Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Simulated gastrointestinal risk from recreational exposure to Southern California stormwater and relationship to human-associated Bacteroidales marker HF183†","authors":"Sarah A. Lowry, Joshua A. Steele, John F. Griffith, Kenneth C. Schiff and Alexandria B. Boehm","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00577E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00577E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Stormwater may contain pathogens that pose a health risk to recreators. In this study, we use quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) to simulate the human health risk associated with recreational exposure to stormwater using a regional dataset of pathogen concentrations measured over two wet seasons during wet weather events in Southern California, USA, a location where stormwater and sewage systems are separate. We model risk using a Monte Carlo simulation using <em>Salmonella</em>, <em>Campylobacter</em>, adenovirus, and norovirus concentrations in stormwater, the volume of water ingested during a recreational swimming event, and pathogen-specific dose–response functions. We estimated the median probability of illness from recreational exposure to stormwater to be approximately 190 illnesses per 1000 swimmers (19%). However, stormwater sampling sites are not always designated for recreational use, so we simulated exposures to diluted stormwater, which may be encountered in downstream receiving waters designated for swimming. We determined that if stormwater is diluted 18% into receiving, pathogen-free, ambient waters, the median health risk meets the US EPA's threshold of 32 illnesses per 1000 swimmers. At this dilution, the concentration of HF183, a human-associated fecal marker, is expected to be 100 copies per 100 milliliters. This study provides a risk-based threshold for HF183 concentrations in stormwater-impacted ambient waters from pathogen and indicator concentrations measured in stormwater. Implementing this risk-based threshold will require many policy considerations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 718-728"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143439320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances by dry farmed oats following the agricultural application of biosolids and compost†","authors":"Gabrielle P. Black, Luann Wong and Thomas M. Young","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00502C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00502C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A significant portion of municipal biosolids is land applied, often to support crop production. Although per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are widely detected in biosolids, their fate in agricultural systems is not yet fully understood, especially at the field-scale. This study evaluated the uptake of 33 PFAS compounds with chain lengths of C3–C18 over one growing season in dry farmed oats grown in soils on two fields with a long history of receiving biosolids amendments. No PFAS compounds were detected in the crops grown in the two biosolids-amended fields, nor in oats grown on three subplots of a nearby USDA Certified Organic field receiving no amendment, compost, and a combination of compost and lime. Nine PFAS compounds were detected in biosolids samples at two sites with ∑<small>_PFAS</small> equal to 95.4 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 8.9 μg kg<small>⁻¹</small>, dominated mainly by perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA). Soil residuals before application and at the time of harvest were mainly defined by concentrations of PFOS, followed by other perfluoroalkyl acids and were not significantly different before and after the years' growing season. No residues were detected in dry-farmed oats grown on biosolids- or compost-amended fields in this study, suggesting that the likelihood of the PFAS compounds studied here accumulating in similar crops grown under similar conditions is minimal.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 661-669"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143187787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ remediation of eutrophic Wolong Lake sediments using novel PVA-SA-biochar and PVA-SA-zeolite embedded immobilized indigenous microorganisms: a pilot study","authors":"Dongxu Zhou, Salma Tabassum, Jun Li and Hüseyin Altundag","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00580E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00580E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Sediment restoration has become a key link in river and lake pollution control. This present study investigated the selection of dominant microbial bacteria, the selection and optimization of microbial immobilized carrier materials, and the effect of embedded immobilized microbial <em>in situ</em> remediation of bottom sediments based on the actual restoration pilot project of eutrophic Wolong Lake. The composite of denitrifying and photosynthetic bacteria at a ratio of 1 : 2 showed the best performance with COD, TN, and TP removal efficiencies of 74.86%, 65.2%, and 67.5%, respectively. Denitrifying bacteria to photosynthetic bacteria optimal composite bacterial solutions with polyvinyl alcohol-sodium alginate (PVA-SA), PVA-SA-zeolite and PVA-SA-biochar carriers were selected, and the effects of different carriers were