Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts最新文献

{"title":"Chemical species of cesium and iodine in condensed vaporized microparticles formed by melting nuclear fuel components with concrete materials†","authors":"Toshihiko Ohnuki, Jian Ye, Tomoaki Kato, Jiang Liu, Masahide Takano, Naofumi Kozai and Satoshi Utsunomiya","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00074E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00074E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we report chemical species of Cs and I in condensed vaporized particles (CVPs) produced by melting experiments using nuclear fuel components containing CsI with concrete. Analyses of CVPs by SEM with EDX showed the formation of many round particles containing Cs and I of diameters less than ～20 μm. X-ray absorption near-edge-structure and SEM-EDX analyses showed two kinds of particles: one containing large amounts of Cs and I, suggesting the presence of CsI, and the other containing small amounts of Cs and I with large Si content. When CVSs were placed in contact with deionized water, most of the CsI from both particles was dissolved. In contrast, some fractions of Cs remained from the latter particles and possessed different chemical species from CsI. In addition, the remaining Cs was concomitantly present with Si, resembling chemical components in the highly radioactive cesium-rich microparticles (CsMPs) released by nuclear plant accidents into the surrounding environments. These results strongly suggest that Cs was incorporated in CVSs along with Si by melting nuclear fuel components to form sparingly-soluble CVMPs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 1204-1212"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Taking a look at the surface: μ-XRF mapping and fluorine K-edge μ-XANES spectroscopy of organofluorinated compounds in environmental samples and consumer products†","authors":"Philipp Roesch, Christian Vogel, Philipp Wittwer, Thomas Huthwelker, Camelia N. Borca, Thomas Sommerfeld, Stephanie Kluge, Christian Piechotta, Ute Kalbe and Franz-Georg Simon","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00107E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00107E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >For the first time, μ-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) mapping combined with fluorine K-edge μ-X-ray absorption near-edge structure (μ-XANES) spectroscopy was applied to depict per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) contamination and inorganic fluoride in sample concentrations down to 100 μg kg<small>^?1</small> fluoride. To demonstrate the matrix tolerance of the method, several PFAS contaminated soil and sludge samples as well as selected consumer product samples (textiles, food contact paper and permanent baking sheets) were investigated. μ-XRF mapping allows for a unique element-specific visualization at the sample surface and enables localization of fluorine containing compounds to a depth of 1 μm. Manually selected fluorine rich spots were subsequently analyzed <em>via</em> fluorine K-edge μ-XANES spectroscopy. To support spectral interpretation with respect to inorganic and organic chemical distribution and compound class determination, linear combination (LC) fitting was applied to all recorded μ-XANES spectra. Complementarily, solvent extracts of all samples were target-analyzed <em>via</em> LC-MS/MS spectrometry. The detected PFAS sum values range from 20 to 1136 μg kg<small>^?1</small> dry weight (dw). All environmentally exposed samples revealed a higher concentration of PFAS with a chain length &gt; C<small>₈</small> (<em>e.g.</em> 580 μg kg<small>^?1</small> dw PFOS for Soil1), whereas the consumer product samples showed a more uniform distribution with regard to chain lengths from C<small>₄</small> to C<small>₈</small>. Independent of quantified PFAS amounts <em>via</em> target analysis, μ-XRF mapping combined with μ-XANES spectroscopy was successfully applied to detect both point-specific concentration maxima and evenly distributed surface coatings of fluorinated organic contaminants in the corresponding samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 1213-1223"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d3em00107e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of the distribution of rare earth elements La and Gd in Daphnia magna via micro and nano-SXRF imaging†","authors":"Marion Revel, Kadda Medjoubi, Camille Rivard, Delphine Vantelon, Andrew Hursthouse and Susanne Heise","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00133D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00133D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >While our awareness of the toxicity of rare earth elements to aquatic organisms increases, our understanding of their direct interaction and accumulation remains limited. This study describes the acute toxicity of lanthanum (La) and gadolinium (Gd) in <em>Daphnia magna</em> neonates and discusses potential modes of action on the basis of the respective patterns of biodistribution. Ecotoxicological bioassays for acute toxicity were conducted and dissolved metal concentrations at the end of the tests were determined. The results showed a significant difference in nominal EC<small>₅₀</small> (immobility) between La (&gt;30 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>) and