and amide/phenol-like substances, indicating potential metal–organic complexation. This study systematically investigates the leaching characteristics of MPs under simulated acid rain conditions, which helps better assess the environmental impact and potential risks of MPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 2432-2441"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distribution and potential ecological risks of heavy metals in water, sediments, and fish in the main rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao, China†","authors":"Guoao Xie, Wenxia Wang, Yekai Sun, Chen Chen, Lijuan Cai, Yanqing Guo, Shah Saud, Haitao Chen, Xiuling Li and Changwei Hu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00818A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00818A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Aquatic environments have long been threatened by heavy metal pollution, which poses potential risks to human health. Rizhao City, in a typical coastal area, has witnessed increasingly severe heavy metal contamination in its aquatic systems. To comprehensively assess the status of heavy metal pollution in the aquatic environment and formulate effective mitigation strategies, this study focused on the water, sediments and <em>Pseudorasbora parva</em> from the major rivers and reservoirs in Rizhao City. The distribution characteristics and potential sources of Cr, Ni, Cu, As and Pb were systematically analysed. Ecological risks were evaluated using indices such as the water quality index (WQI), geoaccumulation index (<em>I</em><small>_geo</small>), bioconcentration factor (BCF), estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). The results revealed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in water followed the order Cr &gt; Ni &gt; Cu &gt; As &gt; Pb, with variations across different rivers and reservoirs. In sediments, Cr and Ni exhibited higher concentrations in the Chaobai River (CR), reaching 45.21 and 34.87 mg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. Cr and Ni showed higher enrichment in the gills and viscera of <em>P. parva</em> compared to muscle tissues, while the distribution patterns of Cu, As and Pb were more complex. WQI assessments indicated that all sampling sites had WQI values &lt;0, suggesting negligible heavy metal pollution levels in water. However, the <em>I</em><small>_geo</small> values for Ni and Cu in CR sediments were −0.52 and −0.21, respectively, approaching the threshold and warranting attention to potential contamination risks. BCF results demonstrated stronger enrichment capabilities in gills and viscera. Health risk assessments revealed that EDI was correlated with heavy metal concentrations in fish tissues, with THQ &gt; 1 and ILCR &gt; 1.0 × 10<small>⁻⁴</small> for gills, indicating potential health threats to frequent consumers from long-term ingestion.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 2128-2146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Following the smell: terpene emission profiles through the cannabis life-cycle†","authors":"Davi de Ferreyro Monticelli, Cynthia Pham, Sahil Bhandari, Amanda Giang, Nadine Borduas-Dedekind and Naomi Zimmerman","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00253B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00253B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cannabis cultivation and processing are emerging sources of air pollutants, particularly malodorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), yet uncertainties remain regarding their emission rates and chemical composition. Emission rates are typically the starting point for an air quality assessment; not addressing their uncertainty and chemical profile may lead to under/over estimation of impacts. This study aims to quantify terpene emissions from indoor cannabis operations in the Lower Fraser Valley, BC, Canada a region already affected by odorous sources and peak ozone concentrations in the summer due to imbalance of VOC and nitrogen oxides (NO<small>_<em>x</em></small>) emissions. We assessed terpene concentration variability across activities, and evaluated their potential odor impacts during peak summertime. For this, we developed an automated gas chromatography sampling and processing protocol to measure concentrations of 22 key cannabis terpenes in (1) eight rooms of an indoor cultivation facility and (2) six rooms of a processing and extraction facility. Emission rates varied widely, ranging from 1.05 × 10<small>⁻³</small> to 3.09 × 10<small>⁻¹</small> kg h<small>⁻¹</small>, with the highest emissions occurring during trimming (<em>i.e.</em>, buds' extraction). We observed substantial temporal variability; individual terpene concentrations fluctuated by up to 1500% depending on activity type and lighting conditions. Pearson correlation analysis revealed non-linear relationships between individual terpenes and total emissions, suggesting shifts in chemical composition during peak emissions. To assess odor implications, we conducted screening dispersion modeling for β-myrcene, a terpene considered a tracer of cannabis emissions. Of the 7560 dispersion scenarios evaluated, 88 exceeded the odor threshold under average emissions, increasing to 241 scenarios during peak trimming emissions. Because emission rates and chemical compositions vary significantly depending on activity type and conditions, and dispersion modeling results showed that average conditions are sufficient to cause odor episodes, it is important to characterize both the temporal and chemical profiles of terpene emissions in cannabis facilities to avoid mis-estimating their air pollution and odor impact. Given the growing industry and the potential for odor complaints and secondary air pollution impacts (<em>e.g.</em>, ozone formation), it is crucial to understand these emissions in detail. Policymakers, scientists, and industry stakeholders can use our findings to develop better mitigation strategies and inform environmental regulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 1823-1838"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00253b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction to the indoor environment themed issue","authors":"Rachel E. O’Brien and Ellison M. Carter","doi":"10.1039/D5EM90014J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM90014J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A graphical abstract is available for this content</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 6","pages":" 1493-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microplastics in surficial sediments from some UK rivers and canals: seasonal and spatial variation and relationship with concentrations of organophosphate esters†","authors":"Simeon Onoja, Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah and Stuart Harrad","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00139K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00139K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The