analyzed and compared in terms of multiple characteristics. PVA-SA-biochar carriers showed the best ammonia-nitrogen transfer performance, mass transfer coefficient (0.681 × 10<small>⁻⁹</small> m<small>²</small> s<small>⁻¹</small>), specific surface area (76.3 m<small>²</small> MB g<small>⁻¹</small>) and performed best in mechanical strength and chemical stability. The effects of biochar, PVA and SA contents on COD removal (<em>Y</em>) were analyzed using the 3D-response surface methodology. Biodegradation capacity (<em>G</em>-value) increased from 0.68 × 10<small>⁻³</small> kg (kg h)<small>⁻¹</small> at the beginning of the test to 2.32 × 10<small>⁻³</small> kg (kg h)<small>⁻¹</small> after 80 days of the remediation test with a growth rate of 258.82%. The water quality index has significantly improved, indicating a good restoration effect. Alpha diversity analysis showed that the Shannon and Simpson indexes increased and decreased. The relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Planctomycetota and Chloroflexi, closely related to the denitrification, decarbonization and phosphorus removal, increased while Chloroflexi decreased compared with before restoration. Embedded immobilized microbial technology significantly enhances the quality of sediment mud and the overlying water. In the long term, this approach does not release toxic substances into water bodies, thus fostering biodiversity and promoting ecological restoration. It represents a novel restoration strategy that contributes positively to environmental sustainability.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 597-622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143466395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interactive toxicity effects of metronidazole, diclofenac, ibuprofen, and differently functionalized nanoplastics on marine algae Chlorella sp.†","authors":"Camil Rex M, Bikram Poddar, Sanmitra Mandal, Soupam Das and Amitava Mukherjee","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00780H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00780H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Pharmaceutical products (PPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) are prominent emerging contaminants that pose serious threats to marine ecosystems. The present study aimed to investigate both pristine and combined toxicity of PPs (metronidazole, diclofenac, and ibuprofen) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) with amine (NH<small>₂</small>-PSNPs) and carboxyl (COOH-PSNPs) surface functionalization on marine microalgae <em>Chlorella variabilis</em>. Toxicity assessment included the evaluation of growth inhibition, total reactive oxygen species production, malondialdehyde content, antioxidant activity, and photosynthetic activity. Furthermore, changes in the surface functional groups of the algae after exposure to contaminants were examined. The correlation among the toxicity endpoints was assessed using Pearson correlation and cluster heatmap analysis. Zeta potential analysis and hydrodynamic size measurements revealed that the PSNPs became unstable in the presence of PPs. This instability facilitated the aggregation and rapid settlement of PSNPs, consequently impeding their direct interaction with algal cells. Growth inhibition results indicated that <em>Chlorella variabilis</em> exhibited minimal growth inhibition when exposed to pristine PPs (1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>), whereas PSNPs (1 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) caused substantial growth inhibition. Notably, the combined toxicity of PSNPs and PPs was lower compared to pristine PSNPs. The independent action model revealed that the combination of PPs and PSNPs showed an antagonistic mode of interaction. The potential reasons for the decreased toxicity observed in the mixture of PSNPs and PPs compared to pristine PSNPs can be attributed to diminished oxidative stress and enhanced photosynthetic activity. These findings provide valuable insights into the role of PPs in modulating the toxicity of PSNPs towards microalgae.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 4","pages":" 901-916"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143363324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicone wristbands for assessing personal chemical exposures: impacts of movement on chemical uptake rates†","authors":"Joshua D. Miller, Nicholas J. Herkert, Heather M. Stapleton and Heileen Hsu-Kim","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00440J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00440J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Silicone wristbands are utilized as personal passive sampling devices for exposure assessments of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). While research demonstrates that accumulation of SVOCs on the wristbands correlates with internal dose for many different chemical classes, the mechanisms of accumulation remain poorly understood. Multiple factors such as movement of the individual lead to variable mass transfer conditions at the sampler interface. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of air flow velocity across the wristband surface on SVOC uptake rates and to evaluate if enhanced rates vary between compounds with a range physicochemical properties. Experiments were conducted in a residential home where wristbands were either held in static conditions or attached to an end-over-end rotator at different speeds for a four week period. We measured the uptake of 17 different SVOCs that are commonly detected in indoor environments and compared their accumulation rates as a function of the rotating velocity. For wristbands moving at tangential speeds of 0.05, 0.5, and 1.1 m s<small>⁻¹</small> (relevant for a walking pace), the motion enhanced uptake rates by 1.2 ± 0.2, 3.2 ± 0.6, and 4.3 ± 0.8 times the respective rates for the static controls. This enhancement is consistent with gas phase diffusion-controlled mass transfer theory at the wristband interface. Moreover, the enhancement of uptake positively correlated with octanol–air partition coefficients log <em>K</em><small>_OA</small> (<em>R</em> = 0.6; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.02) of the chemicals and negatively correlated with diffusivity (<em>R</em> = 0.5; <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). In a comparison with worn wristband studies, the ratio of uptakes rates for worn relative to rotating wristbands correlated with SVOC properties (<em>R</em> = 0.85 for log <em>K</em><small>_OA</small>). For SVOCs with log <em>K</em><small>_OA</small> &gt; 9, uptake rates on worn wristbands greatly exceeded (by a factor of 10 to 10<small>⁴</small>) the respective rates in this rotator experiment. These results suggest that a mass transfer mechanism based solely on gas–solid partitioning under variations in air velocity cannot fully explain uptake on worn wristbands. Instead, the results implicate additional processes such as particle phase deposition, direct contact with certain materials, and excretion from skin as pathways of accumulation on the wristband sampler and personal exposure.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 670-681"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11800079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143254392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of formation modes of ferrihydrite-low molecular weight organic matter composites on the adsorption of Cd(ii)†","authors":"Xin Nie, Erping Bi and Shiyun Qiu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00710G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00710G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The interactions between iron oxides and organic matter (OM) play vital roles in the geochemical cycle of cadmium (Cd). However, the effects of the formation modes of ferrihydrite (Fh)-low molecular weight OM (<em>e.g.</em>, fulvic acid (FA)) composites on Cd(<small>II</small>) adsorption remain poorly understood. The immobilization mechanisms of Cd(<small>II</small>) on Fe-OM composites formed by adsorption and coprecipitation at varying C/Fe molar ratios were investigated by means of adsorption batch experiments, two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy, and surface complexation models (SCMs). The composites formed by adsorption or coprecipitation exhibited a crystal structure similar to that of Fh. Ligand exchange and hydrogen bonding were identified as the primary mechanisms between components in adsorption composites and coprecipitates, respectively. Compared to coprecipitates, the adsorption composites showed a higher adsorption capacity and formed ternary complexes (Fh-FA-Cd). In coprecipitates, Cd(<small>II</small>) primarily interacted with the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups of FA and the hydroxyl groups of Fh. With increasing C/Fe molar ratios, the FA functional group (R-COOH) in adsorption composites responded more quickly to Cd(<small>II</small>). However, the order of functional group reactions in coprecipitates was unaffected by C/Fe molar ratios, which is due to the irregular distribution of C and Fe elements. SCM calculation results indicated that Cd(<small>II</small>) distribution on Fh in adsorption composites was higher than that in coprecipitates. The molar ratios of C/Fe and Cd(<small>II</small>) concentrations influenced the distribution of Cd(<small>II</small>) on the composites, with the highest proportion of Cd(<small>II</small>) on Fh reaching about 70%. These findings contribute to understanding Cd behavior in environments with periodically fluctuating redox conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 3","pages":" 682-693"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143381126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating low NOx hydrogen engines designed for off-road and construction applications†","authors":"Lucy J. Webster, Ryan Ballard, Tom Beamish, Tim Burnhope, Jack Humbert, Alastair C. Lewis, Jakub Piaszyk and Sarah J. Moller","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00448E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00448E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hydrogen internal combustion engines offer a near-term decarbonisation pathway for hard to electrify sectors such as non-road mobile machinery (NRMM). However, few hydrogen-specific engines have ever been developed with the twin-goals of maximising low carbon energy efficiency and delivering air quality co-benefits. We present analyses of dynamometer-derived nitrogen oxides (NO<small>_<em>x</em></small>) tailpipe emissions from four variants of a ∼55 kW four-cylinder port fuelled injection spark ignition hydrogen internal combustion engine (H2ICE) suitable for a range of uses within the NRMM industry. Engine out (pre-aftertreatment) emissions