Gd (13.93 (10.92 to 17.38) mg L<small>⁻¹</small>). Daphnids that were then exposed to a concentration close to the determined EC<small>₅₀</small> of Gd (15 mg L<small>⁻¹</small>, nominal concentration) for 48 h and 72 h were studied by synchrotron micro and nano-X-ray fluorescence to evaluate the biodistribution of potentially accumulated metals. X-ray fluorescence analyses showed that La was mainly found in the intestinal track and appeared to accumulate in the hindgut. This accumulation might be explained by the ingestion of solid La precipitates formed in the media. In contrast, Gd could only be detected in a small amount, if at all, in the intestinal tract, but was present at a much higher concentration in the tissues and became more pronounced with longer exposure time. The solubility of Gd is higher in the media used, leading to higher dissolved concentrations and uptake into tissue in ionic form <em>via</em> common metal transporting proteins. By studying La and Gd biodistribution in <em>D. magna</em> after an acute exposure, the present study has demonstrated that different uptake pathways of solid and dissolved metal species may lead to different accumulation patterns and toxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 8","pages":" 1288-1297"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d3em00133d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3984788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehistoric and technogenic loads of Hg in raised and blanket peats from the lower Amur River basin, eastern Asia†","authors":"Fyodor S. Kot, Valentina B. Bazarova, Mikhail A. Klimin, Irina O. Dugina and Tatyana A. Kopoteva","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00008G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00008G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Prehistoric and modern records of Hg in peats from the lower Amur River basin, eastern Asia, were investigated. The Hg accumulation rates (AR) of two <small>¹⁴</small>C-dated cores from Holocene raised and blanket peats were determined. The low and monotonous Hg AR values of the raised peats determined in the lower part of the core (mean 1.9 μg Hg per m<small>²</small> per year) represent prehistoric Hg inputs from the atmosphere. A sharp increase in Hg AR was determined upward of 52 cm depths (～1600 year BP) (max 17.0 Hg μg per m<small>²</small> per year), which apparently reflects the modern increase in global Hg emissions. The Hg loads in the blanket peats were apparently defined by a combined input from the atmosphere and the watershed followed by diagenetic redistribution. One major peak (max 12.0 μg Hg per m<small>²</small> per year) coincided with increased C<small>_org</small> contents in herbaceous and sphagnum peat formed in the warming and wet climate of the early Holocene. Another peak (11.8 μg Hg per m<small>²</small> per year) correlated both with the accumulation of Fe/Mn compounds and the warm and wet climate of the Holocene Climate Optimum. Minima Hg AR values coincided with the weakening of the East Asia Monsoon and cold and dry climate periods. In the uppermost layers, the Hg AR increased again up to 7.3 μg Hg per m<small>²</small> per year, most likely due to anthropogenic pollution.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 7","pages":" 1193-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of mixture toxicity literature and chemical space: a data centric approach†","authors":"Vatsal Mehta, Mahmoud Shobair and Catherine Mahony","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00069A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D3EM00069A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Using the Abstract Sifter tool to analyse PubMed, we reveal published mixture related research most commonly relates to water pollutants, pesticides, environmental pollutants, insecticides, soil pollutants, and chemicals described as persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. Furthermore, we discern individual chemicals that also identify as priority chemicals in biomonitoring initiatives and using an ontology-based chemical classification, at the level of the chemical subclass, found these priority chemicals overlap with just 9% of the REACH chemical space.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 11","pages":" 1752-1758"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harmful algae blooms: an analysis of recent spatiotemporal trends on California's inland waterbodies†","authors":"Kate Jang and Ochan Otim","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00115F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00115F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Harmful algae blooms (HABs) are unwelcome annual events on waterbodies in California (USA). The unseemly sights of lifeless fish drifting ashore and the mammalian illnesses resulting from close contacts with HABs once in ahile are telltale signs of their presence. California as such tracks HABs closely for immediate public warnings. That said, a lack of statewide monitoring standards for producing comparable and high-quality data, however, hinders a deeper insight into HABs on California's inland waterbodies. In their absence, the current study demonstrates the utility of empirical dataset in advancing an understanding of spatiotemporal distribution of HABs on inland