relationship between microplastics (MPs) and organic pollutants such as organophosphate esters (OPEs), which are widely used as plastic additives is poorly understood. Given the potential toxic implications for such chemical additives, this is a substantial research gap. To address this, we collected 12 sets of freshwater sediment samples from 3 rivers and an urban canal in the West Midlands of the UK between November 2019 and April 2021. Riverine sediment samples were collected both upstream and downstream of waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) discharge points. The mean number of MPs per kg (dw) for all four UK study locations ranged from 67–267 (Birmingham and Worcester Canal), 133–283 (River Tame), 66.67–317 (River Severn), and 67–233 (River Sowe) per month. The highest mean number of MPs per kg was recorded in the River Tame. Overall, 57% of the mean number of MPs identified across all three locations over the 12 months period were detected downstream of the WWTPs while 43% were upstream; however this difference was not significant. Using previously reported concentrations of OPEs in the same samples by our research group, we observed a significant negative correlation (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) between mean MPs number and OPE concentrations in sediment at the River Tame over a 12 months sampling period. Additionally, a significant negative correlation was observed between concentrations of Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP)-the most abundant OPE and mean particle number (<em>r</em> = −0.309, <em>p</em> = 0.004). A similar negative correlation was observed between Tri-<em>n</em>-butyl phosphate (TnBP) concentrations and mean MPs per kg at the River Severn. These results suggest that the sources of MPs and OPEs in these waterways may differ and imply that MPs could potentially adsorb OPEs from the sediment in the samples studied.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 2159-2172"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00139k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An environmentally relevant concentration of 6-PPD quinone inhibits two types of mitophagy to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and lifespan reduction in Caenorhabditis elegans†","authors":"Xin Hua and Dayong Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00224A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00224A","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>N</em>-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-phenyl-<em>p</em>-phenylenediamine quinone (6-PPDQ) is widely distributed in the environment and bioavailable to organisms. Exposure to 6-PPDQ can impair the mitochondrial function. However, the underlying mechanisms for 6-PPDQ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction remain largely unclear. Mitophagy is important for organisms to maintain normal mitochondrial function. In the current study, <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> was employed as model to determine the role of mitophagy suppression in 6-PPDQ-induced toxicity. After exposure to 6-PPDQ, it was found that, although mitophagy was increased by 0.1–1 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> 6-PPDQ, 10 μg L<small>⁻¹</small> 6-PPDQ downregulated the expression of genes involved in PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy (<em>pink</em>-1, <em>pdr</em>-1, and <em>sqst</em>-1) and receptor-mediated mitophagy (<em>fndc</em>-1 and <em>dct</em>-1). RNAi of these mitophagy-related genes enhanced the 6-PPDQ toxicity on mitochondrial function and lifespan. Moreover, after 6-PPDQ (10 μg L<small>⁻¹</small>) exposure, 6-PPDQ could be accumulated in the nucleus and affected the expressions of some transcription factor (TF) genes (<em>daf</em>-5, <em>elt</em>-2, <em>atf</em>-7, <em>daf</em>-16, <em>bar</em>-1, and <em>skn</em>-1) thereby inducing the inhibition of these two types of mitophagy. Inhibition in both mitophagy and the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mt UPR) caused more severe 6-PPDQ toxicity on the mitochondrial function and lifespan. Our results demonstrate the crucial role of mitophagy suppression in mediating the toxicity of 6-PPDQ, which is useful for predicting the environmental exposure risk of 6-PPDQ on organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 1928-1940"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging investigator series: identification and transformation of per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in residential wastewater and effluent from alternative treatment systems†","authors":"Rachel Smolinski, Meghan Oates, Arjun K. Venkatesan, Christopher J. Gobler and Carrie A. McDonough","doi":"10.1039/D5EM00134J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5EM00134J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Onsite wastewater treatment systems (OWTSs) are designed for the removal of pathogens and nutrients from septic effluent. However, many other contaminants are widespread in wastewater including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other trace organic chemicals. We analyzed per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in residential septic effluent and investigated their fate in nitrogen-removing biofilters (NRBs), an innovative and alternative type of OWTS. We measured concentrations of 22 targeted PFASs in septic effluent pre- and post-NRB treatment in nine residential OWTSs. We measured total PFAS in septic effluent ranging from 42 to 9795 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> and in NRB effluent ranging from 72 to 2575 ng L<small>⁻¹</small>, corresponding to estimated effluent loads of 39 to 1423 mg PFASs per household per year. Perfluoroalkyl carboxylates (PFCAs) were generally enriched in NRB effluent <em>versus</em> influent while perfluoroalkyl sulfonates appeared to be partially removed during NRB treatment. Grab sampling results were highly variable but passive sampling (microporous polyethylene tubing containing WAX sorbent) consistently showed greater PFAS levels post-NRB treatment. High-resolution mass spectrometry screening of composited grab samples using two different workflows (suspect screening and untargeted analysis with ion mobility spectrometry) resulted in tentative identifications of 40 additional PFASs not included on the target list. The average mass defect of features identified as potential PFASs was significantly lower (<em>p</em> = 0.014) in post-NRB samples. This, along with increasing concentrations of PFCAs in effluent, suggested transformation of precursors to end products with greater fluorinated character in the NRB.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 1810-1822"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d5em00134j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}