are also reported for one of the H2ICE variants. The emissions were compared over the Non-Road Transient Cycle (NRTC) with an equivalent contemporary Stage V emissions compliant 55 kW diesel engine. All four H2ICE variants were configured to operate under lean burn conditions generating substantially lower NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> exhaust emissions over the NRTC when compared to the diesel engine. Lowest NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emissions were observed for a spark ignition H2ICE with selective catalytic reduction and particulate filter (SCRF) aftertreatment. Tailpipe NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emissions over the full NRTC for this configuration were 1.90 mg kWh<small>⁻¹</small>, a greater than 99% reduction compared to diesel (3340 mg kWh<small>⁻¹</small>) with lower average NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emissions observed for the H2ICEs over all power, torque, and speed settings. The frequency and magnitude of transient (&lt;20 ms) increases in NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> were also compared between diesel and H2ICE. A H2ICE using a hydrogen slip catalyst, but without SCRF aftertreatment, also emitted significantly lower tailpipe NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> than the diesel equivalent (63.7 mg kWh<small>⁻¹</small>), a factor of greater than 50 times improvement over the NRTC. This creates a systems level dilemma: whether the additional small absolute reductions in NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> achieved using SCRF would have a net benefit that outweighed the broader financial and environmental costs of the SCR and exhaust fluid manufacture, distribution and possible small in-service ammonia slip from exhaust. Irrespective of aftertreatment system, the adoption of low NO<small>_<em>x</em></small> emitting H2ICE in NRMM, and particularly construction equipment, would appear to offer much greater near-term air quality benefits for cities when compared to switching to other low carbon alternatives such as biodiesel or hydrotreated vegetable oil.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 2","pages":" 486-497"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00448e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143062168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity alleviated associations of oxidation capacity of the atmosphere with platelet-based inflammatory indicators: findings from the Henan Rural Cohort Study†","authors":"Xiaohuan Yang, Gongbo Chen, Wei Liao, Ziyuan Zhang, Xiaotian Liu, Ruiying Li, Xiaoyu Hou, Yinghao Yuchi, Zhenxing Mao, Wenqian Huo, Yuming Guo, Shanshan Li, Chongjian Wang and Jian Hou","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00611A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00611A","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt; &lt;em&gt;Background&lt;/em&gt;: several adverse effects of ozone (O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) and nitrogen dioxide (NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) are assessed using combined oxidant capacity (O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) and redox-weighted oxidant capacity (O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;wt&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) as surrogates. However, the associations of oxidant capacity (O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;wt&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) with platelet-based inflammatory indicators and the potential modifying role of physical activity (PA) remain unclear. &lt;em&gt;Methods&lt;/em&gt;: 31 318 participants were selected from the baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort Study. The O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;wt&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; were calculated based on O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; and NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to evaluate PA. Platelet-based inflammatory indicators were obtained from the data of physical examination. Generalized linear models were applied to explore associations between atmospheric oxidation capacity indicators (O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;wt&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and NO&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) and platelet-based inflammatory indicators and whether PA modified these associations. &lt;em&gt;Results&lt;/em&gt;: O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;wt&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; were positively associated with platelet-based inflammatory indicators (PCT, PLT, PLR, SII, MLR and SIRI). The estimated &lt;em&gt;β&lt;/em&gt; values and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PLT in response to a 5 μg m&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; increment in O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and O&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;wt&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; were 19.267 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (95% CI: 17.493, 21.041 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), 6.226 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (95% CI: 5.502, 6.950 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), and 14.664 