waterbodies. With a 2016–2021 mostly observational data, the questions asked are whether HABs incidences are expanding in California with time, whether there are localities more prone to HABs than others, and whether bivariate relationships exist between HABs reports and population density, or waterbody size, land area and geographical location. Overall, the frequency with which HABs are observed is found to increase statewide, an increase not correlated with population density, but with land area and inland waterbody size. Results also show that North Coast, Central Valley, and San Diego are the most affected regions of California. Also revealed by this mostly observational data were recent HABs spikes in the January months (California winter) which, if proven, may be signaling an emerging year-round problem that California will have to contend with.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 6","pages":" 1102-1115"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3684545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wildfires in the western United States are mobilizing PM2.5-associated nutrients and may be contributing to downwind cyanobacteria blooms†","authors":"Nicole E. Olson, Katie L. Boaggio, R. Byron Rice, Kristen M. Foley and Stephen D. LeDuc","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00042G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00042G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wildfire activity is increasing in the continental U.S. and can be linked to climate change effects, including rising temperatures and more frequent drought conditions. Wildfire emissions and large fire frequency have increased in the western U.S., impacting human health and ecosystems. We linked 15 years (2006–2020) of particulate matter (PM<small>_2.5</small>) chemical speciation data with smoke plume analysis to identify PM<small>_2.5</small>-associated nutrients elevated in air samples on smoke-impacted days. Most macro- and micro-nutrients analyzed (phosphorus, calcium, potassium, sodium, silicon, aluminum, iron, manganese, and magnesium) were significantly elevated on smoke days across all years analyzed. The largest percent increase was observed for phosphorus. With the exception of ammonium, all other nutrients (nitrate, copper, and zinc), although not statistically significant, had higher median values across all years on smoke <em>vs.</em> non-smoke days. Not surprisingly, there was high variation between smoke impacted days, with some nutrients episodically elevated &gt;10?000% during select fire events. Beyond nutrients, we also explored instances where algal blooms occurred in multiple lakes downwind from high-nutrient fires. In these cases, remotely sensed cyanobacteria indices in downwind lakes increased two to seven days following the occurrence of wildfire smoke above the lake. This suggests that elevated nutrients in wildfire smoke may contribute to downwind algal blooms. Since cyanobacteria blooms can be associated with the production of cyanotoxins and wildfire activity is increasing due to climate change, this finding has implications for drinking water reservoirs in the western United States, and for lake ecology, particularly alpine lakes with otherwise limited nutrient inputs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 6","pages":" 1049-1066"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3684540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining the targeted and untargeted screening of environmental contaminants reveals associations between PFAS exposure and vitamin D metabolism in human plasma†","authors":"Henrik Carlsson, Akshai Parakkal Sreenivasan, Ida Erngren, Anders Larsson and Kim Kultima","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00060E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00060E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We have developed, validated, and applied a method for the targeted and untargeted screening of environmental contaminants in human plasma using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). The method was optimized for several classes of environmental contaminants, including PFASs, OH-PCBs, HBCDs, and bisphenols. One-hundred plasma samples from blood donors (19–75 years, men <em>n</em> = 50, women <em>n</em> = 50, from Uppsala, Sweden) were analyzed. Nineteen targeted compounds were detected across the samples, with 18 being PFASs and the 19th being OH-PCB (4-OH-PCB-187). Ten compounds were positively associated with age (in order of increasing <em>p</em>-values: PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, 4-OH-PCB-187, FOSA, PFUdA, L-PFHpS, PFTrDA, PFDoA, and PFHpA; <em>p</em>-values ranging from 2.5 × 10<small>^?5</small> to 4.67 × 10<small>^?2</small>). Three compounds were associated with sex (in order of increasing <em>p</em>-values: L-PFHpS, PFOS, and PFNA; <em>p</em>-values ranging from 1.71 × 10<small>^?2</small> to 3.88 × 10<small>^?2</small>), all with higher concentrations in male subjects compared with female subjects. Strong correlations (0.56–0.93) were observed between long-chain PFAS compounds (PFNA, PFOS, PFDA, PFUdA, PFDoA, and PFTrDA). In the non-targeted data analysis, fourteen unknown features correlating with known PFASs were found (correlation coefficients 0.48–0.99). Five endogenous compounds were identified from these features, all