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (95% CI: 13.101, 16.227 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), respectively. The corresponding values for SIRI were 0.134 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (95% CI: 0.111, 0.156 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), 0.064 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (95% CI: 0.055, 0.073 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;), and 0.135 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (95% CI: 0.115, 0.155 × 10&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;9&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; L&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 2","pages":" 463-472"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the binding process between gallic acid and trivalent chromium in tannery wastewater: a spectroscopic perspective†","authors":"Situ Mu, Qi Yang, Chenxu Yan, Tong Xu, Jing Zhang, Junjun Ma and Chun Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00621F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00621F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Trivalent chromium (Cr<small>³⁺</small>) is a heavy metal widely present in tannery wastewater, and organic ligands represented by gallic acid (GA) have significant effects on the environmental behavior of Cr<small>³⁺</small>. This study explored the binding process of Cr<small>³⁺</small> with GA through the integration of ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with two-dimensional correlation analyses (2DCOS). UV-vis results showed that the average molecular weight of the solutions gradually increased with the addition of Cr<small>³⁺</small> ions. The vibration of FTIR characteristic peaks indicated that the hydroxyl and carboxyl functional groups of GA were complexed with Cr<small>³⁺</small> ions. On the basis of the fluorescence quenching of GA after the addition of Cr<small>³⁺</small> ions, the complexation coefficient was calculated as 4 × 10<small>⁴</small>. 2DCOS and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra demonstrated the binding sequence of GA with Cr<small>³⁺</small> as <em>meta</em>-hydroxyl groups → carboxyl groups → <em>para</em>-hydroxyl groups, and heterospectral 2DCOS showed that the intensity change in UV-vis absorption bands occurred before that in IR absorption bands. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to quantify the binding energy of GA with Cr<small>³⁺</small> at different binding sites, and it was shown that the binding energy of the <em>meta</em>-hydroxyl group was the lowest. Overall, this study provides a new approach to the analysis of the molecular structure of complexes and the binding process between organic ligands and metal ions in wastewater.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 2","pages":" 453-462"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142996505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optical properties and photobleaching of wildfire ashes aqueous extracts†","authors":"Frank Leresche, Sarah J. Fischer, Shelby Buckley and Fernando L. Rosario-Ortiz","doi":"10.1039/D4EM00626G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4EM00626G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wildfires can severely degrade soils and watersheds. Post-fire rain events can leach ashes and altered dissolved organic matter (DOM) into streams, impacting water quality and carbon biogeochemistry. The photochemical properties and persistence of DOM from wildfire ash leachates are not well understood. To establish a range of properties, wildfire DOM leachates were generated from (i) surficial [grey and black] wildfire ashes, (ii) mineral soils below ash, and (iii) unimpacted soils from two Colorado wildfire scars. Subsequently, the leachates were studied under simulated sunlight. Photochemical properties of absorbance, fluorescence and <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small> quantum yield (<em>Φ</em><small>_F</small> and <em>Φ</em><small>_{<small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small>}</small>) were determined for thirteen wildfire leachates. <em>Φ</em><small>_{<small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small>}</small> of ash leachates was greatest (7.6 ± 3.4%), followed by underlying mineralized soil leachates (4.6 ± 0.7%), and control soil leachates (Φ<small>_{<small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small>}</small> = 3.9 ± 1%). Correlations between increasing <em>E</em><small>₂</small> : <em>E</em><small>₃</small>, <em>Φ</em><small>_F</small>, <em>Φ</em><small>_{<small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small>}</small> suggest that surface ash leachates with elevated molar absorptivity may play an important role in <small>¹</small>O<small>₂</small> production that is not well documented. Interestingly, photobleaching experiments comparing ash DOM to unimpacted soil DOM revealed ash leachates lost fluorescence, absorbance, while producing CO<small>₂</small> at rates ∼3 fold greater than soils. This suggests that aromatic features of ashes may cause degradation of wildfire DOM faster than unimpacted DOM in the environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 2","pages":" 473-485"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/em/d4em00626g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143044964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}