correlating strongly with PFHxS (correlation coefficients 0.59–0.71). Three of the identified compounds were vitamin D<small>₃</small> metabolites, and two were diglyceride lipids (DG 24:6;O). The results demonstrate the potential of combining targeted and untargeted approaches to increase the coverage of compounds detected with a single method. This methodology is well suited for exposomics to detect previously unknown associations between environmental contaminants and endogenous compounds that may be important for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 6","pages":" 1116-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d3em00060e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3685231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The fate of organic peroxides indoors: quantifying humidity-dependent uptake on naturally soiled indoor window glass†","authors":"Marc Webb, Liyong Cui, Glenn Morrison, Karsten Baumann, Jason D. Surratt, Zhenfa Zhang, Joanna Atkin and Barbara J. Turpin","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00041A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00041A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Humidity plays an important role in the surface removal and concentrations of indoor pollutants such as ozone; however, the indoor surface dynamics and chemistry of organic peroxides is largely unknown. Organic hydroperoxides (ROOHs) are known to participate in the multiphase chemistry of outdoor aerosols and clouds, suggesting that reactive uptake in condensed grime on indoor surfaces is plausible, particularly in humid homes. Here, the effect of relative humidity (RH) on the deposition velocity (<em>v</em><small>_d</small>) and reaction probability (<em>γ</em>) of a model ROOH to naturally soiled indoor glass surfaces was investigated; specifically, by using authentic isoprene hydroxy hydroperoxide (1,2-ISOPOOH) as the model compound. Glass was soiled in 3 local homes for 1+ years and characterized. The removal of ISOPOOH by soiled and clean glass was measured under 5–6%, 56–58%, and 83–84% RH conditions using a novel flow reactor designed for indoor surfaces coupled to an iodide chemical ionization high-resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometer (I-HR-TOF-CIMS). The <em>v</em><small>_d</small> and <em>γ</em> increased with increasing RH, ranging from 0.001–0.059 cm s<small>^?1</small> and 0.4–4.6 (×10<small>^?6</small>), respectively, on soiled glass surfaces. The <em>v</em><small>_d</small> and <em>γ</em> ranged from only 0.001–0.016 cm s<small>^?1</small> and 0.1–0.8 (×10<small>^?6</small>), respectively, across RH conditions on clean glass, demonstrating a greater RH effect on soiled materials than clean. Loss rates calculated under humid conditions to soiled glass (～1–6 h<small>^?1</small>) were competitive in scale with ventilation rates in typical residences, indicating the importance of surface uptake for indoor ROOH concentrations. This work provides parameters for predictive modeling of indoor ROOHs. To our knowledge, these are the first direct measurements of the <em>v</em><small>_d</small> of an ROOH to naturally soiled indoor surfaces.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 6","pages":" 1031-1048"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3684539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ferrihydrite coating reduces microplastic induced soil water repellency†","authors":"Andreas Cramer, Johanna Schmidtmann, Pascal Benard, Anders Kaestner, Matthias Engelhardt, Stefan Peiffer and Andrea Carminati","doi":"10.1039/D3EM00077J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3EM00077J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Addition of microplastics (MP) to soil has the potential to increase soil water repellency. However, coating of MP with soil abundant substances <em>e.g.</em>, iron compounds, can reduce this effect. Here, we tested if pre-coating or <em>in situ</em> coating of MP with ferrihydrite (Fh) reduces soil water repellency. We applied hotspots of pristine and coated MP (20–75 μm, PS and PET) to sand and imaged capillary rise <em>via</em> neutron radiography. Capillary rise experiments in wetting–drying cycles were conducted using water and Fh suspension. Pristine MP hotspots were not wettable. Capillary rise of water into coated MP hotspots differed in wettability depending on polymer type. While coated PS was still non-wettable, water imbibed into the coated PET hotspot. Capillary rise of Fh suspensions in wetting and drying cycles also showed varying results depending on polymer type. MP hotspots were still non-wettable and local water content increased only marginally. Our results indicate that Fh coating of MP changes MP surface wettability depending on polymer type and therefore counteracts the hydrophobic properties of pristine MP. However, MP coating is likely to be slowed down by the initial hydrophobicity of pristine MP. Dynamics of MP coating and increasing wettability are key factors for biotic and abiotic degradation processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":74,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts","volume":" 6","pages":" 1094-1101"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2023/em/d3em00077j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"3684543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}